Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

Abstract :
Leuconostoc mesenteroids was isolated from molasses obtained from Mosul sugar factory as a byproduct, using the morphological. The Leuconostoc mesenteroids antimicrobial substances were extracted and purified by centerfuge force with the aid of chloroform, methanol, and acetone. The results showed that the rate of the growth of bacteria increased with the increase in the incubation period, the total number of bacteria reached 115 * 10 cfu/ml after 24 hours of incubation and then the number decreased after 48 hours to 47 * 10 cfu/ml.. In case of the production of inhibition substances, it appeared that the inhibiting substances continued to increase with incubation, the diameter of the inhibition zone for Staph. aureus was 10 mm. after 24 hours and increased to 12 mm. after 48 hours. Results also showed, that the heat treatments at 60, 80, and 100 c for 30 seconds were not affective on the inhibition , the inhibition zones stayed more or less stable, the zones for the used temperatures were 11, 9, and 7 mm. respectively. With regard to the effect of pH, it appeared that the most effective pH value was pH 5which resulted in an inhibition of 12 mm. The test bacteria showed different response to the inhibiting substances, Staph aureus was the most sensitive, were as E. coli was the most resistant to inhibition, the dimeter of the zones for both were 12 and 5 respectively. The inhibition for the other test bacteria; B. subtilus , Proteus bulgares and Salmonella typhi were 10, 6, 6 mm. respectively. In conclusion, the use of Leuconostoc merenteroids in fermented dairy product could be beneficial in elongating the shelf life of the products due to the production of the inhibiting substances which are affective to many pathogenic bacteria especially in fermented milk ,sour cream cottage cheese and ice cream.

Abstract
Results showed that separation of gluten using gel filteration chromatography on sephadex G-200 gave four fractions (peaks). The first fraction eluted in the void volume and it contained (28.32, 12.47, 12.08 and 11.28)% of total glutens of Um-Al-Rabee/5, Korvilla, Wahat Al-Iraq and Al-Ibrahimia respectively. The first fraction presented glutenin of molecular weight more than 200000 dalton whereas the other three fractions presented glutenins of low molecular weight and gliadins of low molecular weight. Wahat Al-Iraq showed an increasing of free sulfahydryl groups (0.327 × 10-4) molar/gm protein as compared to standard gluten and gluten of other varieties. Al-Ibrahimia gluten contained the highest total sulfahydryl groups (7.350 × 10-4) molar/gm protein and disulfide bonds (3.593 × 10-4) molar/gm protein.Result indicated an increasing of total pentosans in Al-Ibrahimia (2.2%) and Korvilla (2.15%). Um-Al-Rabee/5 and Wahat Al-Iraq showed no significant differences between their content of total pentosans that were valued (1.85,1.75)%. Water soluble pentosans content showed a significant decreasing in Korvilla (0.71%).Results showed an increasing of amylase activity measured by dough raising test in Al-Ibrahimia variety.The values were (35 and 37)cm3 at (60 and 90) minutes of fermentation period, respectively. Results of amylase activity which measured by maltose figure method found to be close to other. Novo method revealed decreasing of enzymatic activity of durum wheat varieties

Abstract :
This study was to know the effect of consumption of fenugreek seed dry or germinated on sugar and blood fat level in the white rat (Sprague-Dawley) age (7) weeks and weighing 100-120 gm. The animal's experimentation randomly dividable in to three groups by (6) rats per group. Treated first group (control) fed with standard food free of cholesterol and dry fenugreek seed. The second group fed with diet weighted containing 10% dry fenugreek seed and 0.26% cholesterol. The third group was treated fed on weighted food containing 10% germinated fenugreek seed and 0.26% cholesterol, Continued feeding for 28 days . The result showed that rats which were fed on the foods containing fenugreek seed (dry or germinated) lead to a significant increase in body Wight as all as a decrease in the level of blood sugar , cholesterol and Triglyceride and a decrease in the level of low density lipoprotein and increase high density lipoprotein in the blood .

Abstract :
This study was conducted to investigate the ultrastructure changes in the liver and kidney of rat. After 4 weeks, all treated and untreated animals were killed; the kidney and liver were removed and processed for transmission electron microscopy. As well as the oral doses of heavy elements were caused a pathogenic effect in each liver and kidney so they found necrosis , blood congestion and Infiltrated lymphocytes as well as degeneration in liver , while in kidney leads to damage glomerulus , degeneration and fibers appearance as well as hemorrhage in the kidney

Thirty two sample for 8 different food types were collected from domestic market in Tikrit city . Sample were taken at random manner from street vendor and market in different places at different time . the sample were kept in Laboratory refregerater until they are tested. The Objective of the study were for the detection of microbiological and chemicale quality Paramaters. The rsults showed that the food samples that have been studied had containing bacteria of intestinal is limited to the rang in of between 73× 310 - 44× 710 (C F U / g), while the preparation of bacteria in the Staphylococcus aureus sandwiched ranging between 128× 310 – 23× 710 (C F U / g), And also been diagnosed with a number of intestinal bacteria prevailing in these foods, which include E.coli ,Salmonella,and Staphylococcus aureus More over, the results of the food sample that have been studied ,which were divided in to 4 food groups . Were study the levels concentration of four heavy elements ( Lead pb; Cadmium Cd; and Aluminum Al) .The concentration of the lead in these group of food are ranging from 0.195 - 0.434 (ug / g), while the concentration of Cadmium ranging from 0.153 - 0.266 (ug / g), while the concentration of Aluminum is between 1.021 - 3.022 (ug / g), it was noted that the concentration of each component of lead and cadmium were more highest in the group, of the Vegetable , and aluminum was more highest in the group of the Sweet ,The results also showed that the microbial contents and the heavy metals concentration for the evening samples were high than the concentrations of these parameter in the morning samples. This may be due to the effects of the accumulation values of the samples interval time

Abstract :
This study was conducted for culturing Entamoeba histolytica trophozoit for a long period and immunization of newzealand rabbit with a serum and spleen cell from in fetal one for protect them from amoebic abscess and the effect of immunized serum on trophozoit in vitro.The results revealed that the ability to culture the trophozoit of parasite for period (35) days with viability (50%) immunized animal with immunized serum and spleen cell against amoebic liver abscess gave protection 60% and 66.71% respectively. The viability percentages of trophzoit in vitro when treated with immunized serum 49.67% as compared with the control group 72.33% after 12 hours and in hour 204 the percentage of viability 0.33% as compare with control group 25.33%.

Abstract :
This study was conducted at the animal field , dept . of animal resources, College of agriculture and forestry - mosul university . To investigate the effect of feeding canna indica plants on the productive performance and some blood parameters in awassi lambs . A feeding trial was carried out using 15 growing awassi female lambs of 6 months old of initial weight averaged 28 ±1.30 kg were randomly divided in to 3 equal groups ( 5 animals / each ) and were fed on three rations contains zero % control , 10% and 20% dried canna indica plants for 70 days . Digestibility trial was conducted on ( 6 ) lambs ( 2 lambs from each group) .The results showed insignificant differences were observed among all tested groups in productive performance and feed conversion ratio , mean while feeding costs of diets containing dried canna indica plants lower than in control group . The results also showed no significant differences in nutrient digestibility of D.M , OM ,CP , CF , EE , NFE and blood picture parameters in all experimental groups .It is concluded that the corporation of dried canna indica plants in the diet of lambs had no adverse effect on productive and animal healths under the condition of the experiment .
concentrations which used in this study .

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of rocket salad seeds powder to the diet on semen traits of roosters subjected to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. A total of 60 Hy – line laying breeder roosters 57 weeks old were used in this study. Roosters were randomly distributed on 5 treatments with 3 replicates each. Each replicate constituted of 4 roosters (12 roosters for each treatment). Experimental treatments were as following: T1: Males fed control diet and normal water, T2: Males fed diet supplemented with 3 gm rocket salad powder / kg of diet + 0.25 ml hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) / litter of water, T3: Males fed diet supplemented with 3 gm rocket salad powder / kg of diet + 0.5 ml hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) / litter of water, T4: Males fed diet supplemented with 3 gm rocket salad powder / kg of diet + 1 ml hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) / litter of water, and T5: Males fed control diet and drink water supplemented with 1 ml hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) / litter of water. Males were treated with hydrogen peroxide (6%) and rocket salad for 12 weeks starting from 59 week of male ages. Hydrogen peroxide was added to the water of T2, T3, T4, and T5 groups twice a day. Semen traits involved in this study were semen volume, mass activity and individual motility of spermatozoa, spermatozoa concentration, spermatocrit, percentages of dead and abnormal spermatozoa. Results revealed that water supplementation with hydrogen peroxide without adding rocket salad powder to the diet of roosters (T5) resulted in significant deterioration as regards all semen traits included in this study as compared with T1. However, supplementing the diet of roosters subjected to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide with rocket salad seeds powder (T2, T3, and T4) resulted in significant improvement concerning all semen traits involved in this experiment in comparison with T5 group. In conclusion, adding rocket salad powder to the ration of roosters could limit to a considerable extent the damages on semen quality that originate from oxidative stress.

Abstract
The research has been applied on (70)Mouse females related to (Balb/C) age from(10-12) weeks , and their weight (19-25)g. As well as (7) of white mice males had used after being tested as fertile to do the mating : The mice had been divided in to three groups depending on the number of estrus cycle . Where as , the group (A) included female in the first estrus cycle . While the group (B) included females in the second estrus cycle.The group(C) included females in the third estrus cycle with (20) mice females for each group ,and these groups had been re-divided in to two sub-group for each one depending on the given dose to (10) mice females for each sub-group, where the first group has been given the dose (50)mg/kg from the body weight of watery extract for roots of Salvadora persica,While the second sub0group has been given (100)mg/kg of watery extract for roots of Salvadora persica for all groups above all the period of experience.The Concentration of sexual hormones have been estimated and count of numbers of breedings and the weights of breedings , and the numbers of corporus lutei and the percentage of fertility to know the effect of the watery extract for roots of Salvadora persica on the function and efficiency of reproductive system of mice females . The results of the research showed significant decrease of number of breedings, corporus lutei and fertility percentage of the examined groups as compared with control group , while , has not found any slight differences in the weights of the breedings for all groups as compared with control group ,The concentrations of hormones (FSH, LH ,Estrogen ) has decreased of all groups compared with control group , while the concentration of progesterone has increased in all groups compared with control group , and also the concentration of prolactin has increased in the groups (B,C) compared with control group.

Abstract :
In this study description of the different stages of the beetle L. oryzae was conducted. Study of biological details also was happened under breeding conditions of 35° C. and 70 % humidity. The results showed that the average of pre-oviposition and the incubation periods were 3.4 & 2.0 days respectively the percentage of hatching was 92 %. and the number of eggs / female was 495. The larval stage had eight instars (7 ecdysis). the average of which were: 2.3, 2.3, 2.8. 2.6, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.7 days. The average period of the larval stage was 20.7 days. The duration periods of the pupal stage were 4.4 and 4.9 days for male and female respectively, the female pupa was larger than the male one. The adult beetles lived 195 and 188 days for the male and female beetles respectively. The non-coupled females can oviposit eggs but only few numbers after about 15 days of emergence. The beetle had six generations through its live. The exposure of the different stages of the insect to low temperature degrees showed that it had high sensitive for the freezing degree (zero).and the exposure eggs were dead through 2 days. while the first larval instars was dead after 1 day. and the last instars of which was dead after 4.2 days, while the pupa was dead after 5.2 days. and the adults after 2.7 days. Moreover the different stages of this beetle showed very high sensitivity to the heating degrees especially to 50 and 55°C. The eggs, larvae (first and last instars), pupae and adults were dead after 4.0, 2.7, 4.0, 3.5, and 4.0 hr. respectively when exposures to 50°C. but all stages were died when exposed to the 55ºC after 20, 30, 40, 46 and 54 min. respectively.

By testing the ability of six varieties of tomato (Supermarmads, Rwad p.s., Murjana, Warda, Dhaheb, Rabeaa), and four varieties of the cucumber (Nickerson, Royal, Najm, Rwad) towards the infection of Nematoda root-knot M. javanica, the study found that five varieties of tomato were sensitive to Nematoda infection, according to the average number of knots and damage index ,but the variety Rabeaa was a moderate resistance, with an average number of knots number and damage index (2.333, 5.111), respectively, compared to other varieties studied, The result showed that all varieties studied were sensitive to the infection of Nematoda M. javanica with different degrees ,two varieties (Rwad, Nickerson) were sensitive to a high infection with an average number of knots and damage index (35.7, 8, 60, 8.3) respectively, but the two varieties (Najm, Royal) were susceptible to nematode infection, with an average number of knots and damage index (16, 9.3, 5.3, 6.4), respectively. The result also showed the impact of root-knot Nematoda infection on the growth of tomato and cucumber plants represented by the total weight of the root and wet vegetative as well as plant height, the infection caused a significant decrease of all indicators of growth for tomato varieties studied compared to the control, as well as for all cucumber varieties studied for the average weight of the total wet vegetative and plant height, except Rwad variety , which showed a significant increase in the weight of the total roots of the treatment (0.1967g) compared to the control (0.0800 g) and to the rest varieties studied.

A field experiment was carried out at Field experiments, College of Agriculture/Abu-Graib, University of Baghdad, during season 2007 to study the effect of three foliar application dates viz. (at flowering buds formation, at flowering stage and at boll formation), and three different levels of growth regulators (Pix) i.e. (500, 1000 and 1500 cm3 ha-1) on lint traits and qualitative characters for seed. The results showed that the foliar application dates,(Pix)levels and interaction between them have significant effect on, lint and seed traits. Plant fibers foliar applied with growth regulator at boll formation stage were distinguished by their length, strength and fineness, when the plants were applied at the level of 500 cm3 ha-1 treatment, it produced long, strong, and more rough fibers as compared with 1500 cm3 ha-1 treatment (with short and fine lint). Applying (Pix) at level of 500 cm3 ha-1 at boll formation stage produced longer lint, where 1500 cm3 ha-1 treatment produced fine lint at the same stage. The strongest lint was at flowering buds formation at the level of 1000 cm3 ha-1. The plants seeds where treatment of 1000 cm3 ha-1 was applied at flowering buds stage gave higher oil and protein percentage rates of (24.5 and 22.3%) respectively, on the other hand, they produced the highest oil percentage at flowering stage, while applying at flowering buds formation stage gave highest protein percentage. Highest oil and protein percentage were at applying of 1000 cm3 ha-1 treatment. The saturated fatty acids combination was decreased with foliar application at flowering buds stage offsets increase in unsaturated fatty acids combination. When 500 cm3 ha-1 treatment was applied, there was decreasing saturated fatty acids combination accompanied with increasing in unsaturated fatty acids combination. The level of 1500 cm3 ha-1 treatment at flowering buds formation led to decrease in saturated fatty acids combination (palmitic and stearic acids) in contrast to increase of unsaturated fatty acids combination (oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids) through Tu/Ts which gave highest rate of unsaturated fatty acids combination to saturated fatty acids combination. Palmitic acid is more abundant in saturated fatty acids while, linoleic acid is more abundant in unsaturated fatty acids combination.

A field trial were conducted at the experimental farm , Department of Crop Sciences,College of Agriculture,University of Baghdad,Abu-Ghraib during the fall season of 2008 and 2009 to study the response of maize crop to irrigation frequency (3.6 and 9 days) and herbicides (Acetochlor and Atrazine) on grain yield of corn and weed accompanied . A factorial experiment Block design according with split – plot with three replications was used. The Acetochlor and Atrazine gave lowest number of weed at both seasons (9.8 , 11.2 , 7.2 and 9.6 plant.m-2) respectively while weedy treatment gave high value (90.7 and 86.2 plant.m-2) respectively at both seasons and also they reduced dry weight of weed by 87.0% and 89.6% at first season and by 90.7% and 87.5% at second season according the weedy treatment , therefore they gave highest number of grain at both seasons (456 , 462 , 467 and 478 grain per ear) respectively and grain yield were (7.369 and 7.529 ton.ha-1) at first season and at second season (7.641 and 8.856 ton.ha-1) respectively while the weedy treatment gave lowest value of grain yield was at first season (3.187 ton.ha-1 and 3.102 ton.ha-1) at second season. Treatment of irrigation every three days gave height plant at both seasons were( 177.4 and 178.2 cm) also number of grain per ear (493 and 498 grain) and grain yield (7.951 and 8.157 tn.ha-1) respectively. Treatment irrigation every three days with weed-free gave superior grain yield were (10.600 and 10.420 ton.ha-1 ) respectively at both seasons while irrigation every nine days with weedy treatment lowest grain yield was ( 3.187 ton.ha-1 ) of first season and (3.102 ton.ha-1) at second season.

Abstract
An RCBD 3X3factorial experiment with three replicates where conducted in a semi arid region in Bashika area located 12Km north–east of Nineveh province ,which depend on rainfall for irrigate, the study include the effect of three sowing dates the 1st of January,15th of January and 2nd of February on three varieties of wheat, these are Sham 6, Ebaa95, Ebaa99. Data recorder of plant height spike length, number of seeds per spike, number of spike per squared meter, 1000grain weight, yield kg/ha and the harvest index. Statistical analysis of the traits for the effects of varieties and dates of planting and their interaction showed significant effect of varieties at the 5% level for the number of spike/m2 while there were a significant effect of both spike length and the 1000 grain weight at the 1% level. While the dates of planting there were significance at the 5% level for the plant height, yield and wheat index. Whereas the interaction was significant and 1% level for the 1000 gram weight and yield Kg/ha. the Sham 6 variety was superior for the traits of 1000gram weight and harvest index, while Ibaa 99 showed superiority in plant height, length of spike, number of spikes/m2 and yield kg/ha. The 1st date of planning was the best in plant length, spike length ,number of seeds per spikes. While the 2nd date was superior in the 1000grm weight and the yield in kg/ha . While in case of interaction the variety Sham 6 with the 2nd date of planning showed superiority in both 1000gram weight and total yield. At the same time the variety Ibaa 99 with 1st date of planning where the best in the height of the plant, spike length and the number of spikes.

Afield experiment was conducted to investigate the agronomic characteristics of five new introduced safflower genotypes under different plant spacings between plants by using Randomized completely block design in a split plot system with three replications including plant spacing’s(15,25,and 35 cm) as main plots and genotypes (G1:Al-Maiys,G2: Jordanian,G3:400,G4:540 and G5:2081) as sub plots dateof sowing was 2122008 in the farm of field crops Dept.College of Agric.-Tikrit University. The results state superiority of G1 in capitula dimeterplant(26.97mm) and seed yield per unit area (2226.7kgha) .Low value of 1000 seed weight more pronounced in G1 and G2.Decreasing number and dimeter of capitula result from redus spacings between plants ,while high plant density increasing yield by( 25.7 and 66% )for 15cm space compared with (25and 35 cm) within row spacings respectively

A nine parents diallel of upland cotton was planted in a randomized complete block design with three replication. Data collected from the diallel where used to estimate genetic parameters to exploiting of the gene action according as (Hayman,1954) method and finding intercept of unit slope line and the Vxi values corresponding to two points were parabola is cut by this regression line and dividing the distance between those points in to four equal parts are investigated and estimated the exact amount of dominant and recessive genes for each parent was introduced. The results showed that mean square of genotypes highly significant for all traits . The dominant genetic variance was more important than additive one , average degree of dominance was greater than one for all studied characters . The values KDKR indicate to increase of dominant gene in the parent, and the value of pq was decreased 0.25 that show unregulated distribution for alleles . Heritability was arranged from 14% for seed cotton yield to 22% for boll weight .the Lachata parent was showed highly amount of dominant genes 81.11% for boll weight ,86.32% for number of bolls per plant and 88.18% for seed cotton yield. This results also revealed Lachata variety exceeded on for all studied varieties in seed cotton yield 116.8 gplant , boll weight 4.6 g and number of boll per plant 27.8 .

A study was conducted for applying three levels of potassium fertilizer in the growth characteristics, yield components, and quality properties for the following six genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ( Coker 310, Stonovill, Dun 1047 -1, Kafko-1, Montana, and Lashata).This experiment was conducted in two locations. First was field, College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, and second was in Hawija district, Kirkuk province during the season 2010. A split plot design was used according to the Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial experiment with three replication. The potassium fertilizer was added in three doses (K0, K60 and K120 Kg / Hectare).The study included ten growth traits of yield components . The results showed that varieties differs significantly for all studied traits except vegetative branches for both locations.Adding of potassium fertilizer showed significant differences among them for all studied traits except vegetable branches and in number of opening bolls in the plants in both locations .The interaction between potassium fertilizer levels and varieties was significant in all studied traits in both locations except flowering traits in the height of first fruit branch and the number of vegetative branches , also in the number of seeds in the bolls and seed cotton yield in both locations and the range of the boll weight in university location .

This research included three pruning levels (54 . 66 . 78) exes per vine on 10th January and three concentration of Atonik (0 . 0.25. 0.50) cc per liter on yield of two grape cultivars (shadda baidha . shadda sodda) at blossom stage. The study was conducted in vine gaudy (Hawija) started from 10th January 2008 + 020th Iune 2008. Generally . yield components was affected with pruning level for the two cultivars . However average number of clusters increased with 78 exes per vine for both cultivars compared with 54 exes per vine Average cluster weight decreased with 78 exes per vine for both cultivars compare with 54 exes per vine. Results obtained in this study indicated clearly that the Atonik treatment improved yield components for both cultivars and it increased number of clusters . weight and yield compared with control .

The experiment was conducted in a private orchard in Owainat village ( 15 km, south of Tikrit ), during 2010 growing season . Pomegranate trees “Salimi” cv. , which were six years old, were sprayed three times with three concentrations of boron ( 0 , 50 and 100 mg /L ) as boric acid ( 17% B ) and three concentrations of ascorbic acid ( 0 , 250 and 500 mg/L ) . The first spray has been done three weeks before bloom, the second after fruit set and the third was when the fruit skin color was changed to red .The results indicated that foliar spray of boron significantly increased leaf boron concentration and leaf area , while the foliar spray of ascorbic acid increased leaf phosphorus concentration, chlorophyll and rate of stem diameter significantly . The treatment 50 mg B/L + 250 mg AA/L was the best treatment . which gave the highest values for the most studied parameters .

A field experiment was condected during Agricultural Season 2008 to study inoculated Cucumber seed with Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp tow levels (with,non Cyanobacteria) and spray with seaweed extract four leavels (0,Seaforce 1.5ml/L ,Altra 1.5ml/L ,mixed of the tow seaweed mentioned 1.5ml/L each one of seaweeds) . We use RCBD with three riplication , The result show that the treatment of Cyanobacteria gave highest yield (8.17) ton/dunm. Treatment with Altra extract gave the highest content fruit from B.Caroten (16.18) mg/gm . The interaction between Cyanobacteria treatment and Spraying by Altra extract gave highest sexratio (0.40) .

The area of study was located south of Babal governarate between 31° 30َ 32° 15َ latitude and 44° 20َ ,44° 44َ longitude in mid-mesopotamion plain beside Euphates river .A semi detailed soil survey was conducted, 10 soil profiles were digged and soils has been described morphologically .soil samples have been collected , soil texture and different chemical properties were examined .soil map was analyzed cartographically and geomorphologically and described for soil classification , and land capability was evaluated .Results indicated that the study area was nearly level topography ,and the soils are recent from Euphrates river and stratification and high levels of water sediments table soils. Soils texture varies between moderetly fine to fine were characterized by high EC(28 - 73 ds/m) with a high percentage of ESP(2.4-48.9%). The lime content was (29.9-28.3%) and a low content of gypsum (0.1-5.1%)and O.M(0.5-1.5%)Soils were classified at the order Entisols and sub group level : Aquic Torrifluvent, Typic Torrifluvent and Vertic Torrifluvent . The land evaluation for productivity purpose results showed that there are all classes of land suitable for agriculture.

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the role of organic materials (plant & animal) applied with phpsphate rock (PR) and partial acidulation of PR (through mixing with water soluble phosphate fertilizer{TSP} in different ratios 50:50 and 60:40 TSP:PR in PR effectiveness (dry weight, P uptake, and available NaHCO3 extractable P). Wheat (Triticum aestivum )was used as a test crop in two gypsiferous soils(Tikrit and Dour). Results showed that the two treatments ( TSP50+PR50) and (TSP60+PR40) did not differ significantly (p<0.05) with TSP in plant weight, P conc. in plant and NaHCO3 extractable P (Olsen P). The treatment TSP60+PR40 was superior above TSP in plant height and P conc. in plant. Treatments of partial acidulation did not differ significantly in most of the studied characters. Organic materials treatments did not differ significantly in plant height, P conc. in plant and available P. The two soils did not differ significantly in plant height and available P in soil, while Tikrit soil was superior in dry weight, P conc. in plant and P uptake. The higher value for interaction in Tikrit soil for plant height character was for the treatment TSP60+PR40 which did not differ significantly with TSP and TSP50+PR50, while for dry weight character, P conc. in plant and available P the interaction treatment for Tikrit soil with TSP was superior but did not differ significantly with TSP60+PR40 and TSP50+PR50. The highest value for interaction for the two soils was TSP60+PR40 in Dour soil for plant height and available P in soil P. The performance of organic treatments did not differ for the interaction treatments significantly with partial acidulation treatments especially TSP50+PR50 for all of the studied characters. Phosphate rock alone gave the lowest values for all of the characters although it did not differ significantly with organic treatments or TSP50+PR50. We conclude from these results that we can compensate for 40 – 50 % of TSP applied to gypsiferous soils by application of PR, or application of PR plus organic wastes especially animal wastes.

The objectives of this study aimed at identifying scopes use of Mobile in Extension work by agricultural extension workers in Nineveh as well as to study some personal and vocational characteristics , which is believed to have an relation on the extent of use of the Mobile is the following (The locational work , the nature of work, title job , period of employment) The sample of the study consists of all the workers in the official agricultural branches (180 employees, 90 of them were subjected to researching procedures) . for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research questionnaire was prepared in the first part included questions about personal and functional characteristics of the agricultural extent of use the data were analyzed using percentages , Mean , Standard deviation , repetition and chi-square (X2) to find relationship between the extent of use and personal and occupational characteristics , result showed that the rate of 41.11% using a Mobile some times and the proportion of 25.56% use it always while the proportion of 33.33% of then use it rarely.The result also showed a Significant correlation between the extent of use and location of the work while the results showed no significant correlation between use and other characteristics studied. The researchers recommended the need to Strengthen the use of Mobile in agricultural extension work through the provision free credit for all workers in agricultural extension .

The study is aiming to know the shelf-life of some imported frozen beef meat (Fakher, Reem, Bertin) to Sulaimani as compared to local meat by evaluation of some chemical, quality, sensory and bacterial characteristics. Within the chemical characteristics, the highest percent protein was observed in the local (21.78±0.62) while the lowest was noticed in the Reem Company (16.52±0.69). The highest percent fat obtained in Reem (7.65±0.43) but the local and Bertin gave the lowest percent (3.86±0.3 and 3.13±0.23 respectively). Quality characteristics studied the highest free fatty acids (FFA) observed in the local (1.91±0.25) and Bertin (1.91±0,21 ) beef meat samples, while the water holding capacity (WHC) in the Fakher was the highest (64±2.52) and the lowest in the local(41±4.48) . However, the meat pigment studied of the local was highest (136±0.91) as compared with the other studied companies. The higher significant differences in pH obtained in local (6.22) but the other companies were differed significantly. The Regarding sensory characteristics studies (Tenderness, juiciness, flavor and public acceptability), the local meat was better and higher significantly than other companies. Higher significant differences in the aerobic plate counted in the Fakher, while the lowest was in the local samples. Total coliform bacteria and pscyrophilic bacterial count showed that; the lowest value was given by the local meat but the higher in the Reem.

The pots experiment carried out in the Saqlawiyah institute during the spring season 2008-2009 using sandy loam soil from Saddat Al-Falluja region. The soil was treated with black tea wastes (locally called "Bithil") with four treatments BT0 (control), TW1, TW2, TW3 with applications of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% respectively. Barley was planted for 65 days as a test crop. At the end of growth season, some of soil and plant properties had been measured. Generally, the treatments had a high significant effect in decreasing bulk density from 1.51 Mg.m-3 in TW0 to 1.27 Mg.m-3 in TW3 and a significant effect in increasing porosity from 41% to 50% for the TW0 and TW3 respectively. The treatments had also high significant effect in decreasing both the soil EC from 7.3 to 2.8 dS.m-1 for TW0 and TW3 respectively with negative correlation factor of – 0.98 and pH from 8.53 for TW0 to 7.59 for the treatment TW3. Tea wastes showed a high significant effect in increasing dry weight as average from 7.93 to 9.51 g.plant-1 for treatments TW0 and TW3 respectively with increasing ratio of 83%. The tillers number and the weight of 1000 seeds of the plant increased due to tea wastes application from 4 to 8 TPP (Tiller per Plant) and from 44.3g to 57.6 g for the treatments TW0 and TW3. The third treatment TW3 was the best in affecting soil properties and plant components.