Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

1

Effect of potassium Iodide on Thyroid Gland of Albino Mice (Mus musculus)

Pages: 1-5 English

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2

Isolation and Identification of bacterial causes from diabetic foot ulcers

Pages: 6-9 English

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3

Prevalence of HBV among Hemodialysis patients in Mosul city, Iraq

Pages: 10-15 English

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Abstract

Hemodialysis patients [HD] seem to be at considerable risk of infection, therefore the aim of this study was
carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among hemodialysis patients living in the
Mosul city of Iraq.
This study includes (70) patients , (43) Male and (27) Female, the age group ranged between less than 10 years
to 60 years, and the mean age was 37.1 years, which was considerable percentage of HBV in patients above 50
years (7.1%), while the average percentage of HBV less than 50 age(2.24%). This study included age, gender,
quantitative of blood pints transfusion, and episodes of big time spent on [HD] hemodialysis .
This study showed that male [HD] patients had higher HBV prevalence than females (14.2%, 4.2%) respectively.
Hemodialysis patients are at high risk for viral hepatitis infections due to the higher number of blood transfusion
sessions range about less 5 pints to more 20 pints, in our study the prevalence of HBV was increased
significantly with increasing the number of blood units transfused . Duration long term dialysis was less 2 year
and more than 10 years in 4.2% of HBV positive patients, ( 2-4 ) years and ( 8-10 ) years in 1.4% of cases, and
(4-6) years and (6-8) years in 2.8% of them, the mean time of dialysis ( 5.4 ) years.
As well as it was used Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) technique to detect HBsAg and confirm
the positive results by used Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect HBV-DNA.The result was showed (13)
positive with HBV in hemodialysis patients by ELISA technique, but (12) positive with HBV-DNA by used
PCR

4

Nephrotoxicity effect of Cannabis sativa (Marijuana) plant on the male albino rats

Pages: 16-19 English

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cannabis (marijuana) induced toxicity in kidney
tissue. Thirty mature male rats of six to 8-week-old male rats were divided into three groups, ten animals in each
group. Group 1, served as control and received standard diet and tap water (ad libitium), while animals of second
group injected intrapretoneously with 1ml of the solution (5mg/1kg) body weight, while the animals of third
group injected intrapretoneously with 1ml of the solution (10mg/1kg) body weight. Histological examination of
rats kidney treated, with cannabis showed many lesions characterized by coagulative necrosis in epithelium
lining proximal convoluted tubules some of glommeruli revealed bowman's capsules dilatation and other showed

5

crude extract of Cigarette butts caused genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in Allium cepa

Pages: 20-25 English

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Abstract

Allium cepa root meristem cells were used to evaluate cytogenetic effects of cigarette butts crude extract. The
effective concentration (EC50) was determined in Allium root growth as approximately 0.5 mg/ml. Cytological
experiments were carried out using crude extract concentrations 0.25 (EC50/2), 0.5 (EC50) and 1 mg/ml (EC50X2)
at 24, 48, 72 and 96h, with control for each combination. Mitotic index decreased with increasing concentration
of cigarette butts crud extract at each exposure time. Micronucleated cells were observed at interphase. The
frequency of the micronuclei was markedly higher at 1 mg/ml at 48h compared to the other test concentrations.
In anaphase-telophase cells, the total percentages of bridges, vagrant chromosomes, c-anaphase and fragments
according to total cells with chromosome aberrations calculated as 28.42, 16.67, 14.10 and 0.64% respectively.
Total chromosome aberrations increased with an increasing in the cigarette butts crude extract concentration

6

Study on the parasites of chukar partridge Alectoris chukar from Shaqlawa district, Kurdistan region, Iraq

Pages: 26-30 English

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7

The Effect of different Nigella sativa L. seed (cake) concentrations on leukocytes counts and some serum immunological parameters in calves

Pages: 31-35 English

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Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a replacement of Soybean meal (SBM) of the control ration by
Nigella Seed Meal (NSM) on leukocytes and some serum immunological parameters in calves. Fifteen calves
were distributed randomly and equally into three groups, each of five animals, NSM was used at levels 0, 7 and
11% of the total food for a feeding period of 105 days. The results of immunological parameters: total serum
protein, globulin, albumin and albumin:globulin ratio (A:G) of calves fed NSM were apparently higher than
those fed with the control ration, but with non significant differences by the treatment; on the other hand, serum
triglyceride, cholesterol, total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count DLC were not affected
significantly. It is recommended to use NSM diet as a non-traditional source of plant protein to be substituted
with soybean meal protein for calves to improve the function of immunological body system against different
diseases and to reduce the risk to illness.

8

Partial Purification and Some Kinetic studies of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) in Normal Human Plasma and Comparing with Primary Infertility Female

Pages: 36-45 English

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Abstract

This study attempts to isolate the glutathione peroxidase(GPx) from normal human plasma compared to
infertility female. Three proteinous components had been isolated by gel filtration chromatography from the
precipitate produced by ammonium sulfate. It was found that only the first peak had a high activity for GPx. The
apparent molecular weight of the isolated GPx using gel filtration (Sephadex G-100) was (88131) dalton
respectively.
Maximum activity for GPx was obtained using (2.5) mmol/l of glutathione (GSH) as substrate, phosphate buffer
(0.3 M/l) as a buffer at pH (6.5) for (14) minutes in incubation at (40)C. Using Line Weaver–Burk plot, the
values of maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) were (1.56 µmol/ min) and (1.1 mmol/l)
respectively. The study showed the effect of some inhibitors on the enzyme activity. Paracetamol and copper
sulfate possessed a noncompetitive inhibition while zinc acetate showed a competitive inhibition .

9

Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid contents of three edible plants from Erbil/Kurdistan

Pages: 46-51 English

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Abstract

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of Malva sylvestris,
Gundelitournefortii andEminium jaegeri and to determine their total contents of phenolics, flavonoid and
ascorbic acid. The extract were screened for their possible antioxidant potentials by using in vitro –antioxidant
models including total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and metal chelating activity . The total contents of
phenol, flavonoid and alkaloid, ascorbic acid were quantitatively estimated in edible part of these plants which is
including leaves, stem and root. Results showed that the methanol extracts of these plants exhibited significant
antioxidant activity by different assays and contained significant levels of phenolics, flavonoids and ascorbic
acid.The methanolic extract of Eminim jaegeri exhibited higher antioxidant, reducing power, and metal chelating
activity than the methanolic extracts of other plants and has highest phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid and ascorbic
acid content. Gundeli tournefortii has shown similar activity whereas the methanolic extract of Malva sylvestris
exhibited the lowest activity.Overall result showed that these plants can serve as good source of bioactive
polyphenols in the human diet and can be regarded as good candidates for nutritional supplement formulation
due to their high concentration of total phenol compounds, flavonoid, ascorbic acids as well as their strong
antioxidant activity.

10

Extraction and Estimation of Some Trace Elements from Different Fish Species from Tigris River, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Pages: 52-55 English

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Abstract

The objective of the current study involved the description of an important method of extracting some trace
elements such as Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium
(Na) and Potassium (K) from four fish species; Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius), Asian Jirri (Silurus triostegus),
Himri (Barbas luteus) and Marmaritch (Mastacembleus mastacembleus) by using a mixture of strong acids in the
edible muscle tissues of these fish species from Tigris river (Kurdistan Region, Duhok-Sharea). The minerals were
measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The chemical analyses revealed that the concentrations of some
trace elements in fishes were significantly different among fish species. Concentrations of Ca, Fe and Na were
significantly higher in muscle of Himri (p> 0.001), whereas Cu and K were significantly higher in Crucian Carp (p>
0.001). Asian Jirri has the highest levels (p> 0.001) of Zn. On the other hand, no significant differences were
observed in Mn and Mg levels between fish species.

11

Application of Factorial Design for Optimization of Flow-Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Tetracycline in Some Pharmaceutical Formulations

Pages: 56-62 English

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Abstract

A simple and rapid flow injection (FI) spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of tetracycline (TC)
has been developed. The method is based on the injection of 150 μl standard or sample solution into a distilled
water carrier stream which merged at the merging zone with ferric nitrate solution with the optimum flow rate of
1.5 mL/min, subsequently the reaction will occur inside the reactor coil, forming brown color product that
monitored at 418 nm. The flow injection experimental conditions were optimized by means of full factorial
design. Under the optimum conditions, calibration graph was obtained over the range 2.0-120 μg/ml with a
detection limit of 1.0 μg/ml. The correlation coefficient and molar absorptivity were 0.9994 and 4.343x103
L/mol.cm respectively. The results showed a good precision and accuracy. The method was successfully applied
to the determination of tetracycline in pharmaceutical formulations and showed good agreement with those
obtained by the standard method at 95% confidence level, with a sample throughput of 60/h.

12

Synthesis and studying the electrical conductivity and optical storage properties of some azo polymers

Pages: 63-69 English

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Abstract

Seven azo polymers of different azo content and different intra-spacing linkage (aromatic or aliphatic esters and
aromatic amide) are prepared by using interfacial polymerization process . The synthesized polymers were
characterized by IR, H1NMR and C13NMR. The electrical conductivity and its activation energy were measured
by using three probe cell. The optical absorbance measurement were carried out on the thin film of the prepared
polymers through irradiation by 20 mW/ cm2
green laser beam for appropriate time until saturation.
It was shown that there are many factors affecting on the electrical conductivity and the energy storege and
release like chain flexibility and the type of spacing groups between the azo moieties.
The content of azo groups within the repeating unit showed an effect on the electrical conductivity but has no
effect on the optical properties.

13

Loquate Stones, a novel feedstock for Activated carbon production through chemical activation

Pages: 70-75 English

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to produce activated carbons with high adsorption capacities from Loquate stones.
Chemical activation using phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide was used to produce the activated carbons.
Surface area of the produced carbon were determined through various methods namely adsorption from solution
by using iodine, p-nitro phenol and methylene blue as solutes, adsorption from vapor phase by using hexane and
ethanol vapors, and retention method by using ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether (EGME) as an adsorbate
.Surface area of the produced carbons were high using iodine as adsorbate implying that the produced carbons
have micro porous structure. Furthermore, adsorption isotherms of the adsorption of methylene blue and PNP
were determined and found conform with Langmuir type of adsorption which indicates the micro porous
structure of the produced carbons.

14

Flocculation and filtration of effluent water samples

Pages: 76-81 English

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Abstract

The use of Polyferric sulfate (PFS) flocculation, followed by glass fibre filtration, reduced the levels of resin
acids, colour and 5 Day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) in pond 1 water by more than 90% and appears to
at least as effective as the existing secondary treatment system. This Observation indicate that primary
flocculation/filtration technology could be as least as efficient as the existing secondary system process for resin
acid, 5 Day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and turbidity removal and more effective for colour removal.
Preliminary cost estimates also indicate its probable cost effectiveness; this could be improved by the possibility
of recovery or partial recovery and reuse of the flocculating agent

15

Spectrophotometric Determination of Propranolol Hydrochloride and Application to Pharmaceutical Preparations

Pages: 82-87 English

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Abstract

A spectroscopic method has been used in this study for determining the drug compound (Propranolol
Hydrochloride) as a pure substance and in pharmaceutical preparations using UV-Vis. spectroscopy. The
procedure included reduction of Fe (III) ions to Fe (II) ions which reacted with potassium, hexa ferriccyanide, to
form a bluish-green precipitate soluble in acidic solution. The maximum absorption has been measured at
wavelength (726)nm. The reaction conditions have been studied including sequence additions, concentration and
volume of reactants, acidity, temperature and time of reaction. The optimum conditions of reaction have been
fixed and two methods have been used for determining Propranolol hydrochloride (PPH), the first, is the direct
standard calibration curve, and the second is standard additions curve. Both methods showed linearity range
between (0.25-7.0)µg.ml-1
, detection limit (0.084)µg.ml-1
, correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9998 and the absorption
coefficient molarities for the complex formed (Ɛ) = 2.9 ×104 L.mol-1
.cm-1
, and sandel sensitivity =
(0.0007)µg.cm2
, recovery percentage value (%Rec.) = 99.932, the relative standard deviation (%RSD) = 0.5,
which means that there are matching between both two methods in determination clearly

16

Synthesis of some new azo and shiff basederivatives derived from phthalazineandpyridazine

Pages: 88-96 English

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Abstract

The prepared compound 2-amino -5-mercapto -1,3,4-thiadiazol (1) was converted to hydrazineo derivative(2)by
the reaction with hydrazine hydrate
Compound(2) was reacted with phthalic anhydride to give phthalazine derivative(3)and also maleic anhydride
to give pyridazine derivative(4 ).
The amino group in these derivatives was converted to azo group (N=N) andazomethine (C=N)(shiffs base ) .
Respectively using different aromatic phenol such as (resorcinol) and also different aromatic aldehydes such as
(p- hydroxyl benzaldehyde , p- N,N-Di methyl benzaldehyde , p chlorobenzaldehyde).
The prepared compounds were identified using melting point apparatus , I.R- spectro photo meter and H1
-
N.M.Rspectrophotometerfor compound (5,10,14).

17

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study of 6-methoxy benzthiazole azo- ßnaphthole Dye Adsorption by Activated Car

Pages: 97-104 English

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Abstract

A commercial activated carbon was used for the adsorption of azo dye from aqueous solution employing batch
method. This dye was synthesized in our laboratory from the reaction of 6-methoxy-2-amino-benzothiazole and
ß-naphthole via diazonium ions. The effect of pH, temperature, and contact time on dye removal was
investigated. The apparent thermodynamic parameters were estimated and the obtained results concluded that,
the dye adsorbed onto activated carbon is exothermic and spontaneous processes. The kinetic of adsorption was
conducted by using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models. The results of the kinetic analysis
showed that, the second order equation was more appropriate and better fit the experimental data.

18

Preparation Of Phosphorized Granular Activated Carbon From Beet Molasses Using Concentrated H3po4

Pages: 105-114 English

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Abstract

In the present study, the activation features of phosphoric acid have been investigated using beet molasses as a
raw material at 150ºC in production of phosphorized granular activated carbon (PGAC). The quality of the
prepared carbon was tested by measuring its iodine number and ability to adsorb methylene blue dye. The
density, moisture content, hardness, effective size, and total ash content were also evaluated. The obtained
results were compared with a carbon of a commercial grade supplied by the BDH chemical company. The
comparison proved that the prepared carbon is of a good quality and comparable to the commercial one. IR
analysis showed the (-H2PO3) groups were present on the surface of prepared PGAC which enlarged the pores
sizes. The PGAC was used for the sorption of MB dye from aqueous solutions at 25ºC. The equilibrium sorption
isotherms have been analyzed by the models Freundlich and Langmuir methods. The Freundlich isotherm had
the highest correlation coefficient.

19

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal (II) Complexes of Dithiocarbamate

Pages: 115-121 English

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Abstract

The synthesis of dithiocarbamato ligand (AIDTC) produce from reaction of H2NCH2CH2NH2 with CS2, CH2I2,
as well as its coordination compounds with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Hg(II) are reported. The
synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis for metals, magnetic, molar conductance
measurements , electronic and IR spectral studies. From the analytical data the following. general formula was
suggested [M (L)2Cl2] where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), L = N2H CH2CH2 NH CS2 CH2I
(AIDTC).
Magnetic susceptibility and electronic spectral studies suggest an octahedral structure for Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II),
Cu(II) complexes and tetrahedral structure for Zn(II), Hg(II) complexes

20

New mercury (II) complexes containing the mixed ligands 5-phenyl -1,3,4- oxadiazole-2-thione, and diphosphines Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2, n= 1-4 or triphenyl phosphine

Pages: 122-126 English

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Abstract

Reaction [HgX2]( X= Cl, Br, I, SCN) with one mole proportion of thione ligand 5-phenyl -1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-
thione (AH) gave tetrahedral complexes of the type [HgX2(AH)]2. But reaction of [Hg(OAc)2] with two mole
proportion of AH in the presence Et3N gave linear complex of the type [HgA2]. Treatment of [HgA2] with two
mole proportion of PPh3 or one mole proportion of the diphosphine Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (n=1-4) gave tetrahedral
complexes of the type [HgA2(PPh3)2], [HgA2(µ-Ph2PCH2PPh2)]2, [HgL2(Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2)] n=2-4 respectively.
The prepared complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra,
1H , 13C-{
1H} and 31P-{
1H} n.m.r.
data

21

Some New Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff Base derived from 4,4- diaminodiphenyl methane with benzoyl acetone

Pages: 127-134 English

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Abstract

The synthesis of some new complexes was performed by the reaction of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal
ions with Schiff base (molar ratio 1:1). The ligand bis (α- acetonyl benzylidine) - 4,4-
- diaminodi phenyl
methane (AB)2 – APM was obtained by the condensation of 4, 4
-
diaminodiphenyl methane with benzoyl
acetone .The complexes of the general formula [M2LH2Cl4] and [M2LCl2] (where LH2 and L are neutral and
dibasic form of the ligand , M=Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II). For those formed by the reaction of metal salts
and the ligand in neutral and basic medium, respectively. The resulting complexes were characterized by using
elemental analysis, molar conductances , infrared , electronic spectra and magnetic measurements. These studies
revealed that {(AB)2 – APM} ligand formed tetradentate dinuclear and high stability complexes with most
expected tetrahedral or square planar for complexes formed in neutral and alkaline medium

22

Investigate and study the Effect Of Electromagnetic Radiations Emitted From 400KV High Voltage Transmission Lines On Human Health

Pages: 135-139 English

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Abstract

High Voltage transmission lines are a channels for electric power transmission at extra high voltage .So, in the
vicinity of the transmission network lines arises electromagnetic fields which its intensity dependent on the
amount of current that flowing in the conductor and the distance to the conductor. Nowadays, people are highly
concerned about the effects of high voltage transmission lines on their health. Probable risk for leukemia, breast
cancer, neuropsychological disorders and reproductive outcomes has been reported due to this exposure. In this
research it has been analyzed the magnetic field at ground level under 400 kV network extended in Tikrit city
with a common configuration .The aim of research is to investigate the probability of health hazards of the
exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted from high voltage transmission lines. research had been conducted in
two ways ,mathematical calculation and practical measurements and comparing these measurements with the
international standards reference values. results indicate that they fall within the safe limits recommended by the
World Health Organization, and this means that there is no risk of exposure to these areas if the exposure is for a
short time and is within acceptable limits.

23

Line Thickness for Various Characteristic Impedance of Microstrip Line

Pages: 140-144 English

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24

The structural and optical properties of nonstoichiometric AgAlS2 thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method

Pages: 145-149 English

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25

Suitability of Recent Clays for Clay Bricks manufacturing within Nineveh Governorate

Pages: 150-158 English

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Abstract

Field surveying, engineering tests and laboratory test analysis have shown that some of the local soils available
in Nineveh governorate are suitable for production of clay bricks satisfying class A, class B and class C
according to Iraqi standard No.25 1988.These soils include recent floodplains belongs to Al-Gayyara (GA) and
recent sediments belongs to Al- Rashidia (RA) location. GA soil used directly and without treatment by sand,
while RA soil was treated with different percentages of sand (10%, 30% and 50%) in order to improve their
physical, chemical and engineering properties.
The engineering tests have shown that the properties of the fired samples are affected directly by both the firing
temperature and sand percentage. It is noted that increasing the firing temperature from 1100 ᵒC to 1150 ᵒC
increases the compressive strength of GA samples from 22.50 MPa to 61.59 MPa (about 3 times) while the
compressive strength of RA samples treated with 10% of sand is increased from 34.73 MPa to 56.80 MPa. The
water absorption of GA samples reduced from 17.05% to 13.05% when the firing temperature increased from
1100 ᵒC to 1150 ᵒC while the water absorption of RA samples treated by 10% sand reduced from 13.33% to
3.48% when the temperature increased from 1100 ᵒC to 1150 ᵒC. The optimum firing temperature and optimum
sand content which give the highest compressive strength, lowest water absorption and minimum amount of
cracks were 1100 ºC and 10% respectively for RA location, while the optimum firing temperature which give
the highest compressive strength and lowest water absorption for GA location was 1150 ºC without any addition
of sand

26

Two New Species of Genus Acanthocythereis Howe of Ostracoda from Akashat Formation (Early-Late Paleocene) of Western Iraq.

Pages: 159-163 English

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27

On Some Species Of The Superfamily Cytheracea (Ostracoda) From Euphrates Formation And Serikagni / Euphrates Intertonguing In Hamrin Well No.12 And Ajille Well No.6, N. Iraq.

Pages: 164-171 English

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28

Contra-Continuous Functions in Bitopological Spaces

Pages: 172-177 English

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29

On Preliminary Group Classification For A Class Of Nonlinear Wave Equations

Pages: 178-185 English

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30

SMS- Classroom Feedback Systems

Pages: 186-190 English

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Abstract

Abstract
Nowadays, the use of mobile phone by University teachers and students are rapid upward. The mobile
technology has an effective role in the society and very fast growing in both academic and industrial sectors. For
instance; in the academic sector (universities) the mobile technology modify the traditional (paper-and-pencil
feedback of lecturer evaluation by students) toward short message services (SMS) feedback system. The
processing environment of the proposed system is return to hardware and software requirements: the minimum
hardware requirement is any mobile-phone with SMS facility, Nokia mobile-phone model 6300 Express was
used on this research. Furthermore the software that used for designing the proposed feedback system was Visual
Basic and Microsoft Access. Thus; the computer department is concerned by the insufficiency of physical
feedback or traditional feedback (TF) and their inappropriate results, speed, space, cost and unreliability.The
only innovative solution for insufficiency and inappropriate difficulties of traditional approach is implementing a
SMS-CFS (SMS- Classroom Feedback Systems). This paper describes the development of a SMS-based
communication between the students and the Quality Assurance (QA) manager of the Faculty of Science
Computer Department regarding of the lecturers ability evaluation of teaching quality via the application of
SMS- Classroom feedback system at Sulamani University, the human reactivity of the developed application was
compared with that of TF

31

Combined Extended CG Algorithm With Self-Scaling (VM) Updates in Unconstrained Optimization

Pages: 191-196 English

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32

Using boundary integral equation method to solve Plane strain problems of asymmetric elasticity

Pages: 196-198 English

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33

Some properties of weakly open functions in intuitionistic bitopological spaces

Pages: 199-105 English

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34

On Almost J - injectivity and J –Regularity of Rings

Pages: 206-210 English

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35

Existence and Uniqueness Solution of fractional Nonlinear IntegroDifferential Equation of Order 2 wi

Pages: 211-215 English

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