Journal of Education for Humanities

This research aims to identify the importance of e-learning in university education, and the interest in information and communication technology and its role in educational institutions, especially university education. Higher educational institutions have adopted the use of technology in transferring the communication process of scientific information, and many new concepts have emerged in the educational process. These concepts include: e-learning, education via the Internet, the electronic office, the virtual university, synchronous education, asynchronous education, and other electronic media that help the student in the place he wants to learn and at the time he wants.

There is no doubt that the phenomenon of commitment is one of the most distinctive phenomena in Arabic literature. which was characterized by literary production in general, and poetic production in particular, It is no secret to anyone that this phenomenon requires redoubled effort. As it is based on two approaches, or two axes The first is represented by the process of extrapolating ancient poetic texts that include it as the subject of the study, and the second is represented by the stage of documentation and analysis of the poetic text according to what is required by reading mechanisms and interpretation methods. One of the main reasons for our study of this phenomenon is the multiplicity of cultures and components in the society that the poet lived in. This, in turn, worked on shaping and creating poetic building blocks of extreme magic and sweetness. The research was divided into two sections, the first section included religious commitment, while the second section was about social commitment. The research reached a simple and clear set of results that we demonstrated in the conclusion of the research.

The land problem is one of the most important problems that the Ottoman Empire faced during its control of Iraq, due to tribal and clan conflicts over land. Each tribe tries to control larger areas to seize them. And this created a problem for the Ottoman authorities, and the matter sometimes escalated to rebellion against the authorities, and failure to implement its orders, especially in central and southern Iraq, considering that these lands are fertile lands suitable for agriculture, and the situation remained this way until the Ottoman authorities sought the help of the reformer Midhat pasha, who developed a for the purpose of bypassing the seizure of land and limiting the recurring conflicts and disputes.
In this research, we tried to shed light on the most important things that Midhat pasha did in distributing land to farmers in different shares. Was he successful in this reform? What were the consequences that he facet? What was the fate of the lands remainingoutside the distribution? What are the most important names fromwhich some properties are referred?

This study aims at recognizing the effect of using a some principles of trize\\'s theory in answering mathematical questions and academic achievement of second grade students. The researcher used the experimental method in his study, the researcher selected a sample of (59) second grade students in the secondary school of Al-Hma\\'m for girls , which is located in the district of Khalis / Diyala province and divided into two groups. The experimental group was randomly selected , which consisted of (25) students, who were taught according to the using a some principles of trize\\'s theory and a control group of (34) students, who were taught according to the usual method. The researcher prepared an achievement test and another test in the skills of solving mathematical problems. The researcher then verified the reliability and stability of the two tests using the appropriate statistical means, and after the application of the tests on the sample of research and analysis of data, the researcher found that there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the two experimental groups that studied the material according to the principles and the control group that studied the material according to the traditional method in the achievement tests and the skills of solving certain mathematical problems and was in favor of the experimental group. The researcher recommended the need to use the principles of trize\\'s theory in teaching mathematics in intermediate schools.

The research study (a look at the social problem from a jurisprudential perspective, honor killing as a model) revolves around the crime of intentional murder or self-assault by killing, under the pretext of defending and protecting honor, due to the misconception prevailing in many Eastern societies that these crimes are linked to religion and derive protection from it. But the truth is that it is linked to ancient social concepts that have nothing to do with religion, and this study proves that these crimes of all kinds have nothing to do with religion. Rather, Islamic jurisprudence increases the punishment for them because of the injustice they involve and the violation of the state’s institutions and its prestige.Now the Islamic state is a state of integrated and independent institutions, and its laws are derived from the tolerant Islamic Sharia. The Islamic religion does not givKeywordse the individual the authority to issue judicial rulings or implement them on his own, away from the state and its authority. Rather, honor is protected by activating the provisions of the Sharia that protect honor through the institutions of the Islamic state that are based on Ethics and staying away from false rumours, distraction, and Islamic and psychological warfare

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Master Muhammad, his family and companions.
As for what follows, the issue of women and the media has been one of the most prominent issues that have occupied researchers, politicians and advocates of women's rights in the Arab world over the past few decades, in light of the results produced by successive studies that revealed the negative psychological, social, political and cultural dimensions of the image of women circulated by print, audio and visual media, and recently interactive media. Although this issue is in itself a global issue that has represented a major concern for many societies around the world, its manifestations in the Arab region have taken on dangerous dimensions in light of what national, regional and international media in this part of the world are doing to distort the image of women, and present it negatively on the pages of newspapers, magazines, television screens, and recently on the pages of the International Information Network (the Internet). This coincided with what is imposed by labor issues, as women’s work today, due to living and economic developments, has become an urgent necessity to contribute to creating a decent life for hundreds of millions of families around the world, with a reality that imposes on us to think seriously about how to find legal frameworks and formulas, human standards and legislative controls that guarantee working women a decent life and a work environment far from the violations and discrimination that they may be exposed to. Women have become engineers, teachers, doctors, and other jobs that were for a long time the preserve of men. This research entitled: ((Obstacles to the media’s treatment of the issue of Muslim women from a missionary perspective)) seeks to monitor the negative image of Muslim women in the media, leading to the formulation of a strategy on the role of the media in strengthening the status of women in Islamic society towards more measures to advance women’s work and achieve equality in work, while stating the most important obstacles facing Muslim women in the modern era to hide their effective role in decision-making.

The research focuses on the study and verification of "Commentary on the Introduction to Al-Misbah's Explanation for Some Difficult Points" by Haji Baba bin Ibrahim Al-Tuswi, a scholar of the 9th century A. H. The researchers have divided the study into two parts:
Study Section: It includes two topics:
First Topic: Introduction to the commentator (Haji Baba Al-Tuswi) and his grammatical approach.
Second Topic: Study of the manuscript and the researcher’s methodology.
Verification Section: This includes the verified text, the conclusion, and the research findings. The researchers followed established verification rules in analyzing, explaining, and documenting the text.

The study showed that natural characteristics (geological structure, climate, and soil) have an impact on the management and distribution of groundwater, and determine its quantity and trends. Therefore, the wells dug in the study area were divided based on their depth into shallow groundwater wells (1 m - 20 m), and medium ground wells (21 m - 50 m). And deep underground wells (50 m - 150 m), where the number of public utility wells reached (1321) in varying proportions throughout the administrative units in Diyala Governorate, and the number of wells allocated to the agricultural sector and dug by the Ground Water Authority, Diyala Branch, reached (533) wells, reaching in Canaan District (143) wells, representing (26.8%) of the total wells dug throughout Diyala Governorate, and the wells dug by the private sector amounted to (9,032) wells. Al-Muqdadiya District contributed to digging (2,046) wells, representing (22.7%). The study also demonstrated the ongoing need Water and calls for developing plans to manage groundwater sources through cooperation with the Ground Water Authority, Diyala Branch, and digging wells in areas with a new water quality.
The climate of the research area has received a share of the change that is taking place in the global climate in general and the climate change of Iraq in particular, as the amount of change in maximum and minimum temperature and wind speed has trended towards the positive direction in all months of the year, and relative humidity and rain have trended towards decrease in all months of the year as well. This had a clear impact on changing the qualitative and quantitative properties of groundwater.

Food security is considered one of the most essential pillars for achieving national security, along with other key elements such as water security, political security, and cultural security. While the concept of national security refers to the actions taken by a state to maintain its sovereignty and stability, food security refers to the efforts made by a state to ensure that members of society have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life based on the concept of food security.
The importance of achieving Iraqi food security lies in:
1- Providing a healthy and safe life for individuals is crucial.
2- Ensuring social stability.
3- Achieving security and peace.
Moreover, there is a strong relationship between food security and sustainable development. Sustainable development refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. Sustainable development is a process of change that aims to balance economic and social goals with environmental management, all while considering the needs of future generations.
Thus, food security means ensuring adequate and safe food to meet needs while sustainable agricultural development ensures the continuity of food production and contributes to well-being.
Based on the above, this study will explore the role of strategic crops in achieving Iraqi food security and its implications for sustainable development, using (yellow corn as a case study). These strategic crops play a fundamental role in ensuring Iraq’s food security.

The Palestinian issue is considered the most important topic for Arab Muslims, and when presenting the historical roots of the Palestinian issue, it becomes clear to us the great role of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in fighting the immigration of Jews to Palestine, as he was given the title (the Sultan who lost his throne for the sake of Palestine), and the truth is that we must know that the arrival Sultan Abdul Hamid II came to power during a very sensitive period in the history of the Ottoman Empire, which was full of volatility and weakness. Where corruption spread and spread in the joints of the state and in every corner of it, and amidst increasing colonial ambitions in all directions, yet Sultan Abdul Hamid II stood before the ambitions of the Zionist movement with the aim of immigrating and owning lands in Palestine during his rule. Palestine was receiving the attention of the Sultan, and since his arrival Because of the growing ambitions of Zionism and colonialism, which sought to form a national homeland for itself in Palestine, the Sultan sought, by issuing legislation and administrative and political laws, to prevent the realization of those plans, which prevented the colonists from achieving their goals. We must record that the Sultan stood in the face of the temptations he presented. Ambassadors, representatives and consuls of colonial countries in order to push him to allow the opening of Jewish immigration to Palestine; But the Sultan remained steadfast in his refusal to give up any part of Palestine despite the corruption his country was suffering from within the state circles due to the machinations of the colonial consuls, and the Jews cooperated with the Society of Union and Progress to remove Sultan Abdul Hamid from his throne and exile him, and they succeeded in that, but the Arab memory will not forget the situation. The history of the Sultan in defending Palestine.

The research aims to identify:-
1-Obstacles to creativity among holders of higher degrees in fine arts institutes
.2- There are differences in obstacles to creativity according to the gender variable (males - females).
To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire of obstacles to creativity was constructed It consisted of (50) items that were answered by choosing one of the five alternatives (always - often - sometimes - rarely – never), The research sample consisted of (50) male and female teachers who hold advanced degrees in fine arts institutes in the city of Baqubah.
After analyzing the data and processing it statistically using a one-sample t-test and analysis of variance, the researcher reached the following results:-
- 1-The degree of obstacles to creativity among members of the study sample was high in the areas of (working conditions - incentives - and the administrative environment prevailing at the institute), While it was average in the areas (social and cultural environment - and personal factors).
2- There are no statistically significant differences attributed to the gender variable on obstacles to creativity in all areas of obstacles (Work conditions - the social and cultural environment - the prevailing administrative environment in the institute - incentives - personal factors).
In light of the research results, the researcher came to many recommendations and proposals, including:-
- Providing male and female teachers who hold advanced degrees in fine arts institutes With the latest research and studies in the educational arena on improving the educational process in a way that helps in developing their creativity.

Anyone who examines the titles of poets will find them diverse and varied. Some poets were given nicknames due to a specific verse of poetry said about them, such as "Al-Hadrra," "Al-As'r," and "Al-Doubl," or perhaps because of words they uttered that became famous and stuck with them, becoming titles they were known by and accepted, such as "Al-Ba'ith Al-Akhdr" and "Al-Samit." Some titles were given due to a physical disability, such as "Al-A'mash," or due to a physical trait like "Al-'Attahiya," "Al-Ash'ath," and "Al-Hajar." Some titles imply disdain or convey contempt, such as "Al-Huti'ah" and "Ibn Al-Atan," while others signify respect and admiration, like "Dhi Al-Bayanain." Additionally, some titles reflect the poet's profession or craft, like "Al-Thaalibi" and "Al-Khubz Arzi," or are based on an amusing event that happened to the poet, such as "Su'ūr Al-Dhi'b" and "Shahwat."
The study aimed to explore the poets' nicknames, their forms, meanings, and the hidden symbols behind these terms within the context of the semiotic approach, relying on the book *Dictionary of Poets' Nicknames* by Dr. Sami Maki Al-Ani. The study did not go beyond what Dr. Al-Ani presented in his book, as it contains sufficient examples to represent the forms and meanings of poets' nicknames. It focused on mentioning the nickname and its meaning, referring to its location in the *Dictionary of Poets' Nicknames*, so as not to confuse the reader, as the book alone provides enough material without needing additional sources.
The research is divided into an introduction, three main sections, and a conclusion:
*Section 1*: Semiotics and Nicknames
*Section 2*: Nicknames (Their Forms, Types, and Functions)
*Section 3*: Psychological and Social Motivations in the Selection of Poets' Nicknames (The Relationship Between the Nickname and the Poet)
The nicknames given to poets reflect the prevailing culture in society, and the forms and meanings of these nicknames varied. They were not confined to a specific group but diversified according to the tastes and inclinations of the people.

The stories of wars are regarded as real embodiment for a human situation, which is somehow difficult in all places and all times. Most of these stories are talking about the ruinous wars, which encourage me to entitle my research as " The places of death in the stories of the wars" Those were published and issued in "Iraqeoon newspaper". The stories are various in the fronts of wars on the fronts of wars on the boundaries and the city itself in all its towns and villages in addition to some historical areas which were already mentioned by some story – tellers. Finally, I made in this research an introduction which shows the role of the newspaper in presenting a cultural page to receive some literary texts for the artists of Mosul. I made also an end which shows the culture of war and the effect of wars on those people and I made a distinction between the culture of war and the culture of peace which are totally different.

The search in space in the poetry of Al-Hutay\'ah, and Al-Hutay\'ah, was for each section, and we have confirmed through the research the purpose that you set. Many anticipating signs and symptoms, such as signs of character and standing on ruins, spinning, praise and satire, and we also divided the natural, the natural time, and the narrative shortness represented by anticipation.

The Current Research Aims ,This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of educational corners in developing social behavior among kindergarten children and the impact of gender on social development. The research sample consisted of 120 boys and girls, purposefully selected from 11 public kindergartens in Mosul. The sample included 60 children from each type of kindergarten (those with educational corners and regular kindergartens), evenly distributed between boys and girls.
A data collection form (a field survey to identify kindergartens with educational corners and regular kindergartens) was prepared. Additionally, the figure-based section of the Torrance Test for Social Development was applied. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using two-way analysis of variance, leading to the following results:
1 -There were statistically significant differences at the level of (α ≤ 0.01) between the mean scores of children enrolled in kindergartens with educational corners and those in regular kindergartens in social development components, favoring the children in kindergartens with educational corners.
2-.here were no statistically significant differences at the level of (α ≤ 0.01) between boys and girls in social development components attributable to gender.
3-. There was no statistically significant interaction between the kindergarten type and gender in their impact on social development.

Study aims at showing degree of awareness of mothers for potential hazards of using smart phones by children aging (4-6 years) in center of Nineveh governorate. This awareness is based on many variables (number of children, their ages, mothers’ careers, numbers of hours of using phone, possession of smart phone). Researcher adopted analytical descriptive approach. Society consisted of all mothers in Nineveh’s governorate. Sample was (117) chosen randomly. Researcher adopted tool of (Bassim and Abdulrahman 2017) of (23) items on five aspects: social, psychological, health, behavioural, censorship and following up content). Results showed smart phones scored negatively in all aspects Censorship and following up content came first, followed by behavioural and so on so forth. All items scored either severe or moderate means based on potential means except one statement in the field of censorship and following up content that scored mild means Researcher recommends to lessen the use of smart phones by children , determine hours of usage , trigger child’s attention with useful activities rather than smart phones to develop his practical abilities

Ancient and modern scholars have agreed on the importance of the Qur’anic text as one of the most eloquent and rhetorical texts due to its characteristics, the beauty of which lies in the method of organization, the style of arrangement, and the mechanism of imagery. On the one hand, there is precision in the use of words and structure, and on the other hand, the emotional values filled with suggestive energies latent in its words. Hence, the Qur’anic text became the focus of poets’ attention, as they were influenced and satisfacted by it because its features were clear and evident at the level of wording, structure, and imagery. But it’s totally disagreed with their claim that they were composing a Qur’an. So, the Qur’anic invocation came as a mirror reflecting that influence in their poetic achievement.
Aatika Al-Khazraji is one of the poets who were influenced by the Holy Quran, as it constitutes a primary source of her poetic formation, and a fresh-spring from which she draws her poetic images. Because she is a descendant of a religious family, she sought the beauty of the Qur’anic text in terms of structure, method of composition, and imagery. So, the Qur’anic influence formed a clear feature in her poetry.
The study material required that the research plan be as follows:
- Introduction: The nature of the poetic text - the origins of the concept.
- The first section: The intertextuality of the Qur’anic word, which is of two types:
First / Direct verbal intertextuality.
Second / Indirect verbal intertextuality.
- The second section: The intertextuality of the Qur’anic image and the conclusion.

Renewable energy plays a vital and indispensable role in our contemporary world, as it is considered one of the most important and reliable alternatives in the midst of the increasing consequences of damage resulting from fossil energy represented by oil, coal and gas. Its importance has become clear from its close connection to sustainable development, and therefore the global trend has become towards developing new strategies, based on turning to the production and consumption of renewable sources of energy, especially wind, solar and water energy as a complementary source to traditional energy sources. Non-renewable at the present time and the near future and as an alternative source in the distant future. Energy is the main pillar of economic development and its production and consumption are among the main indicators to describe the size of the state’s economy. Iraq is one of the countries that strives to devote the principle of environmental preservation and sustainable development, to advance its economy by adopting an energy policy that is based on finding actual alternative elements that achieve this, and this is in order to preserve its resources. Exhausted petroleum, exploiting and managing it with high efficiency and for the purpose of supporting the process of sustainable development. The research seeks to open the horizons of the development of renewable resources in Iraq and the possibility of using them to support sustainable development and the state’s general budget. The research aims to know the sources of renewable energy in Iraq and invest them in various economic sectors to achieve the goals of sustainable development. The study showed the importance of a number of planned, environmentally friendly renewable energy sources in Iraq To be an important and successful source in the national energy mix (100%) by 2030, and from multiple resources, including solar energy, hydroelectricity, wind, and biomass.

This is a modern, analytical and Critical Study of the impact of an honorable prophet, who showed us some of the virtues of our noble Prophet, and the beauty of his qualities that Allah Almighty endowed him with, moral and ethical, and what prompted me to study this prophetic matter; that some people have exaggerated the Prophet's person, and attributed to him things that have not been proven. The curriculum of the study was analytical and critical; by following the steps of the analytical study, and implementing the modern criticism of what is stated in its folds. The study has shown results, the most prominent of which are: first: the weakness of the narrator is not necessary for the weakness of the novel. Secondly, the statements of one imam in one narrator may be contradicted and amended, but the adopted one is what the imams and critics have settled on. Third: to show what the Prophet was of high creation in his dealings even with the boys.

This research is a study of the terms "meter" and "rhyme" according to critics and philosophers. The study aimed to identify points of difference and similarity among the critics themselves, then compare these similarities and differences with those of the philosophers. It also sought to clarify the characteristics and features that both critics and philosophers used to define the terms "meter" and "rhyme." Additionally, the research explained why critics differ in giving importance to meter over rhyme or vice versa, as well as why philosophers tend to disregard rhyme and other related topics, as will be detailed in the study.

Realization in this research is to reveal the use of the cinematic shot technique in contemporary Iraqi poetry, which was used by poetry in the battle of its ambition to have its poem become an image printed in the memory, considering that the texts that have the most influence on the recipient are those that bear in the gifts of snapshots embodying the visual image. The study dealt with after the contribution In two types of movement construction and its distance, each shot observed a group of diverse sections, and this was followed by their own findings that the study reached, and a list in cooperation with the cases. I searched for an aesthetic in his analysis of texts looking for elements of beauty in poetic images to develop the use of this technique.

Ali bin Abi Talib(peace be upon him) the caravan in wars, the eloquent pulled in the discourse and its eloquence, the material world and the glory of the deception, and the preservation of the prestige of the true Islam that the beloved Mustafa (may God bless him and his family and peace) called for, so it was one of the miracles of the Muhammadiyah message, as it is the same as Muslims and non -Muslims in the creation, religion and knowledge, so these things and others are nothing but the tip of Ali (peace be upon him) Accordingly, this is a free divine miracle by standing with it and making attempts to make him easy from the worlds of his knowledge, and sailing in his abundant wisdom, and for this, this research paper is an attempt and a sacrifice to extrapolate literary critical thought of the Commander of the Faithful and explain his pioneering role in enriching the Arab critical lesson; This is according to what the process of combining the texts in this field was converted to and was placed in two part A high literary taste in its followers of the suffering of the poetic issue, and its call to the nobility of the emotional and cognitive purpose in poetry.

Since literature is a mirror of peoples, it reflects their activities and social, economic, and political struggles, as well as their joys and pleasures. The poet is a product of his environment, conveying what he sees and hears. Therefore, the research addressed the humorous aspect of society. I chose the title "Anecdote in Mamluk Poetry." Some might ask, "Why the Mamluk era and not others?" The answer is that my doctoral studies are in Mamluk poetry.
Poets resorted to anecdote in their poems to express suffering, distress, and poverty. They sought to relieve boredom and weariness from the burdens and hardships of daily life caused by poverty and destitution under the tyranny of the occupier. Anecdote may also arise from leisure and a penchant for amusement. I followed the poets of this era and selected those that I found enjoyable and humorous, bringing a smile to the recipient's face

The research contains an introduction and a Quranic verse, regarding the subject, one and consists of two sections. The first section: Definition of the first requirement, dignity, linguistically and technically, and its concept, where dignity was defined and its meaning was found in the Holy Quran, and the manifestations of honor, the mind, the physical composition, the prostration of angels to man, the caliphate on earth, the subjugation of what is in the universe to man, and the second requirement, the proof of dignity in the Quran and Sunnah and the reality there are Quranic verses that show the dignity of man, and noble prophetic hadiths, and the second section, the interpretive differences in verse 70 of Surat Al-Isra. As for the first requirement, its interpretation among the Imami Shiites, and the second requirement, its interpretation among the Sunnis, and the third requirement, the difference between the interpretation of Zubdat Al-Maasher Al-Kashani and the interpretation of Ruh Al-Maani Al-Alusi, and the result of the research was a match between some Shiite and Sunni interpretations, and praise be to God, and God is the Grantor of success.

The aim of the research is to identify professional maturity and decision-making, and what is the relationship between them among educational lecturers. For the purpose of verifying this, the researcher built a professional maturity scale consisting of (31) items, and he adopted the decision-making scale of (Solow 1996), and the scale consisted of (26) items. After verifying the psychometric properties of the two research tools according to the research sample of (200) educational lecturers, they were selected by random stratification
The results showed that educational lecturers enjoy professional maturity, and that educational lecturers’ possession of professional maturity is of great importance, as the element of professional maturity is a basic requirement in school work, and the nature of the lecturer’s personality and the matters assigned to them require an emotional understanding of the situations they face, in addition to their educational requirements. And psychological. The results also showed that there is a correlation between the two variables. The higher the educational lecturer’s ability to attain professional maturity, the higher his ability to make decisions free of fear and anxiety. This indicates that the relationship is positive (direct) between the two variables, and this result is consistent with the research through the theoretical framework. Both professional maturity and problem solving share an emotional and cognitive atmosphere.Based on the results of the current research, some future recommendations and proposals have been reached.

Through our review of the poetic texts on the topic of "The Anxiety of Old Age in Classical Arabic Poetry," it became clear to us that the circumstances surrounding the elderly poets led to psychological anxiety and inner conflict, with old age being its source. This was marked by weakness, frailty, complaints, and a sense of loss due to changes in the body and the color of their hair. There was no longer vitality in their appearance, no sweetness in their physique, nor peace in their minds. Their spirits were broken, and their will was shattered, in addition to their diminishing presence due to a lack of appreciation and the loss of interaction with those they had once been connected to. This drove them to express their internal suffering in an impactful language, attempting to grasp their lost rewards due to the manipulation of fate and the changes brought by time. It is a call to reconsider those who ignored this complaint, delayed offering assistance, or became devoid of humanity. Thus, their poetic messages carried the full implications of reminding others of past moments and activities from a time when they enjoyed the bloom of youth, vitality, and their prowess in repelling adversaries, alongside their ability to continue life without relying on others.

The study aims to investigate the effect of a training program based on the rational-emotive approach on enhancing social trust among middle school students. To achieve the objectives of this research, the experimental method was adopted to test the research hypotheses. The research sample consisted of 20 students who scored the lowest on the Social Trust Scale. These students were selected from Al-Kindi Intermediate School for Boys located in the center of Al-Kut City, Wasit Governorate. They were randomly assigned to two equal groups. The prepared program, which followed the rational-emotive approach, was applied to the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any training. The training program consisted of 12 sessions, which were reviewed and approved by a panel of experts in the field. For statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, and Wilcoxon test were used. The study reached one of its key findings: there were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental and control groups in the post-test. In light of the findings, the researcher presented a number of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

Contextual semantic diversity in poetry is the expressive capabilities that form shared concepts between the poet and the audience to interpret the verbal event that comes to the mind of the recipient, thus creating a controversy based on the relationship of influence and influence to complete the process of communication required of the text. Hence comes the importance of studying semantic diversity in poetry, which gives a great deal of space to the poet. In creating contextual semantic diversity in his poems.
Choosing Fares Al-Rahawi’s poetry answers all the questions that come to our minds about the nature of poetry at this stage and the current circumstances affecting it, and whether poetry gives rise to a special language in which its meanings crystallize mutually between ideas, emotion, and emotion to form the text at all its linguistic levels of phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and semantic.
Our study attempts to create bridges between emerging recipients and understanding expressive texts in all their forms away from the maze of many terms.

Meaning is closely linked to context, and the dialectic of influence and being influenced between them is reciprocal. Therefore, we will find that meaning directs the context that is the reason for its presence in the text. The importance of the subject is embodied in this dialectic, which is often overwhelmed by absolute generality and the overlap and conflict between the many critical terms, both Arabic and Arabized, some of which may only be based on weak, traditional theorizing that may not be compatible with our expressive language, which is rich in its words and diverse meanings in different contexts required by the situation and the occasion.

There is no doubt that the artistic and intellectual distances between poetry and poet are distances between poet and recipient, between poetry and recipient, without question. This is where the search for self and the search for worlds of communication within/outside these channels takes place. These are worlds of manifestations with all their poetic texture—language, imagination, and rhythm—within/outside the text. These worlds are charged with self-obsessions, emotions of tension, and attempts to transcend and deviate from the language's familiar lexicons. These worlds bear their new signs in new, unfamiliar worlds within a poetic and critical reality that imposes its presence through reading and questions that transcend traditional answers.
From this perspective, we seek to deconstruct the memory of the Iraqi Mosuli poet Ahmed Jarallah, searching for its layers and its inherent coexistence with itself. This, in any case, signifies the true interconnectedness between two terms (memory and forgetfulness), with the latter being inextricably linked to the former. The latter represents an exceptional case in the process of remembering, or in the act of recalling memory for its functional performance. From this path, we seek to deconstruct the memory of the Iraqi poet from Mosul, Ahmed Jarallah, in search of its layers and its proximity to itself, which in all cases means the true connection between two words that roam the distances of the title and are summed up in (memory and forgetfulness) to the extent of the second’s connection to the first without separation, and that the second represents an exceptional case in the process of remembering or in the act of summoning memory to perform its function.

Decision support systems (DSS) are extremely useful tools for problem solving and decision making under uncertainty. These systems help to better understand the complexity of problems addressed, allowing incremental and consistent integration of the knowledge on it. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used as a means to provide the DSS with the flexibility required to process the knowledge on a specific area (Objective Data). The main objective of this work is to show that DSS can be created using methods and techniques of AI for the elaboration of court decisions, which are part of an objective and regulated data environment, specifically the Mercosur Common Nomenclature. The results presented demonstrate large-scale creation of court decisions that use influence diagrams based on objectives to guide the litigation process, evidencing the effectiveness of the AI used in a DSS and reducing the ambiguity, an inherent problem in the formulation of judicial decisions.

Negation is a linguistic phenomenon that refers to the deletion of the meaning for which a word was created, by adding an apparent or implied addition to the original word, such as the addition of a hamza at the beginning of a triliteral root, which is the most common, as in the saying: qasata (just) meaning jaara (to be just) and aqsata (to be just) meaning azala al-jawr (to be just). Or by weakening his eye, as in your saying: he became ill if his health deteriorated, and he became ill if someone removed his illness.
This research, entitled "What Was Negated in the Holy Qur'an," presents most of the words that linguists and commentators in the Holy Qur'an have interpreted as negative, provided that the negation is clear and explicit. We have mentioned for each word the meaning for which it was created and the meaning that was negated from it.
The research includes an introduction explaining the meaning of negation, and an introduction, followed by four discussions on the method and techniques of negation, followed by a brief conclusion of what was mentioned in the research in terms of presentation, detail, and induction of the words whose meanings were negated. This was followed by a list of sources and references in both Arabic and English.

This research explores how people in Ernest Hemingway's story "The Cat in the Rain" feel about each other. It looks at how gender roles, what society expects, and what people want for themselves are all different. This is done by studying the story and its writing. The research examines how these arguments impact the people in the story, especially the American wife who wants to find happiness and fulfillment beyond her usual role at home. To understand why people were fighting in the novel, the readers need to know the rules and ideas of society at that time. This means we have to know what life was like in the 1920s. The researcher looks at how Hemingway's way of writing and the ideas of feeling left out and disappointed contribute to showing conflicts in society. The conversation is about how people have received and understood the story, and how it continues to have an impact. It focuses on the importance of the social problems shown in "The Cat in the Rain". This study helps us understand the complexities of what society expects from people, how that can limit them, and what happens when people can't express their own needs.

The Concept of "Verb" in Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani's "Al-Muqtased fi Sharh al-Idah": A Comparative Analytical Study in Light of Modern Linguistics
This research undertakes an academic analysis of the concept of "Verb" as presented in "Al-Muqtased fi Sharh al-Idah" by the prominent Arab linguist and rhetorician, Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani (d. 471 AH/1078 CE). The study aims to delineate Jurjani's perspective on the verb, situating it within the theoretical framework of the historical development of Arabic grammatical thought. A systematic comparison is conducted between Jurjani's views and the theoretical contributions of leading grammarians, jurists (Usuliyyun), and morphologists. The research meticulously surveys various definitions of the verb, ranging from its lexical semantics to traditional grammatical definitions – including definition by exemplification, temporal reference, combined temporal and eventive reference, and classificatory morphological cues. Special emphasis is placed on the predication-based definition adopted by Jurjani. The study particularly highlights Jurjani's epistemological standing in the history of grammatical thought, offering a detailed analysis of his concepts of "predication" and "reporting" within the context of his theory. This analysis is supported by an examination of his philosophical and logical arguments underpinning his definition. Furthermore, the research discusses the multifaceted semantic dimensions of the verb, illustrating how temporal, eventive, predicative, and morphological/lexical components converge to shape this pivotal concept. The study employs a comparative analytical approach, integrating insights from modern linguistics to illuminate nuances and contribute to a deeper understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of Jurjani's grammatical framework.

The present study aims to compare teacher preparation programs in Iraq with those in
Japan and South Korea to identify the similarities and differences between them. The researcher uses the comparative analysis approach to achieve the aims of the study . The study tool is a comparison card, which includes the following aspects: (Bodies supervising teacher preparation programs, duration and system of teacher preparation, criteria of student admission , aspects of the teacher preparation program and evaluation system and tests.
One of the most prominent findings of the study was Iraq's disagreement with the two comparison countries in that the Ministry of Higher Education and scientific Research is the body responsible for teacher preparation programs in Iraq , while in both Japan and South Korea is Ministry of Education. Moreover , the admission plan in Iraqi colleges is different from that in the two comparison countries in that it does not include any tests for accepting students in colleges of education ; whereas there are formal tests in both Japan and South Korea
Based on the results, the researcher presents a number of important recommendations, the most one is including admission tests in the admission plan of Iraqi colleges.

This study plans to investigate the portrayal of women from rising countries in Bharathi Mukherjee's novel, 'Jasmine.' The study endeavors to reveal insight into the socio-social and individual elements of their encounters and how they address the more extensive subjects of movement, identity, and having a place. The target of this article is to break down the character of Jasmine and different women from rising countries in the novel to figure out their inspirations, encounters, and advancing identities. This study utilizes a subjective, writing-based approach. It includes a nearby perusing and text-based examination of 'Jasmine' to distinguish and decipher the encounters, character improvement, and jobs of ladies from rising countries. The concentrate additionally draws from auxiliary sources, including scholarly studies, women's activist and postcolonial speculations. The research uncovers the complex idea of women' encounters from rising countries as depicted in 'Jasmine.' It features their struggles in adjusting to another culture, frequently bringing about character fracture and recreation. Furthermore, the study examines the portrayal of these women with regards to their activist and postcolonial hypothesis, investigating how Mukherjee challenges ordinary orientation jobs and offers a nuanced viewpoint on the outsider experience. Bharathi Mukherjee's 'Jasmine' gives a rich embroidery of ladies from rising countries who overcome regular presumptions, exhibiting their mind-boggling excursions of self-disclosure and transformation. The novel contributes fundamentally to the writing on migration, character, and women's rights, offering a more nuanced comprehension of the outsider experience and the developing jobs and goals of ladies in the diaspora. This research highlights the significance of multicultural and various voices in contemporary writing and its importance in forming how we might interpret the world.

In this research paper, I shall demonstrate that language production is an active process whereby producing the language requires a kind of mental activities throughout using the productive skills in order to achieve and maintain a solid communication. After that, I shall talk about the connection between speaking and writing as productive skills. Then, I shall discuss the productivity of speaking skill and the way it helps second language learners in communication. Besides, I shall discuss in details some major reasons for teaching speaking skill and the importance of its impact on interaction between learners. Finally, I shall suggest some activities that can help improve second language learners’ speaking skill.