Al.Qadisiyah journal for the Sciences of Physical Education

Abstract
The rapid and continuous development and progress achieved by many countries in all sports is evidence of the interest of these countries and researchers in sports and the pursuit of reaching the summit, recording records and achieving championships, and that this only comes through attention to all aspects of each game, including the game of handball. This game is especially characterized by rapid performance, changing playing positions, moving from defense to attack at maximum speed, as well as moving the ball quickly and attacking quickly. By informing the researcher of previous studies and looking at some of the training methods used by coaches, and not using various exercises that are related to the nature of game performance and changing playing conditions, which leads to the player losing his ability to concentrate and not carrying out his duties in the correct way, this leads to a discrepancy between the player’s training and matches. which it shares in terms of performance level, Therefore, the researcher decided to use (S.A.Q) exercises to raise the level of players in these aspects and to know the effect of these exercises on these abilities. The researcher identified the research population, which is the young players (Al-Suniya Club) in (Al-Diwaniyah) Governorate, who number (14 players) for the 2023/2024 sports season (after excluding (2) goalkeepers, and the results of (2) players were excluded because they did not perform some physical tests and functional measurements. Bringing the final number of the sample to (10 players). The test with two tests (pre-post) was used for one group, and the researcher used the experimental method to suit the solution of the research problem. The researcher used the pre-test on 12/25/2023 at exactly four in the afternoon to identify the values of the study variables (performance endurance, heart rate, number of breathing times, and lactic acid) before implementing the proposed exercises. Then the researcher applied the exercises at a rate of (3 units per week) and for a period of two months, the proposed exercises were applied to the research sample from the period (1/2/2024), which coincides with Saturday, until (3/2/2024), which coincides with Tuesday, with a rest day on Friday. At exactly four o\'clock in the afternoon, in the club hall, and after two months, the researcher conducted the post-test on 3/4/2024. The researcher used statistical methods to analyze his results, and the researcher concluded that the proposed S.A.Q exercises have a positive and effective effect in developing skill performance. He recommended the need to pay attention to introducing S.A.Q training into preparation programs for handball players.

The scouting movement in all its stages is a means of advancing generations in a way that reflects positively on the development of any society in terms of social, scientific and civilizational aspects and in order to build a generation capable of serving its country, bearing responsibility, discipline, order and love of work. The research aims to identify the reality of psychological stability and scouting adaptation and to identify the relationship between them. The descriptive approach was used in the form of a survey study and correlational relationships. The research community was determined by advanced guides, numbering (120) advanced guides. The researcher applied the two measures, and the results were presented, analyzed and discussed. The researcher reached the most important conclusions, including the existence of a relationship between the research variables. He recommends directing guides to the need to pay attention to psychological stability and the importance of adapting to the scouting situation and learning scouting skills and performing other skills related to the scouting education subject.

Abstract
The aim of the research is to know the effect of using motor balance exercises on some of the basic skills of the balance beam in gymnastics for female students, and also to know the statistical differences between the pre- and post-tests for the experimental and control groups in developing the level of some basic skills of the balance beam in gymnastics for female students. Also, there are significant differences. Statistics for the control and experimental groups and in favor of the post-test. The researcher used the experimental method to suit it in solving the research problem that was conducted on the female students of the second stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Al-Mustansiriya University, who numbered (18) students., with (8) female students and (2) dimensions for the exploratory experiment and (2) 2) For non-compliance, the research procedures included a pre-test of some of the basic skills under study, after which the curriculum for motor balance exercises was implemented, which took (8) weeks, with (2) training units each week, and with a undulating movement load of 3 (1), and the post-test was conducted by following The same procedures were adopted in the pre-test. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, including: The training curriculum for motor balance exercises achieved a significant improvement in all special tests for developing the basic skills under study on the motor balance beam, and when comparing the two post-tests for the experimental and control group, and in favor of the post-test for the experimental group, the researcher made a number of recommendations, the most important of which is adopting Balance exercises for their effectiveness in developing the motor balance of the sample members Emphasize the gymnastics lesson using effective exercises And developing the skills under study.

Abstract
The multiplicity of school activities has led to the expansion of the base of its practitioners and the expansion of its popular base. There are those who are interested in practicing or following one type of activity, and there are those who are interested in how or how this or that type is performed.
Young people remain the most interested in sporting activities as it is one of the factors that help relieve stress and also help eliminate many social and economic disparities.
Since the school is an effective element in developing society and providing it with the cadres and conscious leaders it needs, possessing the ability to manage the precision of conflict due to rapid change in a way that serves society and preserves the identity of that society’s culture, the need arises to study many of the factors that make up that culture, the most prominent of which is the trend toward... Practicing school sports activities and the relationship of these activities to the psychological compatibility of individuals.
The current study aimed at the following: identifying psychological adjustment among middle school students in the center of Babylon Governorate. -Discovering the nature of the relationship between school activities and psychological adjustment among middle school students.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a measure of school activities and used the psychological adjustment measure prepared by (Al-Tikriti,) 1989
The research sample consisted of 300 students from middle schools in the center of Babylon Governorate, and the school activities scale in its final form consisted of 42 items. The reliability of the scale was calculated by re-testing and reached 0.82 which is considered a good reliability coefficient.
As for the second variable, which is (psychological compatibility), the researcher used the scale (Al-Takriti, 1989 which was presented to a group of arbitrators to verify its apparent validity, as well as extract its reliability by re-testing, where the reliability coefficient reached 0.83 which is a good reliability coefficient
After extracting the validity and reliability of the psychological adjustment scale, the researcher applied the two scales to the research sample of 300students, and after collecting the questionnaires and processing the data statistically.

Abstract
Experts, specialists and trainers have paid attention in their studies and field research in the field of the game of handball and have used various means to know the skill and tactical aspects, including audio-visual devices and other high-tech means to diagnose negative situations and overcome them to reach the best results, as defending handball is an important part. From the playing strategy, it may outperform the attack, as a strong defense prevents a goal from entering the goal, as well as obtaining the ball. The goal of the research is to prepare specific defensive exercises (mental, physical, and skill) specific to defensive skills (defensive blocking wall in one direction, various defensive moves) hand, and identifying the effect of these specific defensive exercises in learning some defensive skills in handball for third stage students - College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Al-Qadisiyah University. As for the research procedures, they are as follows - Research population and sample. The research population was determined from students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/ The third stage for the academic year 2023-2024, and (30) students were selected from a population of (86) students, as the sample constituted a percentage of (34.88%) of the original population. They were chosen in a random manner. The researcher divided the research sample into two groups (an experimental group and a control group). (15) students for each group, then the researcher conducted homogeneity and equivalence for each group, and the most important results were that there were differences in the values of some of the handball defensive skills under study (the defensive blocking wall in one direction and the various defensive movements) in the post-test between the control and experimental groups, using... T-test for independent samples to extract differences. Significant differences appeared in the post-test between the control and experimental groups and in favor of the experimental group. As for the most important conclusions, the defensive specific exercises (mental - physical - skill) had a more effective role than the method used by the subject teacher in learning skills. Selected defense (defensive blocking wall in one direction, various defensive moves

Abstract
The research aims to prepare skill exercises according to the educational model in improving the speed of motor response and learning the skills of setting and pressing in tennis and football for juniors. The researcher used the experimental method for two equal groups with pre- and post-tests, the experimental and control group, and the research community was represented by Al-Khalis Club, Shahraban and Diyala in Diyala Governorate, and because of the novelty of the game in Iraq and Diyala Governorate and the fact that the researcher was an assistant coach for Shahraban Club, he was chosen to represent the research sample, a club whose problem the researcher noticed. The research consisted of players from Shahraban Tennis Football Club for ages (13-15) years, and their number was 16 players, representing the experimental group. (8 players and the control group (8 players), and the researcher conducted his experiment with skill exercises according to the educational model on the research sample consisting of (8) tennis and football players for the Shahraban Junior Club team, with two educational units on Thursday and Saturday from Every week, the first educational unit took place on Thursday, corresponding to June 27, 2023, at five in the afternoon, in the closed hall of the Muqdadiya Youth Forum, and continued to work for (18) educational units. The duration of the educational unit was (90) minutes, and the last educational unit was on Saturday, corresponding to 2023/ 8/30 The exercises were applied in the main section on the educational side, where there was a variety in explaining and presenting the exercises by presenting and explaining the exercises by him, and also using players from other age groups, young and advanced, as well as using posters explaining the exercises and using the mannequin and computer in presenting the exercises, with three exercises in the educational unit. The conclusions were that the diversity in the use of skill exercises has an effective and positive effect on the speed of motor response and learning the skills of setting and pressing in tennis and soccer for juniors for the experimental group. As for the most important recommendations, it is necessary to use educational means and change the educational environment in order to increase the rate of learning and exploitation, in accordance with the educational model in the educational units. For juniors, which gives players motivation and an increase in learning skills faster.

Abstract
The study aimed to identify the effect of the reciprocal method in learning to perform the crawling skill on the stomach in achieving a 25-meter swimming for talented students at the National Center for Sports Talent Care - Ministry of Youth and Sports. This study relied on the effect of the learning method for the sample members, which consisted of 14 swimmers aged (10-12), who were distributed into two groups, a control and an experimental group (6) for each group equally and a distance of 2 for the exploratory experiment. The first experimental group used the reciprocal learning method in their training, and the second group used the traditional command method in their training. Pre- and post-tests were conducted for the crawling variables on the stomach according to the fluidity of the movement of the arms and the movement of the legs and the achievement of the 25-meter swimming. The results showed statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests for the members of the two experimental groups that used the reciprocal method and the traditional imperative method followed according to the variables of fluidity, arm movement and leg movement for crawling on the stomach and achieving a 25-meter swim in the pre-test and in favor of the post-test. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the post-test level for the variables of the research in performing the crawling skill on the stomach and achieving a 25-meter swim among the members of the two groups in performing the crawling skill on the stomach and achieving the sample members in favor of the experimental group. Thus, the researcher recommended the extent of the impact of the reciprocal learning method by the National Center trainers on the crawling skill on the stomach and achieving a 25-meter swim for this type of swimming for the sample members.

Abstract
The importance of research lies in finding the grades and standard levels of some harmonic abilities of youth football players. And the study aimed to identify some harmonic abilities of youth football players. and find standard grades of young football players. and find standard grades and levels for some harmonic abilities of youth football players evaluated according to their achieved levels. and the researcher used the descriptive approach in the style community include (197) youth club players from (8) clubs participating in the Kurdistan Region league for the (2023-2024) football season under the age of (20) years, which are that (Baardeh Rahash, Khak, Sirwani Nawa, Sirwan Halabja, Shorja, Haendarin, Ararat, Shirwaneh). As for the research sample, it was chosen adeliberate way, which numbered (127) players with a percentage of (%64.47) from the research community and from five clubs as follows: Shirwana - Sirwani Nawa - Sirwan Halabja - Khak – Shorja,The resercher reached to several concluions,including aset of harmonic abilities for adung football players and their tests that suit the sample level.

Abstract
A slow learners child learn in the same way as normal children (they learn by using their previous experiences), but they need more time and effort from school , home and the teacher has to choose the best method for teaching material
Cagan Patterns of Modern Learning The researcher aims to apply to his experimental research sample and to identify the educational effect of basketball on some of the kinetic characteristics of the students (6-8 years). The sample of the research was determined by the slow learners in the Al Rajaa institute of mental disable in Qadisiyah governorate with 35 students
He concluded that the practice of sports activity according to the Cagan sensory - visual style inside the institute instills the spirit of teamwork and the participation of others and thus develops kinetic qualities. He recommended the researcher to adopt the modern and constant patterns derived from the slow learners child environment which is commensurate with his abilities and abilities,

Abstract
The study aims to know the extent to which the heads of the Sports and School Activities Departments possess the administrative competencies which helps them to carry out their administrative leadership tasks in the best way, by knowing the as for the research problem, the study attempted to answer the following question relative weight of each form of managerial competencies, what is the degree to which the heads of Sports and School activity departments possess administrative competencies from the point of view of Physical Education Teachers in the center of Diwaniyah?). The study population identified (120) members representing Physical Education Teachers in the center of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate. As for the study sample, it was (67) Physical Education Teachers from the center of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, and it was chosen randomly. The most important conclusions the validity of the administrative competency scale which the researcher built in measuring administrative competencies at the technical supervisors in the Sports and School activities department, owns the heads of the Sports and School Activities Departments high level management competencies from the point of view of Physical Education Teachers in the center of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate.

Abstract
The speed of response is decisive in some wrestling matches, which requires training and measuring it continuously according to correct tests that are appropriate for the level and age group. Thus, the importance of the research is evident through advancing the wrestling game and advancing the level after giving a clear picture of the extent of the success of training the necessary requirements of the game, such as the speed of response, and according to its measurement by the test designed to measure the actual level, as the designed test is one of the easy-to-implement tests and does not require tools and is appropriate for the age level being measured. The research problem was: Every sport has requirements, whether physical or skill-based, and it requires measuring it continuously, especially during training, to know its actual level for the purpose of developing it and raising it to the better than it was. In wrestling, the quality of the speed of response is one of the most important physical qualities necessary to decide the competition and achieve victory in wrestling, so developing it requires following up on its measurement using the appropriate test for it. The objectives of the research were: 1-Design and standardize a test to measure the speed of response using a spring dummy for wrestlers aged (13-15) years. 2-Find levels and standards to evaluate the speed of response using a spring dummy for wrestlers aged (13-15) years. The descriptive approach was used and in light of the results, the most important conclusions were reached: -The test designed by the researcher is able to detect the level of speed of response using a spring dummy for wrestlers aged (13-15) years. The most important recommendations were reached: -Adopting the current test as a means to detect the level of speed of response using a spring dummy for wrestlers aged (13-15) years.

Abstract
The research aims to identify the impact of the BCAA Xtend rehabilitation program on some physical and chemica variables of the rotated cuff injury of the shoulder joint of volleyball players. The research hypothesizes that there is a positive impact of the BCAA Xtend rehabilitation program on some physical and chemica variables of rotated cuff injury of the volleyball players' shoulder joints. The researcher used the experimental approach in the one-set style because it is the appropriate one to achieve its objectives. The research sample was several players with 8 shoulder joint rotated cuff injuries and one group after the researchers conducted homogenization on the research sample individuals by performing a set of tests and measurements of the following variables: (Height, Age, Degree of Pain, Training Age) using the appropriate statistical method for that, which is the torsion coefficient. The researchers selected the study variables as linked to the research problem. Laboratory tests were carried out through a series of blood sample analyses. The results were analyzed statistically to determine their numerical values. The conclusion was reached that BCAA Xtend's rehabilitation approach exercises positively impact the rehabilitation of the rotated cuff injury of the shoulder joint.

The researcher conducted this study to determine the magnitude of the influence of including recreational games in enhancing the proficiency of overhead handling in handball. The study sought to investigate the impact of including recreational games on the acquisition of aerial handling skills in handball. To elucidate the disparities between acquiring knowledge through recreational games and the conventional educational approach employed in schools for the mastery of aerial ball handling in handball. Regarding hypotheses, there are notable disparities in the pre- and post-measurements between the control and experimental groups, favoring the experimental group. The research methodology focused on the field procedures conducted within the student community of the second intermediate grade at the Great Majar al-Kabir High School for Outstanding Students in Misan Governorate during the academic year 2021/2022. The total number of students in this community was 58, and all of them were included in the research sample. The sample was further divided into a basic sample of 34 students and an exploratory sample of 20 students. The researcher utilized the statistical application SPSS to do appropriate statistical analyses on the research data. The researcher concluded that the experimental group, which used instructional units with recreational games, performed better than the control group that used the traditional technique when learning recreational games in learning the skill of handling from above in handball. The researcher suggests incorporating recreational games as a method for teaching fundamental abilities in handball based on these findings.

Abstract
Most futsal coaches and psychologists within the sports team focus on the negative psychological aspects without focusing on the positive psychological aspects, and since behavior is a reflection of personality, especially competitive behavior, it is considered the psychological needs that are satisfied through competition and achieving victory, which affects directly or indirectly. The most important skill in futsal football is scoring, which is considered the basis for the team’s success. Therefore, the researcher sought to build a guidance program to improve competitive behavior and scoring. Hence the following question came: Does the guidance program affect both competitive behavior and scoring? The research community was identified with Baghdad futsal clubs. For the professionals for the year (2023-2024), they are 7 clubs. As for the research sample, 2 clubs were chosen, with one of them representing the control group. The first was the Police Equipment Club, numbering (13) players, and the second was the Iraqi Police Club, numbering (13) players. 3 players were taken from each club to conduct the experiment. The percentage became (77%). After that, the researcher applied the pre-test to the research sample. Then the researcher prepared the counseling program based on behavioral theory, where the items of the scale were converted into session topics based on the techniques of the theory. The program was applied for a period of two months, which included (8) one sessions per week and the counseling session. It is (90) minutes, and after completion, the post-tests were conducted in the same conditions as the pre-tests, then the results were collected and transcribed, and the researcher concluded the effectiveness of the guidance program according to the method directly and the individual method in improving the competitive behavior and scoring accuracy of the players.

Abstract
The research aims to prepare a measure of motivation for sports activities, prepare a measure of psychological confidence for middle school students, and find out the relationship between motivation for sports activities and psychological confidence. The purpose of the research was to achieve psychological and emotional balance for middle school students by controlling and directing them to positive behaviors and giving them positive psychological confidence through... A group of exercises designated for them, whether individual or group. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the problem and requirements of the research. The research community consisted of (2000) students representing Hilla Preparatory School for Boys. The main experiment was applied to the research sample of (600) students, divided into three stages, each stage having (200) students. The results that emerged were presented and the raw data obtained from the metrics used were processed through the use of statistical methods, and the results were analyzed and discussed. The researcher concluded several conclusions, including that there is a positive relationship between motivation for sports activities and psychological confidence among middle school students. The researcher recommended several recommendations,
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The research aims to prepare CrossFit-style exercises for young basketball players, and to identify the impact of CrossFit-style exercises to develop some bio-motor capabilities and offensive skills for youth basketball players. As for the research hypotheses, there is a positive effect of crossfit-style training in developing some bio-motor abilities and offensive skills for young basketball players. There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in developing some physical abilities and complex offensive skills. In favor of the post-tests, the two experimental research groups included either the research methodology and field procedures. The researcher used the experimental method and the sample was distributed into two groups with (7) players for each group. The first group carried out CrossFit exercises and the second carried out coach exercises. The prescribed curriculum was applied to the groups for a period of (8) weeks, with three units per week on Saturday, Monday and Thursday, and after completing the implementation of the curriculum. The experimental tests and post-measurements were conducted following the same procedures that were adopted in the pre-tests, after which the results were processed statistically. The researcher concluded that CrossFit exercises have a positive effect in developing the bio-motor capabilities and offensive skills of young basketball players. He recommends adopting the proposed CrossFit exercises that were applied to basketball players when training. Levels corresponding to the level of the research sample. Conducting similar and complementary applied research according to the CrossFit exercise system on basketball players of other age groups in order to improve the level of some of their physical abilities and offensive skill.

Abstract
The presented study included the importance of the research, which lies in trying to reveal the level of administrative creativity among the heads of (sports clubs participating in volleyball) in the Iraqi Premier League and in view of the importance of the reform process which everyone seeks Athletes and workers in sports institutions face many difficulties resulting from the local sports situation. The most important aspect of this reform is reforming the field of management in sports institutions. The problem lies in Research in resource and human management in sports institutions knowledge and evaluation of sports leaders and the creativity process and their performance knowledge of aspects and shortcomings and work to address them. The study also aimed to build two measures of administrative creativity for heads of sports clubs practicing football sports clubs practicing volleyball in The Iraqi League is excellent from the point of view of its members. The researcher used the descriptive method and the survey method (the current situation) studying the standard equations and studying the relationships. While the research community included the heads of sports clubs practicing volleyball in the Iraqi Premier League the number of members of the sample reached )110( members. In order to achieve the objectives of the study the researcher sought to build measures of administrative creativity by following steps and procedures according to scientific foundations. Using bag and statistics (spss) with some laws and statistics in processing and data the most important results were that the heads of sports clubs practicing volleyball in the Iraqi Premier League from the point of view of their members possess a good level of administrative creativity.

The current research aims to prepare a curriculum using aerobic exercises, and to identify the effect of the used curriculum on the body composition and some physiological and biokinetic variables for women aged (35-45) years. The researcher used the experimental approach, and the research population was identified, namely women trained in fitness halls in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, individuals. The sample numbered (10) who practiced and in a deliberate manner expressed their consent and a serious and real desire to join the research experiment and to commit to the period of the experimental curriculum. The research variables were determined, represented by (body composition and some physiological and biomotor variables), and then cardiac tests were conducted and the curriculum was prepared using aerobic exercises. For a period of (8) weeks, after obtaining the results, the researcher adopted the statistical program (SPSS), and the researcher came out with a set of conclusions. There was a clear improvement in the aerobics curriculum for physiological variables (aerobic capacity - triglycerides - HDL lipoproteins - cholesterol - thyroxine. There is a noticeable improvement in Biokinetic variables (strength and speed of the abdominal muscles – agility).

The researcher addressed the importance of the R.E.A.C.T strategy due to the importance of this type of strategy, which is one of the active learning strategies that go back to the principle of constructivist theory and is represented in its basic reliance on the extent of scientific interaction between learners in light of the principles of constructive learning, in addition to the extent of its reliance on linking new scientific knowledge to the learner's previous knowledge in real life, so it helps in establishing relationships between concepts and improving learning on skills clearly and easily. It was explained that this strategy has a close connection through students' learning of skill performance, so it was important to search for means that help in teaching skills, and among these means is learning using the R.E.A.C.T strategy to advance students' abilities, which is reflected in their skill performance more effectively and influentially. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups (experimental and control The researcher chose the research sample intentionally, as the research sample was represented by students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Wasit, represented by Section (C, D), as the number of students for each section was (18) students equally to represent the research sample. The main experiment took (8) weeks and the results were processed using the statistical package ((SPSS
And with the statistical laws (arithmetic mean - standard deviation - Chi-square 2 - Pearson simple correlation coefficient - T-test), the researcher implemented the steps of the strategy that he prepared in the main part of the educational unit, and the most important thing that the researcher concluded is that the strategy contributed significantly to student learning, while the researcher recommended using this strategy because it has an effect on developing the skill performance of students.

The research aims to identify the role of the volleyball instructor in overcoming the most important problems facing the volleyball subject in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences from the point of view of female students. As for the research problem, what is the role of the instructor in overcoming the problems facing the volleyball subject for female students by observing the subject that the female students. The researcher identified the research community and sample The researcher identified the research community, as the research community included volleyball instructors in the colleges of education and sports sciences in the central and southern region, numbering (111) instructors for the academic year 2024-2025 in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences. The application of the experiment took from 2024/4/24 - 3/2 Statistical methods: arithmetic mean, median, skewness coefficient, Pearson coefficient, Levene test, Cronbach's coefficient, coefficient of variation. Conclusions The students did not differ in their responses about the role of the volleyball instructor in facing the problems facing female students in teaching volleyball according to the variable of experience, gender, certificate, the opinions of volleyball instructors varied in their role in facing Problems facing female students. Recommendations: Identifying the most important professional problems that have been diagnosed and finding solutions for them in line with contemporary scientific and educational developments.