Al.Qadisiyah journal for the Sciences of Physical Education

Abstract
The study aimed to develop composite exercises using high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and playing in different spaces with various forms similar to match situations to enhance sprint endurance and the skills of controlling and scoring for young soccer players. The researchers used the experimental method with two experimental groups. The research population included youth club players in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, consisting of eight clubs. The sample was chosen randomly (lottery method) from Al-Intifada Sports Club, comprising 24 players, who were then divided into two experimental groups of 12 players ea.
Pre-tests were conducted to calculate homogeneity and equivalence between the two groups, followed by the application of the composite exercises prepared by the researchers. Post-tests were then carried out, and data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS package. The researchers concluded that the composite exercises applied by the experimental groups helped develop the studied variables. Based on the conclusions, the researchers recommend focusing on both training methods due to their significant benefits in developing the studied variables, as they are suitable for

Abstract
The effectiveness of discus throwing Discus throwing is due to the specificity of performance when throwing, which requires that there be attention when developing training curricula to train this activity is the use of muscle stretching exercises (P.N.F). P.N.F stretching exercises in the tired muscle or muscle group after eccentric contraction. The research problem is the lack of use of the (P.N.F) method in training units and the separation between strength and flexibility exercises and the lack of integration between them to obtain a training method to develop ranges of motion and the research used the experimental method and the research sample is the discus throwers, numbering 5 in Baghdad Governorate. Cardiac and post-tests were conducted and the results showed a significant The researcher concluded that (P.N.F) resistance training had developed the explosive strength of the arms and leg

Abstract
The research aims to identify the effect of special physical exercises similar to performance in learning some skills on Balance beam apparatus in gymnastics for female students. It is an open jump skill and a handstand skill And the skill of the front balance, as the research sample represented third-stage students and the researcher used the method The experimental design was carried out using a single group, as the research sample included (32 female students) in gymnastics and implemented The main experiment was to apply special exercises for a period of 8 weeks, with two educational units per week in the department Only the main results are presented and discussed according to scientific sources The researcher then concluded that special exercises have a positive and more effective impact than the traditional method of learning Some skills on the balance beam in gymnastics for female students. The researcher recommended the necessity of diversity In using exercises to make the learning process attractive to learners In using exercises to make the learning process attractive to students.

Introduction to the research: The skill of the smash serve is one of the most important basic offensive skills in volleyball, which is executed by the player who sends it from behind the end line towards the team’s court through the net.: The researcher found that there is a clear weakness in the performance of the smashing skill among most young players, which leads to the team losing a large number of smashes during the course of matches. The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the smash serve and the performance of the high smash skill for junior volleyball players. Research methodology and procedures. The researcher used the descriptive approach. The research community is represented by the players of the country's junior volleyball clubs. The research sample is the players of the clubs of Maysan Governorate, numbering (20) players. Conclusions: The results showed that learning the technical performance of the smash skill had a positive effect on learning the smash skill in junior volleyball. There is a positive correlation between learning the smash skill and the performance of the smash skill among junior volleyball players. Recommendations: Emphasizing the importance of coaches’ interest in learning the technical performance of the high smash skill, as it is related to mastering the performance of the smash skill in junior volleyball.

Abstract
Sports training is one of the most important basic sciences for developing physical and physiological elements. It has been studied by many researchers and applied in all practical training through various methods and approaches. It has inserted many positive results and had an impact on the high level of achievement in various sports, including track and field events in particular.The use of modern technology devices and the discovery of the technical interconnected stages of the 200m competition and the biomechanical variables that are directly related to achieving the speed rate (length and frequency of steps) during the stages of the 200m event, which requires great effort and monitoring scientific means in order to detect areas of weakness and prepare the necessary training to develop them Therefore, a device was found to help determine these important factors, namely the (Smart Socks) device, which helps in detecting the amounts of force, applied pressure and speed rate during running steps and preparing special training and the capabilities responsible for these factors to develop them for the better.Therefore, the importance of the research came in the use of strength training distinguished by speed and explosive power, monitoring the runner’s steps and the changes that occur in the length and frequency of the step and the amounts of fast power exerted during running, and using one of the modern electronic devices to help in preparing the necessary training that contributes to developing these factors according to modern scientific foundations and achieving achievement for this important age group, namely the junior group, who are considered the basic foundation for the development of digital achievement in the future.

Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effect of regular physical activity on selected physiological variables among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Bilad Al-Rafidain, by comparing students across the four academic stages. The descriptive method with a comparative approach was adopted, with a random sample of (40) students, ten from each stage, excluding those participating in sports teams and clubs. Measurements were taken before and after physical exertion during the period from April 12 to April 15, 2025.
The results revealed significant differences in heart rate before and after exertion in favor of the fourth stage, followed by the third, second, and first stages, reflecting improved cardiac efficiency with academic progression. Significant differences were also observed in respiratory rate before exertion in the same order, while no differences appeared after exertion. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure remained within normal ranges without significant differences among stages.
The study concluded that the academic curricula and practical training contribute to improving certain physiological indicators. It recommends conducting similar research on female students and expanding the investigation to include additional physiological variables.

Abstract
The goal of the research to identify the level of psychological balance, the desire to learn and get to know the relationship between them among the fifth grade students in the sport lesson. The researcher used the descriptive curriculum in the method of surveying study and correlation relationships, determining the research community with the fifth -grade students in the sports lesson of (80) students, all of whom represented the research sample, after that the researcher chose and applied the psychological balance of the balance and the desire to learn on the research sample And its discussion, the researcher reached the most important conclusions, including the existence of a direct relationship between the variables of the research "psychological balance and the desire to learn", and based on the results of the research, the researcher recommends a set of recommendations, including directing students to the need to pay attention to practical lessons and the importance of attention to them and encourage students to participate in sports and scouting activities and festivals, not to return the factor of fear and anxiety from the performance of sporting events.
Keywords: Psychological balance, desire to learn.

Abstract
This study aimed to understand the leadership behavior, organizational justice, and cognitive level of Scout leaders holding the Wooden Badge in the Middle Euphrates Governorates (Karbala, Babil, Najaf, Qadisiyah, and Muthanna). It also aimed to understand the relationship between organizational justice and cognitive level and their impact on the leadership behavior of Scout leaders. This study was conducted by constructing scales of organizational justice, leadership behavior, and cognitive level, following scientific steps for constructing scales. This study aims to serve the scientific movement and to be fair to the Scouting movement, its goals, and principles.

bstract : Specialists and experts in sports medicine, injuries, and rehabilitation have long focused on developing rehabilitation programs for sports injuries, relying on carefully selected and scientifically structured exercises to treat tissue damage such as knee osteoarthritis in retired football players, with the goal of restoring the affected joint to its natural state.The research problem emerged when the researcher conducted a survey among retired football players who are the subject of the current study. The participants pointed out several issues, but the most significant for them was the physical aspect, particularly the injuries they suffer from—most notably knee joint damage. They reported experiencing difficulty in performing daily activities due to limited mobility and severe pain in the knee joint.The main objectives of the research were:To develop a physical rehabilitation program, and To identify its effect on the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis in retired football players.The researcher adopted the experimental method using a one-group design, as it was suitable for the research problem. The study population included 10 retired football players from Al-Qadisiyyah Governorate suffering from knee osteoarthritis.The key findings of the study indicated that the physical rehabilitation program had a positive impact on rehabilitating knee osteoarthritis in retired football players. The exercises included in the program, which were applied based on well-founded scientific principles, had a significant and noticeable effect in improving the ligaments and tendons surrounding the knee joint.

The aim of this study is to build a scale of cognitive achievement for the forehand ground stroke in tennis for third-year students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Qadisiyah University. It also aims to prepare an educational curriculum according to the problem-solving skill to develop cognitive achievement and learning the forehand stroke in tennis for students. The researcher used the experimental method in designing the two equivalent experimental and control groups to find the relationship between two or more variables. tibility of the junior group. The researcher conducted a research community that included the students of the College of Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Qadisiyah University, advanced stage, for the random selection (lottery) of (48) students, represented by two groups, namely (C) the control group (the followed test) and (D) the experimental group (the method used to determine the accuracy of clients who did not know the knowledge of skill performance in tennis) The sample. The researcher prepared an educational curriculum according to the problem-solving skill for the experimental group for the research sample members, the researcher reached the most important conclusions, that the educational curriculum used according to the problem-solving skill has a positive effect on the cognitive achievement and learning of the forehand ground stroke in tennis for students, and also that the educational curriculum followed by the instructor has a positive effect on the cognitive achievement and learning of the forehand ground stroke in tennis for students.

Abstract
Researchers decided to study the effect of using creatine phosphate loading doses on developing the CPK enzyme and performance in 800m runners, as a contribution to developing appropriate solutions that help achieve future athletic achievements. The study aims to identify the effect of using creatine phosphate compound in a high-intensity repetitive training method in developing (creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzyme and achievement in 800m runners) according to the doses used. Among the study procedures, the researchers selected the research sample from the original community of the sample of 800m runners, numbering 10 players from clubs in the Middle Euphrates region for the 2025 sports season. They were distributed into the control and experimental groups, with (5) competitors for each group. The researchers conducted the pre-test, then applied the high-intensity training program by loading the creatine phosphate compound for two months, at a rate of (3) training units per week. After analyzing the results, the researchers reached the conclusions, including that high-intensity training in a repetitive manner and by loading the creatine phosphate compound led to the development of the CPK enzyme and achievement in running 800m at a better level than not using this compound, as was clearly shown for the experimental group compared to the control group.