kufa journal Physical Education Sciences

The importance of the current research is evident in assessing the performance of male and female physical education teachers by relying on the performance scale for evaluating the performance of male and female teachers, which is divided into several axes The research problem was represented in the random evaluation process based on an unscientific basis, which leads to wasting time and effort and returning to the zero point. On the contrary, objective evaluation leads to revealing the extent to which the goals have been achieved. From here lies the definition of the research problem through conducting a serious and objective study to evaluate the level of performance of male and female physical education teachers The research objectives included identifying the level of performance of male and female physical education teachers, as well as identifying the differences in the level of performance of male and female physical education teachers. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method because it is appropriate to the nature of the research problem. The research community was represented by male and female teachers of schools affiliated with the Samawah District Center, affiliated with the Muthanna Governorate. The following conclusions were reached: The performance evaluation scale during the lesson for male and female physical education teachers is important for developing the educational process because it is considered a clear indication of the teacher’s performance during teaching. The researcher recommended that physical education supervisors should use the scale to evaluate the performance of physical education teachers.

The importance of this research lies in the increasing need to use modern educational models that contribute to the development of the educational process in physical education and sports science lessons, particularly regarding the efficiency of lesson time utilization and enhancing the effectiveness of skill performance in football for students.The research aims to identify the effect of using McCarthy’s model in achieving optimal utilization of lesson time and some defensive performance situations in football for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science.The research problem is represented by the weak utilization of time allocated for practical lessons and the variation in the quality of skill performance, especially in defensive situations among students, which necessitated seeking an educational model to address this problem within an advanced academic environment..The researcher used the experimental method with the equivalent groups design. The research population consisted of third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year 2023. The research sample was selected randomly, consisting of two classes out of five. Class “Jeem” represented the control group with 22 students, and class “Yaa” represented the experimental group with 22 students to which McCarthy’s model was applied.The research concluded that using McCarthy’s model has a positive effect on achieving optimal utilization of lesson time and improving some defensive performance situations in football among the experimental group compared to the control group. The researcher also emphasized the necessity of adopting McCarthy’s model within teaching methods in physical education lessons, particularly in football, due to its clear effect in organizing lesson time and improving learning outcomes

The research aims to identify the effect of the generative learning strategy on learning some complex skills in handball among players of specialized handball schools and to identify the differences between the pre- and post-tests between the control and experimental groups. The researcher used the experimental method in designing the two equivalent groups to suit the nature of the research problem. The researcher identified the research population as handball players aged (11-12) years from the National Center for Sports Talents and specialized schools in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, specifically players from the specialized school in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate. The total number of players was (60), and a random sample of (40) players was selected by lottery and distributed among them. 1. The generative learning strategy clearly outperforms the complex handball skills (deception-passing, deception-shooting, deception-shooting) compared to the method adopted by the

control group. 3. The generative learning strategy helped the players in the experimental group to link the elements of a single skill and improve the fluidity of movement in executing the deception before passing or shooting, which was reflected in the significant increase in post-performance.

The importance of this study lies in developing the physical abilities of young handball players, as this has a positive impact on both technical and training aspects of performance. The study aimed to design anaerobic exercises simulating real game situations and to determine their effect on selected physical abilities. The experimental method was applied to two groups (experimental and control) consisting of sixteen players from Al-Kufa Sports Club, randomly divided equally. The results showed that the anaerobic exercises contributed to improving motor abilities related to anaerobic endurance, such as speed-strength of the upper and lower limbs, agility, coordination, and speed endurance. They also enhanced defensive endurance and maintained defensive and offensive efficiency during extended play, with better reaction speed and accuracy under fatigue. The study recommends adopting anaerobic exercises as a key component in preparing young handball players and adjusting training intensity, duration, and repetitions according to individual differences to achieve optimal results.

Excellence represents one of the basic requirements for the key elements contributing to the success of organizations. It is a strategic process aimed at achieving the best results and continuously improving performance. Excellence requires the adoption of specific methods and tools to achieve excellence and distinction in all aspects of work. It is an integrated system that aims to achieve organizational excellence by adopting modern administrative practices and advanced technologies to raise the level of performance and efficiency and achieve goals effectively. It is the motivation for its important presence in any administrative body. Excellence is characterized by being a broad and evolving concept, and its contents are characterized by continuous change due to the change and development of the positions and circumstances of the administrative bodies of clubs. Excellence in the administrative position is considered one of the important processes practiced by the management of administrative bodies in clubs at all administrative levels, so that it is an integrated system that includes all management activities. The administrative position is a job located within the organizational structure of organizations, and its occupant enjoys the authority and responsibility to achieve the main goals of the administrative body by making the necessary decisions and directing the work of direct employees, so that the decisive element in the efficiency and effectiveness of performance is investing and developing the capabilities of individuals and motivating them to excel in work excellence. The importance of the research lies in constructing a scale for the dimensions of excellence in the administrative position of members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs from the point of view of football players. Then, the extent of benefit from this scale to identify the dimensions of excellence in the administrative position of members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs was demonstrated. The researcher used the descriptive approach with a survey method because it is more appropriate to the nature of the problem. herefore, the research sample was selected using purposive sampling. The sample consisted of players from the Premier League football clubs (Al-Minaa, Naft Al-Wasat, Al-Samawa, Naft Al-Janoob, Al-Nasiriya, and Karbala), totaling) 170(players from the research population. A total of) 160(players participated in the experiment, while 10 players were excluded to participate in the pilot study. The sample was divided into three parts: the pilot study (10( players from the research population), the scale development sample (111(players, and the scale application sample (49( players from the research population). The researchers presented the results of developing and applying the scale for measuring the dimensions of excellence in administrative positions for members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs, from the perspective of football players. One of the most important conclusions of building and applying a scale of dimensions of excellence in the administrative position of members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs from the point of view of football players is that there is a clear difference in the dimensions of excellence in the administrative position of members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs from the point of view of football players. The results of the study proved that excellence in the administrative position aims to improve performance and efficiency, discover and develop latent capabilities and overcome challenges.

The study aims to examine the impact of psychological stability on learning the ball-handling skill in football among first-grade students at Al-Muthanna Secondary School for Sports Sciences. The research addressed the concept of psychological stability and its importance in educational and sports processes, focusing on ball-handling as a fundamental skill to enhance football performance. A descriptive-analytical approach was used to collect and analyze data, employing reliable tools to measure psychological stability and skill acquisition levels. Results revealed a positive correlation between psychological stability and students' ability to learn the ball-handling skill effectively. Recommendations were provided to enhance psychological stability to improve students’ sports performance.

he research aimed to develop a simultaneous thinking scale and determine the correlation between simultaneous thinking and the performance of some basic football skills by students. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach with correlational relationships. The research population consisted of third-year students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Kut University for the academic year 2025-2026, totaling (155) students. The constructing sample consisted of (100) students, representing (65%), while the application sample consisted of (30) students, randomly selected to represent (19%) of the research population. The study procedures involved developing a simultaneous thinking scale and verifying its scientific basis using statistical methods. The study concluded that the simultaneous thinking scale is a valid measurement tool as it meets the scientific requirements. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the research variables, namely simultaneous thinking and the performance of some basic football skills by students, in a direct direction. The study recommended employing and activating simultaneous thinking among students due to its positive impact on the performance of basic football skills. It also recommended conducting similar studies on the concept of simultaneous thinking in other activities.

The importance of this research lies in using the logical alignment strategy, an active learning strategy, to identify its impact on developing visual thinking and learning certain volleyball skills among second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Qadisiyah University, for the academic year (2024-2025). The study included 153 students representing 8 sections. The researcher used an experimental method with two equivalent groups, as it was suitable for implementing the field procedures. The research sample consisted of 47 students, selected by lottery from sections (E) and (Y). Section (E) became the experimental group, and section (Y) became the control group. The necessary tools and equipment were used in the research and its implementation steps, which included preparing the logical alignment strategy, conducting a pilot study, and the main field experiment, which involved pre-tests, applying the logical alignment strategy, and then post-tests. The researcher concluded that students need the logical alignment strategy (for active learning) to help them develop visual thinking and learn certain volleyball skills. The researcher recommends Utilizing the modern logical alignment strategy in lectures, given its significant role in visual thinking and learning certain volleyball skills within track and field events.

The guided discovery strategy is considered one of the modern instructional approaches that has proven effective in developing motor learning, as it provides learners with opportunities to be active participants in the learning process by searching for appropriate motor solutions under the supervision and guidance of the instructor. This strategy contributes to enhancing thinking, analysis, and decision-making skills, as well as deepening the learner’s understanding of motor performance requirements, making it one of the effective methods for learning and mastering sports skills.
In this context, mental imagery emerges as a complementary and supportive component to the guided discovery approach. It is regarded as an important instructional method, with numerous studies confirming its positive impact on acquiring motor skills and improving performance. Mental imagery enables learners to form a clear mental representation of the movement’s path and its various phases before performing it practically. This helps them construct an internal motor model that can be translated into more accurate and efficient physical performance. Additionally, mental imagery is used to review performance and correct errors by recalling the mental image of the ideal execution and comparing it to the actual performance.
From this standpoint, the significance of the present study lies in emphasizing that physical practice alone is insufficient to achieve full mastery of sports skills. Instead, the integration between the mental and physical components constitutes the foundation of the educational process in physical education. Therefore, employing the guided discovery strategy, alongside enhancing learners’ mental imagery abilities, represents a fundamental factor in improving the efficiency of learning basic skills among futsal players and enhancing their ability to perform effectively in different game situations.
The researcher employed the experimental method using two experimental groups. The sample was selected from second-year students at the University of Al-Qadisiyah, totaling 18 students, who were divided equally into two groups of 9 students each. One group followed an instructional program based on the guided discovery strategy, while the second group was taught using the traditional teacher-centered method. After conducting the pre-tests for both groups, the researcher performed homogeneity and equivalence procedures for the study sample. Subsequently, the instructional program was implemented for the experimental group over a period of ten instructional units. Upon completing the experimental program, post-tests were carried out, and the results were tabulated and analyzed statistically. The extracted findings were then presented, discussed, and interpreted, leading to a number of conclusions and recommendations. Among the most prominent conclusions were:
1. The adopted strategy contributed to improving students’ performance of the skills under investigation.
2. The guided discovery strategy contributed to developing the abilities of the students included in the study.

The importance of the study lies in selecting this strategy, the Cognitive Apprenticeship Strategy, which is based on collaborative learning and the learning of basic football skills among first-grade intermediate students. The problem, through the researcher’s observation of the reality of the physical education lesson in the intermediate stage, lies in the reliance on traditional methods that focus on rote instruction and direct demonstration without providing a real learning environment based on thinking, modeling, and self-evaluation. This may be reflected in the weak acquisition of basic football skills among students.The aim is to design an educational curriculum according to the Cognitive Apprenticeship Strategy and to identify the effect of the Cognitive Apprenticeship Strategy on learning basic football skills for first-grade intermediate students.As for the method, the experimental method was chosen because it is appropriate to the nature of the research problem, using the equivalent groups design (experimental and control) with pre- and post-tests. The research population was identified from first-grade students at Al-Sharqiya Secondary School for Boys for the academic year (2024–2025), totaling (112) students distributed across three sections (A, B, and C). The research sample was randomly selected by lottery, and the number of the sample became (30) students, representing (30.17%) of the research population. They were divided into two groups, each consisting of (10) students who are non-practitioners of football. The exploratory experiment sample consisted of (10) students.
The researcher concluded, from the post-test results, a clear improvement in both research groups (experimental and control) in learning some basic football skills for students. The Cognitive Apprenticeship Strategy had an effective influence on the research variables compared to the method used in the lesson, which is evident in the mean scores that appeared in the post-tests for each group. The experimental group also outperformed the control group using the (Cognitive Apprenticeship Strategy) in learning the basic football skills under investigation.
The researcher recommends using the Cognitive Apprenticeship Strategy in learning football skills for first-grade students, as well as paying attention to curricula and restructuring them so that they do not rely solely on memorization, but help students engage in deep thinking and creativity. It is also important to consider conceptual understanding when developing educational curricula in physical education and sport sciences to improve students’ learning environments, and to conduct similar studies using other teaching

This research aims to identify the impact of training exercises on developing motor coordination and reaction speed in junior volleyball players, given the significant importance of these two factors in performing the blocking skill, which is considered one of the most important defensive skills in the game. The researcher used the experimental method with equivalent groups, as it was suitable for the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of (24) junior players from Al-Madina Club and Al-Jubayish Club, divided into two groups (experimental and control), with (12) players in each group. The experimental group practiced exercises specific to coordination and reaction speed for (8) weeks, with two sessions per week, while the control group followed the usual program. The results showed statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test, in favor of the post-test for the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the exercises used in developing skill performance and accuracy in executing the blocking skill. The experimental group also outperformed the control group in all the variables under investigation. The researcher concluded that using coordination and reaction speed exercises contributes to improving defensive performance and enhancing players\' predictive and reaction speed. He recommended incorporating these exercises into the training curricula for junior volleyball players to comprehensively develop their physical and technical abilities.

The first chapter contained the introduction and the importance of the research in using interval (high-intensity) training and its impact on the development of physical abilities in high-intensity training during the 800m race for young athletes. The research problem was identified as the selection of training methods that were ineffective and unsuitable for performance. The human element included a sample of young track and field athletes in the 800m event. The third chapter presented the results of the research tests, their analysis, and discussion. The fourth chapter presented the conclusions, including that high-intensity training contributed to the development of the physical abilities of the research sample. There was a clear improvement in performance levels in the event, as interval (high-intensity) training showed positive results in developing interval training, endurance, and speed. The recommendations included emphasizing high-intensity training, adopting the training program components and disseminating them to coaches in this event, and using modern methods according to scientific approaches that are compatible with the requirements of the event to develop the physical abilities of the 800m race

This study aimed to investigate the effect of offensive game situations on performance endurance and blood lactate concentration in young futsal players. A scientifically designed training program based on realistic offensive scenarios was applied to induce physiological adaptations and improve players’ efficiency under physical and temporal pressure. The study included 12 players from Al-Kufa Club, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 6) and a control group (n = 6). Pre- and post-tests measured performance endurance and blood lactate levels. Results showed significant improvements in both variables, with the experimental group outperforming the control group. Offensive game situations enhanced the ability to repeat high-intensity efforts, delayed fatigue, and improved lactate clearance, indicating better muscular and cardiorespiratory efficiency. The findings suggest that incorporating offensive game situations into training can effectively develop endurance and optimize physiological responses, thereby enhancing competitive performance in futsal. Future research should examine larger samples over longer periods to confirm the long-term benefits of this training approach.

This descriptive study aimed to assess the reality of using modern training aids in youth football teams in Wasit province. A survey methodology was employed, targeting licensed coaches from officially registered clubs. The research examined four main dimensions: availability of training aids, actual use, coaches’ attitudes, and administrative and technical obstacles. The results showed low availability of modern training technologies across clubs, while the level of actual use was moderate, reflecting coaches’ reliance on basic tools such as simple video recordings and free digital applications. Coaches demonstrated highly positive attitudes toward technology, indicating strong willingness to integrate it into training if provided with adequate resources. Major obstacles included limited financial support, insufficient infrastructure, and inadequate technical training for coaches. Additionally, significant differences were observed in favor of more experienced coaches regarding their ability to use modern training aids. The study concludes that improving technological infrastructure and strengthening administrative support are essential for enhancing youth football training environments

A futsal match requires physical performance, concentration and speed in executing offensive skills due to the multiple situations that are controlled by the small size of the field, the position of the fellow player and the position of the opposing player. Offensive skills are considered one of the most important requirements that determine the level of the player and without them the player is unable to perform the tactical aspects and thus leads to losing the match. Given the scarcity of topics that have addressed this segment of athletes. Hence, the importance of this research appears in the researcher’s attempt to reach results that reveal to coaches the importance of this type of exercises (physical skill exercises using special endurance) and to prove that developing physical abilities in isolation from the skill aspect is a waste of time and effort. The researcher hopes to reach results that serve the game by linking special endurance exercises to the skill aspect and knowing their effect on a number of physical variables for female futsal players. The research problem focused on the fact that most coaches focus their training on endurance, so that it is isolated from the skill aspect, which creates a state of boredom and reduces motivation towards training without balls. In addition to not creating situations similar to what happens in the match, which puts the player in some situations that are difficult for her to solve immediately during the course of the match. Since the player is in constant movement on the field, she needs exercises that enable her to develop her special endurance and a number of physical variables. Among these exercises are the physical (special endurance) skill exercises. Through these exercises, the researcher attempts to solve the research problem, which is defined in the following question: Is there a positive effect of physical skill exercises using special endurance on a number of physical variables for female indoor soccer players? The most important objectives were to identify the effect of physical skill exercises with special endurance on some physical variables for the university team players in futsal. The most important hypothesis is that there is an effect of physical skill exercises with special endurance on some physical variables for the university team players in futsal. The research sample included the players of the Islamic University of Najaf Al-Ashraf team for the academic year 2024-2025. The research period was from 10/17/2024 to 2/27/2025 and was in the closed hall of the Islamic University of Najaf Al-Ashraf. The researcher used the experimental method with the method of two equivalent experimental and control groups (first and second) with pre- and post-tests. After conducting homogeneity and equivalence, the researcher conducted the pre-tests and then applied the physical skill exercises with special endurance. The post-tests were conducted after completing the curriculum. Among the most important conclusions of the physical skill exercises with special endurance is an effective impact on developing some physical abilities (strength endurance for the legs, explosive power for the legs, power characterized by speed for the legs). The university's female futsal players. The most important recommendation was the possibility of using physical skill exercises using special endurance time in training female futsal players

The study aimed at high-intensity training using different resistances. And to identify its impact on the development of some physical abilities and the achievement of running (1500 ) meters, as the researcher used the experimental method and the one –group method on a sample of the players of Diwaniya athletics clubs in running 1500 meters, numbering ( 8) players after they were homogenized in the study variables (maximum speed-speed endurance-strength endurance-aerobic endurance – And the completion of running 1500 meters) as the group underwent high-intensity training using different resistances for ( 8) weeks and (3) training units per week and after the end of the training program, dimensional tests were conducted and compared with the ugly test and through the results that appeared, the researcher concluded that high-intensity training using weights, rubber ropes and various distances contributed to the development of physical abilities and the completion of running 1500 meters

The training of athletics events depends on the development of scientific and standardized training programs to develop the level of the athlete and reach him to higher levels, and the effectiveness of running 800 meters, which need to develop some physical qualities and withstand the effort expended during the race to achieve the best time, from this point of view, the importance of research lies in knowing the extent of the impact of lactic acid in the blood and the achievement of running 800 meters In the event of running 800 meters under the age of 20, the number of ( 10 ) athletes from Diwaniyah governorate athletics clubs for the 2025 sports season, in a random way, and they were divided into two experimental and control groups, with (5 ) players for each group after the two groups were equalized in the study variables, as the experimental design includes two experimental and control groups undergoing a pre-test to find out their condition before the introduction of the experimental variable, then exposed to the experimental variable and then special reversionaries based on their experience and field experience in training .These exercises included jumping and various distinct jogging For a period of ( 8 ) weeks and in fact (3) training units per week, as the rebound jumping exercises were carried out on the experimental group, the control group adhered to the trainer\'s program and their method followed earlier in the preparation phase of the date 10 / 2 / 2025 , the researchers performed tests and telemetry on the research sample two days after the end of the training program and with the date 15 / 4 /2025 in the same way that the tribal tests and measurements were carried out after being statistically processed, and through the results, the researchers concluded that the exercises used for the two groups led to the development of the test results between the tribal and remote For both groups, for the benefit of the remote test and for the benefit of the experimental group, the rebound jumping training in various ways for the experimental group led to lactic acid tolerance, which led to the development of the level of achievement compared to the control group, and through the conclusions, the researchers recommend emphasizing rebound jumping training with high intensity and for a few periods of time in the development of jumping and jumping events.Emphasis on rebound jumping exercises in tolerating the accumulation of lactic acid in the blood and muscles during exertion

The importance of the research lies in identifying the relationships between the most important motor abilities during the performance of a penalty kick in futsal, as the stage of motor balance at the moment of performing a penalty kick has a great impact on the result of the performance of skills, on which the results of matches depend greatly. Research Problem: The researcher observed that training in coordination abilities does not align with the performance of some basic football skills. Therefore, the researcher sought to identify one of these abilities (kinetic balance), which the player relies on for balance and stability when kicking the ball or performing any skill. Balance must be maintained momentarily with the non-kicking foot alongside the ball. Research Objective to identify the relationship between kinetic balance and the accuracy of penalty kick execution in futsal for players of the University of Kufa team. Research Hypothesis was that there is a positive effect of kinetic balance on the accuracy of penalty kick execution in futsal for players of the University of Kufa team. In the second chapter, the researcher used the descriptive method as it was suitable for the research sample, applying a single-group approach. The research population was defined as the players of the University of Kufa futsal team. Chapter Three presented, analyzed, and discussed the results according to the sequence of the title and the objectives set by the researcher.

The importance of this research lies in identifying the relationships between key motor skills during the execution of forehand and backhand strokes in tennis for students. The balance phase during the execution of these skills significantly impacts their outcome, which in turn greatly influences match results. The research problem stems from the observation that coordination skills are often integrated with tennis skills in students, but these skills are not adequately addressed. Therefore, the researcher sought to identify one of these skills (motor balance), which students rely on during balance and when striking the ball with the racket. The research aimed to determine the relationship between motor balance and the accuracy of forehand and backhand strokes in tennis for students. Regarding the research hypotheses, there was a significant effect of motor balance on the accuracy of the forehand and backhand strokes in tennis for students. In the third chapter, the researcher used the descriptive method, as it was suitable for the research sample, applying a single-group approach. The research population was defined as third-year students in section B, totaling (25) students. Ten students were selected for the main sample and five for the pilot sample. Each student was given (5) attempts at the forehand and backhand strokes. The fourth chapter presented, analyzed, and discussed the results according to the sequence of the title and the objectives set by the researcher. The fifth chapter included the most important conclusions: motor balance had a clear effect on the accuracy of the forehand and backhand strokes in tennis for students. The most important recommendations include focusing on motor skills, especially motor balance, due to its clear effect on the accuracy of the forehand and backhand strokes in tennis for students.

The training of athletics events is to develop scientific and standardized training programs to develop the athlete\'s level and reach him to higher levels, and each event has its own specifications and requirements, including the effectiveness of running 800 meters, which needs the development of some physical qualities and their energy systems to obtain physio-logical adaptation of organic devices to perform and withstand the effort expended during the race to achieve the best time, since the effectiveness of running 800 meters falls within the mixed system with the anaerobic system to withstand the performance as a result of fatigue that occurs during the race ، From this point of view, the research problem was focused through the preparation of special exercises on the slopes, ascent and descent, and the extent of their impact on speed tolerance, maximum oxygen consumption and the completion of the 800-meter run, and with the impact of these exercises in the study variables on the youth players of the clubs of Diwaniyah governorate athletics in the 800-meter run and the age of Under ( 20) years, the number of( 8) players for the sports season ( 2025) . After the experimental group was homogenized according to the research variables and after the pre-tests for speed tolerance, maximum oxygen consumption and achievement, the researcher prepared exercises on the slopes ( up and down ) to develop speed tolerance, maximum oxygen consumption and completion of running 800 meters, relying on his experience and field experience and using the opinions of some experts and specialists in the field of athletics), these exercises included different stresses of at the stage of special preparation, after the end of the training period, dimensional tests of the study variables were conducted and through the results the researcher concluded There is a clear effect in training slopes (up and down), which improved the maximum oxygen consumption and endurance speed, which led to the development of achievement and through the results, the researcher recommends the need to prepare training curricula in the stages of general and special preparation on heights or slopes to develop physical and physiological variables for various running events.

This study aimed to identify the level of use of modern training methods based on biomechanical principles by Taekwondo coaches in Iraq and to demonstrate their relationship with the level of motor performance of their players in executing basic kicks. The researchers used the descriptive survey method, applied to a random sample of (35) coaches from Iraqi clubs. The research tools included a questionnaire to measure the extent to which coaches rely on biomechanical methods and an observation evaluation form for the players motor performance level in basic kicks. The results showed that the level of use of biomechanical methods was moderate, and the level of players motor performance was also moderate, with a relative superiority in execution speed and movement fluency. The results revealed a strong, statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.68) between the degree of using biomechanical methods and the level of motor performance. These findings indicate that increased reliance by coaches on these scientific methods is associated with a noticeable improvement in the quality of players motor performance. In light of these results, the study recommended the necessity of integrating biomechanical methods into daily training programs, qualifying coaches through specialized courses in kinematic analysis and biomechanics, and providing measurement tools and modern technologies such as slow-motion video analysis to enhance the technical development process and raise athletic efficiency in Taekwondo.

Study Objectives: To identify the values of biokinetic variables during the approach and takeoff phases and their relationship with the long jump performance of the junior Iraqi national team, To investigate the correlation between the biokinetic variables of the approach and takeoff phases and the long jump performance of the junior Iraqi national team.
Methodology: The researcher employed a descriptive correlational design suitable for achieving the study’s objectives. The research sample consisted of six athletes, representing 100% of the original population.
Findings: A significant positive correlation was found between work (mechanical work) and performance during the approach phase, indicating that athletes who generate greater work are able to transfer energy more effectively, A correlation was observed between power output and performance in the approach phase, emphasizing the importance of producing energy at high rates over time.
Recommendations: Emphasizing the development of strength and speed due to their critical role in achieving successful long jump performance, Stressing the integration and coordination between horizontal and vertical kinetic energy through the enhancement of both horizontal and vertical velocity, aiming to achieve a balanced and comprehensive technical performance that leads to optimal results.