kufa journal Physical Education Sciences

In addition to the strength of the arms, the two men are among the important influences in all arena and field games, as their strength is a priority during training for various events, including throwing events. Players of Iraqi clubs, and the sample included players from some clubs, numbering (15) players (5) players for each event, and the researchers used the descriptive approach to achieve the goal of the research, and the researchers used the statistical bag (SPSS) to process the data, and according to the results that were collected, it was found that there is a superiority among the players Discus throwing over the rest of the weighty activities and hammer throwing. The researchers recommended focusing on developing this important characteristic and conducting research on other samples, levels and activities.

The aim of the research is to identify the emotional response and its relationship to the psychological integration of the players of the handball Premier League clubs. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of a survey study and correlational relationships, and the research community was identified with the Iraqi club players participating in the fourth group in the qualifying round for the handball Premier League for the sports season 2023-2024, which Its matches were held in the sports hall in Al-Mansour in Baghdad Governorate, and they were (Diyala, Al-Suniya, Tishreen, Al-Taawoun, Naft Al-Wasat, and Karbala). They numbered (96) players, from whom (40) players were chosen to represent the research sample. They were chosen randomly after excluding the exploratory experiment sample, which consisted of (40) players. Their number is (5) players, so the final total of the research sample is (35) players, representing a percentage of (36.45%). The researcher concluded that the level of psychological integration among the members of the research sample was high and statistically significant, and the results showed the existence of a significant correlation between emotional response and psychological integration. Among the Iraqi handball club players in the fourth group in the qualifiers for the Premier League, and through the above, the researcher recommends paying attention to developing psychological integration by using modern methods because they have a positive impact on the performance of sports skills and developing their emotional response, and the interest of the clubs’ administrative bodies, represented by coaches and administrators. The importance of emotional response and psychological integration in the training process

The study aims to design educational exercises in the style of mastery learning (mastery) to develop transitional speed and learn the skills of quick tapping and changing direction with basketball and its impact on the experimental sample. Therefore, using the experimental method to suit the nature of the research by designing two equal groups (experimental - control) with pre- and post-tests, and the target sample is A group of basketball players in the city of Ramadi, aged 14-15 years. The total number is (26) players. They were deliberately selected and randomly divided by lottery into two groups, each of which included (9) players. The remaining ones were excluded because they participated in the exploratory experiment, and they were (8) players. With a percentage of (22.69%), then equivalence was conducted and made into pre-tests, then the exercises were applied exclusively to the experimental, interspersed with diagnostic tests. As for the control group, it was content with the (traditional) approach, and accordingly the application of the main experiment continued for (12) weeks at a rate of (24) units, at the rate of two units per week. Then the post-tests were applied and the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the exercises had an effective impact in developing transitional speed and learning the skills of rapid thrusting and changing direction on the research sample, and when compared statistically with the results of the control, it was found that there was development and the preference goes back to the experimental in different percentages, and accordingly a number of The most important recommendations are working on using the “mastery” method in subsequent research and on new skills and variables according to age group and sports leve

The continuity of changes occurring in the game of football required the use of a system of quantitative estimates of the players' biomotor, skill, psychological and tactical capabilities and specifications, in addition to many other indicators for the players, and for the purpose of determining the biomotor capabilities and competencies enjoyed by football players, where tests were used to measure what the athlete has accomplished, and what the training and tactical curricula used have achieved in terms of development, that all long-term plans must be based on the levels of juniors and diagnosed through objective tests and measurements of the indicators that must be relied upon when choosing them. In the field of selection, there must be predictive values ​​and measures that take into account all physical measurements and biomotor and physiological capabilities that contribute accurately and directly to the skill performance levels of the players as an indication for choosing junior football players, and trying to work on them to achieve the best levels and results and bring them to high levels. The problem of the research lies in the neglect of some trainers who are responsible for training the objective selection process according to limited indicators. The researcher tried to address and analyze this matter by finding a scientific formula to adopt bio-kinetic capabilities as an indication of what the players’ skill levels will lead to in order to save money and effort in the process of selecting players who have high readiness to reach high levels.

The importance of the research is to raise the level of performance of basic skills on the balance beam using the correct education, model and appropriate principle such as the EDGA model and the principle of positive cooperative interdependence that encourages the learner to perform correctly on these devices through the feedback used in cooperation with the learners in learning these skills for female gymnasts. While the problem of the research was that the basic skills on the balance beam and the movements performed by the learner are among the most difficult movements in gymnastics, which requires cooperation between learners in implementing these movements and correcting mistakes among them. The best method is cooperative learning that contains advanced educational models such as the EDGA model and principles that rise to the level of cooperation in implementation such as the principle of positive interdependence, and thus advanced educational outcomes will be achieved. The most important objectives of the research were: - Identifying the effect of the (EDGA) model according to the principle of (positive interdependence) cooperative learning of some skills for the effectiveness of the balance beam in artistic gymnastics for women. Accordingly, the conclusions were: The (EDGA) model, according to the principle of (positive interdependence) and cooperation, achieved the learning objectives and helped in achieving the achievement of learning some balance beam skills in artistic gymnastics for women. The recommendation was: Adopting the (EDGA) model, according to the principle of (positive interdependence) and cooperation, because it achieved the learning objectives and also helped in achieving the achievement of learning some balance beam skills in artistic gymnastics for women.

Studying the capabilities of each learner and what the educational process requires, identifying the location of the defect and searching for solutions to it, and thus methods began to emerge as an ideal solution to bring about a qualitative leap in the level of swimmer performance, so that various strategies, methods and models were developed, specific to each stage of learning. Studying the potential of each learner and what the educational process requires, identifying the location of the defect and searching for solutions to it, and thus methods began to emerge as an ideal solution to create a qualitative leap in the level of swimmer performance, so that strategies, methods and various models were developed, especially for each stage of learning. This in turn led to getting rid of many of the negative cases that swimmers suffer from during the different stages of the race, as well as research and development in the level of swimmers’ performance by providing greater opportunities for learning through stimulation to generate creative ideas that were not previously known in the United States of America. They originated and developed in the embrace of American industry, then were adapted in the field of education and teaching, then were used by several countries, most notably (Japan), but unfortunately they are still relatively strange to our psychological and educational thinking, as they represent a mechanism of creative thinking by finding relationships between concepts that did not have known apparent relationships originally. Therefore, the stimuli presented were called random stimuli for each stage and for each part of the body according to the requirements required by the technical performance of that stage, which consequently leads to creating a qualitative leap in the level of swimmer performance and achieving the desired goal.

Organized sports training has positive advantages and broad and comprehensive trends, and it helps in developing many topics related to training, including an important and vital component, which is physical qualities or (elements of physical fitness) and functional efficiency. The main trend is to find the basic and broad training base to acquire physical fitness, which consists of developing the general level of the body's functional capabilities and the multi-faceted development of characteristics. For this reason, many of those in charge of the training process resort to using the best training method and different methods, in order to obtain the best level. (Abdul Haq and Al-Qudomi, 2003) indicate that physical fitness is one of the most important goals that physical education seeks to achieve, as it is the main means of developing physical and functional capabilities as well. Those working in the field of sports have been interested in searching for the best training methods and ways to bring the trainee to the highest possible degree of physical and motor ability within the available training period during training sessions on the field or training hall. In general, sports training helps the player improve his physical and functional abilities according to the activity or game practiced, using several training methods and techniques that help him achieve his goal in the most correct way and manner.

The study aims to prepare competitive playing situations and to identify their effect and preference compared to traditional exercises in teaching some defensive and offensive group plans in the game of handball. The research used the experimental method by designing groups of unequal numbers with pre- and post-tests. The research sample represented third-year students at the College of Physical Education. and Sports Sciences at Anbar University. A form was designed to observe group plans and record their repetitions, in addition to designing (12) competitive playing situations. A form was used to observe collective offensive and defensive plans in the pre-

The overlapping of different sciences and their tremendous development has given rise to development in all areas of life and due to the world's interest in sports and the pursuit of reaching the highest levels in the sports field through the wonderful achievements in various aspects of sports thanks to the reliance on scientific methods and methods in sports training and biomechanical analysis of variables and finding correlations and contribution ratio of variables In performance, experts and scholars in this field have worked to study everything related to achieving achievement and improving it, as the aspiration of scientists, experts and physical education specialists in harnessing the supporting sciences and the results of recent research and studies to develop sports performance for various events plays an important role in achieving advanced levels for all sports, including the game Ping Pong . The study was conducted on (10) players of the Khanaqin Sports Club with table tennis in Diyala Governorate, and they were chosen by the intentional method. Biomechanical variables on a group of gentlemen experts and specialists in the field of table tennis and biomechanics. In light of the results presented in the fourth chapter, the researcher reached the conclusions that there are significant contribution rates for some kinematic variables and the accuracy of the front straight strike in table tennis. The knee flexion angle variable contributed by 92%. And the total time by 96%. Variable trunk angle by 98%. And the elbow angle variable, which is the most contributing percentage, amounted to 99%. The researcher recommended that the trainers should have knowledge of the basics and rules of biomechanics and kinetic analysis in addition to other sciences so that they can have the correct training according to the scientific foundations and the correct information.

Gymnastics is considered one of the leading sports in producing advanced movements, owing to the diversity of gymnastics apparatuses and the wide range of skills performed on them. The importance of this research lies in the need to enhance the motivation of learners by encouraging them and preparing them psychologically to prevent the occurrence of anxiety, which would in turn increase practice and performance repetition in an attempt to achieve better results in skill levels. The study aims to identify the relationship between state anxiety and the performance of certain artistic gymnastics skills among students.

The research problem revolves around the necessity of improving learners' motivation through psychological support and encouragement to prevent anxiety and to boost the frequency and quality of skill practice. Accordingly, this study explores the nature of the relationship between state anxiety and the performance of selected artistic gymnastics skills among students.

The objective of the study is to identify the correlation between state anxiety and the execution of some artistic gymnastics skills among students. The researchers adopted the descriptive-correlational method. The research community consisted of third-year students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa, totaling 70 students. The primary experiment was conducted on the research sample, and the researchers utilized the anxiety scale developed by Mazin Hadi and Mohammed Ali, which was applied to measure the level of anxiety. Additionally, a skill-based test was conducted for two gymnastics skills: the front handspring on the floor exercise and the vault table.

After completing all procedures, the researchers collected and statistically processed the data. The results revealed a significant correlation between the study variables. The findings led to several conclusions, the most important of which was that there is a direct (positive) relationship between the levels of state anxiety and the motor performance of the student sample. The researchers recommend offering guidance and counseling sessions to help reduce state anxiety levels among practicing individuals.

The change occurring in tactical performance while performing sports movements and skills is linked to the educational, training, and psychological principles of most movement sentences. It is commen knowledge that tactical acheivemente in football is linked with the rules of team play and cooperation between players in drawing tactical sentences. There is no doubt that the movements of the players in the match must be coordinated and purposeful, and each player must understand and anticipate the movements of his teammates on the field of play in the match and in training.

Accordingly, the main objectives of the research were as follows:
 Knowing the relationship between tactical performance and innovative talent of players in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate clubs in youth football.
 Knowing the percentage of contribution of innovative talent to the tactical performance of players of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate clubs in youth football.
 Predicting the tactical performance of players in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate clubs in youth football in terms of innovative talent
To achieve these goals, the descriptive approach with its survey style and the study of corresponding relations was dependt while the research instruments were young football players belonging to the Al-Qadisiyah Governorate youth clubs / Iraq, from eight clubs, namely (Al-Ittifaq, Al-Najma, Al-Hamza, Al-Yaqda, Ghams, Al-Shamiya, and Afak). The number of players (80), also information gathering tools. . . After multiple processes of to ensure the viability of the innovative talent measure, the researcher began imaging procedures, and using suitable statistical approaches to maintain the results in a way that to get benefit of the research and achieves the aims. The researcher assumed guessed statment through which tactical performance can be predicted, in terms of innovative talent. He also concluded that: Tactical performance has strong effectelive correlation with innovative talent.

The educational program for complex educational pillars in developing the creative abilities of middle school students, and that the human domain includes fifth-grade science students and the spatial domain for experimentation in Sana’a High School, while the spatial domain was in building tests of artistic creative abilities in the central middle schools in the city of Diwaniyah (the governorate center) The time frame is the academic year (2023-2024), and the researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research. As for the research sample, it consisted of (60) female students in the fifth scientific grade, with two groups of (30) female students in each group. The first group taught using complex educational supports, while the experimental group The second is taught without educational supports, but only sports performances. The researchers adopted the analogical design, which includes two experimental groups as well as equivalence procedures between the two groups and a post-test. The program took (6) weeks with (3) units per week, and then the research tools (abilities) were applied. Creativity, fluency, flexibility, originality), and the researcher used statistical methods consisting of (percentage to determine the percentage of expert agreement, simple correlation coefficient, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Levene’s test, t-test for two independent samples, chi-square test)6
The researcher concluded that the students of the first experimental group, which was taught the strategy of complex educational props, were superior to their peers in the second experimental group, which was taught according to the strategy of linking motor sentences, in motor creative abilities for sports performances (expressive motor fluency, expressive motor flexibility, expressive motor originality

The importance of the research lies in studying anxiety and its significant role in the accuracy of performing the serving skill among female students, as well as identifying the relationship between them. The research problem was attributed by the researchers to facilitative and debilitative anxiety and their reflection on skill performance. Therefore, the researchers decided to investigate this problem. The study aimed to identify the relationship between facilitative and debilitative anxiety and the accuracy performance of the underhand serve skill in volleyball among female students.
The researchers hypothesized that there is a correlational relationship between anxiety states (facilitative and debilitative) and the accuracy of the underhand serve skill in volleyball. The descriptive method was used due to its suitability to the nature of the research problem and the achievement of the study objectives. The research population consisted of third-stage female students for the academic year (2022–2023), numbering (44) students, while the research sample consisted of (39) students.
The third chapter also included the research procedures, the pilot experiment, the main experiment, and the statistical methods used. The study concluded that there is a significant correlational relationship between facilitative and debilitative anxiety and the accuracy performance of the underhand serve skill in volleyball. Anxiety was found to have an important role in performing the underhand serve skill accurately, as demonstrated through the correct and effective performance of the skill.
The researchers recommended the necessity of paying attention to measuring facilitative and debilitative anxiety in other volleyball skills, as well as emphasizing the importance of the serving skill because it is one of the fundamental skills in volleyball. They also recommended conducting further studies on different samples, clubs, and age groups

Research Abstract: The importance of this research lies in its highlighting the use of modern exercises that combine competition and education simultaneously, thus helping to improve students' technical performance in a scientifically sound manner. It also contributes to linking the theoretical aspects of biomechanics with practical application in the field, which provides a more effective teaching method for developing students' performance. The research problem was: There is a noticeable weakness in the level of some biomechanical variables among students during the 100-meter sprint, which directly affects their performance time. The research objective was to identify the impact of competitive educational exercises on improving the level of some biomechanical variables and performance in the 100-meter sprint for students. The educational approach was used, and the research sample consisted of first-year students. After implementing competitive educational exercises, the most important conclusions were reached: the competitive educational exercises achieved the educational and instructional objectives of improving certain biomechanical variables and students' performance in the 100-meter sprint. The most important recommendation was to adopt the used competitive educational exercises because they achieved the educational and instructional objectives of improving certain biomechanical variables and students' performance in the 100-meter sprint.