Damo Journal of Sports Sciences

Recent years have witnessed great development and progress in all fields, as the authorities concerned with education have sought to develop their systems in a manner consistent with the nature of the learner, his tendencies and trends, and to work on providing modern educational capabilities and techniques in order to achieve educational goals, by bringing students to a state of skillful and technical performance and applying and mastering skills correctly by relying on special strategies appropriate for learning those skills. This research aims to identify the effect of the tripartite dialogue strategy on learning some basic football skills for students, and to identify the differences in learning the performance of some basic football skills for students between the experimental and control groups, as the researchers used the experimental method in the style of two equivalent groups (experimental, control) with Pre-test and post-test, and the research community was the fourth-grade literary students at Al-Karrar Secondary School for Boys affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Babylon Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024), numbering (42) students, and the research sample was selected at (24) students divided equally into two experimental and control groups, where the educational units were applied for a period of (6) weeks at a rate of one educational unit per week, with a time of (45) minutes, and the steps of the triple dialogue strategy were applied, and the research came out with a set of conclusions, including: The triple dialogue strategy has a positive effect on learning to perform some basic football skills for students, and that applying the triple dialogue strategy gave a broader understanding of the basic football skills for students, as the researchers recommended: Emphasizing the conduct of similar and similar studies using the triple dialogue strategy in its three dimensions on other samples and games as it is one of the modern interactive strategies.

The objectives of the research included preparing an educational curriculum using the Trajist model in psychological orientation and learning the skills of passing and rolling with a football for students and identifying the effect of the educational curriculum using the Trajist model and the method followed in psychological orientation and learning the skills of passing and rolling with a football for students for the control and experimental research groups in the pre- and post-tests and identifying the effect of the educational curriculum using the Trajist model and the method followed in psychological orientation and learning the skills of passing and rolling with a football for students for the control and experimental research groups in the post-tests. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups to suit the nature of the research, and the researcher conducted his field experiment on a sample consisting of (40) students, and the sample percentage from the original community was equal to (19.04), and homogeneity and equivalence were carried out for the sample in the research variables where The first experimental group used the Atrajist model, while the second group used the method of the follower and knowing their effect on the psychological direction and the skills (rolling and passing) in football, in addition to including the exploratory experiment, and implementing the steps of preparing the two methods and the scientific foundations for the tests, and then conducting the pre- and post-tests. The researcher reached some conclusions, the most important of which was that the control and experimental research groups achieved an improvement in the study variables of the psychological direction and the skills of rolling and passing in football for students. The experimental group that used the Trajist model method also excelled compared to the control group that used the traditional method followed by the teacher.

The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of time management and the relationship between time management and job performance level among supervisors of technical schools in the sports talent development sector in the south-central region. A research group (each numbered 130) was prepared. A questionnaire containing (24) time management phrases and (10) job performance phrases was distributed to a group of professional experts. The axes and paragraphs were consistent with a consistency rate of (80%). The researcher came up with the main findings: The members of the study sample were interested in time management methods that would help improve job performance, while time management barriers (personal, organizational, technical) affect and reduce job performance. The main recommendations are: The colleges should provide material and spiritual incentives as a good and appropriate entry point for efficient job performance and satisfactory results, and conduct training courses for supervisors to effectively teach them how to manage time and get rid of time wasters using a dedicated program.

Body measurements are one of the important foundations that affect the player's performance in volleyball, and some consider it a factor of excellence in this game, especially in the early stages of learning the game. Body measurements are also one of the sources of individual differences in athletic performance.
The research aims to identify the relationship between some body measurements and the skill of blocking the smash, as well as to identify the level of skill performance to block the smash.
The researchers assumed the existence of statistical significance between some body measurements and the level of smash performance.
The researchers used the descriptive approach with correlational relationships.
The research community and sample were determined as third-stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Karbala for the academic year 2023 - 2024.
The research results were significant in the main tests of the research, and from them the researchers concluded that the body measurements have a clear effect on the level of performance of the research sample.

The importance of the research comes from using theories that give the correct interpretation in education and reduce the effort for the learner and the teacher through the optimal use of repetitions in healthy and appropriate education, including Guthrie's educational theory, which has proven its role and effectiveness in learning the correct performance and with appropriate repetitions. The research problem was: Compound skills are the second stage of education after mastering the skills individually, and here it requires mastering them more and teaching them, and because they are interconnected and similar in some movements, they must be repeated regularly and according to their difficulty, and here it requires a teaching and learning method that depends on understanding this performance and appropriate repetition. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of Guthrie's theory in determining repetitions to learn some complex basketball skills for students. Accordingly, the conclusions were: Guthrie's theory in achieving the objectives of teaching and education according to determining the repetitions to learn some complex skills in basketball for students. And it was recommended: Adopting Guthrie's theory in achieving the objectives of teaching and education according to determining the repetitions to learn some complex skills in basketball for students.

The abstract of the study on the methodology of using the kinetic diagram in teaching skillful performance in some basic situations in karate sport is as follows: This study focuses on the effect of motor schemes on the progression of skill chains in improving skillful performance in karate. The research examines various aspects of karate performance, including athletic abilities, technique recognition, biomechanical analysis, movement patterns, and coordinative indicators. It is found that training good motor coordination optimizes motor skills and leads to improvement in specific movements with continued practice. The analysis of movement coordination provides insight into the mechanisms of explosive movements, such as circular kicks. The study compares the effects of single versus multiple training sessions on motor skill retention. The study sample consists of 50 students practicing karate and holding a brown belt. The sample is divided into a control group and an experimental group. Data collection tools include interviews, observation, and the use of the kinetic diagram and innovative chart to analyze skills in karate. Statistical treatments are conducted using the SPSS program. Based on the analysis using the motor skills chart, the study concludes that Kiyagi Zuki demonstrates higher maximal velocity and lower execution time compared to Mawashi grei. This suggests that Kiyagi Zuki has better speed and efficiency. The study recommends focusing on training and practicing Kiyagi Zuki to improve speed and efficiency in executing the skill. However, individual characteristics, preferences, and specific performance goals should also be considered when selecting a skill. The motor skills chart provides valuable insights, but a comprehensive decision should take into account individual factors.

\"The current research aims to know the effect of complex mental exercises on some motor abilities and offensive skills of young football players. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research. The experiment was implemented on a sample of young football players for the sports season (2024-2025). They were chosen intentionally, numbering (24) players, aged (17-19) years, and were divided randomly into two groups, with (10) players for each group after excluding (4) players for the exploratory experiment.\" \"Equivalence was carried out between the two groups in the variables (motor and skill of the research). The experimental design called the design of equivalent groups with an experimental design with a (pre-post) test was adopted and used The researchers used the following statistical methods: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test for related samples, t-test for independent samples), and the researchers reached the following conclusions:

Communication skills are one of the most important skills through which the leader can influence the psychological orientations of the advanced scout and work and interact with him, and hence the importance of this study came in knowing the communication skill of the scout leader, which requires mastering this skill is necessary in order to create a kind of familiarity and brotherhood and stay away from isolation and selfishness and make responsibility and tasks shared between the leader and the advanced scout and its impact on the psychological orientation of the advanced scout teams to drive and interact in scouting work.
The research problem was determined by the fluctuation of the communication skill of the scout leader and whether it is weak or strong, which generates psychological tendencies that distance them from scouting work or endear them to it. The study also aims to: prepare a communication scale for scout leaders and a psychological orientation scale for advanced scout teams from the point of view of participants in scout teams in middle schools, and to know the communication of scout leaders and the psychological orientation of advanced scout teams from the point of view of advanced scout teams, and to know the relationship between communication of scout leaders with the psychological orientation of advanced scout teams in the center of Babil Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships, as the research community was chosen intentionally from members of advanced scout teams in middle schools, amounting to (455) advanced scouts, and the total sample number was (400) advanced scouts, which were chosen randomly. In order to achieve the research objectives, it was required to prepare two scales to measure the research variables, which are the communication skill of scout leaders and the psychological orientation of participants in scout teams (advanced scouts) and to know them and find the relationship between them. The researcher concluded that communication skill is necessary for the scout leader. It has a direct impact on the psychological orientation of the advanced scout and in a direct way, as well as the necessity of having a scale for the communication skill of the scout leader and a scale for the psychological orientation of the advanced scout teams.

Butterfly stroke is considered one of the types of swimming and the most difficult to perform and ranks second in the Olympic ranking in terms of speed after freestyle stroke. Therefore, countries have been interested in it and its development to obtain the largest possible number of medals in championships by developing training curricula using modern means and devices in it to achieve the best results in the future. Therefore, the researcher decided to use an innovative device that provides (the kinetic mechanism of the trunk), in which the trunk is considered the main role in performing the undulating movement and transferring movement from the head to the legs and doing exercises with the device outside the water to develop that movement and thus its impact on achievement in butterfly swimming. The research problem was that effective training methods were not found to facilitate the training process for players, and even if they were found, they did not include the use of ground devices and appropriate auxiliary tools to build the training requirements. As a result, and in an attempt to address this deficiency, the researcher designed a device with the assistance of specialists that achieves this goal, as it is based on rules that actually simulate the motor performance of butterfly swimming inside the water, but this simulation takes place outside the water, especially the undulating movement. The most important goals were to design a training device for the undulating movement of the trunk in butterfly swimming. Preparing exercises outside the water using the innovative training device. The research method was the experimental method using the two equal groups method to suit the nature of the research problem. The research sample was junior swimmers (specialized swimming school) in Baghdad who are good at freestyle swimming (but not good at butterfly swimming). The intentional selection was made and their number was 20. They were divided into experimental and control groups. The results indicated the superiority of the experimental group that used the exercises and the device over the control group.

The importance of the research is evident in preparing standardized training that contributes to developing strength endurance and adapting the pulse rate and giving positive results to 110 m / h runners. The aim of the research is to prepare physical training to develop strength endurance, adapting the pulse rate and achievement among elite 110 m / h runners. The researcher used the experimental method with the pre- and post-test for the experimental and control groups to suit the nature of the research. The research community was determined as elite players in the 110 m / h event for the 2024 sports season, and their number reached (12 players). The researcher concluded that physical training had a positive effect on developing strength endurance, adapting the pulse rate and achievement among elite 110 m / h runners.

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of the two methods of cooperative learning network and overlapping groups in the physical education lesson and the subject of track and field, the effectiveness of long jump, to identify the two methods of cooperative learning network and overlapping groups in the effectiveness of long jump.
The research sample amounted to (30) students distributed into three groups, the first experimental group consisted of (10) students performing the skill using the cooperative learning network method, and the second experimental group consisted of (10) students performing the skill using the cooperative learning method overlapping groups, and the third control group (10) using the method followed. The most important conclusions are that the impact of network cooperative learning and overlapping groups contributed to spreading the spirit of cooperation and strengthening students for each other. Dividing students into heterogeneous motor and skill levels leads to the exchange of opinions between students.

The aim of the current research is to prepare progressive activity exercises to develop the transitional speed and scoring skill in football among young students, and to identify the effect of these progressive activity exercises in developing the transitional speed and scoring skill in football among young students. The researcher adopted the research method (the experimental method) and his sample of (20) students was divided into two groups (experimental and control). The method included progressive activity exercises similar to the performance of the game. The researcher also used tests related to transitional speed and scoring skill in football. His method also included (24) Training units at a rate of three training units per week for a period of (8) weeks. The researcher also used several tools including (field, goal, balls, indicators, obstacles, ...) and conducted a exploratory and main experiment on the research sample individuals. He also used the statistical package SPSS to extract the statistical results. The researcher concluded through the comparison between the pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental groups that there are significant differences and a positive impact on the progressive scoring skill of the experimental group and on the progressive transitional speed.

The importance of the research in applying the correct and appropriate educational model to raise the level of basic defensive handball skills for students. Here we contribute to raising the level of performance in this game and achieving good results. The research problem was: Basic defensive skills are no less important than offensive skills, but the student tends to attack more because of the presence of the ball and controlling it to highlight its capabilities. Here the defense will weaken, which requires us to clarify the importance of defense and how to teach it in the correct way according to a model that attracts the learner in performance and understands its nature and importance in the game of handball. Accordingly, the aim of the research was to identify the effect of Dunn's model in teaching some basic defensive handball skills for students. The researcher used the experimental method, and the sample was the third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Qadisiyah University. The most important conclusions were reached: Dunn's model achieved the educational objectives in teaching some basic defensive handball skills to students. It was recommended: Adopting Dunn's model because it achieved the educational objectives in teaching some basic defensive handball skills to students.

The importance of the research is evident in raising the level of performance in basic skills in the rug of movements according to an educational and thinking model such as the Coscroft model, which enhances the learner's thinking and level and raises the level of mental processes and increases the mental aspect in understanding movements and applying them at a correct educational level. The research problem was: There are multiple educational models and methods, and each method helps in teaching the skills that suit it in terms of understanding and correct application. Therefore, the Coscroft thinking model is one of the correct models in learning skills that require thinking about performance, such as performance in floor movements, thus it is possible to address difficulties and correct implementation. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of the Coscroft thinking model in teaching basic skills of floor movements in artistic gymnastics for female students. The most important conclusions: Koscroff's thinking model is important in raising the level of teaching basic skills of floor movements in artistic gymnastics for female students. It was recommended: Adopting Koscroff's thinking model because of its importance in raising the level of teaching basic skills of floor movements in artistic gymnastics for female students.

One of the most popular team sports, football is practiced among men and women of various ages and skill levels. This sport's physical growth is directly related to contemporary technology and well-organised training, both of which have greatly improved athletic performance.Outstanding performance in football requires high endurance capacity to support sustained physical performance during matches and training, especially given the competitive nature of the game.
This research aims to improve the endurance capacity of Al-Talaba Sports Club players in Baghdad using advanced technologies such as the GPS FieldWiz tracking device and the Polar Verity Sense heart rate monitor. The importance of the research lies in introducing competitive exercises based on modern tracking technologies, which contribute to enhancing players' physical performance efficiency and developing effective training strategies based on accurate scientific data.
The study highlights the need to enhance endurance speed among players, necessitating the use of modern technological devices to analyze performance and design competitive training programs that improve their ability to sustain speed during matches. The results indicate that the use of competitive exercises based on devices such as GPS and Polar has a clear positive impact on developing speed endurance, emphasizing the importance of integrating these technologies into sports training plans to achieve optimal results.

The importance of the research is evident in raising the level of female volleyball players under (14 years old) in terms of the physical aspect, especially muscle strength in its types, as they are at the beginning of muscle growth, which must go in the right way, as well as raising the skill level according to appropriate training, which is isometric training or what is called static muscle strength training. The research problem was: Skill performance in volleyball requires a physical aspect, especially muscle strength in performing the serve or press, as well as jump movements and rapid movement. Thus, we find muscle strength as the effective characteristic in performance and achieving results, so training on it scientifically and using the optimal method will achieve the desired results. The most important objectives of the research were: Identifying the effect of the isometric training method in developing some types of muscle strength and skill performance for female volleyball players under 14 years old.
Accordingly, the conclusions were: The isometric training method achieved the training objectives by developing some types of muscle strength and skill performance for female volleyball players under 14 years old.
It was recommended: Adopting the isometric training method in developing some types of muscle strength and skill performance for female volleyball players under 14 years old.

this research aims to study the impact of proposed coordinative exercises on developing certain kinesthetic abilities and the performance of the handstand skill among middle school female students. The handstand skill is one of the fundamental skills in gymnastics, requiring a high level of balance, muscular strength, and precise motor coordination. Through observation, the researcher noted variability among learners in performing this skill, which may be largely due to weak coordination and control over body movements, making its learning and development challenging.The researcher adopted the experimental method to apply these exercises to two groups of students. The experimental group was characterized by the use of proposed coordinative exercises and educational drills that significantly focused on balance and coordination between different parts of the body. Attention was distributed across various movements through the coordinative exercises on skills like handstands, flips, spins, and the use of small balls for a duration of six weeks, with two sessions per week. After conducting pre- and post-tests, the results concluded that the use of coordinative exercises contributes to the development of kinesthetic abilities and the handstand skill among middle school female students. The study recommended adopting this type of exercise.

The importance of this research lies in highlighting the improvement of muscular efficiency in female badminton players, which manifests itself in enhanced technical and physical performance. Improving balance in body muscle strength helps players perform better in the smash skill and achieve better biomechanical indicators. This is achieved through a proposed approach to developing balanced muscular strength and bringing it to an appropriate level. Regarding the research problem, the researchers summarized the study's problem as the lack of ability to control force exertion at the required level, and the inability to suppress that force, stop it from being exerted, or direct it to specific points in the motor pathway for the smash skill. This is directly caused by a lack of attention to developing strength in a balanced manner between the working muscles, the auxiliary muscles, and the opposing muscles responsible for performance. The research objectives were to conduct muscle balance training based on exciton contraction for youth volleyball players, as well as to identify the effect of muscle balance training on some biomechanical indicators of the smash in volleyball for the research group, as well as to identify the impact of muscle balance training on the values of some biomechanical indicators of the smash in volleyball. On the differences in the values of some biokinematic variables of the crushing volleyball for a group. As for the research method, the researchers used the experimental method, with a single experimental group design. As for the research sample, (6) young players from Al-Furat Sports Club were chosen in volleyball deliberately in order to implement the study and achieve its objectives. The values of the skewness coefficients were all limited between (1-1+). This indicates the homogeneity of the individuals of the research sample in the research variables. As for the most important conclusions, they were that whenever there was an ideal mixture for the training load when applying muscle balance exercises according to the percentage of maximum intensity of the capacity of each part of the body, it is considered a constructive and preventive training to avoid the occurrence of an imbalance in muscle strength during special preparation periods .

This research aims to study the role of digital transformation in enhancing administrative efficiency in the Department of Sports and School Activities / Education Directorate of Dhi Qar. Its importance lies in highlighting the urgent need to enhance digital awareness among employees to keep pace with technological developments, improve the quality of administrative services, reduce errors, and facilitate decision-making. The research seeks to measure the level of digital culture among workers and analyze the statistical relationship between this level and the improvement of administrative performance. This calls for the adoption of practical recommendations to enhance digital skills through training and professional development programs. The study focuses on three main areas, including the human aspect, which encompasses the employees of the Department of Sports and School Activities / Education Directorate of Dhi Qar. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of digital culture and the improvement of administrative performance, confirming that enhancing digital awareness directly contributes to increasing and developing administrative work efficiency.

The importance of the research was evident in finding a new strategy in learning some basic and mental skills among first-stage students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / College of Basic Education, in order to learn and raise the level of learning of football skills and reach the goals prepared by those working in the educational process and within the curriculum according to the controls, rules and concept of the principles of this game according to the prepared units and based on personal experience and observation.
The problem of the research was the fluctuation in the level of skill performance, and the lack of integration of basic and mental skills for first-stage students who are considered the cornerstone of the rest of the stages in the game of football.
The aim of the research was to prepare educational units based on scientific foundations in learning some basic and mental skills for first-stage students.
The researcher used the experimental method due to its suitability to the nature of the research problem and determined the research sample of the first-stage students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher concluded that the educational units prepared by the researcher contributed to teaching the variables (skill-mental). There is a positive effect of using the methods of the strategy under study in implementing the skill exercises that work to stabilize the skill and mental performance through repeating the performance within the educational unit, and that this repetition led to this development in the performance variables in football under study.