Dijlah Journal

The process of improving the quality of academic sector is an important factor for developing countries. Many universities follow a process called CAD system, and this system is managed by ministry of higher education. So that, there should a be computerized system, which can compromise all the required data into a database or record for the future uses by academic staff and ministry of higher education as well. So that, this research tries to find well-structured process to handle the all CAD process management, by using Gmail account and google applications that help the working process to follow an easy and usable strategies. The obtained result from this research, is that academic staff can follow a systematic process of CAD without any fussy steps or misleading outcomes. Also, it helps to organize the CAD points collection further simple.

This research performs linear regression modeling with Bayesian approach. There are many kinds of regression analysis. The most repeatedly manipulated by researchers is the Frequentist methods that are often utilized in linear regression are Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), it has dissimilarity among two types of regression Frequentist and Bayesian in expression of looking at a parameter, along with the Bayesian development, assorted studies have manifested better modeling outcomes than the Frequentist method. After Appling two regression methods, we conclude this result: Three variables (affected the numbers of eggs in infertility, or parameters of the three independent variables are significant, the value of explain these variables is 0.698 .The MSE are equal in two methods. We conclude that the Bayesian regression method is best model for this data. As well as Bayesian approach can be used as an alternative method for the model. The comparison between Bayesian and Frequentist (OLS) modeling results have shown by using several criteria’s such as RMSE, MAPE , AIC,BIC, ,MAD, and R2. The results showed that the linear regression method by using Bayesian approach is better than Frequentist method using OLS.

The stochastic finite element technique is one of the best tools for computational stochastic mechanics (SFEM). Static and dynamic stochastic mechanical issues can be addressed using the traditional deterministic finite element (FE) approach., geometric, and/or loading aspects using SFEM, a stochastic framework extension. The substantial care that SFEM has got over the past 10 years is partly due to the dramatic growth in computer power that has enabled efficient treatment of large-scale challenges possible. This study aims to present a the reviews of historical and recent improvements in the SFEM area, along with defining future directions and certain open concerns that the computational mechanics community will need to solve in the future. Using random finite elements (RFEM), by combining the finite element approach with spatially variable random field ground models, a reliability-based geotechnical methodology that considers weakest path failure reasons as well as spatial variability is created. The main benefit of RFEM is the capacity to accurately represent spatial heterogeneity in ground parameters, as well as the advantage to follow the weakest in the soil and mass, and allow site information to be used throughout the design process.

This study aims to examine the relationship between "domestic" criminal law and "international" criminal law - which is one of the most important branches of public international law -. One of the researcher's concerns was also presenting and discussing the relationship between the two laws, and discussing the intersection and complementarity between them, and are they affected by local laws or not? . The researcher also discussed the authority of international law - with regard to crime - and the researcher concluded: the independence of international criminal law, and also concluded that local laws are affected by the rules of international law, with mutual effects between them at times.

The research aims to test the effect of organizational envy (good envy and bad envy) on job oppression by mediating organizational favoritism in the Ministry of Water Resources. Descriptive data analysis based on SPSS and AMOS software, and the direct and intermediate hypotheses were tested. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are the departments within the center of the ministry seeking to develop their work if other departments notice better than them, and the tendency to favoritism and the desire to be absent from work and that organizational envy is related With organizational nepotism and functional oppression, in addition to that any change in organizational envy can have an impact on organizational nepotism and functional oppression, and organizational favoritism contributes to increasing the impact of organizational envy in functional oppression. . And the intensification of development courses for workers to help increase their job superiority and the tendency to support benign envy, and to hold informative seminars on the importance of professionalism at work and positive nepotism that focus on talents, understanding the suffering of employees, hearing their problems, striving to solve them, and working to resolve conflicts and silent problems within the workplace.

International, regional and local organizations sponsor a set of standards and awards to deal with the management of industrial companies and how they arrive to excel. The current research focused on testing the basic aspects of the Malcolm Baldrige criterion award to achieve a superior performance (leadership, strategic planning, focusing on the market and the customer, information and analysis, the concentration of human resources, the effectiveness of operations, business results) which applied on three of Iraq's industrial companies to find out how to apply for these Standards. The researcher had prepared a questionnaire which distributed to a sample of managers of the three industrial companies (General Company for Vegetable Oils and the General Company for Cotton Industries and the General Company for Construction Industries) by (15) forms for each company. Analysis was performed depending on the number of statistical methods to validate two assumptions. If the basic aspects of this award contribute to achieving a performance organisational and the second hypothesis is there a significant contrast between the sample of companies in the superior performance indicators. The results came matching the hypotheses that have been developed and show that the basic aspects of the award contribute to achieving a performance organisational and the administration's focus on the development of a clear vision, as well as personal involvement of leadership and review of the levels of performance of employees have been employed well. It has been out a number of conclusions and propose recommendations that will hopefully be taken advantage by the responsible of this domain taking attention to the administrative and scientific aspects and encourage competition between workers in the field of superior performance by valuing the efforts financially and morally and conducting ongoing meetings between them and all the workers.

Today’s world is witnessing the growth of the phenomenon of the hidden economy within the international economic system, and the hidden economy was not of recent origin, but rather this phenomenon has developed with the development of economic transactions, and the definitions and names of that economy have varied according to writers and their intellectual references, and the characteristics of the hidden economy have varied over the course of history and have had several political and economic effects The various developed and developing countries alike, and in light of the digital developments witnessed by the world, the size of that economy has increased and its repercussions on national economies have varied to be reflected in the political and economic stability of developing countries, and many developed countries have played a major role in encouraging that economy within developing countries The activities of the hidden economy vary according to its size within countries.

Force has dominated international relations since the dawn of time, and it continues to do so today. In the international community, this led in a lack of cohesion and inequity. This issue has become one of the issues that threaten international peace and security and put them at risk, because the illegal actions undertaken by states in order to achieve their interests have greatly revealed the great contradiction between what is found in the rules of international law, especially the peremptory ones, and what is in the international relations project. Violations that go far beyond the provisions of this law.
For a long period of time, historians agreed on the two most important prohibitions that threatened human life and existence in ancient societies: the spread of epidemics and the outbreak of wars. If scientific progress in the field of modern medicine can control and eliminate the spread of most types of epidemics, it has so far failed to overcome the causes of war and aggression and justify its rise.
If wars are not subject to any social law, and if their only drive is the desires of rulers and peoples, then there will be no hope of predicting them scientifically. This means that humanity must always submit to it blindly without understanding it.
Punishment for it after its occurrence and its coming is the main motive for the establishment of contemporary international organization and the application of public international law to countries that violate its rules. This is what prompts us to pause and reflect on the extent to which this organization has succeeded in achieving the most prominent goal that necessitated its existence and establishment.

The study aims to determine the level of influence of the independent variable financial technology in its dimensions (payment technology, financial control technology, technology, finance and lending, investment technology) on the dependent variable of the banking business environment with its dimensions (human resources, organizational culture, systems and procedures, customer satisfaction, competition) represented by The problem of the research is the need to focus on the development of financial technology in banks, in addition to developing the adopted work strategies and directing the Iraqi financial institutions. And keep pace with automation in order to benefit from its services to achieve a competitive advantage, and (7) governmental and private banks were selected as sites for the study, which are (Rafidain Bank, Al-Rasheed Bank, International Development Bank, Ashur International Bank, Khaleeji Commercial Bank, Al-Mansour Investment Bank, Union Bank of Iraq). A sample of 147 individuals from bank managers, department officials, divisions, units, and employees In the relevant departments, the study adopted the descriptive analytical approach through a questionnaire prepared according to the Likert five-way scale as a main tool in data and information collection and analysis. The study used a number of statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Spearman correlation coefficient, simple linear regression) through the SPSS statistical program, and the study reached a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a correlation between financial technology and the banking business environment, and this motivates the bank to adopt financial technology applications, as it was found that there is a significant effect of the relationship between financial technology and its combined dimensions in the business environment. The results showed that 54.4% of the changes that occur in the banking business environment are caused by the four dimensions of financial technology

The tax is one of the main sources of state revenue that it needs to meet the public expenditures necessary for the development of society and to meet its economic and social needs constitutionally and legally. Among the most important objectives of the tax is the financial objective, which is intended to provide the necessary funds to cover the state’s public expenditures, create a state of balance within society, in addition to stimulating the phenomenon of saving and thus investment to improve economic growth rates and achieve a state of justice in the distribution of income among members of society in accordance with the internal constitutional principle and external (the principle of equality), and the phenomenon of tax evasion comes to be one of the tools that stand in the way of achieving justice in the distribution of income, which reflects negative effects on the tax proceeds, and represents an obstacle to achieving development. The reasons for the expansion of this phenomenon in Iraq are due to administrative, legislative and even moral reasons. And to the weak tax awareness of members of society and the spread of manifestations of bribery and administrative and financial corruption, which encouraged the exacerbation of this phenomenon, which led to a decrease in the tax proceeds to reflect its negative effects on the economy and deepened the phenomenon of the rentier economy based on oil revenues only in a large proportion and to the diminishing importance of taxes in the formation of the gross domestic product The case is devoted to the lack of diversification of the sources of national income.

The parliamentary system is one of the representative systems, as this system is based on the duality of the executive authority, and the flexible separation of powers with cooperation and balance between them. The parliamentary system as one of the systems of government is characterized by a number of characteristics. It also includes some negatives or obstacles that are attributed to it in general.

The research aims to identify the possibility of applying the teaching and learning axis from the national standards for accrediting the faculties of administration and economics in Iraq, analyzing the gap and identifying the strengths and weaknesses using the Check List to reach and achieve the objectives of the study.
The problem of the study stems from the need of the College of Administration and Economics, University of Basra, which was chosen as a community for the study and the Department of Business Administration, the sample of the study to apply the education and learning axis from the national standards for the accreditation of the colleges of administration and economics, as it represents an essential element for their success in light of the current and future conditions and for the purpose of solving the problem, the case study approach was adopted The checklist was used to collect the necessary data, review the college’s documents, conduct personal interviews for the employees of the Quality and Accreditation Department and its senior departments (the Dean, Head of the Business Administration Department, and Head of the Quality and Accreditation Department), and after analyzing the data collected using the arithmetic mean and percentage of the measures that were selected to determine the gap. To identify the extent to which the teaching and learning axis can be applied from the national standards for accrediting the faculties of administration and economics in Iraq.
The study concluded that there is a possibility to apply the education and learning axis from the national standards for accrediting the faculties of administration and economics in the college under study. In addition, the analysis shows that the College of Administration and Economics, Department of Business Administration, needs to continue working to meet the requirements of standards and implement continuous improvement processes in order to continue in Close this gap. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which was that universities and administrative colleges should apply national standards for accrediting colleges of administration and economics to address weaknesses and enhance strengths in application.

The research is concerned with determining the level of interest of the Directorate of National Card Affairs for the independent variable, re-engineering human resources and its dimensions, and determining the level of adoption of the Directorate under consideration for the dependent variable, service innovation. The research problem that the two researchers reached is represented in the limited awareness of the senior management in the Directorate of National Card Affairs of the importance of employing the dimensions of the independent variable, re-engineering human resources represented by (organizational, technological, and human) and the dependent variable of service innovation. And the weak interest of the Directorate under discussion in human resources, despite the fact that they are the most important strategic resource for the organization, and the source of all innovations and innovations for it. The researchers chose a random sample from the research community, which included the affiliates in the Directorate of National Card Affairs, which amounted to (220) members, and the questionnaire was used to collect information. And the use of the program (SPSS V.24) to analyze the information of the questionnaire using several statistical methods, the most important of which are (weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and regression coefficient). The most prominent conclusions reached by the research were the existence of an effect of the independent variable (re-engineering human resource) and its dimensions in the dependent variable (service innovation), and this indicates that re-engineering human resource has an active role in achieving service innovation in the directorate under study. The most prominent recommendations were to increase interest in human resources and manage them properly by increasing their participation in the decision-making process of the Directorate, allowing the beneficiary to express his opinion on the quality of the service provided and opening information and feedback programs.

Despite the importance of economic development in developing performance and supporting competitive advantage in economic units, there is a gap and lack of coordination between providers of combined assurance (management, internal audit, external audit) to report on economic development, The research aims to measure the effect of combined assurance providers in achieving economic development in the Iraqi economic units. The effect of combine assurance in achieving economic development was measured using a questionnaire, and the number of valid forms for analysis was (79), It was designed in line with the research objective. The questionnaire was divided into two axes. The first axis represented the combined assurance and contained three dimensions (management, internal audit, and external audit). While the second axis is economic development, and after the research hypotheses have been tested according to statistical methods, A number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which are: Through combined assurance, the assurance processes carried out by the assurance providers are combined and a comprehensive view of all potential risks is given and coordinated. The research reached the most important recommendations: The need to implement the combined assurance in the Iraqi economic units because it gives a comprehensive view of the senior management on the potential risks related to economic activities.

The research aims to study the impact of production capabilities and innovation capabilities on The economic dimension of sustainable marketing in the industrial sector, specifically in the energy-saving lighting (LED) factory in the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries, It is considered one of the important factories in the industrial sector because of its great importance in assembling and manufacturing LED lighting lamps of all kinds, external and internal, and marketing them to the public and private sectors. The research community represents all employees of the plant in question. A random sample of workers in the factory was selected for the research community, and it amounted to (138) workers. The questionnaire was the main tool in collecting data and information. The program (SPSS V.24) was used to show the results with the help of several statistical methods, the most important of which are (weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Spearman correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression coefficient). The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant correlation between production capabilities, innovation capabilities and the economic dimension of sustainable marketing. It has also been proven that there is a significant impact between production capabilities and innovation capabilities and The economic dimension of sustainable marketing .The most prominent recommendations in order to achieve the social dimension of sustainable marketing in the factory under consideration, It should pay more attention to production capabilities and innovation capabilities, by working on developing and constantly improving skills, expertise and technology used, and Providing products that keep pace with technological development.

occupies great importance in the Iraqi economy and constitutes a very important percentage of its gross domestic product (GDP), and the extent to which Iraq can benefit from its commercial relationship or not in light of its commercial reality with some neighboring countries (Iran and Syria), and the extent to which there is an impact on imports And exports on the Iraqi gross domestic product, which varies between its trade with those countries, Where the trade relations between Iraq with some neighboring countries (Iran and Syria) are measured and analyzed and a standard model is built to test this relationship and its impact on the gross domestic produc , with regard to the results obtained through some neighboring countries (Iran and Syria, as it was found that there is an impact of imports from Iran on the gross domestic product, due to reduced prices and the use of the dumping policy in the local market, and with regard to the results obtained through exports For some neighboring countries (Iran and Syria), it was found that they do not have an impact on the GDP, due to the weak infrastructure and the limited local products exported by the country.

The current research aims to evaluate the fight against money laundering in the central bank and to identify the supervisory procedures of the central bank in financial institutions to reduce money laundering operations as well as the procedures used in the central bank to reduce this phenomenon, and the research focused on the Central Bank of Iraq and (3) private commercial banks Through them, the checklist for the research topic was filled out, and the financial reports of the research sample banks for the period (2017-2020) were analyzed. As for the practical side, the research sample included the Central Bank of Iraq, as well as a group of private Iraqi banks (Development Bank, Gulf Bank, and United Investment Bank), and the research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the Central Bank of Iraq analyzes and compares the reports sent to it using financial indicators represented by many The accounting ratios extracted from the financial statements of those institutions and to check whether these reports are sent to the supervisory authorities to ensure the safety of the work of the financial institutions. Compliance, and increased follow-up of the bank's procedures in seizing the funds used in the commission of the money laundering crime and how to fund it. In addition to the need to intensify the efforts of the Central Bank of Iraq to expand the base of financial inclusion in the country and to include the monetary mass that exists outside the banking system into the banking system in order to access the ease of monitoring it and reduce the risks of money laundering as well as the ease of tracking it and developing a strategic plan to achieve this goal.

Public spending on health is one of the most important fiscal issues facing advanced and developing economies alike over the past decades. This study sought to assess the level of spending on public health by studying the evolution of the volume of financial allocations that were monitored for the health sector during the period 2007-2020, and their response to the needs of the health sector, based on some health care indicators. The study aims to shed light on the general government spending policy on health and to show the ways of distributing public spending on health and the extent of employment during the fiscal year.
The study was divided into three chapters, the first dealt with (the theoretical and conceptual framework for government health spending), the second (health services), and the third the reality of health government spending in Iraq and its special indicators. In 2016, which led to an increase in wages for health services provided by the Ministry? In addition to the low quality of those services, and of course this led to an increase in personal spending on health by individuals in the public and private sectors. As for the recommendations, the development of the health sector requires a package of plans that result in initiatives and programs that form the basis for the transitional phase established to achieve health transformation in line with with the vision of developed countries.

Taxes are one of the financial policy tools through which the state can provide the financial revenues needed to finance its public expenditures, as well as use it to direct the economy to achieve economic and social stability. The research found that the tax system in Iraq is characterized by its weak flexibility, and its inability to respond to the requirements of economic growth or to changes in the structure of economic activity, and then the low role of tax revenues in financing the general budget in Iraq. As a result of the low percentage of its contribution, as it constituted an average contribution rate of (11.1%) of the total public revenues, and this confirms the profitability of the Iraqi economy and its great dependence on oil revenues in financing the general budget. Finally, indicators of the efficiency of the tax system in Iraq indicated the low level of efficiency of that system, as the tax system could not use the tax energy efficiently. With more effective taxes, they contribute to increasing tax revenues and better feed the public budget. While the research recommended the need to increase the efficiency of the taxpayer inventory system as it is the first step to identify all sources of income subject to tax, and the accuracy of the inventory reflects the success of the tax administration in implementing the tax law and reducing opportunities for tax evasion as well as activating the role of tax control through the formation of inspection committees from Some independent bodies and academics to impart independence and efficiency when inspecting.

The problem of the study was the absence of sufficient guiding principles to support the continuity of industrial facilities in light of the current economic conditions, threats and the professional reality that witnesses more cases of litigation for lack of continuity and also the successive developments and variables in the environment of industrial facilities from the multiplicity of production processes and the large number of their laws and regulations governing them, and that Through the application of the modern administrative method (the method of accounting for open records) and how to apply it and avoid the risks associated with this application. The study aimed to identify the role of the records accounting method in supporting the continuity of the establishment, showing the relationship between (mutated confidence, optimal use of incentives) and the continuity of the establishment. The study followed the historical, and descriptive analytical method. The study reached conclusions, including that the optimal use of incentives by guaranteeing a profit margin leads to an increase in the volume of long-term transactions and help in improving joint performance. The study recommended working to keep abreast of recent developments in the modern business environment to assess the facility's ability to continue.

The research aims to study the role of electronic disclosure in enhancing the comprehension property of accounting information in Iraqi banks, and to achieve the goal a checklist was used for the purpose of data collection, and the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that electronic disclosure contributes to the comprehension events of information users, which It helps them to make appropriate decisions in the economic units of the research sample, as well as the existence of a relationship between the application of electronic disclosure and the ability to understand information. The research presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which was the necessity for the Iraqi Stock Exchange to compel listed banks operating in the Iraqi environment to adopt electronic disclosure

The research aims to shed light on the role of summer training in developing professional skills and practical experience for students of banking and financial sciences departments in Iraqi universities.To clarify the relationship between the research variables, three hypotheses were formulated, and the questionnaire was adopted as a tool in collecting data and information related to the research, as it was prepared based on a number of ready-made scales and using the five-point Likert scale, and it was subjected to validity and reliability measures, and it was distributed to a sample consisting of (138) students A trainee in the Department of Banking and Financial Sciences for the third stage of Tigris College. To analyze the research data, he used the ready-made statistical program (SPSS) and (Excel) program. . The researcher reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, most notably the need to pay attention to the development of educational curricula for the Department of Banking and Financial Sciences to keep pace with the rapid and successive changes and developments in the contemporary banking environment, as well as scientific developments in other related disciplines, in a way that helps meet the needs of the banking labor market from qualified banking cadres. As the practical reality of employment in private banks indicates the need for practical experience for the advanced student from (3-5) years as a minimum, and this makes the graduate students confused about their matter, because the experience they gained during the summer training period is one month, which is the period prescribed according to the laws And the instructions issued by the Iraqi Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, and this is an insufficient period, and the other thing is that there are no public or private institutions, whether banking or financial, in which graduates can register for the purpose of gaining the experience required by private banks.

The research aims to demonstrate the role of rentier returns in the development of the productive sector consisting of various sectors (agricultural, industrial, commercial, banking, and others) achieved from financial resources (revenues) of the oil sector through operating and sustainable investment that achieves current and future economic goals and financial and non-financial outputs and resources that reach Society to the point of satisfaction with the ruling class with the strategic plans set by it that include development projects within a diversified economic structure, so the deductive approach was followed on the theoretical side and the descriptive analytical approach on the practical side, and the researcher decided to choose the UAE as a model for economic and sustainable development for the period from 2004-2020 AD in terms of its transformation Gradually from a rentier economy with financial financing based on oil revenues estimated at 73 billion dirhams - 114.6 billion dirhams of a unilateral nature represented by an economic structure consisting only of contributions from the oil sector, but the UAE government soon resorted to preparing feasibility studies consistent with the economic situation The internal and global economic situation from the fall in oil prices and the pollution associated with industrial processes and a broad decline After the global crisis of 2009 AD and the fluctuating oil prices after 2014 AD and the Corona pandemic, all of these economic shocks revived the UAE economic sector, which now enjoys the largest economy It is diversified in the Gulf Cooperation Council region, and the non-oil sector currently accounts for about 70% of the national GDP, and the figure is expected to rise to 85% by 2025.

The research aims at the importance of relying on virtual reality in improving the quality of financial information for the purpose of rationalizing investment decisions.
And for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, it was relied on analyzing the results of the questionnaire for the purpose of knowing the strength of the correlation and influence between the two variables.
Several conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that the application of virtual reality technology leads to improving the quality of financial information for the banks of the research sample.
Many recommendations were reached, the most important of which is relying on virtual reality to improve the quality of the financial information of the research sample banks

The studay aims to provide an opportunity to learn from the future, which helps the sports departments in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports to look at the factors of certainty and uncertainty that govern the management of sports, whose environment today is witnessing a lot of changes and factors, which hinders the achievement of the desired strategic goals, despite the following thinking and planning in a way Strategic still lacks a comprehensive view of the long-term future and what are the factors that govern the management of sports and it was necessary to search for other tools in strategic thinking that take into account taking most of the factors that have the strongest influence or that are considered drivers of changing the state of sports management from one state to another and the laboratory method was chosen The French Probability Matrix Structural Analysis Micmac v. 5.3.0 One of the Godet methodology techniques that he developed and developed since the seventies and is considered one of the most effective techniques for formulating scenarios for the coming future, especially as it takes all the factors that govern the studied phenomenon and examines the nature of the direct and indirect mutual relationships between them. Its use will take into account the identification of the reasons for the development that the sports scene will turn into in Iraq A number of conclusions were reached, including that the most important factors governing sports management are budgets and the skill of the human resource in planning and sports strategies. The wild card scenario was also used in the event that the unwanted future was achieved.

Once purchased from the endpoint, a return to the past takes permanent actions in order to get answers to the contact, and permanent contacts take place abroadAnd sometimes the constitutional judiciary does not have this right, and thus the need arises to find other means to ensure the implementation of those decisions, provided that these guarantees are effective and effective by obliging the addressees and forcing them to implement in case of opposition. In general, and the constitutional judiciary in particular, is an indispensable necessity for the stability of rights and legal positions. Without implementation, these decisions and the rights they protect become useless

The research aims to assess the extent of the ability of the re-discount rate as one of the monetary policy tools used by the Central Bank of Iraq to achieve financial sustainability in the Iraqi economy (2020-2005), he two researchers reached some conclusions, the most important of which was that the monetary policy adopted by the Central Bank of Iraq contributes to achieving financial sustainability. One of the most important recommendations made by the two researchers was the necessity of the central bank following a monetary policy capable of making the economy financially sustainable by controlling the re-discount rate according to the prevailing economic conditions.

This research aims to know the effect of the reinsurance strategy in reducing the risks facing the direct insurance companies, if reinsurance is considered the party that the insurance companies resort to to provide the story. This research dealt with the insurance sector because of its great role in protecting the national economy. Is reinsurance considered one of the successful ways to face risks, and does reinsurance have a role in developing the insurance business The National Insurance Company was chosen as the research center as it is the largest insurance company in Iraq. Data was collected through a questionnaire that was distributed to middle and senior management in the company The research concluded that reinsurance is the safe and successful way to reduce risks and break up the risk. The research recommended the necessity of expanding reinsurance operations and intensifying training courses for workers in the field of reinsurance.

This research deals with the position of the representatives of the Dulaim province towards international policy towards Iraq and Arab issues Also, the position of Britain, the position of USA the position of Baghdad pact and positions of other countries, relying on the records and documents that documenting that period from 1945 – 1958.

The idea of the research is that the migration of Iraqi scientific competencies has become a permanent problem that is difficult to solve because of the large financial losses it causes on the economic level of the country. The research dealt with reviewing the migration of Indian competencies out of India and then their return in recent decades due to the changes that occurred in their countries. India had taken some measures to limit brain drain and preserve emerging talent, so India is one of the countries that have been able to succeed in transforming brain drain into brain gain. And at a time when Iraq is witnessing a large migration of its scientific competencies, which affected the Iraqi economy. Therefore, the importance of the research lies in studying the reality of the migration of Iraqi scientific competencies and the availability of a suitable environment to accommodate them upon return or from their place of residence in the Diaspora by benefiting from the Indian experience as it is one of the successful experiences to benefit from its emigrating competencies. The research concluded that the political, security, economic and social challenges that Iraq is going through represent pressures that stand in the way of caring for these competencies or benefiting from them for the development of their country. ‏