Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

A field experiment was conducted on the vegetable field - Horticulture department – College of Agriculture -Abu Graib , Tomato cultivated (Hybrid Jenan) in spring season of 2012 , A factorial experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates , phosphate fertilizer was applied from Tri calcium phosphate source on four levels (0,40,80 and 120 Kg P.ha-1 ) ,three levels (0 , 6 and 12 ton .ha-1 ) of organic matter (composted ground corn cobs ) and two levels of biofertilizer , Mycorrhizae source (G. mossea ) (without ,with), All fertilizers was added in soil mixture . Results showed a high significant increase with the increase in phosphate and organic fertilization and inoculation on dry matter for shoot system (stems and leaves for tomato plants) in the three growth periods (flowering ,early yield and last cutting ) .The level 80 kg P.h-1 and 6 ton.ha-1 with mycorrhizae inoculation was the best on shoot dry matter ,It was achieved (35.87 and 86.88) g.plant-1dry weight , but the level 80 kg P.ha-1 and 12 ton.ha-1 with mycorrhizae inoculation in the second periods was the best and achieved 92.13 g.plant-1dry weight . Results showed that concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus were the highest on the level 80kg P.ha-1 and 6 ton.ha-1 with mycorrhizae inoculation the high percentage for nitrogen concentration were 67.74% ,83.33% and 87.85 % for the three periods compared to that of control , and phosphorus concentrations were 91.67% , 260.00 and 200.00% to all periods compared to that of control ,and potassium concentration were (2.52 , 2.31 and 1.94)%to all growth periods compared to that of control .The results showed the highest dry weight of fruit was in the treatment 80kg P.ha-1 and 12 ton.ha-1 with mycorrhizae inoculation which was 10.58 g.friut-1 dry weight , while the treatment 80kg P.ha-1 and 6ton.ha-1 with mycorrhizae inoculation was the best in percentage of percent total acidity of fruit and its solid which were achieved 0.72% and 14.30 kg . cm-3 .

This experiment was designed to study the allelopathic effect of durum wheat (Triticum durum) variety Cymmit, Barley (Hordeum vulgare) variety Acsad 14 and Oat (Avena sativa) variety Narimski on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety Aras in mixed culture using Equal Agar Compartment Method as a new procedure to exclude any competition effect. Results indicated the significant effect of root exudates of the three studies crop plants that affect the elongation and dry weight of Bread wheat variety Aras seedlings when compared to pure stand culture in such a way that durum wheat caused lowest radicle length while Oat crop root exudates minimized all recorded data. It was obvious that allelochemicals from studied crop seedlings root exudates caused the reduction in the recorded data of bread wheat seedlings under no-competition and no-nutrient environment that was created in the Equal Agar Compartment Method.

This study was conducted (153 hens and 24 roosters) of broiler breeder (Ross-308) at age 60 weeks. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of utilization of different levels of ZnO and addition of vitamin AD3E on concentration of Zn in the eggs components and egg fertility and hatchability percentage traits of Ross-308 broiler breeder hens at the 60 weeks of age. The experimental treatments were (T1: Control diet [without adding (ZnO) and vit. (AD3E)], T2: T1 + 2 g/kg of vit. (AD3E), T3: T1 + 25000 ppm of (ZnO), T4: T1 + 25000 ppm (ZnO) + 2 g/kg vit. (AD3E), T5: T1 + 30000 ppm (ZnO), T6: T1 + 30000 ppm (ZnO) + 2 g/kg vit. (AD3E), T7: T1 + 35000 ppm of (ZnO) and T8: T1 + 35000 ppm (ZnO) + 2 g/kg vit. (AD3E). The results obtained from this study were summarized as: The effects of interactions between treatments and age periods significantly (P<0.01) affected zinc concentration in the yolk and albumin of eggs and fertility (F) and total egg hatchability (TEH) percentage traits, but there are no significant effect on fertile egg hatchability (FEH) trait. The data were analyzed statistically by using tow-way of ANOVA with (SPSS-17 Package Program for Windows). Least Significant Difference tests (L.S.D) were used to determine the significance of difference among treatments means. Level of significance used in all results was (P<0.01) and all percentage data were converted Arcsines prior to analysis.

A field experiment was conducted on the vegetable field - Horticulture department – College of Agriculture -Abu Graib , Tomato cultivated (Hybrid Jenan) in spring season of 2012 , with three replicates ,phosphate fertilizer was added from Tri super phosphate source on four levels (0,40,80 and 120 Kg P.ha-1 ) ,three levels (0 , 6 and 12 ton .ha-1 ) from organic matter (ground corn cobs composting )and two levels of biofertilizer ,Mycorrhizae source (G. mossea ) (without ,with), A factorial experiment with randomized complete block design ,All fertilizers was added in soil mixture. Results showed A high significant increase with the increase in phosphate and organic fertilization and inoculation on dry matter for root system in the three growth periods (flowering ,early yield and last cutting season) with percentage 269.17%, 156.16% and 196.55 % but the best level on nitrogen concentration in the roots was 80kg P.ha-1 and12 ton.ha-1 with mycorrhizae inoculation and high values achieved (2.28,1.69and 1.14)% to growth periods respectively and in the fruit 2.17%, for the same level of phosphor concentration in the roots with high values achieved (0.15 ,0.08 and 0.11 ) % for growth periods, respectively . While for fruit it was 0.48% . Potassium concentration in the root system on the first period the best level 40kg P.ha-1 and 6 ton.ha-1 with mycorrhizae inoculation and high values achieved 2.32%,while the second and third periods a high values achieved 1.67 % and 1.93 % to two periods respectively ,while in the fruit the value was 5.45%.

A laboratory study have been conducted to investigate the influence of sprinkler water droplets energy generated from nozzles with two flow rates (9 and 15 mm.hr-1) on soil aggregates and the displacement of soil particles in some gypsifereous soil samples. Five soil samples with different gypsum contents were prepared by mixing between low and high gypsum content soil samples. These soils were sampled from AP and C of profile horizons. The prepared soil samples of different gypsum contents were G0 (83), G1 (133), G2 (211), G3 (472) and G4 (592) gm.kg-1. After the incubation of the prepared for two months, the soil samples were passed through sieves of 2 and 4 mm openings to obtain soil aggregates ranged between 2- 4mm diameters. The soil aggregates were packed with a 6 mm thickness (13 gm) in a plastic tube underlined by pure sand with 26 cm length and an inner diameter of 5 cm. The tubes were placed in a moveable circular base with a 60 cm diameter and a circumference of 188.4 cm. The soil sample tubes were distributed randomly with a 37.6 cm separating distance separating. Each tube sets were subjected to 9 and 15 mm.h-1 sprinkler flow rates. The droplets size distribution for each sprinkler flow rate was studied as well as the droplets energy.The results showed that the droplets energy were increased with increasing droplets size and sprinkler flow rate. Maximum droplet energy was obtained with 1.5 mm droplet diameter, while the minimum droplet energy was obtained with 0.18 mm. Silt and clay transportation were decreased with increasing soil gypsum content under the two sprinkler flow rates. The high flow rate sprinkler was more effective on silt and clay transporting.

In order to determine the effect of the lack of irrigation and mulch in water consumption use and yield of potatoes under gypsiferous soil conditions in spring season in 2013 at experimental station of soil and water resources department, college of Agriculture, Tikrit university. The experimental design was split plot in three replicates. The main plots were irrigation treatment (I), and sub plots were no mulch (C1) and mulch with wheat straw (C2). The treatments were as follows: for no mulch full irrigation (control), C1I1, the deficit irrigation treatment included omitting two irrigations at vegetative growth C1I2, tuber initiation C1I3 and tuber bulking and maturation C1I4. For the mulch, The treatments were (C2I1, C2I2, C2I3 and C2I4) for four treatments, respectively. The mulch was spread on the soil surface of 12 ton ha-1. Potato tubers, Rudolph variety were planted on 3-2-2013 for spring season and harvested on 20-6-2013. Reached values ETa for potato was (345 and 338 mm/season) for full irrigation with the no mulch and the mulch, respectively. Whears the values of ETa for deficit irrigations were reduced to (419-428 mm/season) for the no mulch, and (326-330 mm/season) for the mulch conditions. The value of the Reference ET0 estimated using the equation Penman- Monteith adjusted higher than
the rate of ETa values in the cases of no mulch and mulch (688, 426 and 330 mm/season) respectively. Mulch treatment caused higher water saving as compared with no mulch conditions. The amounts reached (22.3, 22.9, 22.3 and 22.1%) for full irrigation, and deficit irrigation in vegetative growth, tuber initiation and tuber bulking and maturation, respectively. Maximum value of KC was 1.1 in full and deficit irrigation treatments under no mulch compared with 0.84 for full irrigation under mulch conditions. significant decrease in tuber yield was found in deficit irrigation vegetative growth and tuber initiation stage with mulch. The yield was (12.6 and 12.3 ton ha-1) respectively compared with (14.0 ton ha-1) for full irrigation. On the other hand, deficit irrigation showed no effect on yield in tuber bulking stage. The non mulch treatment showed the same behavior, No significant differences in yield was found for no mulch (13.2 ton ha-1) and mulch (14.5 ton ha-1).

The aim of this experiment to find the optimum levels of fertilizer to elemental nitrogen and phosphorus for wheat grown in a gypsiferous soil (Field of college of Agriculture / Tikrit University).A factorial experiment was conducted in the season 2012-2013 to grow wheat variety ( Sham 6 ),in a Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replicates . The Experiment consisted of tow factors viz: nitrogen fertilization and phosphorus fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in five levels of N viz: (160, 200, 240, 280 and 320 k g N. ha-1) symbolized as ( N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5 )as urea (46N%) at two equal doses the first was at cropping and the second was at tillering stage. Phosphate fertilizer was applied in five levels of P viz: (20, 40, 60 , 80 and 100 kg P ha-1 )symbolized as ( P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 ).as triple superphosphate TSP (21% P). Potassium was applied before cropping at a rate (160 kg k. ha-1 ) as potassium sulfate K2SO4 (43% K) to all experimental units equally. Yield components charterers had studied,The interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer caused a significant increase in grain yield. The highest grain yield was( 4282 kg grain ha-1 )at the treatment N4P5 , which did not differ from N4P4, the treatment N5P5 was superior in straw yield Which was (9812 kg straw ha-1 ), which did not differ significantly with treatment N4P4 and N4P5,The increase in grain yield came from the effect of No. of spikes m -2 and weight of 1000 grain g-1 and No of grains per spike -1 .

Six inbred lines of Corn (SH, IK8, IK58, OH40, UN44052 and ZP105) and their half diallel crosses with two control crosses (SHAHD- local and ZP6OO –Introduct ) were used in this study , Seeds of these crosses were planted in three plant spaces between holls ( 15 ,20 and 25 cm ) by using RCBD in split plots system with three replicates at one site of a farmer in Baije province farmer – salahaldeen governments at autumn season of 2013. Data were recorded about : Time of male and female flowering ,Height of the plant, Height of upper ear ,Leaf area , Length of the ear, No.of ear rows, No. of grains in the row,weight of 300 grains and Yield of single plant with the Percentage of oil and protein characters. Data were analyzed statistically to evaluate parents and their crosses , and best plant space between the plants .Results showed non-significant differences between plant spaces for studied characters except weight of 300 grains ,single plant yield and Percentage of oil and protein .plant space (25 cm) which called lowest density caused increasing in single plant yield and protein percentage to high level standering with other densities, while caused raise in weight of 300 grains and oil percentage which decreased by higher densities. There were highly significant differences between parents and first filial crosses and control crosses for all characters. The interaction between crosses and plant spaces was significant also at 1% level of prob. except ear length character . which was significant at 5% level of prob. and non-significant for number of ear rows . The cross (IK58xZP105) surpassed on other crosses and two control crosses by five characters ( Height of two plant and ear , length of the ear , weight of 300 grains and single plant yield). The cross (SH x IK58) surpassed in male and female flowering and oil percentage and the cross (SHxUN44052 ) surpassed for plant height and ear length characters ,the cross (ZP105x IK58) surpassed for leaf area character by plant space (15 cm ) and the cross (SH x ZP105) surpassed for two characters of number of grains in the row and single plant yield which included the space (20 cm ).

A field experiment was carried out in fields of College of Agriculture-University of Tikrit during Summer season 2013, The experiment was included two factors, first :six genotypes ( Coker 310,Lachata , Dunn-1047 , Montana , Dise and W888 ) while second factor was: three treatments of topping (without topping , topping after 40 days from planting and topping after 60 days from planting ) aimed to study topping process for six genotypes of upland cotton and it is effect on the qualitative characters of genotypes . using R. C. B. D. design as a split plot arrangement with three replicates ,the genotypes were as a main plot and treatments of topping were as a sub plot. The results showed: The genotypes were significantly differed in most characters except : elongation , uniformity ratio ,and good cotton percentage, While effect of topping process was significant just in finness and maturity percentage characters . The interaction between genotypes and treatments of topping was significant for all characters except: elongation and good cotton percentage.

The objective of the present investigation was to estimate genetic variance components and type of gene action controlling seed cotton yield and its components from other characters (number of fruiting branches, plant height, number of vegetative branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index and lint index) of two crosses among upland cotton varieties, Alexander, Montana and Lachata, which was, the first (Alexander x Montana) and the second (Alexander x Lachata), by means of the six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) with two models, the first was (additive – dominance) and the second was (additive – dominance – epistasis). Chi square test was used to identify the adequacy of the first model, as well as the least squares method adopted in estimating the effects in both models. The results revealed that the estimated mean effects (m) were significant for all characters in both crosses, indicated that these characters quantitatively inherited. The additive – dominance model was adequate for number of fruiting branches, plant height, number of vegetative branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index and lint index in both crosses, therefore epistasis was not important in the inheritance of these characters. Dominance gene effects were relatively more important than additive one in the inheritance of all characters in both crosses except boll weight and seed index in the second cross. Broad sense heritability varied from 15.89% for plant height in the first cross to 99.927% for the same character in the second cross. The additive genetic correlations of plant height and number of bolls per plant with seed cotton yield per plant was positive and significant in both crosses, indicating the possibility of using these two characters in improving yield.

Tow experiments ( Tillage and zero-Tillage) were carried out during 2013-2014 on land sown with corn in previous season. The treatment of corn remainder which added to plots of each experiment include( 0,3,6 and 9 t.h-1) .Each experiment plots was sown wheat var. Sham-6 by using R.C.B.D with three replicates. The leaf area ,flag leaf area, plant dry wheat after( 30,60 and 90 days) after emergence , absolute growth, net photosynthesis and crop characters growth were studied .
Results showed a significant differences among treatments in each experiment and in combined analysis. Locations ( experiments) were significantly differed in all characters studied characters. There was on significant interaction between locations and treatments.
Control treatment gave the lowest values in all characters and both experiments ,and values gradually raised until the treatment 6 t.h-1 level. The treatment 6 t.h-1level was surpassed other treatments in both experiments and all characters . Values of all characters were reduced in the level of 9 t.h-1 in comparison with 6 t.h-1 treatment in both experiments and in combined analysis . The location zero tillage was surpassed for all characters .

Four fungal isolates related to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.capsici including (F.o.c 1, F.o.c 2 , F.o.c 3 and F.o.c4) were isolated and identified from infected pepper plants in some Salah Aldin governorate regions for the study of intraction between biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum (T.h) and mycorhizal fungus Glomus mossae (G.m) in fusarium wilt disease on some pepper cultivars,. Although the pathogensis was conducted on all F.o.c isolates using pot experiments, F.o.c 2 was the most pathogenesis superior in infection percentage resulting in 72.6 , 81.4 and 79.3% in hot Ic stevert ,Mandaran F1 and cold local cultivars, respectively.in addition the higher infection severity was recorded by the same isolate (F.o.c2) resulting in 0.78 , 0.81 and 0.84 in these cultivars , respectively.the field experiment was carried out in Agriculture college, Tiktit university during 2012-2013 for the intraction between biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum (T.h) and mycorhizal fungus Glomus mossae (G.m) in fusarium wilt disease on some pepper cultivars, the results showed that both T.h+ G.m reduce the infection percentage and disease severity from( 69.0%, 0.76) , (80%, 0.784) and (76%, 0.83) in the infected hot Ic stevert ,Mandaran F1 and cold local cultivars to (20.5%,0.184),(26%,0.203) and (22.5%,0.254) in these infected cultivars when treated with (T.h+G.m), respectively. The results also showed a significant superior in improvement of some growth parameters including shoot and root dry weight in T.h , G.m and (T.h+G.m) treatments in both infected and non-infected plants in all studied cultivars , this improvement reflect to significant superior in cultivars productivity, the maximum yield was increase from 97, 175 and 74.3 g dryer fruits/plant in the infected Ic stevart, mandaran F1, and local cultivars to 372,411 and 373 g dryer fruits /plant in the same infected cultivar when treated with (T.h+G.m) respectively.

As for reducing the number of insects emerging and increasing the percentage of reduction of the first-generation members of the superiority of sandstone powder on the rest of the powders inert 106, 54.2, respectively, also exceed sandstone powder on the rest of the powders inert to reduce the percentage of the damage and the guide hole licorice has ratio were 63.5, 50.1 respectively , to reduce the percentage of weight loss in the superiority of sandstone powder on the rest of the powder has reached 30.35% the percentage of germination of superiority clay stone powder on the rest of the powders, and a rate of 95.0%.

The research include studiny of traits of sex chromatin within white blood cells (neutrophiles) and the relationship with some of the traits growth and milk production on 27 of local ewes Awassi at 3rd &4 th production season . The study has been revealed that The percentage of drum stick (D), sessile nodule (SN), teardrop (T) and small club (SM) figures were 23.67, 54.25, 12.5 and 9.58 % respectively. The study find out that there is a Significant variance in weaning weight and the average of weight increase for the period from the birth to weaning with variation of sex chromatin figure . there is a Significant effect of sex chromatin figures on the daily average of milk production and the total for drum stick. .

A total of 445 serum samples were collected from sheep before slaughtering sheep in seven geographic area in Salah El-Deen province between March 2009 and April 2010 in order to investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis by using latex agglutination test-LAT and study the effect of toxoplasmosis to the liver enzyme in infected group.
The results show that the total prevalence rate of the antibodies was 46.29%, and this percentage was differ according to the region. The highest percentage appeared in Samara 61.54%,while the lowest was Al-Mutassim 35.90% and the rates of prevelance in other geographic area were 48.49%, 56%, 50% and 36% in Al-delwea , Al-Jazera, Balad, Al-Alem and Beji respectively.
The results show significant increased in the activity of ALP [41.40±13.41]U/L and AST [86.44±33.96]U/L in infected sheep while the levels of ALT, total protein, albumin, uric acid, blood urea, Na+ and K+ not effected by the infection with toxoplasmosis.

The aims of this research is to estimate the total cost function for long- run for wheat crop by using cross-sectional data for a sample of producers in Al-dour district in Salahaldin province during( 2012-2013) productive season, long-run average total cost function (LRATC) was derived from estimated total cost function. The( LRATC) function showed that the least-cost farm output is (1039.38 kg/don) and (97.4 don) for wheat respectively. The optimal area is higher than actual area planted by crop . Thus the producers are recommended to expand their planted area in order to minimize their production costs, the economies efficiency mounted to(58 % )in wheat farms from number of farms work with in economies efficiency area ,and most of the farmers were centering in the economics of Scale which was ( 84.8%) from number farms that test them the study , for the diseconomy of Scale that centering in (15.2%)from number the farm in it ,therefore We recommendate that the best watering can achieve a higher throughput capacity of the sprayer is (120 don) and neglect sprays other.

This study was conducted in the fields of Rashidiya Station / Animal resources Research Division , Department of Agricultural Research in the province of Nineveh , as used ten cows ( six local Sharabi cows and four cross breed Sharabi cows ) close in dates of lambing and different in the parity ( third and fourth ) by ages 5.10 ± 0.17 years , to studying the effect of genetic group and parity in the concentration of urea and milk production in cows and its components Sharabeya cow and their cross . The cows fed on diet contained 40 % black barley , 44% wheat , 8% soyabean meal ( SBM) and, 6% yellow corn , 1% limestone and 1% NaCl . The results indicated that the daily milk production and the ratios of milk compositions ( fat , protein , solids SNF and total solids ) was significantly affected (P < 0.05) by genetic group , while there was no any significant effect genetic group of the blood urea concentration and milk while the parity effect (P < 0.05) to the concentration of urea ( blood and milk) and daily milk production and the fat percentage was also correlated positively and significantly (P < 0.01) with the concentration of urea milk production , and between the fat percentage (P < 0.05) and each of the protein , lactose and solids SNF and total solids and correlation negative and significant (P < 0.05) between milk production and fat percentage It also found correlation positively and significantly (P < 0.01) between blood urea , all of the total milk production and milk urea