Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

Gymnastics being distinguished with multiple apparatus and different nature of performance made it one form of the physical activity because of the role it plays in the preparation of a comprehensive physical for all systems of the body and its members are the distinctive force as quickly as a footrest of the most important organs. The explosive power of legs is one of the elements which play a role in the success of many of the movements in gymnastics. (Mohamed Shehata, 1992, P. 3) indicates to that the concern in gymnastics focuses on the explosive power as it is considered as a decisive factor in the implementation of many skills where the athlete is required to be strong enough to use his weight. The study aimed to propose exercises to develop the explosive power of legs as well as to identify the impact of those exercises to develop the explosive power of legs according to some biochinematic variables and to identify the level of the performance of straddle jumping with pistol jump and squat jump. The experimental approach based on the biochinematic analysis was used. The research sample included students who were unable to do the straddle jump with pistol jump and squat jump and they were (14) of the fourth stage; the Program (kinovea) was used in the analysis of the biochinematic variables and through data collection and processing statistically, the researchers came up with the most important conclusions and that was the proposed exercises led to the development of explosive power of legs; the development of the explosive power of legs based on the biochinematic variables showed a positive impact on the performance of the skill of jumping for both types. It was also shown that there was a difference between the performance of jumping from the pistol jump and the squat jump and the researchers attributed that to the apparent discrepancy in the performance of squat jump between the members of the research sample. No indication of statistical correlation between some biochinematic variables under discussion, the explosive power of legs and the level of performance of straddle jumping and the reason was that the explosive power was not exploited by the players in a way compatible with the performance as well as the non-recruitment of biochinematic variables in a way that serves the goal.

The goal of research is to identify the types of sports injuries and the reasons behind their occurrence to the players of individual games as well as to find the differences in the types of sports injuries and the reasons the reasons behind their occurrence between the players of individual games. The researcher assumed that there was statistical differences in types of sports injuries and why they occur between the individual games players. The researcher studied the theoretical studies, which were related to the research such as sports injuries and their causes and the individual games as well. The researcher used the descriptive method with the survey style and the comparative studies and research society was identified by the players of individual games teams (tennis, squash, badminton and table) in middle Euphrates universities. (Babylon, Kufah, Al Qadisiya, Wasit, and Karbala) of (125) players, and the research sample were chosen from the players who had been subjected to Sports Injuries in teams of individual games of the universities, they were (80) players with a percentage of 64 % , and the researcher used tools and devices and information collection instruments such as (a questionnaire for sports injuries, interviews and observation), and the researcher conducted a pretest for this questionnaire on a sample of (20) players and then found a scientific basis; this questionnaire, after being validated, had been distributed to the main research sample of (80) players, and then the researcher collected the questionnaire forms to enter the data and process it with a proper statistical means and interpret it with an appropriate scientific formula depending on the related scientific sources.

The physical and sports education is like other subjects in which integration is achieved in building the personality of the learner in all its aspects as the physical education including the knowledge, skills and attitudes is established to ensure the achievement of this integrated construction of the character in this time in which an individual is looked at with a holistic view of concern with the learner’s mind and his body and soul by which it qualifies human beings in mind, skill and behavior acquired by the learner through positive engagement in vocational education activities in an upscale atmosphere of social communication and the desirable behavior is the requirement from each learner and the goal of every teacher. The physical education workshop is a place where all sorts of favored behavior of cooperation, patience, accuracy, honesty and tolerance; this is shown through the many allowances enjoyed by the students during their implementation of decided and planned sports activities.
The research aimed to
- Identify the professional skills acquired from studying physical education at the Institute for Science and techniques of physical and sports activities.
- Identify the professional skills acquired from the study of physical education to the different sex.
- Identify the professional skills acquired from the study of physical education depending on the academic level and specialization.

The research includes the introduction and the importance of research, which lies in the use of exercises to develop reaction speed and field-tested for the purpose of identifying the extent of the impact of such training on some of the basic skills of basketball. The researcher touched on the research problem which was determined by the vulnerability of the correct response and reaction speed as a result of the erroneous analysis of the type of exciting and the inability to rapid selection of the signals and the skills that must be exercised by the player accurately during the execution of those skills.
The research aimed to prepare exercises for the development of the reaction speed to the basketball players and to identify the use of exercises to develop reaction and its impact on some of the basic skills of basketball.
The researcher used the experimental method because of its relevance to the nature of the research as it was considered the best way to solve the research problem which can achieve its objectives. The researcher reached many of the most important conclusions; the most important one was that the use of drills to develop reaction speed used by the researcher achieved the goal and the purpose for which it was designed.
The most important recommendation was the need to use the exercises to develop reaction speed during training and to invest whatever it provides.

The research problem was mainly on the apparent decrease in the level of achievement of the two running races (1500.3000) m. So, this study is to identify many of the indicators by which to stand on the player physical state that will help to solve the problem of the research and come up with the results we can make use of in assessing the level of training and development of the level of achievement. The study aimed to find out the differences in the impact of physical effort to races (1500.3000) freestyle running in variables (diastolic and systolic pressure and heart rate and enzyme LDH, AST) before and after the effort. The researcher identified the research community, who were the players of Iraq clubs to the events of (30001500) freestyle running and the number of sample members was (12) players who were 75% of the research community (16 players) by 6 players for each event. The sample was in a healthy condition. The researcher conducted the main experience in a race held in Al-Qasiah University for Iraq clubs in track and field games, including the races (1500.3000) on Tuesday, 13.11.2012 as the measurements related to the research were carried out before the race and before any doing effort. The measurements of height, weight, biological and training age recording for each player were taken and then the measurements of pulse rate systolic and diastolic pressure by wrists device over the left forearm and also samples are taken from venous blood from the forearm and by 3 mm and the player in a sitting position. After the end of each player racing, he goes directly to a special terrace near the finish line, where specialists are there. Physiological measurements were taken after the race effort (pulse rate and systolic and diastolic pressure) and also samples are taken from venous blood directly after the race from the forearm to the terrace and by 3 CC enzymatic LDH, AST. The most important conclusions were reached, which were: the levels of both the average number of heart beating and enzyme LDH and enzyme AST after effort increased after effort to races (3000.1500 m) compared to the rest periods and a lower rate of heart to race 3,000 m at rest compared to the race in 1500 as a result of adjustment happening to the players as a result of work and training in accordance with the prevailing effective antenna system.

The nature of the transitions between clubs and competitions and the accompanying events generate psychological state of the player, which vary from one person to another and psychological endurance and competition concern are all necessary psychological attributes and have to be taken in consideration and identified because they represent the mind which controls the rest of the physical abilities, and when they are getting raised or declined, they affect thus the team results as a whole as the attention to the psychological aspect is a fundamental pillar of the player, so we find that the football player tries during the game to adjust his energy and mental abilities and not being disturbed and this is generated from psychological stress owned by the play and thus as far as he has this attribute, this will affect that concern of competition he has and all this in order to achieve good results for the team.
The researcher observed variation in the performance of the players who move between the previous clubs and clubs they were transferred to as a result of the weakness of psychological endurance and an increase in anxiety during competition as a result of the big psychological impact on the players in terms of seeking to demonstrate the their capabilities and make achievements for the club. The research aims to identify the psychological stress and competition anxiety between football players who move and those who travel between the clubs is the province of Missan for the football season 2013-2014. The researcher used the descriptive approach by using a questionnaire, which suits the nature of the research problem. The researcher identified the research community with the players of Missan province clubs of football, who were transferred or not for the football season 2013-2014, totaling 66 players representing clubs (Missan oil, Al `Amarah, Almaimunah). The researcher chose a sample for his research from the mentioned community of (22) players, (11) players moved away and (11) players who did not. The researcher found that there was a significant relationship between the players who moved and those who did not in the feature of competition anxiety and there was a non-significant relationship between the players who moved and those who did not in the feature of psychological endurance.

The researcher wrote down an introduction of the research, its importance and his problem embodied in the weakness of the basic skill of spike in volleyball for most of our players, so the researcher proposed to find a way to develop these skills for the young players, and that is through the high intensity periodic training in the development of explosive power, within which to bring the spirit of the thrill and excitement when performance by the players through their training .this is one of the basics of learning and training. The objectives of the research were (to identify the impact of the training method of the high intensity periodic training in the development of the feature of explosive power for the young players in volleyball, and get to know the impact of explosive power in some of the spiking skills in different play centers). The research sample was of (24) young players.
The researcher used the experimental method in accordance with the design of the (equal groups) and identification of the tests proposed to measure the spike skill under research and exploratory experiments and the most important statistical treatments so the sample was divided into two groups (control and experimental) as the experimental group underwent to the methodology of field training through instruments and tools , whereas the control group did the typical training exercises and under the supervision of coach and after processing and analysis of the results, it was shown that the field training and the typical training method had an impact in the development of the explosive power to perform some of the spiking skills in volleyball.

The research aims to identify the differences of some basic kinetic shapes between government and private kindergarten children.
The survey method was used due to its suitability to this method and to the nature of the research. With regard to the research sample, it was selected intentionally. The research sample included children from government and private kindergarten for the academic year (2012-2013).
The research community consists of 10 children for the private kindergarten and the same number of children for the government kindergarten.
1. The consequences of the tests proved the convergence of the level of children in motor forms in these early ages.
2. The tests achieved their objectives in terms of comparison between kindergarten children and the results were not significant.
In the light of the conclusions reached, the researchers recommended the following:
1. Reconsider the contents of the followed approaches (diverse Kinetic activities) in kindergarten children pay attention to organize educational units and motor skills, taking into account the desire of the kids and their orientation.
2. Pay attention to the physical and motor abilities and develop it among this age group.
3. The researchers proposed of paying attention to the teachers of physical education teachers for kindergarten through establishing special courses in how to implement the goals of physical education curriculum for this age group sessions.

The current research contained an introduction through the statement of the positive effects of some biochinematic variables, which have a significant role in the study of the angle of catching and the importance of these effects, and then the problem which was mainly on studying some biochinematic variables for the two phases of releasing and dismounting in the performance of kovacs on the horizontal bar, and one finding out the extent of its impact the angle of catching with the quality of that influence and the possibility to predict the angle of catching. The study included a sample of the heroes of the world participating in the individual apparatus championships (the horizontal bar) within the World Championship held in Doha (2013) which consists of six players, and the objectives of the research was to identify the values of some biochinematic variables for the two phases of releasing and dismounting in the performance of konvacs on the horizontal bar, and to identify the relationship between the angle of catching and some biochinematic variables for the two phases of releasing and dismounting in the performance of konvacs on the horizontal bar, and then find an predictive equation for the angle of catching according to some biochinematic variables for the two phases of releasing and dismounting in the performance of konvacs on the horizontal bar. Appropriate statistical methods were used; the goals of the research were achieved; a predictive equation was devised to predict the angle of catching, which was reliable in the evaluation of the angles of catching for the players and comparing the level of every player with his mates.

The research aims to:
1. Disclose the impact of the tactile-kinetic games games approach to the development of some elements of the intelligence and motor skills, visual perception among pre-school children.
2. Detect the differences between the post-tests between the experimental group and control group in children ages 5-6 years.
The researcher used the experimental method due to its appropriateness to the nature of the research. The research community was of children enrolled in kindergarten (butterfly) totaling (36) boys and girls in the district of Koya and registered for the academic year (2013-2014) as the research sample included 30 children. The sample was divided randomly by lot into two equal groups, one experimental and other controlling. The experimental design was chosen, which was called ' designing the randomly chosen equal groups of pretests and posttests.
Homogeneity and parity between the two groups of children were achieved in the research variables (chronological age, height, mass) as well as the kinetic intelligence tests and the growth of visual perception skills).
The research instruments were (motor IQ tests), and (the growth of visual perception skills scale) with pre-school children and of (visual discrimination, visual memory, the distinction between figure and ground, visual closure, spatial relationships).
After checking the validity and reliability of the instrument, it had been applied to the sample, and the data was processed by using appropriate statistical methods, and the researcher reached to a group of the following conclusions:
1. The tactile-kinetic approach was well in the elements of kinetic intelligence and the scale of the growth of visual perception skills in children of the experimental group.
2. The followed physical education lesson did not achieve excellence in some elements of kinetic intelligence for the children of the control group with the exception of geometric shapes test which did.
3. The followed physical education lesson achieved excellence growth in scale visual perception skills to the children of the control group.
4. The children of the experimental group were better than the children in the control group in the posttest in some elements of the intelligence and motor skills tests the growth

The recent years have witnessed a special importance for the Physical Education, through the evolution of the life of nations and peoples, and this is an indication of the great interest from the presence of specialists and researchers in developing the educational process on an ongoing basis in order to raise the sports level and achievements. The athletic field is one of the fields which are interested in using various means and educational methods as they have a positive impact on the speed of and on effort investment.
Educational unit contains a number of exercises must be applied according to standardized scientific program in order to apply it and practice it in terms of the sequence of exercises and ways to implementation, repetition and periods of work and rest in it, so the students perform them with motivation, activeness and desire more than it is, even if it is not used classically and students feel bored.
Therefore, different types and forms of scheduling exercise and a variety of ways have emerged to meet the targets in educational unit effort and less time, and these methods are such as distributed method in which the rest are longer compared to the method in intensive in which comfort may be as much as skill performance or longer time, according to the skill performed during the educational unit either intensive method in which the learner is practiced skill constantly and without a rest period between its repetitions or a very short period of rest and by the skill to be learned.
The idea of football games that feature a lot of basic skills and diversity of this increased interest in the training of these skills process for the purpose of acquiring and mastering a high degree. It is also one of the subjects contained in the curriculum of the Faculty of Physical Education, which students should learn its skills and mastered them well in order to be able to teaching them when graduating from college so that he could raise the level of athletic performance. Hence is the importance of research, which is the attempt to get the best practices in the ideal performance of some basic skills in football to learn as well as they might contribute to a new addition in an easy way to the theoretical subject in the field of scheduling the exercise.

The researchers conducted this research to get to know the reality of cognitive method (analytical - comprehensive) among the players of some arena and playground events and the differences between the players in terms of cognitive method according to the type of effectiveness, as well as the prediction of accomplishment sport through cognitive method (analytical - comprehensive) for the players. In order to do that, the researchers supposed that there were significant statistical differences between the players of the arena and playground in terms of (running - jump - throwing) with cognitive method (analytical - comprehensive) and there was a correlation between the cognitive method (analytical - comprehensive) and the achievement of the players of the arena and playground. Additionally, it was known the relationship between the preferred method of emotional control of the player process and to achieve the required achievement in efficiency. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher examined a sample of players from the arena clubs and the playground clubs, who were participating in Iraq Clubs Championship season in 2014 using descriptive approach with survey method (questionnaire method and correlations) and for that, the researchers built the emotional control scale and prepare special test your style cognitive measure (analytical - comprehensive) for the players of arena and playground by following the standards necessary scientific steps and by the end of these procedures, the researchers had a scale for each of the (emotional control) by (43) items and scales for the cognitive method (Analytical - comprehensive) by (15) items after the two scales were ready, they were applied to the sample and the data were analyzed statistically, so the researchers came to the following conclusions:

The present era is different than the previous ones by the huge technological development in all fields of life and the emergence of modern technical innovations such as electronic computer devices that have become a factor in the education process as an actor in the educational success of the operation as well as the role of the student, the teacher and the curriculum of education including the vocabulary and assisting educational instruments and how to use those tools in the education process. The research problem was clear in the achievement of students effectively in triple jump does not amount to acceptable levels, as a result of weakness in the physical attributes, and since this segment (Faculty of Physical Education students) is one of the important and basic segments of society because of its effect in supplying the clubs and teams with good and experienced players as being the fundamental basis for it. It became not possible that this segment develop but through organized learning and training. the study aimed at preparing proposed exercises in the development of some biochinematic variables and the achievement of the players in triple jump. The researcher used the experimental method (one group with pretests and post-tests) due to its suitability for the nature of the problem to be resolved so that it specifies the research community with students of the second degree in the Faculty of Physical Education – Missan University and for the academic year 2013 -2014, totaling 20 students. The research sample was selected from that society and by (6) male randomly, the proposed exercises started to be applied on the research sample on 12/11/2013 until 25/01/2014. This period was divided into (6) weeks per week and two educational units as the time of each training unit was (60) minutes divided into warming for (10 minutes) and the main section for (45 minutes). The final section continued for (5) minutes. The researcher conducted the post-tests measuring achievement and determining the evolution of some biochinematic variables and took into account the same conditions in which he held in the pretests in terms of space and time and physical factors. The researcher used statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, t samples asymmetric) and concluded that the proposed exercises had positive results in terms of impact on biochinematic variables as a way to develop and acquire learning achievement and effectiveness required by the triple jump.

Prediction is one of the effective means that helps to raise the level of performance through having the coaches and players of the team know the positives and negatives of the team. It is considered one of the measurement and evaluation methods to compare the team's performance, which gives players more motivation and achievement. The importance of the research shows up due to the nature of the game (4 periods) in which there were play multiple plans based on changing the attitudes of play and the speed of the rhythm of the game, which requires from his coach and good players and act quickly to build the plans and counter-plans to respond to. This prompted the researcher to conduct this study it, trying to find out the most periods of scoring in the games of the team of Hilla basketball Club, as well as knowing the relationship between the periods as a result and the result of the final match, as well as the quantification of the results of the matches in the light of the results of the four periods of play. The sample size reached (33) matches. The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the most important findings of the researcher was that the second period was one of the more periods of scoring; the first period was less scoring period. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the result of the four periods and the result of the final match. i.e. there was a difference between the results of the periods in the process of scoring in basketball and the result of the final match.

The research includes an introduction and the importance of the research. The research examined the physical patterns, as well as some motor abilities, and the research was important as it recognized the differences between some of the motor capacities in accordance with the physical patterns of young football players.
The research problem lies in that most coaches do not care the scientific bases in the selection of players, but rely heavily on subjective experience, despite the availability of a number of selection models, especially physical patterns that is one of the determinants of the selection sports and that is evident impact on the ideal motor performance and from this fact, the researcher examined this the problem and developed solutions for it.
The researcher used the descriptive approach with comparative causal method. The research sample consisted of 40 players from Missan province clubs for youth football, as the researcher used Hirata scale and some motor capacity tests (motor response speed, agility and compatibility), and the system (SPSS) was used to get the search results. The researcher concluded that the muscular style is the best among the three physical patterns groups and all the surveyed tests. The researcher recommended to rely on foundations and scientific and objective principles in the process of selecting the players and the selection should be according to the physical patterns affecting the motor capacity and by type of sporting event.