Warith Scientific Journal

A hypothetical chart reflecting researchers' perceptions of the nature of the relationship between This study sought to identify authoritarian leadership in job insecurity. In order to achieve this, three dimensions of authoritarian leadership were adopted while job insecurity was expressed as a subordinate variable through two dimensions First the perceived threat and second the inability to confront the thread . The problem of the study was initiated by the Euphrates State Company for Chemical Industries in Babylon Province.variables has been built, and according to two main hypotheses, the first relates to the correlation between variables and the other related to the measurement of the level of impact. The necessary data have been obtained for the field aspect of the identification prepared for this purpose, with a sample population of the study (300) of the individuals employed in the research company. The study reached a series of important findings, the most important of which was the existence of an association and influence between the autocratic leadership variable in job insecurity. The researchers made a series of recommendations, including: Promote a culture of consultation between managers and staff to ensure more inclusive, participatory and effective decision-making.

استنادا الى الفلسفة التي تتمحور حول تحرير التجارة الخارجية والانفتاح الاقتصادي اصبح من البديهي ان اي بلد لا يمكن ان ينعزل عن العالم لذا تعتبر المناطق الحرة احد اوجه التنمية الاقتصادية لاسيما وان دول العالم تشهد اليوم تسارعا في حركة المتغيرات الاقتصادية وشدة المنافسة الاقتصادية من اجل احداث المزيد من تحرير التجارة الخارجية .
ان المناطق الحرة اصبحت اليوم منتشرة في دول كثيرة من العالم واصبحت تستخدم كأداة لتنمية الاقتصاد حيث من خلالها يمكن رفع حجم الصادرات والواردات وتحسين واقع الميزان التجاري ونقل التكنلوجيا وتخفيض نسبة البطالة وزيادة مدخلات البلد من العملة الصعبة وغيرها من الاهداف التي من الممكن تحقيقها عن طريق اقامة المناطق الحرة وان هناك تجارب عديدة ناجحة في هذا المجال بالإمكان الاستفادة منها ويستفاد من مشروع اقامة منطقة حرة لدعم وتنمية التجارة والميزان التجاري وبقية القطاعات في اي اقتصاد كان للتمتع بما تقدمه المناطق الحرة من ميزات وامكانات لدعم الاقتصاد الوطني.

The current research aims to demonstrate the impact of sustainable supply chain practices on product quality at the level of Imam Ali Al-Hadi (peace be upon him) vegetable oil factories in Maysan Governorate. In order to achieve this, the sustainable supply chain variable was measured with five sub-dimensions, which are (sustainable purchasing, sustainable manufacturing, sustainable storage, sustainable transportation, reverse logistics), and product quality was measured with six sub-dimensions, which are (performance, credibility, features, serviceability, aesthetics, perceived quality). The research started with a main problem that included several questions revolving around the nature of the relationship between its variables in the field, the most important of which was (What is the level of availability of the dimensions of the sustainable supply chain variable in the factories of Imam Ali Al-Hadi (peace be upon him) for vegetable oils / Maysan branch?). The study community included the factories of Imam Ali Al-Hadi (peace be upon him) for vegetable oils in Maysan Governorate, and the study sample amounted to (184) individuals from the workers. The questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting the data and information necessary for the study. For the purpose of analyzing and processing the data statistically, the study relied on a set of statistical programs (SPSS V.25, Amos V.25, Microsoft Excel). The research reached a set of results: The sustainable supply chain variable achieved a high degree of importance at the level of the factories of the research sample. This indicates the management’s reliance on following sustainable purchasing procedures and rationalizing manufacturing processes in order to reduce waste and provide appropriate storage conditions to preserve stored resources, and possessing appropriate means of transportation and paying attention to customers’ reactions to their use of the products provided to them. Some recommendations also emerged, the most important of which is that due to the novelty of the current study variables, it is necessary to direct the management of factories to stimulate production lines and marketing activity to provide New ideas for vegetable oil products in terms of packaging, variety of weights, different designs, adding characteristics to the quality of products in preparation, manufacturing, distribution, and methods of easily delivering products to customers and facilitating the transfer of products to direct sales outlets and wholesalers in the best possible way.
Keywords: Sustainable supply chain, product quality, Imam Ali Al-Hadi (peace be upon

The current research seeks to determine the level of influence and contribution of buzz marketing, in its dimensions, on the mental image of the food products company under investigation. In order to achieve this, the variable of buzz marketing was measured with three sub-dimensions: (creating hype, seeding strategy or cultivating ideas, and giving incentives for participation), The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was (it became clear that there is a correlation and influence of the buzz marketing variable on the mental image at the level of the company in the research sample. This indicates that the company’s management whenever it seeks to pay attention to buzz marketing in terms of supporting its advertising campaigns, adopting modern promotional methods, and presenting new ideas. In manufacturing products and providing the necessary incentives to maximize customer participation, which in turn enhances the company’s mental image)

The current research aims to demonstrate the role of green production culture in achieving competitive advantage and the possibility of its application in the Iraqi business environment. The research also aims to demonstrate the role of green techniques for strategic cost management in economic units, which can contribute to providing environmentally friendly green products of high quality that contribute to eliminating of pollutants and emissions to achieve competitive advantage, as well as the importance of green techniques in providing the necessary information to make healthy decisions that support competitive advantage, through application in the Iraqi General Cement Company/Southern Cement Company, which is represented by (Kufa Cement Factory), a subject for research. After studying the reality of the General Company for Southern Cement, represented by the Kufa Cement Factory, and applying green techniques to manage the strategic cost, represented by (the green value chain and the green target cost), the researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which were: Green production is considered necessary at the present time for economic units in light of their moral obligations and responsibility towards the interests of the society in which they operate to achieve their success, because it contributes to reducing the consumption of natural resources, improving the efficiency of production processes, recycling waste, and reducing emissions and pollutants. Green techniques also play a role in strategic cost management. The economic unit has an effective role in achieving the dimensions of competitive advantage represented by (cost, time, quality, and speed of response to changes and innovation).

The study aimed to analyze the evolution of the consumption function in the Iraqi economy in light of the trends of the leakage-addition gap for the period (2004-2022). The research problem revolves around several questions, including the nature of the element gap, whether it affects the consumption function, and whether the consumption function responds to this effect. The research hypothesis posits that the element gap positively affects the consumption function in the Iraqi economy,The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is the rentier nature of the Iraqi economy. The consumption function heavily relies on salaries and wages rather than income from productive sectors, leading to a high marginal propensity to consume. Despite the high imports in Iraq, the leakage elements were less than the addition elements throughout the study period. This is due to low income taxes and the low rate of savings caused by the absence of a savings culture among individuals,Therefore, it is suggested to raise awareness and guide the society in a way that enhances the savings culture to curb excessive and unnecessary consumption, ensuring an increase in the marginal propensity to save to a level of 40%. It is also necessary to activate the agricultural and industrial productive sectors to keep pace with the development in consumption, which relies on imports to meet this development, financed through oil exports.

The research focused on the fact that the digital economy, and the economy based on the use of information technology and modern means of communication, is one of the results of the communications and information technology revolution or the fourth industrial revolution, and among the areas most affected by the digital transformation are the areas of human development such as education and health, and education has become digital in completely new forms as well as health, which has become digital and depends on the Internet and modern means of communication. The research was launched with the idea that the development in the digital economy has led to the development of all areas of the economy in general and in particular human development and its variables and indicators, and this change was accompanied by positive and negative effects and faced many difficulties in general and in particular in the studied application environment (Iraq). The research problem is represented in answering the following question: Can the desired changes from the digital economy be effective in human development and its indicators in the studied application environment (Iraq)?
The research aimed to identify the nature of the digital economy and study its various aspects and know its positive effects on human development by studying Iraq's experience in this field and setting basic principles as a starting point that supports the process of digital transformation, and determining the role of the digital economy in improving education, its services and health facilities. The research is based on the hypothesis that since the digital economy is the most important and recent development in the global economy and has steady effects on human development and its indicators, and since this role faced challenges and difficulties, especially in the chosen application environment (Iraq), this role at the beginning had positive and negative repercussions and later developed into an important and positive role in human development and its indicators. The research reached a set of related conclusions and recommendations that were consistent with the research objectives and hypothesis. The most important conclusion was the weakness of the information and communications technology infrastructure in Iraq, which leads to the reflection of this weakness on the digital economy in Iraq as a result of economic and political mismanagement. The most important recommendation was to develop and disseminate digital technologies, taking into account their positive effects in the context of the common ambition to achieve digital transformation to achieve development goals, provided that the information and communications technology sector is viewed according to its impact on all economic sectors and work to stimulate the digital economy to increase its contribution to the global gross domestic product.

This study aimed to identify the independent variable strategic intelligence with its dimensions (foresight, organized thinking, future vision, motivation, partnership) and its impact on mystery marketing variable adopted in its dimensions (request for information, customer experience, meetings and customer welcome, presentation, customer follow-up activity, customer data protection, customer needs identification), through an applied study on Iraqi private banks in the Middle Euphrates region, from the point of view of workers in The upper and middle administrative levels, numbering (100) managers working in private banks study sample, and the problem of the study revolves around the main question: strategic intelligence and its impact on Mystery marketing in private banks study sample, The researcher adopted a hypothetical scheme of the study through which the objectives of the study and its hypotheses were determined, and this study is considered one of the field studies, in which the researcher followed the descriptive analytical method, and this study was relied on two types of information sources, secondary sources and primary sources, and the researcher designed a linear questionnaire that serves the variables of the study, and statistical methods were used (confirmatory factor analysis, standard deviation, weighted arithmetic mean, coefficient of variation)

within the statistical program for the social sciences (SPSS v 26) in the processing of data obtained through the field study of the sample studied. The study reached a number of results, including: the existence of the impact of strategic intelligence The impact of strategic intelligence in its dimensions on Mystery marketing in private banks The study sample, and the study recommended the need to enhance strategic intelligence practices among managers and workers at senior management levels operating in Iraq due to its clear impact on Mystery marketing in private banks in Iraq in order to improve the quality of services and prepare for any changes that occur in the banking environment

This study aims to determine the impact of strategic awareness on organizational excellence and to know the extent of adoption of the concepts of strategic awareness by the two universities (Baghdad - Technological) at various administrative levels by identifying the extent of the impact of the dimensions of strategic awareness represented by (competitive awareness, awareness of strategic goals, awareness of service provision) on the dimensions of organizational excellence represented by (excellence in human resources, excellence in service provision, excellence in organizational culture). The opinions of the study sample were taken from the employees in the presidency of the two universities at various administrative levels, where the size of the total study community was (687), and the size of the sample valid for statistical analysis at the University of Baghdad was (85), and the size of the sample valid for statistical analysis at the University of Technology was (146). The descriptive analytical approach was relied upon, and the questionnaire was used as a tool in collecting data. For the purpose of analysis and statistical processing, a set of programs represented by (SPSS V.28) were used. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is the presence of an impact of strategic awareness on organizational excellence, and there are no differences between the averages at the two universities in strategic awareness, with preference given to the University of Technology. There are differences between the averages at the two universities in organizational excellence, with preference given to the University of Technology. The results of the statistical analysis proved that the two universities have a level of interest in the study variables, and this confirms the distinction of the two universities for their entry into the global classifications.

The research aims to determine the extent of the role played by artificial neural networks in improving the relevance of accounting information. The main issue addressed by this study is to study the role of neural networks in improving the validity of accounting information.
"Therefore, the study included both theoretical and applied aspects, utilizing a descriptive analytical approach. To test the study's hypotheses, a research tool was employed and distributed to a group of accountants and auditors, as well as some programmers. A total of 113 responses were collected. Statistical software (SPSS 2023 and Smart-PLS) was used for analysis. Consequently, the study concluded that there is no positive impact of artificial intelligence, as represented by its techniques"
(neural network) on the relevance of accounting information.

The research seeks to measure the level of disclosure and transparency in light of reporting on the sustainability standard (gri308) for industrial companies in the research sample by analyzing the content of financial reports and auditor reports according to a time series of data extending from the year (2016 to 2023). The research used indicators of the sustainability standard (gri308). The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is the necessity of enacting laws and instructions by the competent authorities that oblige companies to apply indicators of the standard GRI308 and to overcome difficulties in all aspects that hinder the application of sustainability standards in Iraq.

This research aims to know the extent of the impact of climate change risk disclosure on the company's value. The scientific importance of the research is that disclosing these risks helps in knowing the effects of these risks on the company's financial position. To achieve this goal, the researcher sent an electronic questionnaire (Google Form) to a sample consisting of academics, accountants, auditors, certified public accountants, auditors, financial managers and audit managers at the University of Karbala, Warith Al-Anbiya University, Al-Zahraa University for Girls, accounting offices and some Iraqi companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The electronically retrieved forms amounted to (155) valid forms for analysis. A set of statistical methods were used to achieve the research objective and reach the desired results; including: descriptive analysis of the questionnaire sample data using Excel, as well as a simple regression model using the SPSS V.26 statistical program to test the conditions of the simple mediation model. In addition, structural equation modeling (simple mediation model) using the JASPER V.0.18.3 statistical program to test the effect of the independent variable (disclosure of climate change risks) on the dependent variable (company value). The results showed a positive effect of disclosing climate change risks on the company value, which indicates the importance of disclosing these risks in order to maximize the company's value and make rational decisions with high returns versus low risks.

The aim of the research is to analyze accounting performance evaluation indicators using a relatively modern tool (Tobin's Q) to calculate the added value, and to go beyond traditional accounting tools (return on equity rate), as well as to point out the implications of this measure as an indicator for evaluating performance and using it to interpret the added market value as one of the most effective tools for evaluating banking activity. The banking sector was adopted as one of the most important sectors (and even the most interactive) in the Iraqi market, as ten Iraqi banks listed in the regular market were calculated for the period from 2016 (the year of adopting international accounting standards) until 12/31/2023. The results of applying the (Tobin's Q) scale test indicated a direct relationship between the added market value and (Tobin's Q) for private Iraqi banks. The results also indicated the weakness of the added market value for the majority of banks, and that their growth is very slow despite the increase in their total assets to a degree higher than their market value.

This research aims to demonstrate the impact of strategic containment on the practice of green human resources management at the level of the research sample at the University of Karbala. In order to achieve this, the strategic containment variable was measured with four sub-dimensions: (adopting alternatives, facilitating the ability to adapt, synthesizing information, strategic implementation). The practice of green human resources management was measured with four sub-dimensions: (green recruitment and selection, green performance evaluation, green training and development, green compensation systems). The study started with a main problem that included several questions revolving around the nature of the relationship between its variables in the field, the most important of which was (to what extent do employees at the University of Karbala care about strategic containment). The research sample was selected by the intentional sample method, consisting of (136) people from the research community of (184), and the questionnaire was relied upon as the main tool to obtain the research data, which was prepared based on a number of ready-made scales after being subjected to validity and reliability tests. To test the validity of the hypotheses and answer the research questions, the descriptive analytical method and statistical tests were used, including: the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, based on the statistical program (SPSS). The researchers reached a set of obtained results, the most important of which is that the relationship between the level of strategic containment and green human resources management at the University of Karbala was more than average for both variables. The study recommended developing educational programs that are compatible with institutional accreditation standards and strengthening communication channels with the ministry to respond quickly to the ministry's instructions..

The research aims to shed light on the analysis of the development of green national accounts and some indicators of economic stability in the United States of America for the period (2004-2021), as green national accounts are an information system like other financial accounting, because they record the economic events carried out by economic activities in the country in the field of environmental protection, represented by environmental costs and the resulting environmental revenues. The research problem was represented by the increase in emissions resulting from industries that rely on non-renewable energy sources represented by fossil fuels, in addition to the depletion of threatened resources in a short period, and then its impact was negatively reflected on economic growth and development. The research is based on the hypothesis that adopting green national accounts as a new development approach that takes into account the environmental impacts on the economy is an important and smooth step towards achieving economic growth and sustainable development. One of the most important conclusions reached by the researcher is that green national accounts represent an important step towards achieving sustainable development that combines economic growth and environmental conservation, by integrating environmental dimensions into national accounts, as countries can achieve a better balance between the use of natural and economic resources, which enhances public welfare in the long term, and this can be clarified by conducting an analytical study to prove this.

The research aims to measure the effect of environmental friendly energy in reducing climate changes and standing on renewable energy sources as it is renewed at a rate that exceeds what is consumed, such as solar energy and wind by presenting the requirements for disclosing the risks of climate changes according to the IFRS: S2, as Iraq ranks fifth In the sequence of the most fragile countries in the world in terms of climatic changes and that the Iraqi environment faces many climatic phenomena such as the huge rise in thermal degrees, an increase in dirt and sand storms and a decrease in the level of rainfall and in a way that negatively reflects the life of the individual and society, collect data that was employed to test the research hypotheses where (120) questionnaires were distributed to a group of Husseini processions and visitors, and the research reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which was the presence of an effect to employ clean environmental energy on the visit to reduce Climate changes

This study aims to demonstrate effect of Virtuous Leadership in Reducing Isolation in The Workplace. The study began with a main problem that included several questions, the most important of which was (to what extent does virtuous leadership affect the isolation of workers in food industry companies in the holy governorate of Karbala?). The research community included five food industry companies in the Holy Governorate of Karbala, where the research community reached (130) individuals only. The questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting data and information necessary for the study. The study relied on a set of statistical methods available in the program (SPSS V.26) in order to analyze and analyze the data statistically. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which was (the statistical results for the virtuous leadership variable showed that they had achieved high-level results, and this indicates that the companies sampled by the study are, to some extent, interested in adopting virtuous leadership practices with their functional staff). The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which was (the need for focus and attention in the companies sampled in the study in the Holy Governorate of Karbala, on adopting virtuous leadership practices, and applying them in all departments and divisions of companies by employing people who possess the characteristics of virtuous leadership and have the ability to apply them in the field).

Traditional financial reports are the means by which the financial performance of economic units is evaluated in order to serve beneficiaries such as investors, creditors, lenders, the government, and others. These reports used to meet the needs of beneficiaries, but today these traditional financial statements are no longer sufficient to make comprehensive and sound decisions. Therefore, there is a need for reports that are more comprehensive than financial reports, namely integrated reports, as integrated reports have become an important part of the global economy, which are used as a means to evaluate social and environmental performance in addition to economic performance, and to formulate them in a clear and understandable manner to meet the needs of The parties using these lists and making sound decisions

The aim of the research is to generalize the One Parameter Inverse Lindley Distribution for the purpose of expanding the basic distribution properties to suit monotonically descending data using the quantile function principle based on the T-R{Y} distribution class proposed by (Alzaatreh et al., 2014) to generalize the distributions for the purpose of finding the T-IR{Y} distribution class as well as finding a new distribution from this class considering that the distribution of the first variable T follows the inverse exponential distribution with one parameter (Inverse Exponential Distribution) and the variable R has an inverse Lindley distribution with one parameter and the variable Y has an exponential distribution with one parameter, so the resulting expanded distribution is Inverse Exponential- Inverse Lindley- Exponential under the theory of fuzzy sets by converting the resulting distribution to fuzzy based on a formula proposed by (Ali and Nima, 2022) as the resulting distribution is a fuzzy triangular distribution based on the quantile function which is abbreviated as (FIEILE). Estimating the distribution parameters using the Maximum Product Spaceing method using Monte-Carlo simulation experiments, as well as applying it to real data to demonstrate the feasibility of the new distribution.

Classifying accounts on Instagram as real or fake is essential for understanding and combating the phenomenon of online scams and fraud. This research utilizes the vast data available from Instagram to distinguish between real and fake accounts using binary logistic regression modeling. One of the prominent non-linear models for estimating logistic regression parameters was employed and enhanced using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method, further optimized with a genetic algorithm. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) criterion was used to compare parameter estimation methods for logistic regression The results indicated that the enhanced Maximum Likelihood Estimation method performed best due to its lower MSE for estimators. In practical application, using the enhanced Maximum Likelihood Estimation method and data specific to real and fake pages revealed that factors such as the number of followers, bio length, link availability, profile picture availability, average number of hash tags, and time gap between posts were the most influential in determining account authenticity These factors proved most impactful in identifying whether an account was real or fake. The model achieved an accuracy of 80% for real accounts and 75% for fake accounts classification based on the data used.

Demography is the science that is based on the scientific study of the different characteristics of the population. Demographic studies represent the initial method for understanding the population community, and one of the first applications in human history, as it is used to determine the population size, which has been emphasized by many scientists and specialists in this science through different methods of presenting and analyzing the results. Recording deaths is of great importance, as through it the demographic reality of the population can be analyzed. Among its uses are analyzing the current demographic situation of the population and covering the needs of health authorities and enabling institutions to make decisions and take appropriate health measures. In this research, 2023 estimates were used to build complete life tables using two methods (Allent-Johnson, Wakima) based on abbreviated life tables using the (Qual-Dumni) method in building them. Perhaps the most important thing that the research focuses on is choosing the best method for forming them by comparing with the life expectancy of the Central Bureau of Statistics according to the 2023 estimates. The results indicated that the Allent-Johnson method using the Qual-Dumni life table is the best, as it gives the closest Estimates of actual values

In this article a new survival function is introduced based on using the Transmuted Lower record type to expand the three parameters generalized invers Weibull, this formula adds forth parameter to the baseline distribution makes the base distribution more flexible in covering data. The four parameters have been estimated by MLE method. In addition, we estimate the probability function in order to prove the efficiency of the new distribution using the (MSE) criterion, in beside we calculated the new transmuted survival function values of real data.

The interest in this study focuses on how to transport and distribute petroleum products from distribution centers, which are a number of refineries distributed in different locations. This includes a group of governorates that consume these derivatives. In this case, the usual and multi-stage transportation models (Multistage Transportation) are adopted in order to accomplish this task. As the decisions to transfer these derivatives are made in the Iraqi environment characterized by a state of uncertainty (Uncertainly) and appear here. A certain peculiarity of this transportation process is that there is a temporal classification of the processing process for this substance (white oil), as it turns out that there are three time period The winter , lowest and spring.
A set of conclusions and recommendations were made, the most important of which are:
Adopting mathematical transportation models in the process of transporting and distributing petroleum products, especially white oil, would enhance the scientific technical capabilities in the process of transporting and distributing white oil at the lowest possible total cost.
The optimal solution can be obtained by the company by adopting the multistage transportation model with the help of ready-made software (Q.S, B) or (Q.M). These models are resorted to when there is a very high interest by the company’s management in costs. College should be as little as possible.

This research presents a new development in probability distribution modeling by applying the DUS transformation to the X-Shanker distribution, resulting in a modified distribution known as the truncated X-Shanker distribution under the DUS transformation. This modification aims to enhance the flexibility and efficiency of the distribution in representing real-world data.
The behavior of the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of the new distribution has been analyzed and compared with the original distribution. Additionally, its structural properties, such as mean, variance, moment functions, and reliability function, have been derived. The parameters of the new distribution have been estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to ensure accurate parameter estimation.
To evaluate the performance of the proposed distribution, it has been applied to real-world datasets, where the results showed that the new distribution provides a better fit for the data compared to traditional probability models. This study highlights the importance of using the DUS transformation in improving probability distributions and expanding their applicability in statistical analysis and applied data studies

This research aims primarily to clarify the role and importance of tax and oil revenues as an effective contributor to economic growth, especially the Iraqi economy, as tax revenues are one of the most important financial policy tools that play an important role in influencing the volume of economic activity, in addition to oil revenues that greatly affect Economic growth is due to the Iraqi economy’s dependence on oil revenues, as it is considered a rentier country par excellence , and thus the state has the responsibility of coordinating the size of revenues and exploiting them in the correct manner that guarantees the achievement of economic growth, especially in the event that the economy is exposed to a crisis, whether economic, political, or otherwise, as the research methodology was adopted. To use the inductive approach to analyze the theoretical and general aspects, in addition to using the deductive approach to analyze data and statistics through the quantitative measurement method to analyze the impact of tax and oil revenues on economic growth in Iraq for the period (2004-2021), as the research problem lies in studying the effects that the revenues can leave. Tax and oil revenues affect economic growth in Iraq, whether positive or negative. The research concluded that there is a positive impact of oil revenues on economic growth in addition to the negative impact of tax revenues on economic growth. As a result, the research recommends the necessity of finding alternative revenue sources to oil revenues. Through diversifying investments as well as monitoring tax revenues to know their true size in the economy for the purpose of achieving economic growth that suits the Iraqi economy.

The research aims to discover the impact of strategic foresight in its dimensions (environmental survey, methods of information processing, networks, individuals, organization, and culture) through hidden marketing and its techniques (viral marketing, brand marketing, celebrity marketing, and amplified marketing) in improving electronic banking services in its dimensions (cost, speed, and quality). The questionnaire, which was judged by a group of experts, was used to obtain information from a sample of (250) individuals in commercial banks in the holy city of Karbala. Statistical methods have been used, most notably (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and variance) based on statistical programs (Amos V.23), (SPSS V: 26) and (Excel Microsoft). The research found a direct impact of strategic foresight in improving electronic banking services through hidden marketing techniques. As for the recommendations, banks should use advanced tools to collect and analyze data about markets, customers, and competitors periodically and train employees to use them and benefit from them in making strategic decisions.

The research aims to identify the impact of the Corona pandemic (Covid-19) on the strength of the Egyptian financial and banking system according to financial safety indicators. At the end of 2019, the global economy was struck by a health pandemic called the Corona pandemic. This pandemic led to the global economy paralyzing the system due to the cessation of most economic activities as a result of the measures taken by countries to mitigate the effects. Economic growth rates declined to unprecedented historical levels and public debt worsened until it reached unacceptable stages exceeding all standards, in addition to the rise in unemployment rates and poverty rates and its impact on financial and banking stability conditions. The research found a decline in the net profitability of Egyptian banks by varying percentages as a result of the precautionary policies followed to confront any repercussions of the Corona pandemic (Covid-19) and setting aside part of the profits in the form of allocations that are used in the event of an increase in customer defaults due to the crisis, in addition to the increase in demand for loans granted by banks to the corporate sector, in order to control the repercussions of the Corona pandemic (Covid-19).

The research means studying the measurement and analysis of the productivity of the government agreement on education in the Iraqi economy. The research included annual data for Iraq for the period (2004_2022) and this research derives importance in many aspects, including the importance of spending on education, which is the backbone and essence of the entire educational process, because it is an investment in human capital in the long term, and the vital role played by spending on education in raising the level of human development, as we start the research from the premise that the education sector exercises a major role in achieving development goals in Iraq Therefore, the increase in spending in Iraq While the problem of research is the weak role of the government and its inefficient management of economic resources while achieving human development goals, the education sector has been given a secondary role in its development policy, unlike other countries, the financial allocations to the education sector as a percentage of total public expenditure were low and did not meet the aspirations of advancing the development reality, The research acquires its importance from the standpoint that it is the subject of spending on education among the best investments in raising the rate of productivity, which in turn leads to economic and social development, so it is necessary to work to increase the efficiency of spending and know the problems faced by Iraq in particular, and the research seeks to achieve the goals, which is the theoretical rooting of government spending in the education sector, and the analysis of the development of productivity of government spending in the education sector in Iraq, and measuring and analyzing the productivity of government spending in the education sector in Iraq. In order to study the subject, achieve the goal and test the validity of the hypothesis, the deductive approach was adopted through the descriptive method in analyzing the theoretical side in order to give a theoretical background on the variables, while on the applied side, the quantitative method was adopted using the standard model to study the relationship between the variables, And reach the conclusions, the most important of which is that education directly affects productivity, as education contributes to the improvement and development of human resources by increasing the efficiency, intellectual capacity, absorptive and productivity of various sectors of the economy, as educated workers are more productive than uneducated workers, regardless of the nature of the production process. The most important recommendations are to focus economic strategies on economic diversification in Iraq through a well-managed privatization process in order to move away from the rentier economy through the design and implementation of industrial and productive development policies.