The White Dome Journal

The research dealt with the study and analysis of the credit tools used in usurious banks from a Sharia perspective. The focus was on the extent to which these tools are compatible with the principles of Islamic Sharia, and identifying the points where they conflict with Sharia provisions. Applied models will also be presented to clarify the Sharia effects of these tools on financial transactions.
The research gained great importance in light of the great expansion in the use of banking credit tools, and the necessity of ensuring that these tools are compatible with Sharia controls. It also contributed to educating Muslims about the ruling on these transactions, and enabling them to make sound financial decisions.
Keywords: credit instruments, usurious banks, legal rooting, usury, loans, sales, applied models.

The text views religion as a symbolic foundation shaping collective consciousness and structuring human-world relations. Yet, it also links religion to the formation of law and its interaction with historical reality. When context is mistaken for the absolute, historical critique becomes essential. Here, the theory of Prophetic ijtihad arises, reflecting the tension between text and context. The Prophet’s decisions—contextual, temporal, and socio-political—demonstrated that engaging reality is not a break from revelation but a mode of its expression. This insight allowed jurists to distinguish between immutable revelation and temporal rulings. Thus, Prophetic ijtihad is not an anomaly but a hermeneutic structure shaped by reality. The question is not merely whether the Prophet exercised ijtihad, but how jurists understood and located themselves within this dynamic. Reality compelled jurisprudence to evolve. Hence, this theory serves as a key to grasping the historical formation of Islamic legal thought.

Language consists of socially acquired tendencies to respond significantly to observable social stimuli. This is the view from which a prominent philosopher and logician examines the concept of meaning and the linguistic mechanisms of objective reference.
Quine is often described as a major critic of logical positivism—a critique centered on his essay «Two Doctrines of Empiricism.» Quine rejected the distinction between analytic and synthetic, demonstrating that logical positivism is only possible thanks to unjustified assumptions.
This paper focuses on examining Quine›s thought on meaning and how it transcends the holism of meaning and the holism of assertion. In analytic philosophy, particularly semantics, language is used as a tool for interpreting knowledge of the world. Language is composed of propositions. Therefore, every proposition in our language must be meaningful. Meaning is therefore the fundamental component of a proposition, and he demonstrates that every method of determining the meaning of a linguistic expression through traditional semantics is completely wrong with respect to meaning. Quine questions the reliance on meanings to explain psychological situations or translation, stating that these philosophical views lack empirical foundation and do not effectively explain the phenomena they aim to address. Finally, regarding the indeterminacy of translation thesis, we see that much has been said about it, much of it based on misunderstandings. Neither a satisfactory formulation of the thesis has been presented, nor any strong arguments for or against it have been advanced.

The sale contract is considered an important financial contract because people need it. This is because it is a means of exchanging money and benefits between people, and because it relates to their daily affairs. A person›s need is related to what is in the possession of another, and they do not give it to others without compensation. Each person offers the other what they need in order to receive what they need in return.
wasar lilbaye nsyb min althawrat al›ilktrwnyt; hayth ‹adhaa albaye walshira› ebbr wasayil alaitisal al›ilktrwny yhll mhl albaye altaqlidi, walbayea, eilman ‹ana tariqat albaye alalkutrunii la yanfaku ean albuyue almqrrrt fi alshshryet al›islamyt, bal ‹anaha munbathiqat eanha, walakinaha bi›asalib jadidat tatanasab mae altatawurat almueasirati.
Selling has also had its share of the electronic revolution, as buying and selling via electronic means of communication has replaced traditional selling and trading, noting that the method of electronic selling is inseparable from the sales stipulated in Islamic law, and in fact it is an offshoot of it, but with new methods that are compatible with contemporary developments.
The random box, also known as the surprise box, is a term that became known in the era of electronic communication, and it is similar to what Islamic jurisprudence knows as the sale of randomness and the sale of uncertainty.

The graduate student (master›s and doctorate in history specialization) is required to submit research in the preparatory year, and there is no doubt that the student›s success in writing these researches is evidence of his ability to write the thesis, because the thesis will be written in the same way, but its scope is wider, and it will show the extent to which the student benefits from the small research prepared in the preparatory year. These researches are often diverse, in order for the student to learn about the different sources in his specialization and learn how to use and benefit from them, and to practice the application of the scientific research method in a limited manner.
The student must familiarize himself with the historical method: «The method used by researchers who relate to past experiences, with the aim of studying and analyzing some problems that have their roots in human experience in different phases.» Therefore, researchers say: It is difficult for us to understand the present without referring to the past; present life is a natural extension of past life.
The historical method is: an organized process of collecting data and presenting it in an objective manner, and these data are usually related to past events, and are collected and analyzed, in order to test the validity of hypotheses about the phenomenon addressed in the study, or the causes and effects of these events. and its directions. It also helps to describe the past, determine its reality, in addition to interpreting current events, and make predictions about future events. The Abbasid era was characterized by the seventh century AH thirteenth century AD by the abundance of historians and scientists who had great contributions in all scientific and intellectual fields, so we present the most prominent platform for those historians who appeared in that historical era of the history of Iraq, and they are each of Ibn Al-Dubaithi, Muhammad bin Saeed bin Yahya, Al-Wasiti, Ibn Al-Najjar, Muhammad bin Mahmoud Al-Baghdadi and Ibn Al-Sai Al-Baghdadi, Taj Al-Din, Abu Talib, Ali bin Anjab, of the most famous and prominent The historians of this century, and Ibn al-Futi, Abdul Razzaq al-Sabouni Sheikh, are one of the most important and famous historians of Iraq in this seventh century AH, taking the approach of Ibn al-Tuqtaqi Shams al-Din, Muhammad, Abu and Jaafar as a model for the prevailing approach in the seventh century AH.

People›s tastes and interests vary in what they desire and prefer from colors. This leads us to establish an aesthetic philosophy within our culture and ignite it to shine in our curricula and education within our social culture and curriculum. This philosophy is to be cultivated by humans and defines the beginning of everything that contributes to the tranquility of the soul and feelings, and the growth of emotions between heaven and earth, through the beautification of color, the color itself carries, and the diverse connotations of its many uses for humans.

The current research aims to determine the effect of the Balsankar and Brown method on the achievement of fifth-grade science students in physics. To achieve the research objective, the following null hypothesis was formulated:
• There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group who will receive instruction according to the Balsankar and Brown method, and the average scores of students in the control group who will receive Teaching using the traditional method, in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) physics achievement test, the results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group on the physics achievement test. Based on this, a set of conclusions and recommendations were reached.

The researcher provides an explanation of the statistical analysis results regarding the external validity, reliability, internal consistency, and Z-Test related to the significance of the hypothesized correlations between the independent variable (Green Human Resource Management Practices) and its four dimensions (green recruitment, job analysis and design, green training and development, and green rewards and compensation) with the dependent variable (burnout). The researcher further analyzes the results of regression analysis based on the F-Test to demonstrate the significance of the impact of green HRM practices on burnout. Additionally, the researcher discusses the results of multiple regression analysis to present the combined effect of the independent dimensions on the dependent variable of burnout, which includes aspects such as job exhaustion, reduced performance, psychological stress, and emotional fatigue.

The Holy Qur’an is the word of God Almighty, revealed to His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), both in wording and meaning. It has reached us through reliable transmission from trustworthy sources. It poses a challenge to humanity to produce something similar to it throughout the ages, and this challenge continues to exist. This challenge is part of the Muslim belief that the Holy Qur’an is characterized by the quality of miraculousness, meaning that it possesses a miraculous nature that transcends human capabilities.

The research sought to uncover the unique contributions of Sheikh [Kashif al-Ghita], revealing that he distinguished himself in evidence by prioritizing ijma (consensus) over the Sunnah, considering ijma itself as part of the Sunnah. He also had distinctive rulings in matters of purity (taharah), such as the ritual washing for Friday prayers. Many of his unique perspectives, along with his scholarly works, juristic opinions on contemporary issues, and his theoretical contributions to jurisprudence and usul al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), stand out. Notably, he differed from the mainstream in his classification of al-hukm (ruling), al-hakim (the ruler), al-mahkum fih (the subject of the ruling), and al-mahkum bih (the ruling itself).

Selling weapons to the enemies of Islam can harm Muslims and strengthen their enemies.
Selling weapons to the enemies of Islam constitutes a betrayal of trust and a religious duty. Selling weapons to the enemies of Islam is also forbidden under Islamic law.
The research demonstrates that Muslims must confront aggression and work to protect themselves and their communities, while adhering to international laws and conventions that prohibit the sale of weapons to the enemies of Islam.
The importance of the research lies in the fact that Muslims must work towards unity and cooperation to confront challenges and threats. Selling weapons to the enemies of Islam can impact international relations and lead to tensions and conflicts.
The research concludes with the importance of raising awareness and educating about the prohibition of selling weapons to the enemies of Islam and the importance of unity and cooperation.

Those interested in philosophical and epistemological matters all agree that studying the nature of the intellectual premises upon which thinkers, including philosophers and theologians, rely to construct their mental world with its propositions, and subsequently their religious world with its axioms and postulates, must be based on each individual›s position on the concept of causality, whether sensory, rational, or divine. This is because the position on the concept of causality for each of these thinkers determines and clarifies the methodology upon which they base their vision of the world. It also enables us to gain insight into their mentality in understanding the structure of the universe and its features, which are usually grouped within this sprawling, concentric triangle: God, man, and the world. The essence and nature of this triangular relationship, and the extent and strength of each pole, are not established except through the concept of causality. This concept enables us to perceive and understand the extent to which both the senses and reason contribute to the perception of things and beings
in their relationships.
Based on the above, the study of the philosophical and theological thought of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, with its two aspects, cannot be a clear and complete study unless it is preceded by determining his position on the concept of causality. This is what the current research will undertake to study by identifying the meaning of causality and its significance in Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, then exploring his position on the concept of causality in depth by analyzing his theorization of the concept of causality on the logical, cognitive, and existential levels.

Islamic values have a profound impact on society. If we can instill Islamic values in Muslim individuals, our society will be free of chaos, strife, and many forms of corruption. Below, I will present to you some of the effects of Islamic values on society. One of the effects of Islamic values is that they make society a divine society, whose standard is piety. Everyone fears God Almighty in secret and in public, so there is no corruption in society. The importance of education is also emphasized. Its value in developing the individual and society and its profound impact on the development of all aspects of an individual›s life - psychological, physical and spiritual - has prompted many educators, pedagogues and thinkers to study this subject and discover its various aspects of societal, human and civilizational methods and influences. Islam has come with educational rules represented by religion, the Holy Quran and the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, for the actual and practical application embodied in the content. The educational message of Islam; God has commanded in His glorious Book to follow the example of the noble Messenger in his morals, and the noble Messenger commanded to be adorned with noble morals. Islam has defined educational methods and means to achieve religious and worldly righteousness; the means of education in society, from the family, mosques, schools, media and the rest of the members of society, bear the responsibility and role in building the Muslim individual and his righteousness. Islamic law also came with educational methods Through which these rules are received in a manner consistent with his human nature.

The religious experience is the confrontation with God and His revelation, and also the taste of being in His presence. The religious experience is internal and cannot be reached with sensory tools and means. Each person derives his understan ding from himself and his on eistence. Schleiermacher considered it a feeling of dependence on the absolute, while James describedit as a drect individual emotional state. Soroush focused on it as a living relationship between man and the absolute. Mlkan believed that it achieves tranquility and contentment, that is, it aims at spiritual reasurance.

In this research, I have addressed the rhetorical methods of restriction using several tools, and I have shed light on the Holy Quranic aspects of the two Zahras. Grammarians and rhetoricians have shown that restriction has four types: restriction with (innama), (negation and exception), (removal by presenting what is followed by delay), (removal by some conjunctions), and so my field of research was the rhetorical methods of restriction with (innama) in the two Zahras.
The eloquence of brevity is more eloquent than breadth, and its emphasis is stronger, and this is what prompted me to study this style and trace its meanings and connotations and clarify its reality and metaphor. This title has not received in-depth study by researchers, so I decided to delve into it. Through this research, I will stand on the eloquence of Quranic expression, striving to clarify the most prominent connotations that appear in the Quranic context.

The research discussed one of the important topics in the principles of jurisprudence, which is the topic of rational evidence, but from a perspective different from the one studied and discussed, which is the clarification of rational applications and issues in acts of worship according to both the Imami and Shafi’i schools of thought. Acts of worship are based on revelation, which is direct receipt from the Lawgiver. However, there are rational applications that were addressed in this research, namely: the issue of facing the qiblah in the call to prayer, dry ablution, ablution, etc. All of these applications are a comparison between the aspects of Imami jurisprudence and Shafi’i jurisprudence.

The Prophet›s biography is not merely a subject for memorization and narration. Rather, it represents a comprehensive intellectual school that works to develop intellectual faculties, enhance critical analysis skills, and the ability to solve problems, expand cognitive horizons, and build a strong value system. This makes it a fundamental resource in building a conscious, thoughtful Muslim generation capable of facing the challenges of their time.

Daniel Webster is considered one of the most influential American political figures of the early nineteenth century. The importance of this topic lies in its coverage of the life of a man who served in the United States House of Representatives and Senate, as well as Secretary of State. He also enjoyed a formidable reputation as a constitutional lawyer, and was able to interpret many constitutional laws through his His work in the US Congress, and his defense of a number of different cases in US courts. The research is divided into three sections. The first section is titled “His Birth and Early Life.” It deals with the life of Daniel Webster, from his family origins, his birth, his education, and his social life in his state of New Hampshire, and his nomination to the US Congress. The second section is titled “Daniel Webster’s Political and Legal Activity.” 1812-1824, which deals with the beginning of his political career and the most prominent events that emerged in domestic and foreign policy, such as the issue of the National Bank, the customs tariff, and the war with Britain. The third section, entitled Webster’s Political Role in the United States of America 1825-1852, deals with Webster’s role in political events through his participation in discussions within Congress and in the American government until his death.

Correction is an important aspect that reveals to the interpreter or reader the truth of the statement presented and any changes that occur through one person’s correction of another’s opinion.

Forensic accounting is a modern accounting discipline that has emerged as an effective tool in combating financial corruption and uncovering fraud within institutions. This discipline combines accounting knowledge with legal investigative skills, enabling forensic accountants to analyze financial data, detect manipulations, and provide accurate judicial reports that support decision-makers in regulatory and judicial bodies. This research aims to demonstrate the importance of forensic accounting and its vital role in promoting transparency and integrity within Iraqi institutions, particularly in an environment characterized by increasing cases of administrative and financial corruption. The research relied on an analytical approach and a field case study of a government institution. The results demonstrated that employing forensic accounting directly contributes to reducing control gaps and uncovering financial violations that may not be apparent in traditional auditing. The research concluded that forensic accounting must be activated as a fundamental component of government oversight systems, and that it must be supported legislatively and institutionally, along with the provision of qualified personnel to implement it within Iraqi institutions.

Modern scientific advancement has played a crucial role across all aspects of life—scientific, medical, industrial, and beyond. Among these developments, the digital computer has had a particularly significant impact on the scientific domain, especially in the field of Islamic jurisprudence, where fatwas are essential for Muslims in navigating various aspects of their lives. Due to the increasing frequency of errors and intellectual confusion in this domain, it better to have chosen to focus on the intersection of artificial intelligence and fatwa issuance.
This study aims to explore how artificial intelligence interacts with Islamic thought and the extent to which it can influence the process of issuing fatwas. The topic is of pressing contemporary relevance and societal benefit, particularly in the realm of religious guidance. Islamic thought, with its inherent values and rigor, plays a fundamental role in ensuring the proper formulation of fatwas by contextualizing them within specific circumstances of time and place.
The research outlines the key benefits and risks associated with artificial intelligence and concludes with a summary of the main findings drawn from the study.

The concept of socialization is a crucial factor in stabilizing generations based on fundamental principles and roots. Academic studies have highlighted the significance of socialization, as it pertains to both the family and the educational administration, represented by the teaching staff. These entities are common factors in unleashing youthful energies and instilling in them supreme values such as courage, honesty, justice, and wisdom. These values can be jointly fostered by the family and all educational institutions that encompass the various stages of student development. By embedding these values within students, they can contribute to the building and stability of society across all social and psychological aspects of life. Accordingly, this study is entitled «Utilizing Socialization and Supreme Values to Refine Student Character Through the Family and Formal Educational Institutions.» It comprises two main sections: the first clarifies the concept of socialization, its characteristics, and foundations. The second focuses on reinforcing supreme values in the spirit of the youth.

The atrocities perpetrated by German colonial forces against the Herero and Nama peoples in Namibia—then known as German South West Africa—between 1904 and 1908 constitute one of the earliest cases of genocide in the twentieth century. Approximately 80% of the Herero population and over half of the Nama were systematically exterminated. These crimes were marked by the deliberate use of concentration camps as instruments of annihilation and were ideologically underpinned by racial science, which served to legitimize mass killings, The German colonial response, led by the Schutztruppe (Protection Force), to the uprisings of the Herero in 1904 and the Nama in 1905, was extraordinarily violent and repressive— matching, and in some respects surpassing, the brutality of other contemporary colonial regimes. The scale and intentionality of the extermination efforts underscore the genocidal nature of the campaign, Although colonialism and Nazism are not causally identical phenomena, both systems were rooted in a shared ideological matrix grounded in pseudo-scientific racism and a fundamental devaluation of non-European human life. This historical case illustrates how ideology can transform imperial ambitions into mechanisms of systematic extermination.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral counseling program in enhancing psychological resilience and reducing academic burnout among academically gifted secondary school students. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with two equivalent groups (experimental and control), each consisting of 30 students. The experimental group participated in a 12-session counseling program implemented over six weeks (two sessions per week), focusing on resilience development, cognitive restructuring, and improving coping and self-regulation skills.
Two instruments were used in the study: the first was a scale to measure academic burnout, which was constructed specifically for the current research based on established psychometric principles. It addressed three core dimensions: academic and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced sense of accomplishment. The second scale measured psychological resilience, and it was adapted and culturally validated for use with Iraqi students.
Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between the pre- and post-test scores in favor of the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the program in enhancing resilience and reducing burnout. Follow-up results confirmed the sustainability of the program’s impact after one month. The study recommends the integration of cognitive behavioral counseling programs in school settings, particularly for gifted students.