Journal of Misan Researches

The study aimed to identify the level of awareness of medical pollutants among students of health colleges at King Khalid University. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was used, whereby a test was built to measure the level of awareness of medical pollutants in its three domains (cognitive, skill, and emotional). Where the study sample consisted of (302) students of health colleges at King Khalid University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The study concluded that the percentage of the level of awareness according to the responses of the study sample members to the three domains as a whole was (64%), as for all three domains of awareness separately, field No. (2) came in the first place, which states “skillful awareness of medical pollutants among students of health colleges at King Khalid University” with the highest percentage (68%), and field No. (3) came in second place, which states: "Emotional awareness of medical pollutants among students of health colleges at King Khalid University" with a percentage of (66.8%), and field No. (1) came in the last rank, which states "Knowledge awareness of medical pollutants among students of health colleges at King Khalid University" with the lowest percentage of (60). %).
The study recommends the importance of including raising the level of knowledge awareness of medical contaminants among students of health colleges, by developing adequate education strategies and policies, and including this in study plans, and the need to conduct more studies and scientific research on the level of awareness of medical contaminants among students of health colleges at different universities to identify the future proposals

لقد قام الإنسان بمحاولات عديدة لاكتشاف البيئة التي يعيش فيها وذلك بما يتوافق مع حاجاته الفطرية والمكتسبة فكان للعلم ونشأته تأثيراً كبيراً على حياته حيث قاده بشكل متدرج إلى العديد من التطبيقات في حياته للأفكار العلمية ، حيث دخل من باب التكنولوجيا لكي يحسن من نمط حياته ويطورها من خلال استثمار ما تحتوي علية البيئة المحيطة من الموارد المتعددة، ونتيجة التطورات العلمية وما حدث من تقدم علمي فقد أثر من خلاله الإنسان على البيئة في العصر الحالي أكثر من أي عصر مضى وذلك بفعل التطورات العلمية والتكنولوجية في مجلات حياته المختلفة ( شهاب ، 2007 : 10) يمكن اعتبار الفترة التي تلت سنة (1880 م) بداية التربية العلمية الحديثة

التعددية في العلوم السياسية هي وجهة النظر القائلة ان السلطة في الديمقراطيات ينبغي ان تكون موزعة بين مجموعة مراكز قوى سياسية و اقتصادية و حتى ايديولوجية على ان لا تتجمع سلطة اتخاذ القرار بيد نخبة او مجموعة نخب، لذلك تفترض التعددية ان قبول واقع التنوع مفيد من الناحية الاجتماعية و السياسية، فالاستقلال الذاتي يجب ان تتمتع بة المجموعات الثقافية او الدينية او العرقية داخل المجتمع السياسي، وعلى هذا الاساس ستكون مناقشتنا للاسس النظرية التي تبرر تعزيز الحريات و الحقوق المدنية داخل المجتمع السياسي التعددي بين عدد من مفكري الفكر الغربي المهمين ابرزهم جون رولز المفكر السياسي الامريكي المعروف بنظريتة حول "العدالة كأنصاف"، و شانتال موف أستاذة النظرية السياسية في جامعة ويستمنستر البريطانية المعروفة بنظريتها "الصراعية"

This research deals with a statement of the meaning of the criminal mediation system within the framework of the consensual procedural policy، as well as a statement of the nature، images and importance of this system، as it is considered one of the most important alternatives to the criminal case because it achieves interests that exceed what is achieved by the criminal procedural rule، as this system is considered a remedial and remedial means for what justice is going through Criminal issues have many problems، and it reflects consensual justice that is an alternative to the first، and this system cannot replace the criminal case unless it has procedures to ensure its effectiveness، and these procedures are known as the consensual procedural policy

تعد محافظة ميسان ضمن المناخات الجافة التي تعتمد على المياه المتاحة القادمة من خارج حدودها المكانية، لكن للمناخ تأثيرا واضح في مفقودها المائي بواسطة التبخر- النتح، إذ أظهرت الدراسة أن مناخ المنطقة غير قادر على توليد جريان سطحي نتيجة ارتفاع معدلات التبخر- النتح مقارنة بقيم الأمطار الفعلية، وبالتالي لا يمكنه إضافة مياه جديدة الى المياه المتاحة داخل المنطقة، فضلا عن ذلك تعد اغلب معدلات التبخر- النتح في الأشهر الجافة مصدرها المياه المتاحة التي تشكل النسبة الأكبر من مجموع التبخر السنوي في المنطقة، كما تتجه المنطقة نحو مناخ شديد الجفاف نتيجة ارتفاع معدلات التبخر- النتح وانخفاض في معدلات الأمطار التي يزداد على اثره العجز المائي المناخ فيها

الحمدُ للهِ ربِّ العالمين، والصلاةُ والسلامُ على رَسُولهِ مُحمَّدٌ (صلى الله عليه وآله) خاتمُ الأنبياءِ والمرسلين، وعلى آلِ بيتهِ الطيبين الطاهرين، وأصحابهِ المنتجين.
أمَّا بعد....
يُعدّ الاستلزام الحواري من المجالات التي أولتها التداوليّة اهتمامًا كبيرًا ولاسيما العالم بول غرايس صاحب نظرية (الاستلزام الحواري)، يرى غرايس أن التواصل الحواريّ يجب أن يكون محكمًا بمجموعة من القواعد الضرورية التي تضبط الكلام بين المتكِّلم والمتلقي، ولكي يكونوا على قدر عال من التعاون فعليهم الإلتزام بمبدأ (التعاون الحواري) الذي صاغه على النحو الآتي: « ليكن انتهاضك للتخاطب على الوجه الذي يقتضيه الغرض منه».( ) وتتفرع عن هذا المبدأ اربع قواعد هي: ( قاعدة الكم، قاعدة الكيف، قاعدة الطريقة، قاعدة الأسلوب) وقد حوت أقوال الأنبياء والأولياء على اختراق لهذه القواعد ولا سيما ما يتعلق بخرق (قاعدة الكم) وانطلاقا من ذلك جاء البحث بعنوان: (مبدأ الكم في معجزات الأنبياء والأولياء في التعبير القرآني)، وسيعمل البحث على توضيح مبدأ الكم والقواعد المتفرعة عنه، والكيفية التي تمَّ بوساطتها اختراق هذا المبدأ في معجزات الأنبياء والأولياء كالآتي:
مبدأ الكم(قاعدة الكم): يرتبط هذا المبدأ بكمَّيَّة المعلومات التي يُقدّمها المتكلِّم للمتلقي، والتي تحقق الغرض من الخطاب؛ حيث يفرض هذا المبدأ على المتكلِّم التزام الاِعتدال في كمَّيَّة المعلومات التي يُقدّمها للمتلقي، فلا يزيّد على ذلك أو ينقص منه. وتتفرع عن هذا المبدأ قاعدتان هما: ( )
1- ليكن إسهامك في الحوار مع المخاطب على قدر حاجته.
2- لا تجعل إسهامك في الحوار يزيّد على القدر المطلوب من الكلمات.
وسيعرض البحث نماذج من الآيات الكريمة التي ورد فيها اختراق (مبدأ الكم) مبينًا الهدف وراء هذا الاختراق، والأسباب التي دعت المتكلِّم للعدول من المعنى الواضح الصريح إلى المعنى الضمني المستلزم في ضوء اختراقه لقاعده الزيادة أو النقصان.

لم تعد مهمة معلم اليوم نقل المعلومات والمعرفة إلى المتعلمين بل أصبح مكلف بمهام متنوعة والمتمثلة بمهارات التدريس، ولمهارات التدريس دور فعال في عملية التدريس لأنها تجعل المعلم قادرا على توسيع نطاق علاقاته بالآخرين وتكسبه القدرة على أداء الأعمال بسهولة ودقة وتقدير مستوى تعلم المتعلمين، وخاصة في الدروس التي تتطلب مهارة ما. فضلا عن أنها تمكن المعلم من مواكبة التطورات العلمية والتكنولوجية التي تزيد من مستوى إتقان الأداء لهذا فهي تمثل جسرا يربط بين المعرفة والسلوك، وان إهمالها يؤدي إلى ضعف في فهم مجالات المعرفة، واستيعابها لدى المتعلمين

The study sheds light on the factors affecting the appointment of governors in Andalusia, as the conquest of Andalusia continued from the year 92-95 AH / 711-714 AD, and after the sending of the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid bin Abdul Malik 86-96 AH / 705-714 AD by bringing in the leaders of the conquest, a new era of history began Andalusia was later called the era of rulers. It lasted for a period of time between the years 95 AH-138 AH / 714-756 AD. The appointment of the rulers in it differed according to the circumstances that the caliphate was going through in Damascus, and the factors that led to the appointment of these rulers were explained

The research aims to review the historical development of the balanced scorecard, which was represented in the emergence of the balanced scorecard as a set of financial and non-financial indicators, and then developing the indicators by deriving them from the strategic goals and then the third stage represented by deriving the strategic map in light of The balanced score card philosophy, which represented a successful tool for strategic planning. According to the development of this tool, it will be facilitated to create an integration between the planning process and the performance evaluation process, and this will result in significantly reducing the need to reconsider the evaluation of the planning and implementation processes in economic units. In order to enhance the role of the map in strengthening the work of the balanced score card, a statistical analysis program called DEMATEL will be employed, which will identify the strengths and weaknesses of the strategic map and the balanced score card at the same time.

After the British withdrawal from Afghanistan in April 1880 during the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880), the Russians had another opinion in filling the void resulting from this withdrawal, especially since some of the Afghan princes who resisted Britain took refuge in it, which constituted a real and great burden on Afghanistan in the shadow of The rule of Abd al-Rahman Khan (1880-1901), a member of the ruling family and the son of Dost Muhammad Khan, the emir of Afghanistan (1826-1863), so the Russian forces advanced in Turkestan to complete their occupation, which began in 1836, which is a territory belonging to Afghanistan since the rule of Ahmad Shah al-Dawani(1747-1773), which is considered the founder of the state of Afghanistan in the modern era, this progress resulted in Russia colliding with British interests in India between 1883-1885, which prompted the Russians to push the Iranians to occupy the Hashtadan region on the common border with Afghanistan, and thus Britain began to defend Afghanistan through diplomatic work and financial and military support, a support that was agreed upon according to the Treaty of Lyell in 1880, and we note that this support came to cover Britain’s non-participation in the military confrontation against Russia. International events in Banjadeh and Hashtadan have led to a rise in tension between Britain and Russia in several regions of the world, especially in Egypt, Upper Burma and India, and thus the British government's tendency was towards supporting the Afghan prince for military intervention and stopping Russian interference. As for Hashtadan's problem, Britain was in direct contact with the Iranian Shah for an appropriate settlement through diplomacy

The Iraqi government, which was formed after July 1968, sought in successive negotiating steps to extract Iraq’s oil rights from the monopolistic companies investing in Iraqi oil (IPC), but the companies did not respond to the legitimate Iraqi demands, which prompted the government in a bold step to issue Law No. (69) on the first of June 1972, under which the monopoly operations of the Iraq Petroleum Company were nationalized. The government also worked in subsequent steps to complete the nationalization of other non-nationalized oil quotas, so all oil concessions were terminated, and Iraq's rights in the field of the oil industry were restored.
After the nationalization decision, the Iraqi economy witnessed an important development in the seventies, as a result of the great oil revenues, during which Iraq enjoyed relative stability in terms of political, economic and social aspects, in light of which the two development plans for the periods (1970-1974) and (1976-1980) were completed. which aimed to bring about tremendous developments in the economic performance of the commodity and service sectors, especially the plan (1976-1980), which enjoyed huge funding for development projects amounting to 15.7 billion dinars, compared to 1.7 billion dinars for the previous plan.
The economic transformations were accompanied by clear social development, as radical social transformations took place with the same speed and comprehensiveness, as government plans achieved positive results in building the human being in particular, and society in general. The media, youth and women organizations, with a clear improvement in the living and service conditions for all sectors of the people. As a result of these transformations, Iraq was on a date in the late seventies to leave the group of developing countries that it had represented over the past decades

يتضمَّنُ مُلخصُ هذه الدراسة البحثية المُيسِّرة مُدخلاتِ العنوان الرئيس,ومُخرجاتهِ الخِارجية (المُستوياتُ الجَماليةُ لشعريَّةِ التَّناصِّ فِي غزليات الشَّاعرِ العِراقي يَحيَى السَّماويَّ العشقية), وأعني بالمستوياتِ دَراسةَ مُستوياتِ التَّناصِّ الجّماليةِ وَأَقسامهُ, أَو مَصادرهُ, والَّتي شكَّلتْ مَرجعياتِ هذهِ الدِراسةِ, أَي الكشفُ والبيان عن مختلف مستويات التناصِّ التي تضمَّنتها عينة هذه الدراسة (النظرية التطبيقية), كالتناصِّ الديني التَّاريخي, والتَّناصِّ الأدبي الشِّعري, والتَّناصِّ الأُسطوري, والتَّناصِّ التُّراثي الشَّعبي(الفُلُكلُوري), وغيرها من التَّناصّات ذات التأثير الإبداعي بالنصِّ الأدبي, والتي ضمَّت مِساحاتٍ كبيرةً من مستوى البنية الجمالية.
فَضلاً عن ذلك كلِّهِ تَقديمُ موجزٍ تَعريفيٍ عن أثر صاحب هذه التجربة الشعرية, يَعقبُهُ مَدخلٌ تمهيديٌّ إلى مفهوم التناصِّ, والتعريف به لُغةً واصطلاحاً, والمراحل التي مّرَ بهِ بَدْأً من العَالِم اللُّغوي الإيطالي دي سوسير,مروراً بالرُّوسي ميخائيل باختين الذي اكتشفه لأوّل مرةً ولكن سُمِّي بموضوع(الحُوارية),ووقوفاً عند الناقدة البلغارية جوليا كرستيفياً التي استقرَّ عندها مصطلحاً تامَّاً بمفهومه, مروراً برولان بارت الذي نضج على يده واتَّسع, وجيرار جينيت, واستقرار مفهومه مصطلحاً في النقدية الغربية,والنقدية العربية التي أخذت به حديثاً مع جُذورهِ المُبهمةِ التي ظهرت بشكل مُوحياتٍ إشاريةٍ على يَدَي عبد القاهر الجُرجاني

The mediator is considered the most important element and the main pillar in the success of the mediation process, as it is the main link in it, as it brings together the parties to the conflict after accepting the mediation procedure to help them find a solution of their own making, and works to discover the truth of the disputed issues, taking into account the logical options for resolving the conflict, being In his work, he aims to compensate the victim and restore the relationship to what it was before by finding a satisfactory and friendly solution for them

In this paper, the discrete Adomian decomposition method (DADM) is used for solving Fisher’s equation . we solved some cases of Fisher’s equation bt the proposed method, then we compared the obtained results with exact solution which found by the Homotopy perturbation

Given the great sensitivity of the oil resource among the members of Iraqi society, as we are dealing with a sovereign wealth defined by the Iraqi constitution as the property of the people and the right of all, and on this basis, preserving and dealing with it must be done with caution as it is the only major resource to meet the public expenditures of the state treasury, especially after the recent investments of projects in rounds of contracts Licensing in Iraq, and despite Iraq being one of the first founders of OPEC, and it is considered one of the most important countries that produced and invested in the oil industry since the twenties of the last century if we compare it with the young countries that followed it . but the main problem that it suffers from so far is that it has never succeeded in Investing that wealth through various oil contracts that can achieve economic well-being and a decent life for the Iraqi people during the last period . This case study approach gave the researcher a clear picture that enabled him to use selected forms of oil contracts in global markets which provides a brief understanding of oil contracts in foreign markets in theory and practice and how they are used and applied during foreign contracts oil companies. Based on all of the above in this study we find it already clear that international oil contracts can only be effectively exercised with a solid foundation of knowledge, complemented by many years of experience in national and international contracts

This research aims to clarify the legal basis for making a special law for offenses crimes that the Iraqi legislator can rely on even if there is no constitutional text authorizing this matter. The authority to adjudicate violations by the administration and the extent to which the Iraqi legislator observes the principles established by the states in this regard, as in Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Portugal, France and Egypt. which dealt with the offenses of offenses

The human factor is the most important factor affecting soil salinity, as man played an important role in influencing and changing it through various agricultural activities (plowing - leveling - planting - irrigation - watering - fertilization...), and all of these processes affect soil salinity either negatively Or positively, if used in unscientific ways, it would lead to soil deterioration, salinization and lack of productivity, and consequently the loss of this vital resource that we constantly need.
In this research, these aforementioned factors were studied in detail and their impact on the salinity of the soils of Qalaat Saleh district, as it became clear to us that there are a group of human factors that led to the emergence of the problem of salinity within the soil of Qalaat Saleh district, and that this phenomenon began to expand at the expense of arable lands due to the participation of natural factors contributed to the exacerbation of this problem. These factors vary within the study area, and in light of this variation, the salinity areas varied

yumkin alnazar lilqiam al'akhlaqiat waltamasuk biha 'iinaha mujarad eadat mutawarathat aietad ealayha alfardali dun 'in takun laha 'iibead aijtimaeiat wadhatiat aiqtisadiatun. waraghbat lil'iinsan alearabii 'arad 'iin yuhaqiqaha min alfawz almadiyi 'iinama 'arad alhusul ealaa almuteat min almaenawiat wallldhydh alruwhiat alati tuhaqiq lah alsaeadat walraahat fi hayaatih walkhulud waldhikr baed mumatihi. walih al'iihsas bialtafakhur waltabahi 'iislah wayajid rahatah wanashwatah wayastalidha bimalih wahayaatih biqadr tahqiq alsaeada almulakhas lilakhrin , wa'iinqadh alfuqara' walmuewizin min almawt walhalak ; wada jahidana fi tahqiqih wa'iithbatih faqad saeaa jahidana fi tahqiqih wa'iithbatih liuakid min khilalih 'iinah yamtalik alqudrat ealaa 'iisead alakharin wa'iinqadhihim ; alkashf faqad kan limakarim al'akhlaq almakanat almutamayizat walmarmuqat fi aljahili

Indeed, the Holy Quran was revealed in the language of the Arabs and contained the speech of Arabs. Due to the integration of Arabs and Non-Arabs, Modern Orientalists are of the opinion that not all of the Quran is in the Arabic language, but also includes some foreign words. Some of the Modern Orientalists believe that the Quran has many phrases that are not in the Arabic language at all. The former Arabs used some words from the languages of the people they used to deal with, and these words are in use as there are no equivalents in the Arabic language. Some of these words are modified to be similar to Arabic words (this concept is called Almuaarb) and some words were used as they already were in their original languages (this concept is called Aldakheel – foreign words).
The Modern Orientalists tried to find comparisons between the Arabic language and the Semitic languages, they considered these languages as being capable of explaining some Quranic words/concepts. According to them, many Quranic phrases do not have their origins in the Arabic language but rather languages including Syriac, Hebrew, Farsi and Ethio-Semitic languages

A composite samples of FeAl2O3were synthesized by using mixture of paraffin wax and a powder of Al2O3 (0.07gm.) with iron granular Fe(0.01 gm.) of different particle sizes (63μm, 73μm, 212μm and 300μm). Where paraffin wax was melted using a temperature source (heater) with 328 K, then the granular volume of composite FeAl2O3 powder was added to paraffin wax by manual mixing until the mixture was homogeneous and then deposited on slices of aluminum in laboratory conditions. The Characteristics of (current- voltage) were measured to various particle sizes. The electrical conductivity was estimated as a function of various temperature range. The conductivity values of this composite doped of FeAl2O3 increasing with temperature increases. Also the activation energies Ea for the composite samples have been found (4.1x10-4 –2.9x10-4) eV. Beside that the mechanisms of electrical conductivity were studied and identified in support of Schottky and Frankel effect mechanisms

The research aims to apply benchmarking in the General Traffic Directorate, one of the Ministry of Interior directorates, to raise the efficiency of performance in it, because this technique is considered one of the most important techniques in the field of raising the efficiency of performance to benefit from the experiences of economic units that provide similar services to highlight unacceptable deviations and solve them, and to use benchmarking It aims to raise the efficiency of performance and improve the quality of services,
To achieve this goal, the researcher relied on the data of the General Traffic Directorate, Baghdad, and the comparative department, the Traffic Directorate of Erbil Governorate, by conducting personal and field interviews with the officers and associate employees for the purpose of reviewing the reality of work and the application of benchmarking.
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important: The use of benchmarking helped achieve success in raising the performance efficiency of a group of companies that used benchmarking as the international electricity experiment that was conducted in the Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge. In light of these conclusions, a set of recommendations were reached, the most important of which are: Paying attention to the application of benchmarking in the economic units inside the country, including (units of the Ministry of Interior). And benefit from the global experiences that applied this method, and pay attention to the continuity of work in the benchmarking method to ensure raising the efficiency of performance and improving the quality of services in economic units, including (General Traffic Directorate(

الحمد لله ربّ العالمين والصّلاة والسّلام على خير خلقه أجمعين، وبعد فهذا البحث يتناول مادّة (ضَرَب) ودلالاتها في القرآن الكريم، واختيار هذه اللّفظة جاء من خصوصيتها في التعبير القرآنيّ قهي ذات دلالات متعددة بين الحقيقة والمجاز، وهو ما يمكن أن يطاق عليه بالتوسّع الدلاليّ في القرآن الكريم، فاللّفظة في القرآن الكريم لها مدلولات يحكمها السّياق القرآنيّ ومقصديته منها.
إنّ دراسة المفردة القرآنيّة من الأهميّة بمكان؛ إذ هي السّبيل والأساس لمعرفة الكثير من النصوص القرآنيّة، ولذلك درج العلماء منذ القدم على دراسة اللّفظة المفردة كما هو الحال في مفردات الرّاغب الأصفهانيّ، والبرهان في علوم القرآن للزركشيّ، وكذلك الكتب التي ألّفت في غريب القرآن وغيرها

إنّ البحث في الأربعينات وما صنّف فيها من المصنفات المتضمنة لجمع أربعين حديثاً في شتى الموضوعات والمسائل المختلفة؛ لجديرة بالاهتمام والدراسة والبحث؛ لأنها أصبحت تشكل ميراثاً إسلامياً كبيراً في مختلف المجالات العلمية والعملية، لارتباطه بالجانب الفكري والعقدي، و لتربوي والأخلاقي، والسياسي والاجتماعي، مضافاً للجوانب الحياتية الأخرى، فحري بنا أن نعقد لها دراسة تنسجم مع ضرورتها وخطورتها في أوساطنا العلمية لما لها من انعكاسات إيجابية على الواقع الخارجي، فقد جاءت هذه المقالة لتسلط الضوء على جانب من جوانب هذه الدراسة؛ إذ تعلق البحث فيها عن أسباب ظهور الأربعينات ومراحل تطورها في الأوساط العلمية الإسلامية على مر الحقب الزمانية؛ وذلك لما لها من أهمية كبيرة في الأوساط العلمية الدينية والأكاديمية، التي هي من قبيل:
أولاً: حفظها للتراث الإسلامي العظيم.
ثانياً: لإظهارها لعظيم الجهود المبذولة من قبل علماء الإسلام في الحفاظ على التراث الإسلامي وتبليغه عن طريق مصنفاتهم .
ثالثاً: كشفها للتنوع والتفنن الفكري، الذي وصل إليه علماء الإسلام في حفظ التراث .
رابعاً: مساهمتها في تسهيل دراسة السنة النبوية الشريفة.
خامساً: اشتمالها على فوائد كثيرة ترتبط بمختلف العلوم والمعارف الدينية والاخلاقية والاجتماعية.

This study aims to clarify the efforts made by the Ottoman Empire to support the Moriscos Muslims of Andalusia, who were persecuted in their religion and expelled from their land, as well as the nature of the Ottoman Andalusian-Moriscos relations. Also to clarify the beginnings and duration of this relation, as well as the messages of distress and appeal sent by the Moriscos Muslims of Andalusia to the Ottomans, seeking help and assistance.
The study highlighted the role of the Ottomans in supporting the demands of the Moorish Muslims of Andalusia, and their quick response to their repeated yelps and distress; What confirms the Ottoman State’s keenness to support these Muslims, whether directly from the center in Istanbul, or indirectly by instructing the Beylerbeys of Ottoman in Algeria to help their fellow Moriscos Muslims of Andalusia, and provide them with materiel.
It should be noted that this study relied on a group of documents found in the records of the Ottoman archives, and that some of these documents had not been published before