AL-ADAB JOURNAL

In this research, I claim that I selected a different poet, though he is one of those who write the classical form of Arabic qasida, or what is called "Poetry Poem", still he is a master of stylistic poetic devices who is firmly confident of his stylistic tools. His extraordinary capacity and talent have a clear imprint on his poetic oeuvre. This poet is Mohammed al-Baghdadi in his poem collection titled Ma lam Yakun Mumkinan (What was not Possible). Since the inner and external estrangements dominated all that is related to the poetry of Mohammed al-Baghdadi, we find him overwhelmed by misty semantic signification which makes the reader a participant in the writing of the text, whether in the uttered language or in a parallel text, as stated in the present study. According to this vision, we investigated defamiliarization in his poem 'Talal' (Ruins), and the parallel text inside it, and then all stylistic levels of his poems 'Talal' (Ruins) and 'Wujudiyat' (Existential Issues) along with an overview of his style in the entire poem collection, as a preface which makes our investigation possible.
Then, this research has to reach at some conclusions, to end its own line of argument, to leave open all future options, whether those which agree with this study and would like to re-study it, or those which are incited by the present study and encouraged to delve deeper to find other stylistic features in the poetry of Mohammed al-Baghdadi. Hence, we believe that the sailing ships of this study should resort to the harbors of the conclusion, for it was a very delicious journey, replete with the contrasts of this roaring life. We flew with two wings of poesy and estrangement to land in the worlds of Mohammed al-Baghdadi, to find our way through the semantic interference in his book Ma lam Yakun Mumkinan (What was not Possible), and to conclude that the poet relied on his linguistic richness and his ability of imagery and defamiliarization, let alone the interference of all stylistic level of his own. We have found the

The conflict between both of identities: femininity and feminism in the individual and collective biographies women in EliF SHAFAK memoranda "BLACK MILK "
This study approaches to provide a critical reading of ELEF memoranda the drop of the public on the private and its attempt to deconstruct the stereotype the writer / mother and the of a new image confirms through which the distinction and privacy in the practice of experience. That experience which was the most important reasons for the view of inferiority. the study came in three axes : the first concerns " celebrating women's heritage " , the second axis deal with " the special experience of ELiF SHAFAK " , while the third axis focuses on " rebalancing after the concern of reproduction and motherhood "

Mei ziadah tendencied in beginnings of her social Literary activities to the realism. refused from that and inclined to the Romanticism. She achieved favorable position. Her motivies as follows: life positions, especially experiencies and essence of literary schools which are as rainbow. Colours are independent while are chaotic. the aims of this research as follows:
Expresstion of Mei ziadah, social literary position 2- analysis of her's two literary tendencies 3- clearly tracies of Romanticisom in her's works 4- motivies of Mei ziadah, s refuse from Realism and tendency to Romanticism.

The grammar is the pillar of the Arabic language and its shining head, and the care of this science has increased after being lifted by the visual school and followed by the Kufa school. The scientists became famous later. The objections and responses among the scholars emerged early. The objections in grammatical issues led me to study this at Sheikh Al-Azhari (905 AH), the research was based on the objections of Al-Azhari (905 AH) to the grammarians in the nouns in his book Explanation of the Authorization. He divided it on two topics. The first came with the following topics: Name (No) Where), and post the name after F brilliance.
The second topic, which included the following topics: the case between derivation and inertia, and presenting the case to the owner, and the worker in the confirmed case of the content of the sentence, and the movement of the caller in case it is added, and then concluded the research by mentioning the most important findings and observations reached by this study.

The intellectual nature of the criticism has made it difficult to investigate it with a critical eye. And how's that and he self-appointed as a supervisor on the other's scripts , it often practice the higher authority on its acting with a condescending speech on literary texts, even it turns to monitoring only the
aesthetics, not on his written only , but even on non-written form, through a its role as investigator. Although it's untouchable role, because he unwritten-intellectual , across these investigations.
By this the criticism forms a acritical turning point in cultural orientation, literary writing orientation, so the clarity of its authority not on readings' diversity as it is in the reader's authority , but otherwise , make the majority for single- reading .

The modern Assyrian period (911 – 612 BC) showed many dangers and challenges, with were the multiplicity of fronts in which they fought in the Levant, Asia Minor, and the Arabian peninsula, Egypt. The Elam front was one of the most dangerous fronts on the eastern border of the Empire the Assyrians fought to destabilize the Assyrian by creating a rebellion that was in fact aimed at controlling the controlling the country of Babylon itself and making it part of Elam. At the same time they showed the Babylonian that they were allied with them against the Assyrian empire, therefore, the Assyrians had to launch military campaigns to reduce risk Elamy.
It should be noted that the situation in the country of Babylon played a major role in escalating the friction with the country of Elam at a stage we can call the stage of violation and conspiracy led to the result of the intervention of Elam in the political affairs of the Babylonian and Assyrian, the king (Tglathpilser III) sent two military campaigns towards the river Olay, he succeeded in penetrating the Elam lands and was able to achieve victory. King Sargon II of Assyria (721 – 705 BC) to secure the border areas from the south of the north, did not penetrate in to the territory of Elamayam and headed on the way back to the city of Babylon to complete his final plan.
In order to understand the above subject, we have adapted a methodical scientific analytical plan consisting of three topics, dealing with the first section of the definition of the most important steps taken by the king (Tglathpilser III) to end the rebellion and order on his country while the second topic dealt with the action of king Sargon II for the same purpose, the research concluded with the third topic dealt with the war on the rule of the city of (Albi) in (706 – 707 BC) and campaigns Sargon II on the country of Elam.

The topic of this paper is about the Achaemenids in Old Testament about the tales of the Achaemenid kings and their relation to the Jews through the news recounted in the Old Testament.
The research topic is divided into three inquiries: the first inquire deals with the origin of the Achaemenids, the formation of the Achaemenids empire, where’s the second inquiry deals with the chapters of the Old Testament in which Achaemenids are mentioned, the third inquiry deals with the most remarkable Achaemenids kings who had a relation with the Jews (like Cyrus the Great, Darius I, Xerxes and Artaxerxes). The researcher paper followed the middle procedure of analysis and deduction.

If the war was a dominant subject in the history of Spain during the reign of Emperor Charles V (1518-1558), the bureaucracy was also dominant. Political events in Spain were imposed after the rise of Charles V on February 20, 1518 and the Roman Empire (1520-1521) (2) Castile enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity during the remainder of the reign of Charles V, who settled in Spain from 1522 to 1529,
The longest he has spent in this kingdom without other imperial possessions. During which he was able to strengthen the power of the Crown and to impose absolute rule without abolishing Cortis (Parliament), which increased his faith and loyalty to Charles V because of the change observed in his policy, as he sought to build institutional and financial reform that would increase property revenues and control bureaucracy for the purpose of constitutional conventions Spanish system. This study examines the most important administrative, religious and military organizations that Charles V took during the period (1522-1529) in Spain and its effect to promote the prosperity of the Kingdom and achieve a balance between the expenses of wars and sources of Spanish income.
The research discusses the foundations of administrative and financial reform of the institutions, and explains the administrative reforms of the Catholic Synod of Spain. The research also deals with the conversion of the assets of military systems to government institutions, and finally shows the military strategy of Emperor Charles V and the expenses of the war.

The current study deals with the narrations handing the deserted lands revival in the book ( Sinan Al-Kubra) written by the grand scientist ( Abi Bakr Ahmed Bin Al-Hussein bin ali Al-Bihiqi) who was born in Bahiq Binisabur that was endowed with the huge intellectual movement . This resulting into having he meet with his era scholars , then he traveled and roamed in the country for the science , he accompanied the scholars and literary men having a big role in his scientific superiority until becoming one of Muslims senior religious man, as jurisprudent , as an author who wrote many books about chastity and Islam Rules . Many scholars had been graduated under his hand owing to the science he endowed with . He died in Nisabour in 458AH .
The present study indicates that the deserted lands are the lands that had been neglected and deserted, having no owner or benefit owing to its soil since there was not water . The Islam urged the Muslims with different ways to revive these lands , most importantly, to link its districts with goodness of Allah and Islam gave ownership of the land to the one who revive it .
The research has indicated that revival of deserted lands to be owned by the one who made that , but they differed in owing such lands , some said that to own the land , was not stipulated to get the ruler's stipulation as said our messenger " The one who revived deserted land , he has a right to own it " and as he also said " There was no one unless to be felt confident"
The chief of Muslims has a right to give the deserted land to the person who revived it and he has a more right than others of Muslims. Imam Has a right to withdraw it and to give it to another person if the first one was unable to revive it . If the land area was large enough , then the chief of Muslims could grant piece of it to another person to get benefit of it.

The study investigated the size of the runoff and the flood risk of the valleys of the west of the Derbendakhan lake basin (11 wadia), which is located southeast of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate with an area of 133.148 km2. The spatial determination of these risks was determined by studying some hydrological parameters of the study area The direct correlation with the flow processes and the occurrence of flood hazards on the surface of the earth.

This research is concerned with identifying the problems facing agricultural production in the sedimentary plain of Anbar province, and developing solutions to them by drawing a picture of future directions that highlight the role of geography as a plan for studying the uses of agricultural land and its reflection in agricultural production in the study area.

A geographical information system (Arc Map 9.3) was used to achieve goal of this paper, depending on analysis of a high resolution (0.60 cm) satellite image 2010 collected by Quick Bird satellite. The main objective is examines the spatial distribution of the health care centers efficiency and mapping them (models) as a layers. After provided Geo-spatial database to modeling these layers, using specific ID. The multivariate analysis showed that inefficiency of spatial distribution of health care centers.
The researcher used in this analysis a set of statistical methods available in the Arc Map 9.3 software, such as a mean centers, nearest neighbor analysis, standard distance and possibility of access to the health facilities.

The educational level of the population, as well as their scientific and technical progress, is an important role in building the political power of the State. The huge population is not sufficient to build the power of the State alone, since the scientific and technical expertise of these populations must be provided. Although the population of Iraq is about 33 million, illiteracy and underdevelopment are significant for the population. The composition of the educational and scientific population is an important basis for distinguishing between powerful countries with international political weight and weak states that have no international political weight in international forums , Regardless of the size of its population.


The educational level of the country's population is measured by some educational indicators, such as the illiteracy rate among the male and female population of different ages, as well as the percentage of students enrolled in schools and institutes in the various educational stages. This will be shown by the researcher in his research.
The research was damaged by three questions, as well as the introduction and the summary in Arabic and English .
The first topic: - Education in Iraq before 2003
The second topic: - Geographical distribution of the numbers of students and schools in Iraq, except for the Kurdistan Region
2013-2014,2014-2015 .
The third topic: - The effects of educational dropout and high illiteracy rate on the strength of the state

The phenomenon of desertification is one of the most serious environmental phenomena that threaten the dry and semi-arid areas due to the overlap of natural factors, geological and geomorphological accompanied by dry climatic characteristics on the one hand, and human pressure in the exploitation of available resources on the other hand, This study is designed to study the phenomenon of desertification and its environmental impact on the area of Al-Ayyana, which shows the role of natural factors of temperature and humidity, and the low precipitation and evaporation in the aggravation of desertification in the region. The study showed the high rate of evaporation throughout the year. The study also highlighted the role of the human factor of overgrazing, logging and land use for hiking or planting which played a large role in the expansion of desertification, Through the climatic data, drought indicators were determined by using numerical equations which proved that the AL-Ayyana area is within the dry desert range. The study also showed low vegetation based on spatial data.

The aim of this study is to employ CA-MARCOV as an advanced tool for predicting the state of land cover in Maysan Governorate until 2023 as a sophisticated tool representing the integration of GIS and remote sensing. To predict the state of land cover and land use in Maysan Governorate.
The study found that the land cover and land use categories in the study area have a certain consistency with the current conditions, as is the case of the landless land type, which recorded (0.4997) for the possibility of moving it at the expense of agricultural land. This is a big problem that requires serious pause in investing vast areas And support the agricultural sector through the development of appropriate plans for investment of agriculture, development and support by the state, and encourage farmers to engage in agriculture to prevent the transformation of a large part of the agricultural land in the province of Maysan to Desertified land during the next 16 years Year 2032.
• Research from the doctoral dissertation of the first researcher.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of two methods of feedback in the development of self-confidence for the fifth grade students in the history. The sample of the study consisted of (78) students from the research community in the preparatory schools for the academic year 2016-2017 (26) The female students rewarded the researcher with the variables (previous knowledge test, IQ test, grades, date of the previous year)
The researcher formulated (100) a behavioral goal based on the general objectives and content of the subjects of history to be studied in the experiment
The researcher prepared a measure of self-confidence consisting of (32) paragraphs and after conducting statistical analyzes applied the scale after the end of the experiment
The researcher used statistical means (eg, analysis of mono-variance, equation of difficulty and differentiation of the paragraph, Pearson correlation coefficient)
Search results showed to
*The experimental group used (feedback) exceeded the experimental group used (written feedback)
*The two groups are superior to the control group
In the light of the results, the researcher came out with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions for future research

This research aims at identifying the level Stress of School and the level Psychological Reactance Among Primary school pupils, in addition to identifying the significance according to gender ( male – female ) as well as correlation between two variables, to achieve this, the research constructed a scale of Stress of School which consists of (22) items, and constructed a scale of Psychological Reactance which consists of (21) items, the psychometric of characteristics of these items have been confirmed and the two instruments are applied on a sample of (100) male and female pupil which are chosen randomly from three Primary schools. for the academic year 2017-2018 .
Results of the research :-
1. the Primary school pupils do have Stress of School
2. there are statistical significance between the (male and female) in the Stress of School, in favor of male
3. the Primary school pupils do not have Psychological Reactance.
4. there are non-statistical significance between the (male and female) in the Psychological Reactance.
5. statistical analytic results show that there is no correlation significant between Stress of School and Psychological Reactance according to the sample as a whole .

The study aimed at identifying the level of school bullying among students at the ages of 12, 14 and 16 years. Significant differences are defined in school bullying according to the variables of age and gender. and identifying the level of scholastic Adjustment for bullying students. Is there relationship between bullying and scholastic Adjustment?, The study was conducted on a sample of (270) male and female (135) males and (135) females of the Hurriya and Kadhimiya and Chaljiya City, the measure of bullying was prepared by Al Subiheen and Al Qudaat(2013) and the measure of compatibility of the study prepared by the researcher, and found that the behavior of bullying students As age increases, And that the level of bullying school male students is higher than that of female students, and the low level of scholastic Adjustment for students in the bullying, and the existence of a relationship of statistical significance between school bullying and scholastic Adjustment, and in light of the results of the study recommended a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Self-organized learning is an active construction process through which creative skills can be developed among the students of the various stages. It helps to train them to formulate ideas and express feelings well through self-planning and to strengthen the creative effort to achieve personal standards and quality. The mission in the student's life as it is believed to be a return to the scientific life which is a different stage of the previous educational stages in terms of teaching methods and the number of subjects and the intensity and awareness of the student at this stage depends on the student more himself in the selection of strategies Appropriate with the nature of the new materials for the subjects that need different learning strategies compared to the methods that the student followed in the previous stages of university learning, he chooses on the basis of knowledge of his abilities and potential and internal desire that drives him to achieve a certain level of achievement aspires, and that the student failed to choose The result is a scholastic achievement that may not reflect the abilities and aspirations of the student So your current search has targeted to identify:
1- self - organized learning among students of the Faculty of Basic Education.
2-the significance of differences in self - organized learning among students of the Faculty of Basic Education according to gender variable (male / female)
3-the significance of differences in self - organized learning among students of the Faculty of Basic Education according to the variable specialization (scientific / human).
In order to achieve the objectives of the researcher adopted the self-regulation of learning, which was prepared by Purdie and the surgeon (2010) for the Arab environment, where the researcher found that the measure is appropriate in the way of formulation of its paragraphs and gradation and sample current research and after and after verification of the cytometric properties of the scale of honesty of The stability of the scale was achieved in two ways: the re-testing of the coefficient of total stability (0.86), the extraction of the alpha-kronbach coefficient and (0) , 88) are good stability coefficients, It was extracted Ktoalmaaara of the scale reached (2.26) to re-test and (2.08) was applied to Alvakronbach scale on the research sample consisting of (200) students from the College of Basic Education and the results were as follows:
1-Self-organized learning is available to students of the Faculty of Basic Education.
2-There are statistically significant differences in self - organized learning among the students of the Basic Education College according to the gender variable (male / female).
3-There are differences of statistical significance in the self - organized learning among students of the Faculty of Basic Education according to the variable specialization (scientific / anatomical).
The researcher came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Naming is an anthropological linguistic act in history of the human , because the structural poem is a major motive in many patterns of human action, all linguistic groups have not performed their names only described as an intended pattern to perform moral and sensory impact events in the social environment surrounding them, and avoiding to be influenced by their hidden powers that cause evil as well as other motives and points , Iraqi ancients and tellers have practiced the human naming according to their own cultural structure, but it may have a convergence with the cultural structures of other human linguistic groups in different parts of the world.
In an anthropological linguistic perspective, this research attempts to provide a linguistic anthropological perspective to explore some facts in the act of naming Iraq and the cultural structures that produce its credibility in life of the inhabitants of the Arab region of Iraq on different ethnic origins according to their according to their old era, Sumerian, Babylonian, New, Royal and Republican.

What were left by the ancestors to the successors of proverbs are evoke nothing but admiring and invite to be respected and esteemed and we worked in our present research to analyze what we select of them a social analysis where we reached to that despite of their oldness but they carry in their bents cultural references of great importance and on this base they might be depended as good work guide in life. That what motivated us to conduct this paper, for which we chose among the thousands of Baghdad, proverbs which we read and studied, to analyze them socially in the collective meaning to show for the reader the cultural references of these proverbs i.e our ancestors wisdom who were characterized in many side of thinking , for the deep insight, the originality of the inference, and the correct judgment and our choosing for these proverbs were in accordance to a plan that tackle the most important thing connected to people in their social relation with each other in a way to make it work guide in the life and make life brave able for them.

Aim of the study for the role of leading women in forming society Through the assumption of some administrative positions in state institutions, And their ability to change these institutions, The researcher chose Diyala University as an educational institution that contributes to the formation of society, The aim of the study was to identify the most important characteristics of women leaders through the distribution of a questionnaire that was designed to identify the variables of the study and to address them statistically.
The results of search:
1- The existence of a positive effect in terms of statistical characteristics of women leadership and impact on the formation of society.
2- The existence of a positive effect in terms of statistical skills of women leadership and impact on the formation of society.
3- The Iraqi woman has ability in leading administrative positions .

This study is important because of the importance of its subject and the urgent need for it under the objective and subjective conditions experienced by the Iraqi economy, and by focusing on clarifying the role of investment spending in the field of media in achieving economic development rates and service of national development, highlighting the volume of media investment flows in the developed world And the review of its positive and negative effects on the Iraqi economy and the mechanisms of its application.
The study is based on the analytical descriptive approach from the public to the private, through the transition from the review of international media investment models based on the published statistics and available scientific sources, to achieve the objectives of the study which seeks to:
Understanding the problems of the media economic structure in Iraq and their impact on investment in the media bottom, and how to activate them in the service of national development in Iraq
The study reached:
• The study confirms that there are no limits to the economy of size related to the new economy in the digital media sectors, as the transmission of information material cost nothing, and all the burdens and costs are spent before production, and then it is fixed and additional production to give the company or institution nothing. The product increased the absorption of fixed costs, and the more sales the company reduced the selling prices and then increase sales, profits are realized and there is no cost.
• Existing media companies in Iraq can enhance their online activities to become the main source of new Internet venture capital, with the aim of placing them in the most advantageous position of the Internet while increasing the economic return from additional production because they are intangible assets that are not depreciated by consumption and can be reproduced at low marginal cost. Closer to zero, which makes the company able to achieve the so-called pure profit or pure benefit and then increase the competition between the commercial media to obtain the technological advantages in order to expand the markets more and achieve a lot of Profits, which in turn reflected on the Iraqi economy successfully.
• The participation of foreign investors in local digital businesses can accelerate their growth, but the development of the digital sector often means supporting local enterprise development rather than encouraging the investment of multinational enterprises.
• Foreign investment in the digital media sector is generally a major tool for the transfer of modern technology to Iraq by providing a complete package of systems, methods of planning, organization, production, marketing and know-how, as well as training of local workers on new skills and knowledge.
• Foreign investment in the digital media sector is able to provide a reserve of foreign exchange needed for the economic development process, as well as its positive impact on the economy and trade of the Iraqi state, and reduce unemployment by employing manpower in the projects being established.
• The foreign capital invested in this sector to rehabilitate and build basic structures and basic services, which in turn reflected on the level of economic performance and expansion of production capacity and to meet the needs of the population and raise the standard of living.
• Provide the necessary details on investment needs in the infrastructure needed to estimate investment costs, achieve policy development and prioritization objectives, and guide cost-effective measures based on accurate data of current coverage and determinants of impact on investment costs, such as population density and urbanization, Discuss policies that will lead to investment in Internet infrastructure.
The study sees:
• The need for a clear vision of investment policies in the strategies of developing the infrastructure of the digital media sector, with the need to pay attention to increase investment in the modernization of technology necessary to provide communication to achieve the goals of sustainable development.
• Focus on investment in local digital content and services to increase demand. This should include stimulating investment in local enterprise development by establishing and maintaining an appropriate regulatory framework for digital companies and taking active support measures, including the establishment of technology and innovation centers, Support innovative financing approaches and develop skills-building programs.
• Develop sufficient payment platforms to enhance investment so that developers can monetize their innovations by having a financial platform where buyers or advertisers can complete payment procedures and enable developers to receive those payments.
• Provide international investors with the opportunity to be critical sources of funds to help establish and develop local digital companies, overcome obstacles to investment operations, and take advantage of the collective funding mechanisms provided by the digital economy and support many projects such as specialized venture capital funds and international digital companies investing in Developing local digital companies in developing countries.

The researched discussed in its topc :Characteristics of performance in monodrama an applied study about the Iraqi theatrical experience where it presented in its problem two important question wicg are Is the monodrama play a play of a singlewvent a single actor or single character and what are the elements which participate with the actor in the show in order to be an objective equivalent to the absence of other characters and other actors ?
In order to respond to thes tow question the reseaech dealt in chapter tow two subjects the first is monodrama – emergence and evolution while the second subject hs monodrama in Iraqi theaqtre actors performance the theoretical scope resulted in (7) seven indications which was applied to a spwcimen chosen by the two reserchers from the research community which was 14 fourteen theatrical show presented on Iraqs theatres which bwlong to the ministry of the find arts college and theatres of the fine arts institute for the period between the written literature text
The poem specimen eddi Eurydice for the writer bedru blog which was acted and directed by : raad alnashi: was chosen it was presented in the basement of the rotating theatre for reason which gave been discussed in the research and were discussed in (10) ten points in addition to (4) four conclusions and (4) four recommendations to the two research presented (5) five recommendations . the research was conecluded wihe the list of source bibi
Liography) which reached (2) twenty sources .

Ibn Barry has considered as one of the first linguistics corrector who took care of purifying about what had published of state books that call kings in the side of correcting mistakes .
The research had contained Ibn Barry who depended on transferring wordsof the famous book (Ghalat Al-Thuafaa from Jurists) to choose words that linguists ,scientists signed towards them in an introduction . After searching in words , Ibn Barry clarified what had taken and transferred from jurists by Hadith narrators who did not know the problems that faced them , specially after entrance Arabs into Islam . it is clearly to use wards of Ibn Barry to take care of them and criticized them , Dr. Ramadan had mentioned them to depend on 3 books in transferring which are :
(Lahan Al-Awan) of Ibn Baker Al-Zubaidy ,Tathqeef Al-Lessan wa Talqeeh Al-Jenan of Ibn Maki Al-Masqalawy and Durrat Al-Ghawas fee Awham Al-Khawas of Al-hariry.
Ibn Barry depended on transferring of Al-Sagly for clarifying wards numbers , this dose not mean that Ibn Barry agree with Ibn Makky in transferring ,but he may in different with other of this point .
It is clear that Ibn Barry cited from previous scientists in criticizing the word (Al-Bedaya-beginning )as A-Asmaie and Ibn Ziad Al-Ansary did, in addition to what we had seen about scientsts did, who participated in criticizing some of their works . He was enough in mentioning mistakes & corrections and leave what the specialist in language towards the reader in criticizing some words as (Al-Baaoth)(Al-Nasoor)(Maythaa)(Maslaat).
Mistakes of Ibn Barry in choosing words are similar started from Al-Kessaiy period until to Ibn Barry because of Arab commitment with what comprehension .
This is an ancient problem with modern effect in using mistakes that scientists tried to correct them from previous .

There is no doubt that the solid waste is the main sources of pollution in the cities because of the environmental problems and direct impact on the public health of the city's population as well as the negative impact on the beauty of cities, and because the generation of solid waste is a continuous process so the task of disposal and treatment is one of the urgent tasks that require urgent Heavy efforts and huge costs.
It is no secret that the problem of solid waste pollution is limited to developing countries because developed countries have made great strides in the process of collection and treatment and used the mechanisms of sustainable development until these wastes are used as raw materials in industry.
This research aims to shed light on solid waste disposal services in the city of Hit, which suffers from the problem of inefficiency, both in terms of collection and transport or methods of disposal of these wastes, and to try to provide appropriate policies to achieve sustainable development of this service.
The researchers concluded that the city suffers from a deficit in waste disposal services, collection, transport and treatment, and the possibility of adopting appropriate policies that can achieve sustainable development in the disposal and use of waste in energy production.