Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

Two methods for extraction of available Zn in soil (DTPA and HCl extractants) were conducted
to evaluate the best method for calcareous soil .The concentration of zince ranged from 0.36-
2.91 and 0.26- 2.86 mg/KG by DTPA at silking and maturity stages respectively, and from 0.31-
0.45 and 0.19- 0.91 mg/KG by HCl at silking and maturity stages respectively. The validity of
these two methods was tested through correlation test with corn growth parameters at the two
growth stages. The extraction with DTPA gave better result than the extraction with HCl hsing
different statistical parameters (r, r2, t) which were 0.782, 0.635 and 6.295 respectively correlated
with plant parameters.

The process of oil recycling after purification is considered as an economic process
from one side and treats the environmental pollution treatment of draining these oils to
the environment as another side. Thus, many experiments have been made in this
ydrogen H, ite Benton research by using many different chemical materials such as (
Peroxide, Amines(TEPA) mixed with Bentonite, Amines(TEPA) mixed with
Hydrogen Peroxide) Good results had been obtained to improve the physical
C, o C, Viscosity at 100 o specifications to the treated used oil concerning ( Viscosity at 40
eter ) specially by using TEPA with M olor C oint and P lash F ravity, Acidity, G fic peci S
thylene E etra T s as follows (95, 13.7, 0.873, 1.57, 210, 3) consequently , use Bentonite
as a method for treating the used oil by aggregation Bentonite entanine ( TEPA ) with P
and as applicable method for recycling oils

Results of the study of mycoflora content of wheat seeds samples (Abaa 99 variety) recent
and stored for one year showed that the seed stored for one year contained 37 fungal isolates,
16 isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus and 9 belong to the genus Fusarium, while 12
belonging to other genera, but in the recent grains only 8 fungal isolates were isolated,
including 3 isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus and 2 belong to the genus Fusarium and
3 belong to other genera.
These two types of wheat seeds were treated with mercury chloride and its effect on seed
germination by blotter method. The results revealed that the stored seeds that treated with
mercury chloride gave the highest germination percentage 92% compared with 81% for non
treated seeds, while the recent seeds that treated with mercury chloride showed the
germination percentage of 78% compared with the germination percentage of 43% for non
treated seeds.

The electrical survey method along with the 2D induced polarization method were used
to determine the depth of the Groundwater table and to locate the geo-electrical zones
within the area of interest in Bahar Al-Najaf region . The surveys were conducted in three
lines using Schlumberger protocol . The lines were 400 m in length. Data analysis showed
three Geo-electrical zones, these are: The top soil layer, an upper confining layer which
belongs to upper member of Dammam Formation, and a water bearing layer that belongs
to middle member of Dammam Formation. The induced polarization sections showed the
presence of two zones that represent impermeable layer and the water-bearing layer . The
resistivity values were in the range of 2-9 Ω.m. for the upper soil layer, 10-20 Ω.m for the
impermeable marlstone layer and 20-40 Ω.m for the carbonate water-bearing layer. While
induced polarization values ranged from 0- 700 milliseconds. Ground water depth
ranging between 20-30 m and extends the aquifer to a depth of more than 70 m from the
ground level.

Hydrological studies are very important in arid and semi-arid regions, in view of the
urgent need for water in those areas which suffer from a shortage of water resources.
Ground conductivity measurement technique was used to detect water table, in Fadak
farm which is located on the Sea of Al-Najaf in the province of Al-Najaf. The (EM34-3)
device was used, for which, three cables 10, 20, 40m were used. The survey was done
with two parallel lines, with length of 350 meters each, and the minimum separation
between the two line are 40 meters. Ground conductivity values of the site were used to
determine the geological layers up to 50 meters depth. semi-permeable layer and the
beginning of the aquifer and the quality of water and its uses.

There is a possibility to develop the geophones which measure longitudinal seismic
refraction waves where particle movement is with the wave path , to transversal seismic
refraction wave geophones where particle movement of the medium is vertical to the path
. In this study, many parameters could be taken into consideration, which affect the
process of development. These parameters are: the nature frequency, damping sensitivity,
distortion ratio, natural and dynamic resistance of the geophones. There is a semi
similarity in sensitivity and distortion ratio between vertical and standard horizontal in
one side, and the developed horizontal geophone in other side, respectively. A possibility
to develop the ordinary geophone of vertical coil to horizontal coil one can offer a lot of
receiving equipment to the shear wave seismic signals in order to have shear wave
velocity and it could be used in engineer seismic purposes .

The Isotopic Techniques is an important tools in hydrological and hydrogeological
studies. Current study, include an isotopic measurements of isotopes (18O, 2H) and
determine the interaction zones between the water resources at study area Al-Shinnafyiah-
Samawah/ south Iraq, (48) samples were collected as follows: 19 monitoring wells, 9
from springs , 16 samples from river , in addition of 4 samples from Sawa lake dwing,
2015. Depending on Isotopic Values, the results showed that there is no significant
interaction between groundwater and river in the study area, except at some of the wells
in depths ranging 14-16 m, its limited interaction between water bearing aquifer and
River, on the other hand isotopic results for the stable isotopes (2H, 18O) for samples of
Sawa lake showed that there is no interaction with groundwater wells in the studied area.

Field experiment was carried out in Musel Research Station/Ministry of Science and
Technology, the target of this study is to know the response of some chickpea genotypes to winter
and spring sowing dates. Randomize Complete Block Design was used in 3 replicates. The results
showed that there was a significant differences between genotypes in all study characters for both
dates. Genotype 75125 was superior in early flowering for spring date. Genotypes 10249 was
superior in number of pods per plant (95 pods), number of seeds per plant (85 seeds), plant yield
(12.23 gm) and seed yield (1999 Kg. ha-1) in winter date. Genotypes 5839 was superior in number
of pods per plant (1.3.. pods), number of seeds per plant (32.43 seeds), plant yield (10.26 gm)
and seed yield (1645 Kg. ha-1) in spring date in comparison with the control treatment in the
number of pods per plant (26 pods), number of seeds per plant (26 seeds), plant yield (13.0 gm)
and seed yield (414.1 Kg. ha-1) .

Ozone is one of important atmospheric components, which has significant impacts on
human health and global environment and climate change. The present study is a
qualitative research deals with monitoring the concentrations of total ozone over Iraq
using global images obtained from (TOMS) on board Nimbus-7 (1978-1993), Meteor-3
(1991-1994), ADEOS (1996-1997), Earth Probe (1996-2005) missions and from OMI on
board Aura (2004-2016). Monitoring of total ozone during (1978-2016) showed presence
of ozone hole over Antarctica which started during 1980 and continued till this period in
appearance especially during September and October. When monitoring of total ozone
over Iraq in that period appeared remarkably low concentration in the total ozone extends
from southern Iraq to the Arabian Peninsula, especially during 2005 on December. In
10th December 2005 noted a sharp decline in the total ozone reached a value to less than
(220 Dobson Unit) over Iraq, and this value comparable to value of ozone hole. Deviation
of total ozone level from normal (1978-1988 level) during day (10 December 2005) over
the area of Iraq it was noted from total ozone images and estimated to be (-25%, -30%)
for TOMS instrument, which was larger than that estimated for each of the other two (
20%, -25%) SCIAMACHY and (-15%, -20%) SBUV/2.

The time- dependent behavior of a clayey soil-cement was studied, using the triaxial
compression test throughout the test programs under the unconsolidated undrained condition.
The undrained condition represents the controlling drainage condition in which a creep failure
may occur.
The undrained creep behavior of soil-cement was investigated, using the following
cement content (4, 8 and 12%), under three various stress-strength levels (60, 75and 85%).
The creep time relation, effect of stress level on creep, effect of cement content on creep,
creep rate, and the effect of creep on strength was studied thoroughly.
Test results of 35 models showed that creep strain increases with the logarithm of time
and stress level but decreases as the cement content increases. Also, increases in the strength
and modulus of elasticity augment after creep but was affected by increases in cement content.
On the other side, this research shows a particular stress level below which soil-cement
sample will not fail; this is termed the critical stress level. Little increases in the critical stress
level was indicated with increases in the cement content.
Finally, linear relationship appears between logarithmic of creep rate and time, the slope
of this relationship was found to be independent of stress level. Creep strain decrease rapidly
with logarithmic of creep rate for specimens of 0% and 4% cement content while insignificant
changes in creep properties occurred in specimens with 8% and 12% cement content.

This study deals with degradation efficiency of chlorpyrifos by nano zerovalent iron
(nZVI) for effective remediation of water contaminated with chlorinated pesticide. We
prepared the nZVI and the effects of pH, time and iron dosage on chlorpyrifos degradation
were studied. Chlorpyrifos degradation percentage was increased with increasing nZVI
treatment amount and reaction time. The experimental results showed that chlorpyrifos
was completely removed by nZVI, chlorpyrifos solution at 25 mg/L was efficiency
removed by nZVI within 6 hours, at initial solution pH 3, nZVI dose of 500 mg/L. These
results suggested that nZVI could be effectively applied to degradation of chlorpyrifos
pesticides in the aqueous environments.