journal of Basic Sciences

Sometimes, a person may resort to daydreaming as an escape from events that cause anxiety and stress in their daily life. These two things constitute a psychological state that negatively affects them, especially if they persist for a period of time, and the aim is to cope with them or lessen their intensity. Sometimes, a person may resort to psychological mechanisms to alleviate these pressures, and one of these mechanisms is "wish" Wishing is considered a mental imaginative process that an individual resorts to in order to get rid of feelings of deprivation and distress, such as imagining living in a different place and time than the one they live in, or a miracle that would deliver them from their current situation. This occurs when they do not find the means available and sufficient to deal with what they are going through. The word "wish" is considered the key of this technique, as it is the basis of it (daydreaming). The word "wish" has mentioned in the Holy Quran, albeit rarely. The word "wish" has mentioned about twelve times. So, some of commentators have even omitted it from their interpretations. (Al-Jubouri, 2002, p. 76).

US President Trump seeks to achieve the national interests of the United States of America, through his use of the strategy and tools of hard power in Iraq to achieve many of them, including political and security goals with the aim of establishing his military presence in Iraq under the pretext of fighting Takfiri terrorism and limiting Iranian influence, as well as economic goals by trying to reach and control oil resources because Iraq has a large and huge oil reserve on a global level.

Praise in Islamic Prose, Since the ancient chivalry that writers of panegyrics were concerned with, from the advent of the pre-Islamic era to the eras that followed, many prose writers have expressed their sincere feelings toward the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), his family, the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, kings, and rulers. Their prose texts are characterized by sincerity of expression, the spirit of the Islamic faith, and adherence to noble human virtues. These texts aim to praise human virtues and consider the public interest, far removed from hypocrisy, ostentation, or material gain. Many writers sought to demonstrate their prose panegyrics through various motivations (religion...), through prose texts that spoke the truth, rose to goodness, and adhered to the sublime values of the Islamic religion. These texts have become an aspect of Arabic literature, and Islamic literature in particular, which combines eloquence and nobility of meaning.

This research deals with Surah Al-Zalzalah (The Earthquake) by interpreting and highlighting its scientific miracles. It describes a severe earthquake and turmoil that the surah mentions when the Hour comes, which is a scientific phenomenon known today as “earthquake,” which are vibrations that occur as a result of the movement of tectonic plates and the accumulation of stresses, which is consistent with the use of the weakening verb (zalazal), which was not known at the time the surah was revealed and is associated with modern science. The surah also describes the treasures and precious metals that are brought out from within the earth, which is consistent with modern science that the interior of the earth is denser than its surface and that it contains heavier materials in its depths, which is expressed by “volcanoes.” The research did not stop there, but also explored the wonder of the Quranic miracle in the multiple readings of the surah, as each of the multiple readings is a separate verse that gives a new meaning, due to the diversity of dialects and words of the Arab tribes, adding enriching dimensions to the understanding of the Quranic text.

The aim of this study is to identify the impact of using Denz pieces in mathematics teaching on the academic achievement of special education students in Mosul. The researcher used a semi-experimental, partially controlled approach based on two groups (experimental and control). The research sample consisted of 20 special education students, with 10 students in the experimental group who studied using Denz blocks and 10 students in the control group who studied using the traditional method. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared a study plan based on the use of Denz blocks to teach the prescribed mathematics topics. He also prepared an achievement test in mathematics for the second grade of elementary school, which was verified for validity and reliability before application. The results of the research showed a statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the achievement test at the levels of (memory, understanding, application) in favor of the experimental group. In light of the results, the research recommended the use of Denz pieces in teaching mathematics to special education students.

This study aims to shed light on the role of working women in supporting family livelihoods in Iraq. It focuses on identifying the nature of their contribution to family income, revealing the economic and social factors that motivate them to work, and determining the main challenges they face in balancing work responsibilities with family life. Furthermore, the study seeks to analyze the social and economic impacts of women's participation in supporting family income, particularly concerning family stability and improving the standard of living.
The study employed a social survey method using a purposive sample, which consisted of 50 participants. Data collection focused on women's work outside the home, the factors influencing their participation, and their role in family financial management.
Key Findings
1.The field study showed that 96% of women work outside the home primarily to earn a monthly salary, which contributes directly to supporting family needs.
2.The main factor preventing women from working is social constraints, affecting 60% of respondents, highlighting the influence of cultural and societal norms on women's employment.
3.Working women contribute to long-term savings and investment, which supports sustainable financial stability for the family.
4.Working women are considered a significant economic resource, aiding in family financial planning and increasing household flexibility in facing economic challenges.

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The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) introduces transformative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and big data analytics, profoundly reshaping educational systems worldwide. In Iraq, systemic challenges, including outdated infrastructure and limited resources, hinder the integration of 4IR technologies in computer science education. This study evaluates the readiness of Iraqi computer science educators to adopt these technologies, employing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as theoretical frameworks. A comprehensive 31-item survey, comprising 28 closed-ended and 3 open-ended questions, was rigorously validated by experts and demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha≈ 0.75 for closed-ended items). The survey was administered to 105 educators across Iraqi universities, with responses scored on a scale yielding a maximum of 95 points per participant. Findings reveal a high level of awareness (65% fully understand 4IR concepts) and strong intentions to adopt 4IR tools (70%), driven by robust perceived usefulness and ease of use (TAM) and performance and effort expectancy (UTAUT). However, adoption is curtailed by significant barriers, including inadequate infrastructure (70%), poor internet connectivity (75%), and insufficient technical support (68%). Statistical analyses, including Chi-Square tests and Spearman correlations, elucidate demographic influences and systemic constraints. The study underscores the urgent need for investments in digital infrastructure, professional development programs, and curriculum reforms to align Iraqi computer science education with 4IR demands. Recommendations include enhancing digital facilities, fostering peer collaboration, and updating curricula to incorporate AI and data science. Future research will expand to longitudinal studies, integrate qualitative methods, and explore policy impacts to inform educational strategies in Iraq and similar developing nations.

This study aims to examine the spatial distribution of schools for gifted students in the city of Al-Kut, to identify the numerical and relative distribution ) of students, classes, and teachers for the academic year 2024–2025, and to( evaluate their functional efficiency based on educational planning standards (quantitative and spatial). In addition, the study investigates an indicator of students’ satisfaction with the services provided in their schools through a field study using a questionnaire. The sample size for each school was determined according to the number of students enrolled in each, and the orientation of the sample for each school was identified using a three-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the general and overall trends of the sample using the Arabic Social Statistical Processing Program (APSS).
The study reached several results, most notably the clear spatial disparity in the distribution of schools for gifted students across the sectors of Al-Kut city. It was found that each sector contains two schools for gifted students, with the exception of the Al-Karama sector, which lacks any school for gifted students. This indicates an inequitable distribution among the city’s sectors. The study also showed that these schools did not achieve functional efficiency according to the quantitative educational standards and spatial standards, whether in terms of surplus or deficit. With regard to satisfaction levels, the study concluded that the general trend of the overall sample of the study indicated a level of dissatisfaction with the services provided to them in their schools in general

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This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the urban transportation system in the city of Ramadi by examining the spatial distribution of vehicle movement on major streets and intersections, and by diagnosing levels of efficiency and traffic congestion during the morning and evening peak periods. The study adopts a spatial analytical approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), based on field data on traffic volumes, statistical and demographic data, in addition to up-to-date maps and satellite imagery. The results reveal a clear spatial variation in traffic density, with a high concentration at several critical traffic nodes, particularly the intersection near the university, the Justice Palace Roundabout, and Baghdad Roundabout, due to the overlap of urban functions and the high volume of daily trips. Future projections also indicate rapid growth in the number of vehicles and an expansion of the street network up to 2035, which will impose increasing pressure on the existing infrastructure. The study concludes by proposing a set of planning scenarios that contribute to improving traffic flow efficiency and achieving integration between transportation and urban expansion, thereby supporting sustainable urban planning orientations in the city of Ramadi.

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1.Study Objective:
The aim of research is to determine the effect of the learning contracts strategy on the achievement and acquisition of scientific concepts among third-grade middle school students in biology.The research seeks to identify whether this strategy positively affects student performance comparison to the traditional method of teaching the same subject,by verifying the formulation of two null hypotheses as follows:
1.There is no statistically significant difference at the 0,05% level in the achievement test between the average scores of the experimental group that studied according to learning contracts and the average scores of the control group that studied according to the tradition method.
2. No statistically significant difference at the 0,05% level between the average scores of the experimental group and the control group in their acquisition of scientific concepts attributed to the learning contracts strategy.
2.Research community and sample:
The research community was based on all third-grade middle school students at Al-Shaheed M0hand intermediate school,totaling (64) students,selected purposefully.Subsequentaly, study sample was chosen randomly and consisted two classes,one for the experimental group and the other for the control group,with each group comprising (32) students.The sample was matched on several variables including prior achievement,age,and intelligence,and the experiment was conducted in the first semester of the academic year(2025/2024).
3.Study Results:
results of the study indicated a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group of third-grade middle school students who studied according to the learning contracts strategy in terms of achievement and acquisition of scientific concepts.

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The study aims to identify the spatial analysis of students in accelerated education schools and their quantitative demographic characteristics, which include gender and age distribution, as well as the issues faced by students in the districts of Wasit Governorate, Official data from the Ministry of Education, specifically the General Directorate of Education in Wasit Governorate for the years 2005, 2015, and 2025 were utilized, along with a questionnaire form. The study followed a descriptive analytical approach, employing statistical analysis methods using the (SPSS) program, It relied on standardized scores and a three-point Likert scale, in addition to using cartographic representation with geographic maps related to the studied phenomenon, depending on the (Arc Map) program for drawing and preparing the maps. The study found that the number of accelerated education schools in the districts of Wasit Governorate increased significantly, which was accompanied by a rise in the number of students over the three years. It noted a lack of equity in distributing accelerated education schools between urban and rural areas, The study also revealed a higher number of male students compared to female students.

This research examines the relationship between history and literary imagination in the poetic drama, using the play "The Last Words of Al-Hajjaj" as a case study to explore the mechanisms by which historical events and figures are employed within the dramatic structure of the poem. The research stems from a central question: the extent to which the dramatic text adheres to historical accuracy, versus the artistic freedom afforded by literary imagination in reshaping events and characters.
The research employs a critical analytical approach, supported by descriptive and historical methods, to analyze the various levels of the text, particularly dialogue, character development, and dramatic events. The study reveals that the poetic drama does not aim to reproduce history as a documentary narrative, but rather utilizes it as artistic material that is reshaped to serve the author's intellectual and aesthetic vision. The findings also demonstrate that the character of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf is presented as a complex dramatic figure, intertwined with psychological and intellectual dimensions, transforming from a historical figure into a symbolic representation of issues of power, conflict, and human destiny. The research concluded that the relationship between history and imagination in the poetic drama is a dialectical and complementary one, in which the past is utilized to question the present, and that literary imagination contributes to deepening the symbolic meaning of the text and endowing it with a human dimension that transcends the boundaries of time and place.

Childhood is a sensitive and critical stage in the life of every child, as it often represents the educational institution where most intentional and unintentional learning processes occur. This stage poses risks in terms of what the child acquires or learns, as cyber terrorism is considered one of the most dangerous threats a child can face at an early age. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on and study preschool children and the role of kindergartens in protecting them from the dangers of terrorism.
Based on this, the researcher studied the role of kindergartens in protecting children from the dangers of cyber terrorism. To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher constructed two scales: (1) "Educational Upbringing of the Child" and (2) "Cyber Terrorism Affecting the Child". After presenting an open questionnaire to kindergarten teachers to identify the methods of upbringing in kindergartens and the cyber terrorism affecting children, the researcher obtained a set of items comprising 25 items for the "Educational Upbringing" scale and 25 items for the "Cyber Terrorism" scale. The face validity of the items was established by presenting the scale to a group of experts in psychology and early childhood education.
The researcher utilized these scales to collect data and information after presenting an open questionnaire to kindergarten teachers. After extracting the items, the researcher ended up with 25 items for each scale. The study sample consisted of 150 kindergarten teachers. The researcher employed statistical methods, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and the standard deviation, to analyze the data and derive the results. The findings indicated that there is an educational upbringing in kindergartens and no presence of cyber terrorism among children. Furthermore, there is a correlation between educational upbringing and cyber terrorism.

The most important recommendation from the current research is to raise awareness among parents about the dangers of electronic games and children spending long periods on the internet. Strengthening the relationship between the family and the kindergarten is also recommended, rather than limiting education to a single environment. This can be achieved through workshops and seminars to discuss terrorism and ways to protect children from its dangers.
Research Proposals: Conduct a study on the role of kindergarten teachers in detecting undesirable behaviors in children.

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a growing metabolic disease that is expected to affect 693 million people by 2045. Hyperglycemia is associated with defect in ionic metabolism, particularly potassium (K+). The current study aimed to explore correlation between serum potassium levels and hyperglycemia, as well as other complication in patients with T2DM . This study included 100 T2DM patients (50 males and 50 females) , aged 40-75 years . A control groups was matched with patient in both age and numbers of participants . Total serum potassium and fasting serum glucose levels were determined using ready-made solutions for the Quantitative determination of potassium ion (IVD). The results revealed significantly lower serum potassium levels in T2DM patients compared with healthy controls (3.493±0.0389 mmol/L vs. 4.268±0.05 mmol/L; P= 0.0001). Female patients showed significantly lower serum potassium levels than controls (4.236±0.069 mmol/L vs. 3.502±0.065 mmol/L; p= 0.0001).Similarly, male patients exhibited significantly lower serum potassium levels compared with controls (3.484±0.043 mmol/L vs. 4.30±0.073 mmol/L; p=0.0001). Additionally , a strong negative correlation was observed between serum glucose levels and potassium concentration in patients, with a regression value of 0.88 and high statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusion: our finding has explored the a strong negative correlation between elevated glucose levels and decreased in potassium concentration in T2DM patients.

This Paper investigates H.G. Wells' The Invisible Man (1897) through theoretical posthumanism. Drawing on ideas of N. Katherine Hayles' important work, How We Became Posthuman (1999). Griffin's metamorphosis into a highly invisible being exemplifies disentanglement: the stripping of subjectivity from corporeality, which is rendered defective as it is reduced to an informational concept. The novel foreshadows key posthuman themes, such as the degradation of Enlightenment humanism subjectivity, the breakdown of relational and ethical relationships, and the inherent risks of prioritizing cognition and autonomy over corporeal existence. The study examines the themes of disembodiment, scientific hubris, spectral identity, and the repercussions of posthuman transformation to show how Wells attacks the utopian illusion of transcending materiality. Rather than liberation, Griffin's posthuman situation leads to isolation, moral collapse, and the threat of erasure. The research portrays Wells as a forerunner, anticipating current debates on technology, ethics, and the reconfiguration of the human in a period of rapid scientific and cultural progress.

In this work, we propose the Beta-Shifted Power (BSP) generator, a flexible three-parameter family constructed using a shifted-power transformation of an existing baseline model for the generation of new lifetime distributions. The BSP family is formulated theoretically, comprising the probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), reliability measures, and significant structural properties. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of model parameters is derived, and an investigation into small sample properties is conducted via Monte-Carlo simulation. A comprehensive simulation study was conducted using a Weibull baseline, demonstrating that the BSP generator provides stable and consistent parameter estimation as sample size increases. The model successfully resolves identifiability issues found in simpler baseline configurations. The paper concludes with proposed remedies and avenues for future research, such as different settings for the baseline sequence and improved estimation techniques. In summary, the findings highlight that new generator families should be carefully analyzed regarding identifiability conditions.

Mathematics learning among middle school students is very complicated, especially when it involves algebra, as it needs a combination of symbols, formulas, and multi-step procedures. Regarding the Iraqi educational setting, students' performance is generally very low, with many procedural mistakes, which is caused by traditional teaching methods that do not take into account the limitations of students' cognition. This research was designed to investigate the impact of mathematics teaching based on the guidelines of Cognitive Load Theory on reducing mistakes among middle school students. A design-based research approach with a one-group quasi-experiment pre-test/post-test approach was considered for the research. A total of 25 students from the second grade of the middle school, all of whom are female students from Al-Narjis Secondary School for Girls, Wasit Governorate, Iraq, participated in the research. An instructional unit on algebraic expressions and equations, based on cognitive load theory, was created and implemented over a period of four weeks. Data collection methods included a researcher-developed achievement test in mathematics, an error analysis tool, and classroom observation. Results of the quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, effect size, and correlation. Results from this research indicate a significant statistical impact on the achievement of the participants in mathematics following the implementation of this instructional unit (p<.001), as well as a significant decrease in the number of common mistakes made at the level of algebra. Additionally, the participants realized faster problem-solving as well as greater classroom engagement. Greater classroom engagement of participants has a significant positive correlation to achievement at the second test. This research drew a conclusion indicating that a cognitively based instructional process is a powerful factor in impacting positive outcomes for the achievement of middle school mathematics. This research's findings place a great emphasis on cognitively based instructional processes to positively impact mathematics achievement at the national level of Iraq.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes a blue-green phenazine pigment known as pyocyanin, a redox metabolite that has emerged as a promising natural compound with potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties. This study was designed to optimize pyocyanin production conditions from clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and to evaluate its cytotoxic activity against two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB231 and MCF-7. Nutritional and environmental parameters — including carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, temperature, and incubation time — were systematically optimized to maximize pyocyanin yield. Statistical experimental designs based on response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to identify the factors most significantly influencing pigment production. The purified, lyophilized pyocyanin was subsequently assessed for anticancer activity using the MTT assay and morphological examination.
Findings indicated that optimized production conditions yielded significantly higher pyocyanin levels compared to basal media, demonstrating sufficient quantities for potential therapeutic application. Cytotoxicity assays revealed dose-dependent inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation, with both MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cell lines demonstrating sensitivity to pyocyanin treatment. IC₅₀ values were determined, and cell death pathways, including apoptosis and necrosis, were characterized through fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. In conclusion, optimized conditions significantly enhanced pyocyanin production from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purified compound exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, inducing apoptosis and necrosis, suggesting its promising potential as a natural anticancer agent.

Commercial fishing in which fishermen seek to rely on an integrated profit function to optimally control the cost of fishing and revenues from fish sales. Fishing is influenced by the number of fish caught each year. The goal is to maximize fishing returns over 5 years. If there is overfishing (high v), subsequent years' revenues decline, and the fish population does not recover. This control problem boils down to finding the optimal form of extraction to maximize the profit of commercial fishing. Create a mathematical model to solve the problem of economic control of optimal commercial fishing. So we used software to optimize and display the results.

This study will attempt to conduct a comparative analysis of myth and symbolism in The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho and the Iraqi Novel. She-Wolf of Love and Books by Muhsin El Ramli. It will also examine the use of mythic structure and symbolic language in the journey of self-discovery of the protagonists in the Western and the Arabs literary traditions. The research is based on two theories: Joseph Campbell's Hero and the Heroic journey (monotheistic myth) and the paradigm theory proposed by Carl Jung. It examines common symbols by comparing the symbols on the premise of symbolic and paradigm analysis. The two novels meet at the same mystic level in which symbolism is a pattern to build up the identity of the protagonist. Combining the Sufi ideas of the past and the Jungian models, both stories are aimed at criticizing material life and reconstructing the self. They also serve to fill in the gap between the context of the narratives of the Al-Ramli and the Coelho literary traditions through the focus of specificity of the myth criticism and stereotypical transformation to assert that narrative fiction is used to recreate the human experience across the boundaries of cultures. Several suggestions were put forward, and the first was the need to expand the field of comparative research to a wider sample of the Iraqi novelists, and to understand how the theme of trauma and national identity can be overcome with the help of symbolism and myths.
Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative technology across numerous sectors, particularly in medicine. With the rapid advancement in AI tools and their integration into healthcare, there is a growing need for medical students to understand, adapt to, and utilize these technologies effectively. However, gaps in formal education and practical exposure remain significant, particularly in developing countries such as Iraq. This study aims to assess the level of awareness, attitudes, and readiness of undergraduate medical students in Iraq regarding the use of artificial intelligence in medicine. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 461 medical students from various public and private universities in Iraq. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire distributed via student forums and social media platforms. The questionnaire covered demographic information, knowledge and usage of AI, perceived benefits and drawbacks, and preferences for AI education. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software.
The majority of participants (95.2%) reported using AI tools, with ChatGPT being the most widely used. However, only a small percentage had received formal AI training, and most relied on self-learning. A significant number (63.3%) expressed a strong desire for further education in AI, especially in fields like surgery, health data management, and disease diagnosis. Students generally agreed that AI could improve medical education and clinical accuracy, although many raised concerns about ethical issues, data privacy, and the impact of AI on future employment. There was also broad support for integrating AI into the medical curriculum. The study highlights a substantial interest among Iraqi medical students in the application of AI in healthcare, despite limited formal exposure. These findings indicate a critical need for structured AI education within the medical curriculum. Addressing this gap will better prepare future healthcare professionals to responsibly and effectively implement AI tools in clinical practice, contributing to improved patient outcomes and healthcare innovation.