Ur Journal for Human Sciences

Education and training is considered one of the most important tools for improving the efficiency of employees and managers and improving their physical and mental abilities and competencies in work processes. Based on this, one of the main concerns of country officials in different societies is the design of a suitable education and training system for managers of organizations. This research aims to achieve the desired system of education and training of strategic managers. This research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature, and in terms of research method, it is a descriptive-survey type of research. The data collection tools are library studies and document review; This means that the collection of books, theses, domestic and foreign articles, and databases related to the research topic were examined and the dimensions and elements of the education system were identified. Then, the research questionnaire was designed and presented to the experts to measure the research tool, its validity was determined to be 93.1 and its reliability was determined to be 0.96. Based on the findings of the research, the ideal educational and training system for Iraqi strategic managers consists of four dimensions/pillars: Inputs with 4 main variables and 18 sub-variables; Processes with 4 main variables and 15 sub-variables; Outputs with 3 main variables and 9 sub-variables and consequences of 3 main variables and 15 sub-variables.

The current research aims to find out The extent to which Availability comprehensive quality standards in the content of the computer book for the second intermediate grade, and to achieve the goal of the research; The researchers followed the descriptive approach (content analysis), and the research sample was the computer book for the second intermediate grade. Evaluation methods), after ensuring the validity and reliability of the research tool; were used in the analysis process.
The two researchers reached the following results: The field of format and output of the computer book achieved the overall quality standards by (76.9%), as most of its indicators were achieved at a (medium) level, and in the field of scientific content, the percentage of quality standards reached (84.6%), as the indicators varied. This field is between (large, medium and weak), while in the field of evaluation, the percentage of these criteria has reached (90.4%), as most of the indicators in this field have been achieved at a (large) level

Abstract: The modernity of the short story and the renewal of the novel and criticism: Abdul Rahman Majeed Al-Rubaie …..
The research entitled (Abdul Rahman Majeed Al-Rubaie) A pioneer in the renewal and modernity of the short story, the new novel and criticism dealt with the life of the writer Abdul Rahman Majeed Al-Rubaie since childhood and its early days, which were characterized by devotion to reading, memorizing and listening to stories in the café and at home, and the most important stations he passed through and that affected his literary and cultural formation. The research dealt with his most important literary productions in the short story, novel, criticism, biography and poetry, as the cultural and literary community in the Arab and Iraqi world did not celebrate as it celebrated the productions of Abdul Rahman Majeed Al-Rubaie’s stories and novels for what is new and exciting in terms of thought and expression. No Iraqi writer has found what Al-Rubaie found in terms of open and wide doors towards his productions at the level of criticism or at the level of study and research. It also dealt with the sources of his cultural and critical formation. From this point, the research was launched to shed light on his literary career and his creativity in it at the level of his leadership of the modern short story in Iraq and also his leadership in the novel as well as his critical production in critical books from the perspective of the creator and not the specialist as a result of his broad knowledge and extensive culture. Then the research chose creative models. For the writer Al-Rubaie in the art of the short story, the image of women in it and in the novel, the significance of gender in criticism, how he employed popular heritage and inheritance in his novel. The study did not neglect the manifestations of place in Al-Rubaie’s novels (The Moon and the Walls, The Tattoo) as an example of that and the relationship of place to time, characters and events. At the end of the research, there were a number of results that the research reached as fruits picked from the biography and literature of Abdul Rahman Majeed Al-Rubaie

The research aims to identify the correlation between psychological safety and mature personality. This led the researcher to build a measure of psychological safety consisting of (25) items and to build a measure of mature personality consisting of (34) items. After verifying the psychometric properties of the two scales, they were applied to an adult statistical analysis sample. (400) male and female students, while the final application sample reached (200) male and female students. After collecting information and analyzing it statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Spss), the researcher concluded that there is a correlation between psychological safety and the mature personality of middle school students.

The current research aims to identify the desire for control for middle school students and the achievement gap for middle school students and to identify the correlation between the desire for control and the achievement gap for middle school students. In order to achieve these goals, the researcher selected a sample of (380) male and female students from the holy Karbala Governorate for the academic year (2024-2025), where the researcher translated the (1979 Burger & Cooper) scale for the desire to control. The researcher constructed the achievement gap scale based on the theory of (Nicholls, 1989), then conducted a statistical analysis of the paragraphs and verified the psychometric properties of (validity, reliability). After verifying the validity of the two research tools through indicators of validity and reliability, and applying them to the research sample, then collecting the data and processing it statistically. The current research concluded that middle school students have a desire for control and have an average level of achievement gap. The results also indicated the existence of a statistically significant inverse correlation between the two research variables , According to these results reached in the current research, a set of recommendations and proposals were developed.

The research has proven that the principle of "completion" is a foundational and comprehensive principle in Islamic jurisprudence. It establishes that the Lawgiver (Allah) has perfected legislation, leaving no room for deficiency in its obligations. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the Lawgiver has demanded the implementation of legislations as He ordained and intended. If any deficiency occurs, whether in the prerequisites necessary for the validity of obligations or due to a shortfall on the part of the obligated individual (whether intentional or unintentional), or in the supplementary aspects required to achieve the completeness of obligations, the Lawgiver has established legislations to address such deficiencies and imperfections. This ensures that Allah's blessings upon His believing servants are perfected
The study has established that this foundational principle derives its legitimacy from a range of textual evidence in the Qur’an and Sunnah. These texts are definitive in their indication of the necessity of adhering to this principle in legislations and obligations specifically. Moreover, in terms of its application, the principle extends deeply into all areas of jurisprudence, in addition to other branches of Islamic law.

Hijab, as a religious duty in Islam, represents a controversial topic in the modern era, as it has become a field for the overlap of religious, social and intellectual discourses. While jurists considered it an Islamic tradition linked to clear teachings in religious texts, modernist trends emerged that reconsidered the concept of hijab and its connotations, trying to link it to changes in the social and historical context.
Modernist views are based on a different interpretation of the Qur’anic texts and the hadiths of the Prophet, considering that hijab is not just a religious obligation, but rather a historical phenomenon resulting from certain social and cultural circumstances. Although these views were accepted in some circles, they sparked widespread criticism from scholars and jurists who saw them as a violation of religious constants.

The research aims to identify the relationship between human memory and electronic memory for employees of the University of Mosul, its sample consisted of (120) individuals from the College of Education for Humanities of various ages, and various functions and tasks. To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers prepared a questionnaire consisting of (28) dual paragraphs related to the use of human memory in the past (previously) and electronic memory (currently), its binary alternatives (yes / no) to know the extent of the use of human memory currently in the presence of available electronic memory available in all modern devices and technologies, and the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were confirmed after applying it to an exploratory sample consisting of (80) teaching staff and employees from the Faculties of Education for Pure Sciences, Computer Science and Mathematics. the questionnaire applied electronically, having created through (Google Forms), and send the link via e-mail and groups of (Viber) application.
The researchers put three questions: What is the level of human memory use among the members of the research sample before developing the electronic memory? What is the level of electronic memory usage among the members of the research sample at the present time? Is there a statistically significant correlation between the use of human memory previously and the use of electronic memory at the present time? To answer the research questions, the researchers applied the questionnaire, their data were recorded and statistically processed, it was concluded that the presence of electronic memory led to a great dependence on it and consequently resulted in a weakness in the use of human memory, so the researchers came out with a number of Conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to:
1- Measure harmful seduction among female students of Shatrah University, College of Education for Girls.
2- The significance of knowing the statistical differences in seduction among female students of the College of Education for Girls
According to the specialized specialization (scientific-human).
To achieve this, the counter-seduction scale (Shaya, 2013) was adopted. It consists of (31) paragraphs, and in front of each paragraph there are five graded alternatives for the answer (Applies to me completely. Applies to me often. Applies to me sometimes. Applies to me rarely. Does not apply to me at all). When correcting, it is given the grades (5-4-3-2-1). The validity of the scale was verified by the apparent validity index by presenting the paragraphs of the scale to (7). Experts specialized in psychological and educational sciences and kindergartens. The stability of the scale was verified by retesting, and the stability value of the scale reached (0.82). After verifying the accuracy of the psychometric properties of the research scale, the attraction research was applied to the basic research sample of (200) female students, and the results showed the following: Female students of the College of Education for Girls have a counter-attraction and there are no differences according to specialization. The current research came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions

This research deals with the artistic image formulated by the poets of the first Abbasid era in their depiction of horses. This was in the context of several topics, the most prominent of which were war and hunting. The nature of the subject necessitated dividing it into two sections: the first is theoretical, explaining the concept of the artistic image and its patterns based on simile, metaphor, and metonymy. The second section is an applied study of the artistic image of the horse in the context of the topics addressed by the poets, the most prominent of which were the artistic image of the horse on the topic of war, and the artistic image of the horse on the topic of hunting. The research reached a number of results, the most prominent of which was the predominance of simile and metonymic images over the artistic images used by the poets of the first Abbasid era in their depiction of horses in the context of themes of war and hunting.

This research discusses the hallway as one of the cooling methods in architecture during the Abbasid era. It is considered a passage or internal space used in Islamic architecture and serves many important functions. The hallway is often located directly after the door and acts as a meeting point between external and internal spaces. It regulates the airflow into the buildings while preventing dust from entering.
The hallway also ensures privacy and security, as it provides a private area for sleeping and relaxation without being seen by others. In certain palaces, the hallway was used for administrative purposes, such as for storage or as an office, and sometimes even for education. This reflects that the hallway was a space designed to maintain coolness during the summer, becoming a significant method of cooling in buildings.

The year 1921 is considered a prominent and distinctive turning point in the modern history of Iraq, represented by the emergence of the first kernel for the formal establishment of the Iraqi government, after the appropriate conditions were created for this great event. Prince Faisal bin Al-Hussein faced several challenges after his candidacy for the throne of Iraq, which ended with his coronation as king on August 23, 1921, so the Iraqi Alweai had different and differing attitude on this matter. In light of that, this research came to reveal the position of the Basra Lewai regarding the process of crowning Prince Faysal as king of Iraq. The research was divided into four parts, the first one includes an overview of Prince Faisal's life until 1920, while the second focuses nominating Prince Faisal for the throne of Iraq. As for the third part, devotes to pledging allegiance to the Basra Lewai to Prince Faisal, while the fourth aspect includes the congratulatory telegrams that were sent from the various classes of the visual community to King Faisal on that occasion .
The research relied on a number of various sources, at the forefront of which the documents of the royal court, which included accurate and valuable information about the telegrams sent from the Basra Lewai to King Faisal. In addition to the Iraqi newspapers, which contained good and scarce information that was not available in other sources.

During the 1930s and the years that followed, the Basra district witnessed an urban campaign in various service aspects that the city and its sub-districts and sub-districts were in dire need of. The completion of many of these works, and in the process of revealing the most prominent urban developments witnessed by the Basra District, the research came to shed light on that, to shed light on them and the extent of benefit and service they achieved to the Basra community at that time .
The research was divided into four axes, the first of which included the most prominent government projects that were established in the Basra district and its districts, foremost of which were the electricity and water projects that were the backbone of life. It cannot be dispensed with, while the second axis focused on the most prominent service projects that included health and educational institutions and the construction of houses, while the third axis included urban projects that were represented by paving and organizing streets, as well as constructing bridges that facilitated the movement of transport between the population, and since Basra was known With (The Gun of the East) due to the large number of rivers in it, the last axis came to shed light on the process of purifying and sustaining rivers in the Basra district .

The research relied on a number of diverse sources that provided it with valuable and rare information, and in that the visual newspapers became an important and indispensable source because they included valuable, diverse and rare information that other sources lacked, foremost of which are Al-Thaghar newspaper, Al-Nas newspaper, Al-Dustour newspaper, and Al-Sijil newspaper

Abstract Wind erosion is one of the problems with negative effects on dry and semi-dry lands in the world, including most of the lands of Iraq, which are exposed to this phenomenon to varying degrees. The research showed that the Al-Rahab area is exposed to a high degree of wind erosion according to the (chepil) equation, which was helped by the nature of the geological formation of the study area. The presence of sedimentary formations containing sand, clay, silt and gravel from the Triassic sediments contributed to increasing the effect of wind erosion and making it a permanent source of wind feeding with sediments, in addition to the flatness of the earth's surface, the lack of vegetation cover, the lack of rain, the high temperatures, the increased evaporation rate, the increased wind speed that is not less than 3 km / h, and the lack of humidity, in addition to human activities such as the presence of quarries, random dirt roads and the wrong methods used in agriculture, all of which are suitable conditions for the occurrence of wind erosion that affects the study area and its dryness, which results in an increase in dust density and the failure to maintain permanent vegetation cover, resulting in the formation of some phenomena such as sand dunes and then their impact on residential areas and service facilities and causing some respiratory diseases. The study area residents, in addition to threatening agricultural lands and burying cultivated plants, estimated the susceptibility of areas affected by erosion, which varies spatially based on the equation proposed by (Shiyati) and its spatial distribution. The study also showed the human and natural factors affecting wind erosion, which lead to the emergence of this problem, and explained its causes, ways to address it, and the forms resulting from wind erosion. The effects of natural and human factors represented by overgrazing and deterioration of the vegetation cover were addressed. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is poor environmental management in terms of lack of interest in vegetation cover, overgrazing, the absence of laws regulating this, and leaving agricultural lands fallow. All of these factors helped increase the impact of wind erosion. The study also concluded that geomorphological processes, especially severe erosion processes, have a significant impact on the formation of sand dunes, which are a source of wind feeding with dust and fine particles, in addition to their significant effects on the natural environment and human activity in the study area. The researcher proposed several recommendations, the most important of which is the establishment of windbreaks and green belts and determining their path in a vertical direction with the prevailing wind direction in The study area is the northwest winds sometimes turning to the southeast and encouraging scientific studies on the environmental problems resulting from wind erosion, especially sand dunes and their encroachment and threat to various human activities and accelerating the application of temporary and permanent preventive treatments.

Susan Glaspell's *Trifles* profoundly explores gender dynamics and the systemic oppression of women in early 20th-century America. From a feminist perspective, Mrs. Wright emerges as a poignant victim, embodying the struggles and silenced voices of women constrained by patriarchal norms. Her isolation, symbolized by her desolate home and the dead canary, reflects the emotional and psychological abuse inflicted by her husband, Mr. Wright, who functions as the archetypal victimizer. The play analyzes societal dismissiveness towards women's experiences, encapsulated in trivializing their concerns. Key themes include oppression, isolation, gender roles, and solidarity, revealing how Mrs. Wright's actions become a desperate response to her systemic victimization. Through the lens of feminist critique, Glaspell's work highlights individual trauma and challenges the broader societal structures that perpetuate such injustices.
This research aims to shed light on how we go deeper into the play to see it as a multi-leveled prison, a literal prison that symbolizes the bird's cage; it is a small prison, and the wife is the prisoner. The husband is also a prisoner in a bigger prison, which is society. We can see that the husband is the victim and the victimizer; even the wife here is the victim and the victimizer of the bird. The modern age tries to dehumanize people, and they all turn into machines or robots with no feelings to express. Mrs. Wright has no voice to express her feelings and wants a voice. The bird symbolizes her voice. Now she is silent like a piece of furniture in the house.