Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

Total bacterial load, total coliforms and faecal coliforms in ponds water and sediments, intestine of common carp Cyprinus carpio and birds faeces were investigated monthly over a period of one year from May 2007 to April 2008. Fish were collected randomly by a cast net from ponds of University of Basra. Total viable bacterial counts were ranging from 2.8±1.9 x 101 to 7.0±2.2 x 103 cfu ml -1 in ponds water, 4.2±2.2 x 104 to 3.8±2.5 x 106 cfu g -1 in ponds sediments, 9.2±2.6 x 104 to 10.9±2.5 x 106 cfu g -1 fish intestine and 2.0±1.4x 106 to 10.7±1.2 x 108 cfu g-l in birds faeces. The most probable number (MPN) of faecal coliforms ranged from 94±5 to ≤920±0 100 ml-1 in ponds water; while MPN ranges in sediment, common carp intestine and birds faeces were 63±18 to ≤540±0 g-l, 43±5 to ≤540±0 g-l and 240±22 to ≤540±0 g-l respectively. The abundance of normal bacteria coliforms was greater in the warm months than in the cold months. There were no sources of human faecal matter in the ponds. So, it is clear that faecal coliforms from water birds faeces significantly contaminated (P< 0.05) the ponds and common carp intestines.

Pregnancy is a normal physiological phenomenon associated with many physiological changes that assist the nurturing and survival of the fetus, liver function affected by these changes. A prospective study carried out to assess serum level of routine Liver Function Test (LFTs) which included Alb, T.S.B, S.ALT, S.AST, S.ALP and Prothrombin time in ninety pregnant women, thirty women in each trimester of pregnancy and thirty aged matched non pregnant women as a control group who attended to Al-Ramadi General Hospital for Maternity and Children.
The results were as follows: S. Alb and T.S.B levels were significantly lower (P<0.001) during all three trimesters as compared to controls.
S.ALP activity was significantly higher in third and second trimester (P<0.001) than in controls. SALT activity was significantly higher (P≤0.05) in third trimester than in controls. While serum AST activity and prothrombin time did not give significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women.

The effects of temperature on some biological aspects of Chrysomya albiceps (Wied.) were studied. The incubation, larval and pupation periods as well as mortality were calculated at constant temperature and relative humidity. The temperature 30Co was preferable to egg and larval stages, whereas the 32Co was preferred for pupal stage.Sex-ratio was affected by temperature, the results declared that male emergence of high rate compared with the female in each treatment, but this rate decreased gradually with the increase of temperature.The adults which were reared at laboratory temperature of 24Co appeared to have increased longevity in both sexes, but the female did not deposit egg ; while 30 Co was preferable for fly for egg deposition.

This study was designed in Marine Sciences station (Aqaba) during the period September 2000 to October 2001. The study of the effect of body weight on the metabolic rate revealed the presence of a proportional relationship between the metabolic and body weight and the presence of inverse relationship between the metabolic and body weigh.In snails acclimated to 10 ºC, 20 ºC, and 30 ºC, the Weight specific metabolic rate was influenced by both acclimation as well as experimental temperature. Thus, the oxygen consumption rate increased 1n 10 ºC acclimated snail from 44 µl O2. gˉ¹ . hrˉ ¹ to 105 µl O2. gˉ¹ . hrˉ ¹ As a result of increasing the experimental temperature from 10 ºC to 30. ºC In 20 and 30 ºC acclimated snail, and as a result of increasing the experimental temperature from 10 to 30, the weight specific oxygen consumption rates increased (20 ºC and 30 ºC ) from 40 µl O2. gˉ¹ . hrˉ ¹ to 88 and 35 to 85 µl O2. gˉ¹ . hrˉ ¹ Respectively. Snails acclimated to 10 ºC ,20 ºC and 30 ºC showed Precht s type 3 normal the(partial) compensation in weight specific oxygen consumption rate , since at all experiment temperatures , the highest oxygen consumption rate was observed in 10 ºC Acclimated animals, whereas the lowest rate was observed in 30 ºC acclimated snails.

A new calcium ion-selective electrode was assembled from complex synthesized by calcium ion and zincon which doped in pvc with suitable mediator and solvent . The prepared complex was identified by UV- Visible and IR spectrophotometry. The new electrode was characterized by its high slope (29.55 ±0.02 mV/decade) compared with calcium phosphate electrode (26.67±0.022 mV/decade) and long lifetime (10 months) . The linear range of the electrode was 10-5-10-1M and the detaction limit was 10-5M . Response time was in the range of 20-60 seconds depending on the concentration of the solution and the lifetime of the electrode. The electrode was linearly working at a pH of (5-10).
Most of anions were severely interfered and these were exploited to determine calcium and the anions in precipitation titrations . Cations were slightly interfered especially at high interferent concentrations .
The new electrode was applied for the determination of calcium in tap water which offered excellent results compared with flame emission photometric method.

In the series of study on the asphalt cement to improve properties of asphalt cement several polymers materials are used for this purpose. In this study Epoxy used at different percentage by weight (1, 2, 4 and 6) %. Epoxy was added in three cases, pure Epoxy and the other two cases were mixing of Catalyst-Epoxy by weight in the two ratio (1:3) and (1:4).The effect of additives on the asphalt cement properties are evaluated by penetration test (ASTM D-5)(10), softening point test (ASTM D-2398)(10), and Kinematics viscosity test (ASTM D-2170)(10). Temperature susceptibility of asphalt cement was evaluated by using Penetration viscosity number ( PVN ). The study shows that Epoxy, 1:3 Epoxy and 1:4 Epoxy additives have more effect on the physical properties of asphalt cement and make asphalt softer than original asphalt cement, the additives reduced the temperature susceptibility, but Epoxy have more reduction in the susceptibility of asphalt cement compared with 1:3 Epoxy and 1:4.

A new series of Schiff bases were obtained by condensation of 3- methoxy -4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (vanillin) with seven aromatic amine .These bases were identified by infrared spectra and melting point . The effect of the substituents (x) on the amino ring has been studied. The charge transfer complexes (CTC) of the Schiff bases as a donor molecules with various electron acceptors as(DDQ,P-CA,O-CA,-m-Dn and PF (used for the first time as acceptor) in methylene chloride and methanol (solvent ) were estimated, the physical parameters of the CT complexes were calculated by applying the Benesi –Hildebrands equation for 1:1 CT complexes .
The study also involved precipitation of one Schiff bases (1)with three electron acceptors as CT complexes and identified these complexes by IR,melting point, UV-visible and the colures.

Sufficient amounts of caffeine were extracted from Kabbos and Wazzah tea leaves, while traces of caffeine were found in green tea leaves which may be due to unriped tea leaves. Extracted caffeine was identified by UV and IR spectroscopy which offered spectra matching precisely the standard caffeine crystals which confirmed the purity of caffeine and the efficiency of extraction methods. Moderate amounts of sodium, potassium and calcium were found in the three types of tea leaves while lithium was found in traces. The results indicated the presence of necessary elements for the metabolic activities of tea plants and humans who take tea drink with their meals.

The two oxadiazole new ligands of bis oxadiazol derivatives, have been synthesized by the reaction of (L1)and , oxadiazol-2yl] methane (L2.) with adibic acid in presence of ethnolic solution of potassium hydroxide. The mixture was refluxed for eight hours. The ligands were characterized using IR 1H.NMR13C-NMR and mass spectroscopies .The ( L3 ) was used to synthesize complexes with metals Cu( II ) and pd(II ) . The complexes were studied and identified using IR, UV-VIS spectra and molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption techniques. The results exhibited that all complexes have an octahedral structure.

In this research a number of compounds were prepared by coupling dizonium salts with purine bases. The structures of the prepared compounds were identified by ultra violet ,infra red spectra and Elemental (C.H.N) analysis .The biological activity of these compounds was investigated on five genera of pathogenic bacteria: S. aureus , Str. viridans , Ps. aeruginosa , E. coli and Sh. dysenteriae using Disc diffusion method. Also the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated .It was found that these compounds have medium biological effect against these genera of bacteria.

A halogenation of eleven aromatic compounds using a new method for iodination of activated aromatic compounds is presented. The reaction of one mole of aromatic compound with a mixture of one mole Potassium iodide and two moles Potassium sulfate in the presence of hydrochloric acid gives mono iodo aromatic compounds in high yields. The products have been identified by (I.R) spectrally and also by quantitative elemental analysis.
In conclusion, a convenient and versatile procedure for iodination of activated aromatic compounds has been reported. In this method, neither harmful reagents are used nor toxic residues are left after completion of the reaction. Thus, these iodination reactions are indeed, environmentally benign. In each case, mono iodination was identified with high yields.

Redundant variables not only in LASER applications, but in all experimental works are disturbing statistical analysis as a result of highly correlation among them. It is not easy sometimes to identify which set of variables is redundant and which one is retained. In addition, consideration of huge sets of variables will make it difficult to point out the joint effects of any subset of variables on a certain phenomenon. It is well know that continuous variables can be transformed into a discrete (categorical) form depending on predefined intervals, thus, the categorical principal component analysis was adopted here in this paper to identify the discarded set of variables when the data contained some variability. The effect of identifying groups of retained variables was compared by observing the natural grouping of elements using single linkage clustering of elements.

Jordanian basalt was added to China clay on different mixes up to 60% by weight. Some of physical properties were studied. Mixes basalt showed a remarkable increase in density with increasing basalt addition. Porosity was the property greatly affected with increasing the firing temperature. Maximum reduction in porosity was observed at high firing temperature for all mixes and this will cause increase in hardness values. The different phases were determined by X–ray analysis. The expansion coefficient decreases with the increase of the basalt content. No significant differences of the heating rate are observed on the properties of the thermal expansion after firing at 1100C for all mixes.

The aim of the present work is to study some nuclear features of Erbium ( ) such as energy levels E(J), energy transition Eγ, band crossing, and back bending phenomena in the mass region(A=166,and total number of bosons N=15)of the dynamical symmetry SU(3)-O(6) using interacting boson model version-1(IBM-1) and a variable moment of inertia model(VMI)
In this study, we determined the most appropriate Hamiltonian that is needed for the present calculations of deformed understudy nucleus; these calculations have been estimated by best-fitting to the measured energies level.
The IBM-1 results have been compared with the previous experimental and theoretical (VMI-model) data and it was observed that they are agreed in the most of the states. The predictions from the VMI model are more accurate than those of the IBM-1.

Depth estimation for dyke like bodies has been investigated through using Fraser filter. The procedure consists of applying Fraser filter to magnetic profiles data due to dyke-like sources. Three ways of calculation are followed to estimate the depths of these bodies and good results with low percentage errors are achieved. Firstly, defining the width of the profile at two third of maximum amplitude of the residual filtered out data gives directly the depth to the top of the body. Secondly, plotting filtered data values at various levels of amplitudes against distances between points of these levels at the two lines of maximum slopes of the residual profile give a straight slope line. A projection line from the amplitude axis at two third value of maximum amplitude to the slope line read directly at distance axis the depth to the top of the body. Thirdly, the zero crossover distance defined on the plot of filtered data against distance divided by two gives directly the depth to the top of the body.Low percentage errors are found by applying the three ways, although there are small variations between them, most values are too low. This method of depth estimation is also applied to published field example and the result is too good. The procedure is simply applied and it gives a reliable and accepted depth values compared with actual depth values of the dyke-like bodies. The present procedure can be considered as a new scheme for depth estimation of magnetic sources if one considers the low percentage errors and the success of the results particularly in mid latitudes.

تضمنت الدراسة عزل وتشخيص بكتيريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa ، إذ تم الحصول على (34) عزلة من بين (77) عينة جمعت من المرضى الراقدين والوافدين إلى مستشفى كركوك العام ، وعزلتين من بين (33) عينة جمعت من بيئة المستشفى و(24) عزلة من بين (52) عينة جمعت من بيئة مدينة كركوك.أظهرت النتائج أن نسبة مقاومة العزلات المرضية للمضادان الحيويان Cefazolin و Carbenicillin بلغت 97.22% فيما تراوحت نسبة مقاومة عزلات بيئة المدينة للمضادات الحيوية (Cefazolin , Carbenicillin , Cefatoxim )( 100% ، 95.5% و 91.6%) على التوالي.وان نمط المقاومة الشائع فـي هــذه الدراســـة كانت لخمسـة مضادات حيوية (PY , CZ,CTX,CN,TOB) .اظهرت عزلة واحدة فعالية تثبيطية ضد بكتيريا Staphylococcus aureus ومن المحتمل أن تكون هذه العزلة واحدة من العزلات المنتجة للبايوسين وبدون استعمال مــواد محفزة.

This study was included isolation and identification of bacterial isolates for growth promoter production ( Indol Acetic Acid ) by application of local culture and evaluate its efficiency. According to this perpoute bacterial isolates were collected and examined for their ability to indol production.The local media used included dry powder of legume, bean ,soyabean , seed and milk powder. Its also was tested the effect of edition of supplements to the culture such as treptophan ,N. broth , glucose , N and P on indol production optimum condition was included to increase production efficincy .The ability of selection isolate for iron chelating natural, phosphate disolveing , Nitrogen fexation were tested.Applied biological expermints has been done in order to evalution the efficincy of indol production in compantion with industrial indol and also the efficincy for the selection isolates and their filteration the effect on the implantation of sow seed and groth of soyabeen which suffering from the prescence and distribution of Rhizopia espelially from lraqi soil .This study have the following results :-18 isolates were obtain cupable for them indol production ( 30 from total isolates) 14 isolats were nodulan bacteria .8 isolates which have high efficancy in indol production were tested six isolates tended to Rhizopium and two isolate to Pseudomonus in next screening used culture with special condation , two isolates Pssp2S ,Rsp8RA were selected to be used in the indol production growth on Local culture supplements The results of optimum condition study showded the best indol production acharied 41.9& 42.8 mg IAA / l respecivly This study improved the ability of selection isolates to alchelating compouned CAS from blue to pink colum with 4.5 – 5.8 min. of Ps.sp2S and Rsp8RA respectively.Their isolates have ability to phosphate dissolved in the medium with diametr range dissolving 6.25 – 11.75 mm respectively , and the ,Rsp8RA isolate has ability to nitrogen fixation in the medium with avarge of 3.65 N / L whil the Ps.sp2S doesn't able to nitrogen fixation .
Result of applied biological experiment showed an increased treatment of two isolates mixture Rsp8RA , PssP2S with their filterated achaived inclues in :
A-Characters of vegetative group that achaived high avarge for branching ( 4.37 ) height of plant ( 81.2 cfu/ ml and leaf area 78.4cm ) ,persente of chlorophyll ( 39.6% ), dry weight (51.2 g) Nitrogen and Phosphours yield in plant ( 491, 1020 mg ) respectively .
B- Root characters were achaived high avarge the number of noduls (56.3 noduli) . weight of root group ( 10.4 gm ).
c- Soil characters after sowing were achaived high average of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil (166 – 18.4 mg / kg soil) respectively and high microbial population in soil ( 7.82 Log cfu/ ml ).

A pot study was implemented at Al _ Dawar Research Station during 2005-2006 according to R-C-B-D arranged as split plots with five replicates. four wheat Cultivars (IpA99، Sham 6، Tamooz and Abu- Graib ) were used as main treatments and five salinity levels (3 , 6 , 9 , 12 and 15 ds/m as secondary treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate four wheat cultivars tolerance to different levels of sallnity. Result showed that yield and its components decreased with elevating salt level , especially at 12 and 15 ds/m. moreover , there were differences exist between cultivars ( IpA 99 and Sham6 ) were the most tolerant comparing with other cultivars

The study was conducted to produce the single cell protein and to increase the content of Schanginia aegyptiaca wastes from the parent microbial protein was to grow isolates from (Aspergillus niger) by the use of nutrient media of Schanginia aegyptiaca powder and wastes of dairy factories and dates wastes by using incubators and solid fermentation. The suitable conditions for production such as components media, percentage of support materials, time of incubation and best isolate for production were determined.
Yield components of single cell protein were checked. The yield, was then used in specified ratios of replacement for the vegetable protein in the preparation of carp fish (Cyprinus carpi) food. The results were as follows:-
1- Obtaining 10 local isolates inhabiting Schanginia aegyptiaca, three of them were selected depending on the ratio of growth diameter which ranged between (5.60-6.40) cm on PDA media, The Is-8 isolate has been selected and diagnosed to belong to fungi A. niger-P8 with A. niger-S isolate.
2- Wetting the powder media of Schanginia aegyptiaca with Whey and extract of dates wastes and fermented in a solid culture doubled the percentage of the protein in the media up to (5) times. The highest percentage 8.14% was obtained when wetting with Whey and by the use of A. niger-P8 isolate.
3- The produced protein contained low percentage of nucleic acids RNA and DNA. The totals of their percentage were 5.18% and 5.32% in liquid culture protein, and 3.10% and 3.72% in solid culture protein for A. niger-P8 and A. niger-S isolates, respectively, revealed that production are free from toxins.
4- The microbial protein produced contained 15 amino acids. The rates of the amino acids were 64.95 and 63.39 g/100g of protein, the analysis of the microbial protein showed the highest content of Aspartic; 14.29 and 12.32 g/100g of protein for A. niger-P8 and A. niger-S isolates, respectively.
5- The percentage of replacement 50% of Soya bean with the microbial protein A. niger-P8 produced gave the highest rate in the weight of carp Cyprinus carpi 26.22 g per fish after 35 days of feeding with a difference 5.7% compared to control treatment.

تم عزل وتشخيص (105) عزلة من جراثيم Escherichia coli من حالات الإسهال عند الأطفال بعمر اقل من 5 سنوات للمراجعين والراقدين في مستشفى ابن الأثير للأطفال في مدينة الموصل، حيث كانت الإصابة عند الذكور أعلى من الإناث بنسبة (51.61%)، (33.06%) على التوالي. وتم دراسة حساسية جراثيم Escherichia coli لـ(13) مضاداً حيوياً، حيث أعطت الجراثيم المعزولة مقاومة لأكثر من مضاد حيوي حيث أعطت مقاومة عالية لمضادات Trimethoprim وبنسبة (34.67%) ولمضاد Ampicillin وبنسبة (33.06%) ولمضاد Amoxicillin وبنسبة (27.41%) ومقاومة متوسطة لمضاد Gentamicin وبنسبة (20.16%) وللمضادين Nalidix acid و Cefixim وبنسبة (18.54%) ولمضاد Cefotaxime وبنسبة (16.12%) ولمضاد Cephalexin بنسبة (16.9%) ولمضاد Tetracycline بنسبة (14.51%) وأعطت مقاومة متوسطة لمضاد Chlorampheniaol بنسبة (8.06%) ومقاومة قليلة لمضاد Amikicin وبنسبة (3.22%) ولمضادي Sulfinamide والـ Carbenicillin وبنسبة (2.41%).

This research was conducted on a random sample of (58) individuals , (38) of them were directly exposed to cement dust. They were distributed according to units into (9) in oven department, (17) individuals in cement grinding department and (12) in packaging department. Ten individuals were indirectly exposed to cement dust and (10) individuals from inhabitants in villages and suburbs represented the control group. The study aimed at exploring the effect of exposure to cement dust and its side-effect on the activity of (ALK, GPT and GOT) chemobiological parameters of workers in Al-Qaim cement factory, as well as the effect of smoking on increasing the activity these enzymes. Results of the study indicated a significant increases (p<0.05) in the values of GOT (8.1 I.U/L) , GPT (7.4 I.U/L) and ALK (8.2 I.U/L) in direct exposure group. Their values in indirect (administrative) group were; GOT (5.62 I.U/L), GPT (7.90 I.U/L) and ALK (7.58 I.U/L) in comparison with the control group which were (3.8, 2.1, 3.7 I.U/L) , respectively. In addition to this , the results revealed that the effect of cement dust increased with age and the time duration of exposure to pollutants (cement dust). These represented the effect of the length of service duration on the value of the activity these enzymes. Moreover , smoking was influential and led to an increase in the activity these enzymes values in smoking working in comparison with non-smoking workers.

The research involves the study of the asphalt, water and the possibility of ions leaching from asphalt to water released out of three mineral springs in Heet city, namely, Khalidia village, Hay Al-khader and hay Al- shuhadaa. The physical properties of the asphalt were syudied, like, penetration, softening point, flash point, ductility, solubility, ash content and specific gravity . The UV and IR spectra were recorded and compared with that of (oil asphalt) which left behind the oil refinery process . The results show an agreement in the properties of the springs asphalt compared with that of oil asphalt this conclusion was supported by the UV and IR spectra. The physical and chemical properties of springs water were also studied, i. c. the measurement of pH, conductivity, suspended sediments, dissolved solid, turbidity, Total hardness, concentration of calcium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, sodium, sulphate, phosphate, sulphide, chloride and fluoride ions were determined and it seems that the concentration of most ions is higher than standard limits which means that it is not possible to use it as drinking water but can be used for agriculture purposes after certain treatment . The spring asphalt show an ability of storing ions inside its layers and can be leach out to surronding water as time passing

The present paper included a study of the inhibitory effect of three pyrimidine derivatives (6-amino 1,3dimethyl uracil (6-admu), 2'-deoxythmidine (dthy) and 6-(phenylazo)-cytidine (phazocyt)) in comparison with the medical compound (6-MP) as a standard anti cancer on the inhibition of the growth of cancer cell line of Hep-2 (Human epidermoid larynx carcinoma) In vitro. Results have shown significant differences of a probability level (p0.001), compared with 6-MP compound of (phazocyt and 6-admu), while (dthy) compound did not show any significant differences at the same level of probability (p0.001). When comparing the inhibitory effect of concentrations within the single compound, we notice significant differences of the probability level (p0.001), starting from the first treatment (62.5g/ml) of (dthy) and (phazocyt) compounds. (6-admu) compound showed a significant effect in the last treatment. Result have revealed that the two compounds (dthy, phazocyt) have greater effect in comparison with 6-MP compound within (125g/ml) concentration. Also, values of lethal inhibition concentration of (IC50) and lethal concentration of 90% of cells (IC90) were extracted. It has been found that the best activity was for (dthy) compound.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of chemical changes of the seminal fluid in the fertility of oligospermic men. We evaluated the role of spermatozoal creatine kinase enzyme and seminal plasma alkaline phosphatase, Acid phosphatase, total protein, albumin, uric acid, calcium, chloride, inorganic phosphate, createnine and fructose in oligospermic patients and their relation to sperm count and activity in 62 individuals ( 42 infertile oligospermic, and 20 normal fertile volunteers)، and we subdivided the oligospermia to three subgroups (Mild، Moderate, Severe Oligospermia).
Results: Creatine kinase:-there was a significant increase in the spermatozoal CK in the oligospermic group as compared to normal group there was a significant increase in CK levels with decreasing motility.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): there was a significant decrease in ALP activity in the oligospermia as compared to normal group, but no change observed related to motility.
Fructose: there was a significant increase in the level of seminal plasma fructose in oligospermic group as compared with normospermic. Within the oligosoermic group and there was a negative correlation between fructose concentration and motility.
There was no significant change observed in Acid phosphatase, Total protein, albumin Uric acid, Calcium, Chloride, Inorganic phosphate and Createnine.

The relation between the electrical conductivity (Λ) and the Ionic strength (I) of strong bi-charge electrolytes like (sodium soleplate and potassium soleplate) were studied over range of concentrations (from 0.01 to 1.00)mol. The electrical conductivity of such ions measured then the ionic strength calculated.
A new mathematical formula deduced from this experimental results, which is:
I=F* Λ
Where is F, the proportional factor.
This equation can give the ionic strength directly over a limited range of concentrations with high accuracy and short time.
The ionic strength of solutions formed of two components with common negative ion was studied. A tremendous decrease of the conductivity occurred independently from increasing the ionic strength, compared with those calculated from using the general law of the electrical conductivity of electrolytes: This phenomenon attributed to the effect of doubly charged common ion of the salt and the relaxation effect of the solvent.
The calculated ionic strength based on this suggested experimental mathematical equation was in good agreement with those calculated by using Deby-Huckel law.

The study was conducted with the effect of aqueous, alcoholic and crude extracts of Artemisia herba-alba Leaves against L. major. Promastigotes.The concentration of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/ml of aqueous extract had stronger effect against L. major. Promastigotes giving growth index equal to zero percent after four days of cultivation, while the concentration of 1, 10, 100 mg/ml of alcoholic extract give growth index equal to zero percent after five days of cultivation and the concentration of 10 and 100 mg/ml of crude extract give a good effect with growth index equal to zero after five days of cultivation.

Thin film of SnO2 were prepared by thermal chemical spray deposition technique at different substrate temperatures (350 ,450 ,550) °C and prepared samples were annealed for 30 minutes at different annealing temperatures (300,400) °C. the D.C conductivity was studied , and there were two activation energies for the prepared films , and also two mechanisms of conductivity , first at low temperatures and the second at high temperatures. The activation energies looked to be increased at annealing temperature 200 °C and decreased at annealing temperature 300 °C.

The study of energy levels for Harmonic Oscillator a one-dimensional are calculated by eigenvalues and eigenenergy for Schrodinger equation for rational potentials and ,using finit difference . we compare our calculations with those calculated by other techniques for some values of g, α , the finit difference technique in general yields better accuracy in results. We study several sets of perturbation parameters (λ, g, α ), state numbers n and different indices of the perturbation ( I ,N ,M ) .

In this paper CdSe thin films have been prepared deposited on galas substrate by thermal evaporation technique at thickness 250 nm with different depositions rate ( 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1,1.2) nm/s and substrate temperatures ( Ts) (300,373,423,473)K . Thermoelectric power were measured to this films ,Seebak coefficient and activation energy were evaluated, the results shows that all films were of n-type conductivity and activation energy increases with dispositions rate and substrate temperature films prepared at 0.8 nm/s with 425 K and 1.2 nm/s with Ts (425 ,475 ) K , except that they were of p-type conductivity .

The effects of annealing at temperatures (80Ċ,50Ċ,30Ċ) on the pure unsaturated polyester. Have been studied though the electric properties: impedance, dielectric constant, loss factor and a|.c. conductivity.the effects of annealing caused decreasing in impedance and increasing in dielectric constant loss factor as well as in a c conductivity these changes can be attributed due to the cross-linking to the molecular structure of the polymer.