Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

A field experiment was conducted in Autumn season of 2013, to aim determinate the best moisture content for picking the ear of maize. The experiment was applyied for to compare between the varieties (Taler, Messerra, Al-eizz and Bouhouth 106). This experiment was conducted as split-plot by a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The genotypes were assigned in the main plot, the moisture ratios (26, 28, 30 and 32%) were in sub plots. The statistical analysis for the experiment resulted to be significant differences in all studied traits by genotypes in the experiment. Taller was surpassed in the ear weight (260.7g) , trash materials ratio threshing (14.37%), oil ratio (9.40%) , embryo to the seed ratio (65.25 %) and field growing ratio (94.8%) . Bouhouth 106 was surpassed in 300 grains weight (291g) and protein ratio (10.42%). Al-eizz was surpassed in the starch ratio (32.04%).The results showed significant difference for moisture content for ears at the harvest in most studied traits. The lowest moisture content (26%) gave highest ratio of not broken (good) seeds (92.78%) and highest ratio of trash materials (7.22%) and gave heights oil ratio (7.08%), protein ratio (9.22%) and filed growing ratio (92.7%). The harvested ears were gave at higher moisture content (32%) gave highest bulk density (808.1 kg.m-3) and highest trash materials ratio (7.22%, and it gave lowest good broken seeds after threshing mechanically (85.09%), oil ratio (6.35%), protein ratio (9.22%) and filed growing ratio (89.4%). The experiment analysis, of correlation showed there was positive correlation relation with high significant between the qualitative traits for the seeds of the studied varieties there was also negative correlation relation with significant between the weight of the ear and not broken (good) seeds ratio which resulted from mechanical threshing (-0.685). There was also positive correlation between the pith to ear ratio and trash materials ratio (0.642%), also the results showed there was also positive correlation to the filed growing, weight of the seed , bulk density and ratio of embryo to the seed (0.714, 0.612 and 0.569) respectively.

The study included two ways , first evaluate of twenty four genotypes performance of Barley ( Eighteen in produced genotypes which are advanced lines from selection program by method of pedigree in isolated filialles for crosses introduced from (ICARDA) with six local varieties Shuaa , Boraq , Emal , Samir , Warkaa and Al- khair) , obtained from Ministry of Science and Technolog- Salahaldeen province , to know its stability in way of cultivate it in three tillage system (Deep moderate and without tillage) in tow locations , first in one farmers field in Tuz location , the second in field crops station-college of Agriculture . Tikrit University in 2013-2014 season used (RCBD) Randomized Complete Block Design in split plots system , the main plots were Tillage and the sub plots were the genotypes with three replicates . Study of traits, duration from planting till flowering , plant height , flag leaf area , number of Spikes/m2, number of grains in the spike , weight of 1000 grains yield and biological yield . effect of system tillage distinguished deep moderate in tow trait number of grains in the spike and biological yield and without tillage in flag leaf area and weigh of 1000 grains yield and no tillage in number of grains in the spike and no significant differences between tillage system of some traits . the genotype (JH20) was distinguished in duration to flowering traits (103.39 day) and the genotype (warkaa) in two traits plant height traits and leaf area (102.60cm and 31.21cm2)respectively and the genotype (JH05) in trait of weight of 1000 grains (56.59gm), and the genotype (JH15) in trait number of grains in the spike (378.94gm) and the genotype (JH21) in two traits of grain yield and biological yield (5558.03 and 15209 kg/h) respectively , of effect locations was distinguished Toz location of all traits on the Tikrit location , and the interaction significant of all traits .

A field experiment was carried out for the autumn season ( 2013) in the area Al:Dour/ village of Abu Delh . The Experiment included tow factors , first one was six : genotypes (Bohowth 5018, Bohowth 106,ZP606, ZP677, FAO400, and DKC659 ) the second factor was : three planting ( 15/7 , 25/7 , and 5/8 ) . The aim of study was the effect of planting dates for Genotypes of maize and the impact on qualitative traits which included ( percentage of protein, oil percentage and percentage of oleic, linolec and palmtic fatty acids). by applying a(R.C.B.D) design with three replicates in split plots arrangement included the sub plots by planting duration while the genotypes were in main plot the results summarized as follows: Most of genotypes involved in the study significantly differed in all qualitative studied traits planting date did not show any significant differences in qualitative traits in protein, oil content fatty acid ration . From interactions between genotypes and planting dates values, showed the best interactions of fatty acids were overlapping 5018 Bohowth and the first deadline for oleic acid and palmtic was the best overlap between the hybrid DKC6590 and the first date , and the best nest recipe linoleic acid between Class 106 Bohowth and date of the second date .

Twelve (eight-year-old) trees of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) were planted at three different spacing, (2.00 X 3.00 meters, 2.50 X 3.50 meters, and 3.00 X 4.00 meters). Samples at three different heights; 1.3 meters (DBH), 2.8 meters, and 4.3 meters, were taken from each tree to determine the variation of the wood density with planting spacing change between trees. The results showed a (4%) difference in wood density with each (0.50 X 0.50 meter) decrease in planting spacing.
The mean wood density of poplar trees was (0.45 g cm-3) at (3.00 X 4.00 meter) spacing. The density increased to (0.47 g cm-3) at (2.50 X 3.50 meter) spacing and to (0.489 g cm-3) at (2.00 X 3.00 meter) spacing.The density was varied from the pith of the trees outside to the bark and did not show strong relationship to the position on the stem; near pith, intermediate between pith and bark, and near the bark or to the height of the tree.

This study deals with the conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of three cultivars of maize ( Cadz , Bhoth 106 and Mas ) against the infestation by corn borer Sesamia cretica L. during the fall season 2011 in the fields of technical institute Hawija, the results obtained showed that, the sensitively of all cultivars of maize to the corn borer by avarying degrees Cadz was the most tolerant to the corn borer , infestation rates were 63% , 51% , 48% and yield loss of 41.64% , 35.71% , and 11.23% for cultivars Cadz , Bhoth 106 and Mas respectively .

Fifteen genotypes of bread wheat were used in tow irrigation methods :
surface and sprinkler irrigation to determine the most important characters
which can be used as effective criteria for grain yield improvement
.Phenotypic and other components characters were determined : number of
days to 50% flowering leaf area ,plant height ,number of
spikes\m2,number of grains in spike and 1000 grains weight .Path
coefficient analysis carried out to partition the phenotypic and genotypic
correlation coefficients to direct and indirect effects. The results showed
that number of spikes\m2 and number of grains in spike height correlated
with grain yield in tow irrigation methods and 1000 grains weight in
surface irrigation. Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of
spikes\m2 , number of grains in spike and 1000 grain weight had the most
positive direct effect on the yield, so these characters can be used as a
selection criteria for grain yield.

The experiment was carried out on winter season of 2013/2014 at the horticultural
gardening landscape research station/college of agriculture/University of Tikrit to
study the effect of variety and fertilizers addition method on growth and yield of
cabbage. The experiment included three varieties of cabbage; Sakata, Blue Jays,
Copenhagen-market, with four fertilization treatments; local poultry manure,
humus, mushroom wastes, and chemical fertilizers. The experiment was carried
out using the split-plot design based on R.C.B.D. The results of the experiment
statistically analyzed and compared with Duncan's multiples .
The results of the experiment showed that poultry manure was significantly on
total chlorophyll and sugar percentage, and gave the lowest value of nitrate.
Addition of humus T2 was significantly on the leave area. Mushroom wastesوtreatment was more effective in the oil percentage. The chemical fertilizer was
more effective on total chlorophyll, length and diameter of cabbage head but it
gave high nitrate level.From the results it was appeared that there were significant
differences in the verities treatment; as Copenhagen-market showed highest result
of head length. Blue Jays variety gave highest total chlorophyll, biological yield,
and nitrate. Sakata appeared with higher leaf area and low content of nitrate.The
experiment results showed significant differences with the combination between
fertilization and varieties. As the poultry manure with Blue Jays gave high outer
leaves number and chlorophyll. While humus combination with Blue jays gave
high leaf area. The combination of mushroom wastes and Sakata variety gave
high head length, diameter, and nitrate concentration. The combination of
mushroom wastes with Copenhagen-market gave high total yield, while the
chemical fertilizers combined with Sakata gave high oil percentage.

This study has been made in one of the private Citrus orchards in Salahddin province Tikrit district/ Alam during 2012 Season, this study was made on Citrus
sinensis L this for study the impact of spraying Gibberellin which its concentration 20 mg liter 1- and the Urea 0.05% and zinc ( zinc sulfate 0.5%) regarding the growing properties on the local orange tree, the experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D), the experiment comprised of 8 treatments repeated three times and distributed randomly over three sectors, The trees have been treatment until they went wet till the morning time on 10/4 and 10/5 for the season 2012 at the flowering stage and after four weeks the trees have been sprayed for the third time by Urea only on the date 30/September /2012.The results showed that the impact of spraying with GA3 and Urea and Zinc on the trees individually and together was positive to increase the percentage of the cluster of the yields and the rest of the yields and it was positive to reduce the percentage of the falling yield measured with the compared treatment and they gave better results of these properties and the percentage of the juice in the yield and the percentage of the yields reached (29.08 , 16.95 , 4.86) % consecutively, and it led to increase the content of the leaves of chlorophyll and the leave area completely measured with the compared treatment. The treatment of (GA3+N+ Zn( was exceeding by giving the highest averages for these properties if they reach (58.95) spad unit and 5.27m2 per a tree convectively. and led to increase and the length of their fields and their diameter and their weight and size and the thickness of peel and the treatment of comparison which has been the lowest records and this increase has reached the top of the treatment (GA3+N+ Zn( and it reached 32.76kgm per tree1-, 8,25 cm, 6.97cm, 138,86g, 129.41 cm3 consecutively. also it led to increase the percentage of the juice and the whole percentage of the Sugars measured with the compared treatments and the treatments were different namely when GA3 and Urea and Zinc were involved and they gave better results of these properties and the percentage of the juice in the yield and the percentage of the Sugars reached (49.14 , 9.93) consecutively.

This study was performed at Al-Isihaki date palm station attached to the General Date board/Ministry of Agriculture during 2012 season on three date palm cultivar White Farith, Saeef plant, and Alhilaly. Number and length Leaves and number of leaflet, root number and length, chlorophyll contents. 63 homogenized growth offshoots, grown on square system 5 m X 5 m were selected. The First chemical fertilization applied on march15, 2012, the second on June 15, 2012, and the third on September 15, 2012 .The study included 7 fertilizer treatments in addition to the comparison treatment. All the readings were collected at February 15, 2013 to confirm the results after one year. The experiment was designed on the split plot design and the varieties as main factor while other treatments as secondary factors. Three varieties and seven treatments the addition was calibrated to be N of 68, 136, and 204 gm, P of 9, 18, and 27 gm, and K of 30, 60, and 90 gm. The leafy fertilizer was high nitrogen 21% N, 0% P, and 0% K , equal amount at 20% P, and 20% K and Potassium high fertilizer 15% N, 10% P, and 30% K at 5000 mg/liter -1, with three replicates for each treatment. The differences were compared between averages based on LSD at the possibility of 5%.The fertilizers treatment was applied three dates march , Jun and September .The results of the study showed significant results of white Faith variety over other two varieties (Saeef plant and Al hilaly) in the vegetative growth as width of leaflet, leaf length, and leaves number. While Saeef plant significantly showed dominance over other two varieties in root number. The variety of Al hilaly dominated also in number of fronds and leaves contents of chlorophyll . All treatment showed a significant effect on vegetative growth with concentration increase compared to the comparison treatment . The Third treatment (204gm N, 27gm P, 90 gm K)(T3) of fertilizers used as the leaves number was 16.73 leaves, with length of 161.95 cm, leaflet length of 29.00 cm and width of 2.78 cm . While roots number was 34.87, 60.25 cm of the length, then 6.98 mm/root of width. Leaf contents as chlorophyll of 62.03 SPAD. The combination between varieties and chemical treatment resulted in significant increase in the vegetative growth average; the combination of variety Saeef plant and third treatment (V2T3) gave highest averages of vegetative growth as leaf length, leaflet length and width, root length and width, with the combination between varieties Saeef plant and Al hilaly of third treatment. The results of variety Al hilaly combined with third treatment (V3T3) gave a significant dominance in vegetative growth root number, chlorophyll contents.

This study was carried out first time in Iraq for study of charcoal rot disease on corn, Zea maize. the pathogenicity test on brassica and corn seeds germination proved that M.phaseolina reduce the brassica and corn seeds germination percentage to 61.5 and 53.3%, respectively, compared to 95.6 and 96.7% in controls. The results showed that M.phaseolina was more sensitive for tested fungicides compared with T.harzianum, the growth of T.harzianum was significantly faster in present Diathin M 45)according to Duncan multiple rang P>0.05) compared with other tested fungicides the colony diameter of T.harzianum was 4.4 cm in present Diathin M 45 with reduction to 1,2 cm in M.phaseolina.The effect of tested fungicides on B.subtilis was lower than both fungi, the highest B.subtilis growth was in present Diathin M 45 resulting in 2.3×107 compared to 2.7 × 107 in control.The highest effect of compost was on the pathogenic fungus, the colony diameter was 6.3 , 5.2 and 4.2 cm at 10,20 and 30% respectively, while there was low effect on the biocontrol agent T.harzianum, resulting in 9,8.5 and 8 cm in colony diameter with no significant deffrences P<0.05 with control that gave 9 cm. While the highest bacterial growth was 5.8×107 cell/ml in 30% of compost extract compared to 2.7 ×107cell/ml in control. All studied control treatments in the field experiment were superior on vegetative and productive parameters of corn (DKC6120 Varity) compared to M.phaseolina alone, the highest values of these parameters were in combination of compost+M.phaseolina+T.harzianum + B.subtilis in present of the pathogenic fungus, in which, seeds germination percentage , root and shoot dry weight were 93.55% ,38.86 and 209.85 g , respectively, compared to 65.3% , 18.5 and 145.52 cm, 20.49 and 126.7 g respectively, in present of the pathogen alone. This treatment also showed highest reduction in the infection percentage and disease severity resulting in 21.07% and 0.18 compared to 74.65% and 0.74 ,in present of pathogen alone, respectively. and lead to superior on the productive parameters, such as corn cobs number plant-1 (3.0), corn cob weight (254.84 g) and seeds weight cob-1 (208.12 g) compared to 2.06,143.07 and 113.64 g , respectively, in control (the pathogen alone).

The study included field scanning operation for the disease white mold
caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on eggplant in protected agriculture
areas in Salah Aldeen governorate and collection of the fungi isolates to prepare it
for labratory and field studies and studying some morphological characters of the
fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum which included the average number of sclerotia ,
average weight of sclerotia after 20 days of inoculation and the average of
sclerotial growth after 72 hrs . The pathogenicity experiment of Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum isolates performed by sterile flowerbeds and studying the
differences among isolates by the recorded infection severity and percent . The
results indicated that the fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum founded and distributed in
most areas in Salah Aldeen Governorate caused ecological loses and collection
and purification of 8 isolates Ss1 , Ss2 , Ss3 , Ss4 , Ss5 , Ss6 , Ss7 , Ss8 which
showed difference among them in morphological characters in Lab. The isolate
Ss1 achieved higher number of sclerotia formation 29 sclerotia / petridish while
the isolate Ss6 formed lower number of sclerotia 8 sclerotia /petridish . The
isolate Ss7 achieved higher average weight of sclerotia 0.56 gm /petridish while
the isolate Ss5 showed lower average weight of sclerotia 0.15 gm/ petridish. The
isolates Ss6 ,Ss7 , Ss8 achieved in the growth of colony diameter 9cm while
the isolates Ss4 , Ss5 lower growth of colony diameter 5cm . In pathogenicity
experiment showed that all the isolates have the pathogenicity ability from the
infection severity and infection percent recorded .The isolate Ss1 recorded higher
average of infection severity 92.22% compared with the other isolates while the
isolate Ss8 recorded lower average of infection severity 63.33%.The third week
recorded higher average infection severity 79.81% while the first week is lower
average infection severity 55.74% .The isolate Ss1 recorded higher infection
percent 100% compared with other isolates while the isolate Ss8 recorded lower
infection percent 75.88% and it was not differ with Ss7 . The third week recorded
higher infection percent 83.11% while the first week recorded lower infection
percent 70.11% .

This experiment was conducted at Department of Biology- College of Education for Pure Science- Diyala University, at the period between 2010- 2012 years to investigate the effect of plant extracts of Garlic and Colocynthus with four different methods extraction and some antifungal on growth of yeast Candida albicans and C.tropicaiis which isolated from disease patients at Diyala Govener. Crude extraction of garlic (Ailium sativum ) and colocynthus (Citrulius coloynthus ) have been showed very high inhibition effective against fungi Candida albicans and C.tropicalis which caused candidiasis disease . Also this results were showed that minimal inhibition concentration as antifungus Fluconazole 12.5 and 6.5 .µg / ml against both fungi C.albicans and C.tropicalis respectively , and then antifungus Ketacanazole and Nystation 25 and 12.5 µg / ml respectively . Whereas the minimal fungicidal concentration 50 .µg / ml Have been showed that extraction of colocynthus which analyzed red blood cells but the garlic extration did not showed cellular toxicity for red blood cells And the hexanic extraction for garlic and colocynthus gave very high percentage 52 % and 63% respectively and then alcoholic extraction 50 % and 45 % . The lowest percentage for hot and cold water extraction for garlic and colocynthus were 33% , 35% , 25% and 30 % respectively . Alcoholic extraction for both plants have been showed the best inhibition activity comparing with hot and cold extraction .Garlic extraction gave inhibition activity against both fungi C.aibicans and C.tropicaiis butter than in colocynthus extraction , which gave hexan extraction for garlic in concentration 100 mg / ml the highest percentage for inhibition 100 % against fungus C.tropicalis , and alcoholic extraction 98.88 % against both fungi C.albicans and C.tropicalis . The lower inhibition percentage 57.6 % in concentration 20 mg / ml for garlic cold water extraction. The concentration 100 mg / ml for hexanic extraction for garlic and colocynthus have been showed inhibition activity equalized to inhibition activity for antifungal of Nystatin in concentration 2 mg/mI

The objective of this study is to determine the consumptive use and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its relation with available soil water depletion ratio, surface (SD) and subsurface drip irrigation (SSD) under gypsiferous soil conditions. A field study was conducted in spring season on 2013 at experimental research station of Soil and Water Resources Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University. The experimental design was split plot with RCBD in three replications. Drip irrigation of SD and SSD represent main plots and depletion ratio of 35, 45, and 45% represent sub main plots. The treatments were T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6, respectively. Rudolph variety of potato was planted on 3-2-2013 and harvested on 20-6-2013. Actual and reference evapotranspiration (ETC and ET0), water use efficiency (WUE), crop coefficient (KC), yield, leaf area index (LAI), and root weight density (RWD) were measured through growth season of potato. Results showed that ETc was 434.4 and 322.6 mm/season for T1 and T4, respectively, whereas it was 370.0, 308.2, 265.0 and 218.9 mm for T2, T3, T5 and T6, respectively. KC values of T1 were 0.52, 1.16, and 0.71 and for T4 were 0.38, 0.86, and 0.53 for vegetative growth, tuber initiation, and tuber bulking and maturation stages, respectively. Highest value of WUE (6.55 kg/m3) was obtained in T4. Significant increase in yield was found when depletion ratio increased from 35 to 45% for both SD and SDD. The highest yield, 14.93 and 17.35 ton/ha was found for T2 and F5, whereas the lowest yield, 12.03 and 13.5 ton/ha for T3 and T6, respectively. Highest value of LAI was 1.21 for T5, and RWD values significantly increased with increase in depletion ratio. They were 2.05 and 3.17 mg/cm3 for T3 and T6, respectively.

Afield experiment was conducted by using (RCBD) to study the effect of mycorrihza bio fertilization and phosphorous fertilizer in yield of maize.
The results showed that application of fungal (Glomus mosseae) biofertilizer significantly increased the grain yield, biological yield and percentage N, P, K, in grain irrespective with and without phosphorous fertilizer, which were (17.66 , 14.77 , 6.63 , 33.33 and 5.40)% respectively compared without addition of biofertilizer.
Inoculation with 75% super phosphate treatment gave maximum of number grain which was (532.43), grain yield (8.6) ton.h-1 and biological yield (18.75) ton.h-1.
Inoculation exhibited the highest mean values of chemical fertilizer using efficiency (19.16) kg grain for each kilogram chemical fertilizer added. The Inoculation with rock phosphate gave results non significantly compared with super phosphate without Inoculation treatment.

This study was conducted at Animal Fields, Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University for the period from 16th June 2012 up to 8th May 2013, to the effect of shearing and Vit. E determine to reduce mperature and to study their effect on the productive traits of Awassi lambs in the middle of Iraq. In this experiment , thirty six Awassi male lambs at the age of three months and average body weight was 22.0 kg. these animals were divided into two groups ( 18 each ), the animals in the first group were sheared, while those in the second group were kept without sheared , however, the animals in each group were randomly divided into three sub-groups according to the Vit. E administration level, each sub-group contain 6 animals. All animals were fed on the basic diet fed animals of the Animal Resource Fields with a rate of 2.5% B.W., in addition roughages were continuously offered along the experimental period. The aims of this experiment are to know the effect of shearing and Vit. E administration for reducing the stress and its effect on body weight, weight gains and feed consumption
Factorial design ( 2×3 ) of complete randomized design was used to study the effect of both factors on the studied traits. Duncan's ( 1955 ) multiple range test was used to detect the differences among different groups and sub-group mean using SAS ( 2004 ) program. The results revealed the followings:
• Shearing and Vit. E administration caused an improved in the performance of lambs ( body weight, daily and total gain ) particularly in those of using Vit. E ( 400 ) group, in spite of the positive effect of shearing and Vit. E administration for reducing the effect of stress on improving lamb performance and best level of Vit. E was 400 mg.
• Shearing had an effect on feed consumption due to an increase in feed consumed during summer months compared with winter months, this indicate that the effect of shearing on reducing the effect of stress during summer and stimulated the animals to consume more feed staff.

This study was conducted at Animal Field, Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University for the period from 16th June 2012 up to 8th May 2013, to know the effect of shearing and Vit. E administration to reduce heat stress and to study their effect on the productive traits of Awassi lambs in the middle of Iraq. In this experiment , thirty six Awassi male lambs at the age of three months and average body weight of 22.0 kg. These animals were divided into two groups ( 18 each ), the animals in the first group were sheared, while those in the second group were kept without sheared , however, the animals in each group were randomly divided into three sub-groups according to the Vit. E administration level(0 ,200 and 400 mg), each sub-group contain 6 animals. All animals were fed on the basic diet fed animals of the Animal Resource Fields with a rate of 2.5% B.W., in addition roughages were continuously offered along the experimental period.
Factorial design ( 2×3 ) of complete randomized design was used to study the effect of both factors on the studied traits. Duncan's ( 1955 ) multiple range test was used to detect the differences among different groups and sub-group mean using SAS ( 2004 ) program. The results revealed the followings:
• Shearing and Vit. E administration had not significant effect on live body weight at slaughter , empty body weight hot and cold dressing percentages in spite of the positive effect of shearing and Vit. E administration for reducing the effect of stress on improving lamb performance and best level of Vit. E was 400 mg.
• Rib eye muscle area, fat thickness and physical separation of contents were not significantly different between animal groups in spite of the animals those administrated with Vit. E showed lower fat deposit and higher rib eye muscle area values, this indicate that shearing and Vit. E administration could reduce the effect of stress and improve the ability of stress resistance.
• No differences in the weight of internal organs observed between animal groups , also the stress had no effect on their percentage weight due to shearing and Vit. E administration.

The active compound (caffeine) was isolated from dry leaves of green tea Camellia sinensis , and the isolation confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, UV/VIS scanning spectrophotometer UV and High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC. The caffeine purity was identified by comparing with standard caffeine, the lethal dose LD50 of the caffeine was 125mg/kg after 48 hours of dosage, The results showed the effect of different concentrations of the active compound (caffeine), on the histological changes of the infected mice colon, and on the number of cysts that released with the feces daily for 7 days, these results showed that the infected colon of the treated mice were either recovered to the normal histological condition, or an increase in the number of under laying cells, secretion of high quantities of mucin and few leaching of inflammatory cells. The first concentration of caffeine, showed significant effect in reducing the number of the released cysts among the three concentrations of caffeine, as the percentage of the released cysts after treatment (31.25 %, 50.00% and 81.25%) respectively.

This study included production of functional drinks from water extracts of some medicinal herbs, comprised ginger, cinnamon, fenugreek and roselle, then microbial tests was conducted upon them. These tests were studied when benzoate was added after manufacturing and after two periods of storage (four month and six month) on three temperatures: 4-7C◦ (refrigerator), 25-30C◦ (room) and 40C◦ (incubator). microbial content for drinks samples also were studied without benzoate after manufacturing directly and after six month at three conditions of storage mentioned above. microbial content involved: total plate count, coliform count, yeasts and molds, there was no colony formation for all microbes after drinks preparation in samples containing and non-containing benzoate while formation of microbial colonies was occurred for all microbes except the coliform bacteria during the three conditions of storage. Results also included the influence of the produced drinks on inhibition of bacteria: (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) by using well diffusion method. the highest diameter rate of inhibition halos was for the cinnamon drink against Ps.aeroginosa bacteria amounted to 11.0 mm, E. coli showed higher sensitivity toward roselle drink, its inhibition halo diameter amounted to 11.1mm, while fenugreek drink didn't show any inhibition activity, or it wasn't clear against of the tested bacteria. Diagnosis of chemical compounds in the produced drinks by GC-MS technique revealed that they consist important compounds such as: volatile oils, terpenes , alkaloids, phenols, organic acid and others.

Study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science - Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tikrit, to investigate some effects of the vitamin C , vitamin E , zinc , selenium and Soy protein on some of physiological and biochemical parameter in blood serum of male rabbits that treated by Cholesterol at the dose 400 mg / kg ration for 60 days .
Results showed that the treatment with cholesterol alone had a negative effect with significant decrease on Total protein , Albumin , Globulin with significant increase ,in Uric acid ,Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P≤0.05).body weight also result showed abnormal Histological change and negative affect in the liver and kidney .Administration of vitamin C, vitamin E, Zinc, Selenium and soy protein post cholesterol treatment gave a significant increase in (TP),Albumin ,Globulin, normal body weight and a significant decrease in uric acid, (ALT) , (AST) , (ALP) and positive improvement in liver and kidney.

The current study was designed to find out preventive and therapeutic effect of the grapefruit juice Citrus paradise and watercress Eruca sativa and whey protein against harmful effects of exposure to the gamma dose (5 RIM X-ray , 76 KV dose).
Seventy five animals 2-3 mon , 750-950 g were randomized in to 15 groups of 5 rabbits each and were treated as below (1) no treatment (control) (2) exposed to radiation Kama Ɣ-ray only group, (3) X-ray only, (4) grape fruit juice + X-ray, (5) X-ray + grapefruit juice, (6) Watercress group + X-ray, (7) X-ray + watercress, (8) whey protein + X-ray, (9) X-ray + whey protein, (10) Grapefruit juice + Ɣ-ray, (11) Ɣ-ray + grapefruit juice, (12) watercress + Ɣ-ray, (13) Ɣ-ray + watercress, (14) whey protein + Ɣ -ray, ( 15) Ɣ -ray + whey protein. The results showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in the creatinine Malondialdehyde, Peroxi nitrite level Alanine-amino Trans frase ALT Aspartat- Aspartate-amino Trans frase AST activities.
And significant reduction in the Glutathione (GSH) level also abnormal histological changes in liver after radiation with Ɣ-ray and X-ray exposure.
Administration of citrus paradisi juice , Eruca sativa leaves and whey protein powder before or post Ɣ –ray and X-ray exposure gave asignificant decrease in the creatinine malondialdehyde , peroxinitrite level , ALT AST activites and asignificant in creas in (GSH) level with a high improvement in liver. so this study improved the importance of this foods in radiation therapy.

A total of random samples of yogurt : 2 replicate sample locally yogurt- from dairy shops .They were collected from seven different areas in Sulymainiyh city was {Raniya A1, Bazjan A2, Halibjah A3, Seid Sadiq A4 , Banjeuen A5, Jamjamal A6, and Ahrbt A7} .The collected samples were examined for monitoring the levels of some heavy metals (lead , cadmium, copper and Nickel ) and physic – chemical such as Acidity titration and pH to ensure the availability of such products for consumption . From the results achieved in the present investigation , it is evident that most of the local yogurt samples were contaminated with copper was highest available compared with rest of contaminant, and Cadmium it is very trace available and these disagreed EC with copper available and the percentage of the copper that exceeded 0.1 , 0.34 , 0.94 , 0.44 , 0.20 , 0.30 and 0.76 (mglL) , While the EC accreditation was pointed that firmly 0.4(μgl L ) . the other rest components were permissible limit and these result was Excellent comparing with same surveys in middle and southern Iraq .

The aim of the research is to determine the level of performance of agricultural extension staff in the agricultural sections of the Directorate of Agriculture Salahuddin . As well as, to identify the correlation between the level of performance and some independent variables. and, to recognize the level of similarity between the respondents in the agricultural departments according to the average performance.
The research community, are all staff in the agricultural sections (the 14) Agricultural Division, we chose a random sample rate (60%) of the agricultural sections numbered (8) sections, then selected by a random sample (50%) with a volume (42) Researched of the total workers in the agricultural departments and elector's staff (84) employees. Thus, we used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data from respondents, which is included two parts: The first related to part with information to measure of some personal variables consisted of the second part 32 standard paragraph to measure the level of performance of the respondents having made sure of the virtual reliability to form questionnaire was measured stability in a way retail midterm where was (0.86(.
The results showed that the level of performance of the respondents average, and found positive moral link between the level of performance and all of the number of years of extension service variables relationship at the level of probability of 0.01 and the number of years of career service and sources of relevant information and job satisfaction and competence at the level of probability of 0.05 and the positive relationship not significant with academic achievement variable , also found similarities between the respondents in the level of their performance in the agricultural staff, research recommended staff need to provide agricultural extension information and specialized expertise necessary to raise the level of their performance of the business and guidance tasks assigned to them, And the need for attention to extension staff working in the agricultural people which results showed a slight decrease in the level of their performance and the final stages of clustering analysis and the provision of material and moral support to them.

In this research the demand Function of chicken was studied for time series from (1981) to (2007) , and it is found that the disposable income had positive significant effect , the price of this commodity has negative significant effect , the price of the complementary commodious had insignificant effect for chicken meant , and positive significant of fish price , the income elasticity of demand for time series
analysis mounted to (0.754) and the marginal propensity of consumption mounted to (0.323) , and for the econometrical analysis of cross-sectional data for (380) families in salah-aldeen governorate the demand function for this commoditied was studied too , the income elasticity mounted to (0.981) and the mpc mounted to (0.97). it was recommend in this research , to expand the agri-loans , and subsidize the price of concentrated forage , inorder ensure this commodious for the Iraqi-consumer with the limite of concentration .

Chicken meat is one of the important goods in the Iraqi individual\'s food basket, as well as an important source of the animal protein, and a source of calories in the food of human. The results of the studies which are concerned with this field are important sources to planning for the production, as well as in price policymaking, in order to improve the individual\'s food level, by the variables that correspond to the food consumption patterns in quality and quantity, to the best, in a form that corresponds to the individual\'s income and the levels of food goods prices; as well as the variation of taste, and the social and economic status of the Iraqi individual.
The researcher conducts an economic and standard analysis for the consumed quantities of chicken meat, and estimates the required quantity of this good for the Iraqi individual for (1990-2013), based on the above-mentioned time series data collected by ministry of agriculture, ministry of planning, and the central system for analysis. The cross section data were collected by questionnaires prepared for 500 families in Salah Al-Deen province, Digit percentage amount of 0.16% of the total number of households amounting to 315,000 thousand families, in rural and urban areas, to study the relation between consumption and income in the province. The questionnaires were distributed on the areas according to the population density of each area, as well as according to the field trips there that time. The general indicator of the total annual production of chicken meat was measured in this study; it was positive, nearly 8%; while the rise of total consumption of chicken meat was nearly 15.9% annually.
The food gap between the domestic production and the total consumption rises nearly by (10677.54) tons annually throughout the period of the study; it is considered as a negative indicator for the administration of poultry sector in Iraq. The researcher recommends the necessity of paying attention to the production of poultry in Iraq, with the developmental needs; as well as supporting the prices of chicken meat in a certain rate to increase the supplied quantities. He also recommends the necessity of supporting the modern poultry farming requirements of poultry production for the breeders,

The objectives of this study are to analyses the impact of price policy on wheat production in Iraq through its efficiency in resource allocation using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) technique. This study depends basically on primary data collected from a random sample consisted of 115 farms, The sample has been divided into three subclasses, the first one area was less than 50 donum consisted of 64 farms, the second one area was between 50 – 100 donum and consisted of 33 farm, the third one area was more than 100 donum and consisted of 18 farm. The objective of this study is to analyses the measure of the competitiveness of wheat production in Iraq. The results of this study showed that the price policy used by government was encouraging producers in short run and also showed that wheat production had large support from government while inputs were not subsidized, the study also showed that private profits were more than social profits. Results also showed that wheat production in Iraq has a comparative advantage and internationally competitive. Finally the study arrived at some conclusions and recommendations according to conclusions.