The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
There was on hostility between the Quraysh lin Mecca and the Ansat In Medina Excepts migration when he was stained with bloob on the day the Ansar were victorious at the Battle of Badr and on the day the Quraysh were victrious at the Battle of uhud.
Its flames intensified due to the Arabs share of fanaticism and their. eagerness to avenge the spilled blood and to investigate the defense of violated honor. then this hostility soon took roof in social Life through arguments calls, Poetry, prose and speeches. But after the conguest of Mecca this raging fire between the Quraysh and the Ansar was extinguistred and they apparently destroyed brothers In religion.
In saqifah Bani Saidoh, that coalition over the Caliphate disintegrated where would it be? and for whom would it belong? The Quraysh even the Muhajireen among them and the majority of the Ansar did not adhere to what was stipulated In the pledge of allegiance at Ghadir khumm regarding the guardiaship of Ali Ibn Abe Talib, Peace be upon him, the Cousin of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family.
It is Longer surprsing that thes grudges reappear and sedilion awakens. The ashes that Concealed those grudges disappear, and this continued even during the umayyad era, the fanaticism of the Qurayshrand the fanaticism of the umayyads against the Ansar Intensified, 50 the Arabs returned to the worst of what they had been in their pre-Islamic era of competition and boasting.

Abstract:-
This research explores the evolution of the concept of jinn in Arab culture before and after Islam. Before Islam, belief in jinn was deeply rooted in Arab culture, with myths and legends surrounding their influence on daily life, from bringing luck to causing illnesses and conflicts. These supernatural beings were often associated with magic and sorcery, used to achieve personal desires such as wealth, revenge, or even matters of love. After the advent of Islam, the concept of jinn was redefined from a religious perspective. Jinn were mentioned in the Quran and Hadith, where their nature and roles were clearly outlined. Unlike pre-Islamic views, jinn in Islam are seen as accountable beings, akin to humans, who are subject to the same divine commandments and will be judged on the Day of Judgment. The research also examines the presence of jinn in Islamic literature, with a focus on stories of their repentance and conversion to Islam. These narratives reflect the shift in perception, portraying jinn in line with Islamic teachings. The aim of the research is to highlight this transformation and analyze its impact on Islamic belief and societal views regarding jinn.

Abstract:-
The central issue of this research revolves around how the large presence of Khorasani scholars migrating to Abbasid Baghdad transformed from a social phenomenon based on individual effort into a purposeful collective project aimed at building institutions in a way that redefined the intellectual structure of the capital. While acknowledging the prominent role of the Khorasanis in the scientific sources of that era, analyzing this process is essential for understanding how intellectual institutions were formed in Islamic civilization and the mechanisms by which peripheral centers influenced the central government. To answer this question, the historical mechanisms of the collective action of these migrating scholars were analyzed through an analytical historical approach and a critical analysis of primary sources. The research findings show that the impact of the Khorasani scholars was not limited to individual scientific activities; rather, they played a collective and effective role in shaping and consolidating scientific institutions in Baghdad. By assuming important judicial and administrative positions and managing major educational centers such as the House of Wisdom, and particularly by unifying educational curricula and fostering scholarly consensus among scholars, they transformed knowledge from the level of individual efforts into a cohesive and stable structure. Therefore, the Khorasani migrants were not merely a population movement, but a movement Influential and organized, it played a fundamental role in shaping and establishing science in Baghdad during the Abbasid era.

Abstract:-
The study examines the role of irony and sarcasm in shaping the narrative discourse in the novels “The Image of Joseph” and “The Bookseller’s Murder”, where irony reflects social contradictions in a critical manner, while paradox relies on manipulating meanings. The first section deals with the relationship between irony and sarcasm, while the second section focuses on the role of simile and metaphor in highlighting sarcasm within the texts. The research shows how the two writers used these techniques to add a humorous dimension that carries deep critical connotations. In the end, the study confirms that irony and sarcasm are not merely aesthetic tools, but rather two means of analyzing reality and stimulating critical thinking.

Abstract:-
The issue of legal licenses is one of the important issues that reflects the tolerance of Islamic Sharia and keep pace with human development and keeping pace with human development, as they have so many applications in all aspects of al-Fiqh, nevertheless, we have not found a clear definition or mentioning their provisions in the academic studies and others. So this message was concerned with the licenses - their concept and provisions according to the Imami Fiqh) with defining the concept of the legal license and explaining its provisions. This is done by adopting the inductive and analytical approach.
The study resulted in a set of results, the most important of which was determining the concept of legal license sometimes in the broader sense and other times in the more specific sense, after reviewing and discussing the sayings of jurists, and that its provisions varied between obligation, sometimes and desirability at other times and permissibility at other times. A distinction was also made between legal license, mitigation, permissibility and allowable.

Abstract:-
Literature is an interpreter of the environment, characteristics and habits of people, their thoughts and conditions, their religions and their culture. Likewise, Arabic literature was an interpreter for the Arab nation with everything in it. Religion had a clear and great impact on the literature, just as Arab culture had its own special impact, where we see the poets’ use of the Arabic proverbs inherited from the predecessors, and their use of the sayings of the ancients, their wisdom and their stories. We also see their benefit from the poems of their peers, as we see the imitaion in Arabic poetry between ancient and modern, and the use of images that other poets came out with in their poems. In this research, we will talk about all these influences and their impact on Arabic poetry and in the poetry of Dr. Shaker Al-Tamimi in particular.
Dr. Shaker Al-Tamimi was born in the city of Al-Qasim in the province of Babylon in Iraq in 1957, and obtained a bachelor’s degree from Salah al-Din University in Arabic language in 1984. Then, obtained a master’s degree at the same university in the field of modern literature in 1988, and completed a doctorate from the University of Baghdad in 1995 and his specialization was in literature and ancient criticism and he obtained the professor degree in 2004. He was a member of the Union of Arab Writers and the Union of Iraqi Writers. He issued many collections of poetry, books and studies in the Arabic language, literature and criticism. He held many positions in Iraqi universities, especially the University of Al-Qadisiyah. The doctor died after a conflict with Illness on 24/12/2020.

Abstract:-
Water harvesting techniques have recently taken great importance, especially in the dry and semi-arid areas, of which the study area is one of them. In abundance and for short periods in the form of torrents in the valleys, where a large part of it seeps into the soil or through evaporation and is not utilized, All of these factors contribute to encouraging water harvesting techniques in the study area for the purpose of benefiting from them in various human uses such as agriculture, industry and human uses other, in addition to warding off the dangers of floods and torrential rains.
The study relied on the use of modern technologies for the purpose of determining the appropriate sites for water harvesting, as it relied on the data represented by topographic maps, geological maps, slope maps, digital elevation models, as well as satellite visuals of the American satellite (Landsat8), climatic data, rain intensity, morphometric and hydrological data, and compiling those data in order to reach To the final results based on the outputs of the program (Arc Map10.5).

Abstract:-
Before Islam, the Arabs in the pre-Islamic era relied on the lunar calendar, and the lunar months played a major role in their religious, social and economic life. Among these months, there were four months called the "Sacred Months", namely: Dhu al-Qi'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab. These months were months in which wars and fighting were prohibited according to tribal customs. These months were dedicated to worship and religious activities, as the tribes avoided conflict during them and allocated this period to performing the Hajj rituals in Mecca. The Arabs performed the circumambulation around the Kaaba and offered sacrifices, which made these months an opportunity for spiritual purification and getting closer to the gods. In addition, the sacred months had economic importance, as they provided a period of relative stability among the tribes, allowing trade and communication between different regions. Trade caravans used to take safe routes during these months, which contributed to strengthening trade movement between Mecca and Yemen, as well as between the Hijaz, the Levant and Iraq. These months also represented a period of preparation for expansion or invasion after their expiration, while adhering to customs that prohibit fighting during them. In addition, the months The sanctuary contributes to settling disputes between tribes, as fighting is avoided and disputes are calmed, which ensures peace and social balance. When Islam came, the Holy Quran confirmed the sanctity of the sacred months, and considered them part of the religious rituals in which pilgrimage and obedience are linked, which made them continue as an essential part of Islamic traditions. The sacred months in the pre-Islamic era carried an important religious and economic dimension, as they constituted a basic element in organizing tribal life before Islam.

Abstract:-
This study analyzed the semantic relationship between text and context in the media discourse of Al Arabiya channel regarding the issue of Arab normalization with the Zionist entity.
The researcher employed PDAM (practical discourse analysis method) to understand the text , its contextual framework, and to extract hidden meanings and connotations carried by the linguistic text, as well as how normalization is addressed. Al Arabiya was selected as the study sample for the period from January 1, 2020, to October 1, 2023. The researcher conducted a surface-level analysis of news discourse texts on normalization by carefully reading them to grasp the general content and explicit meanings of the news, analyzed the context in which the normalization discourse was framed, and performed a final analysis of the channel’s normalization-related news to interpret the discourse and derive conclusions.
This study reached a set of findings, the most notable of which were: The sample analyzed by Al Arabiya channel contained a total of 42 news items. Media discourse and attitudes toward normalization in the analysis of Al Arabiya channel's discourse focused on normalization eliminating injustice and the annexation of Palestinian lands, American investment in normalization to gain political support, denouncing the attacking forces, and portraying normalization as a win-win for those who seek it.

Abstract:-
In the Name of God, the most gracious , the most merciful. peace and blessings be upon Muhammad and his family.
The West's interest in translating the Holy Qur'an and studying its science dates back to a history older than the European Renaissance. The first western translation of the Holy Qur'an was made in the Monastery of Cluny in 1143 AD. The aim of this translation ,and the translations that followed it, was to attempt to falsify and distort the meanings of the Holy Qur'an, and to draw a distorted image of the Islamic religion through that. Western translations of the Holy Qur'an continued to appear in different languages, the most prominent and most common of which were the French translations, whose aims varied across successive historical stages, the most prominent of which was the religious and political aim ,and then the colonial aim in the next stage.

Abstract:
This research is based on understanding the historical scientific reality associated with the Shiite educational system and the reflection of the Imamate discourse on this system, which focuses on the duration of the Imamate of the two truthful ones, peace be upon them. This educational system has several dimensions. The research here revolves around its dimension on the educational level of spreading jurisprudence and knowledge towards those who disagree with the doctrine and the details that result from that. Its other dimension revolves around the ideas and beliefs of the extremists and the protection of the rumor from those extremists. Its other dimension revolves around the teaching methods and places of education. Its other dimension revolves around the teachers and students and their role as the people of fatwa and jurisprudence, the people of consensus. The specialty of the companions of the truthful ones was the students of knowledge and learning who would take the narrations and hadiths from the two Imams and spread them among their students and the community to establish a social, cultural and intellectual life free from corruption and far from what is forbidden. Their goal was to spread the narrations about the people of the house. The Shiite scholars who studied under the two truthful ones, peace be upon them, and who graduated from them are among the best companions of the Imams who played a major role in spreading knowledge and hadiths. Among them were those who had consensus, people of fatwa, jurisprudence, hadith and theologians, from whom many narrations were transmitted about the people of the house, and who specialized in Imam al-Baqir and Imam al-Sadiq and narrated many things about their sciences. The most important companions of the truthful ones, peace be upon them.

Abstract:-
The e-learning strategy based on the exploration method is a significant development in modern education, combining the advantages of traditional teaching with the benefits of modern technology. This strategy aims to promote active learning and positive interaction between students and educational content through the use of electronic tools and digital technologies. It relies on giving students the opportunity to explore concepts and information on their own rather than receiving them directly from the instructor, which develops their independence and their ability to think critically and creatively. This method is characterized by its great flexibility, as it can be applied to various subjects and educational levels. It focuses on utilizing e-learning platforms, such as learning management systems (LMS) and interactive applications, to provide a learning environment rich in digital resources and educational activities. Through these platforms, students have access to diverse educational content such as educational videos, simulations, and scientific articles, which encourages them to explore topics independently. The research was divided into two sections. The first was titled "E-learning (its concept, types, and characteristics)," while the second was titled "Discovery Teaching Strategy (its concept, characteristics, and types). The research concluded with a list that highlighted the most important findings.

Abstract:-
This research aims to study the impact of arbitrariness in Islamic law. Arbitrariness is categorically rejected in all areas of religion, whether in interpretation or in the fundamentals and branches of religion. Scholars of interpretation unanimously agree that arbitrary interpretation is invalid, as it leads to logical and scientific problems in understanding Quranic texts. Furthermore, there is no comprehensive and exclusive interpretation of religious texts except that of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), as he received revelation directly from God Almighty. Controversy has arisen in the interpretation of many verses, as they have been interpreted in ways that contradict the meaning for which they were revealed. Therefore, interpretation based on contradiction of the revelation and correct interpretation is considered arbitrary interpretation, affecting the derivation of Islamic rulings and religious beliefs.

Abstract:-
Death has always been one of the most prominent issues occupying a vast space in human thought, as it represents the end of life for everyone living in this world - especially since it is in direct contact with the living. The poet Murtadha Al-Tamimi is a contemporary Iraqi poet , born in the city of Diwaniyah, Iraq , and is known for his patriotic and emotional poetry that reflects the concerns of Iraqi society and its history. In his collection Eighty Tons of Absence , Al-Tamimi writes with "a surgeon’s scalpel," not the pen of a traditional poet. The collection is a cry against oblivion, employing a style that rejects embellishment, relying instead on the intensification of pain and death in images that linger in the mind. This is what we find in Al-Tamimi’s Eighty Tons of Absence—a parallel trajectory to the image of life in nearly all poetry. The lover’s life is contingent upon the beloved’s gaze, held captive by separation and abandonment , while the ascetic’s life is tied to the concept of death , viewing worldly life as a vehicle to a better, everlasting existence. The death of a knight, warrior, or martyr glorifies their heroism and chivalry in life. Thus, death is only spoken of in direct relation to life. Death is twofold: death within life and death after life. If the lover speaks of their own death, the mourner speaks of the death of a loved one, and the ascetic speaks of the death of humanity.

Abstract:-
This research deals with a comparison between the Hajj ritual in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras, focusing on the similarities and differences between them in terms of religion, society and economy. Before Islam, Hajj was a diverse pagan ritual among the tribes, as it was associated with idol worship and offering sacrifices, with special rituals such as naked circumambulation and boasting of lineage. The sacred months provided temporary security, which contributed to the prosperity of trade and major markets such as Ukaz and Dhu al-Majaz. The tribes would gather not only for Hajj, but also to form alliances and practice cultural activities. In return, Islam came to reunify the rituals, so some pre-Islamic practices were forbidden, and Hajj was restored to its monotheistic character, as it became a means of drawing closer to God away from pagan practices. Socially, Hajj before Islam was an occasion to conclude agreements between tribes and boast about lineages, while in Islam it became a means to promote Islamic brotherhood and equality among Muslims. Economically, Mecca benefited from the Hajj seasons as a prominent commercial center, which continued in Islam, but within a disciplined framework that respected Islamic values and prevented unfair commercial exploitation. Quraysh also played a prominent role in managing Hajj affairs before Islam, as they benefited from Mecca's strategic location, but Islam established a new system based on justice and equality in performing rituals. Hajj in pre-Islamic times was a ritual influenced by pagan heritage and tribal interests, while in Islam it turned into a pure worship of God Almighty aimed at achieving piety and strengthening unity among Muslims, with emphasis on the spiritual and social dimension of Hajj in Islam compared to its tribal and economic function in the pre-Islamic era.

Abstract:-
One of the strange phenomena that has afflicted Arab societies, including Iraqi society, is the phenomenon of wife swapping, which is considered one of the acts that conflict with the morals and principles of our Eastern societies and contradicts their Islamic teachings. Due to the seriousness of this phenomenon and its great impact on society, the Iraqi legislator took into consideration the public interest that is being attacked as a basis for criminalizing it when amending the Anti-Prostitution Law. This law, after the amendment, was labeled as criminalizing the phenomenon of homosexuality, based on the legislator’s belief that these acts were not previously criminalized in the Iraqi penal legislation system with effective punitive texts (such as articles that criminalize adultery and incitement to it, prostitution, or incitement to debauchery or immorality). Therefore, the legislator criminalized the act of wife swapping with explicit legal texts that criminalize this act and set a penalty for it. Despite the correct direction of the Iraqi legislator in this direction, its wording is ambiguous on one hand, and legislative deficiency prevails on the other. This prompted us to examine the issue of wife swapping in light of the new amendment to the Anti-Prostitution Law. And homosexuality to achieve the desired goals of scientific research.

Abstract:-
Justice is one of the fundamentals of religion. Justice is the fairness, truth, equality, proportionality and levelness. Justice, as per the law: the straight path, the instrument of the right against tyranny. The fairer: is the balanced person, the truth speaker and the tongue of right. And that justice is: justice with God, justice with self, and justice with people. Right is shown by the indication of the narration of the infallible (al-Ma'asoom), as well as clarifying and showing the truth and justice of God by the indication of the narration of the infallible.

Abstract:-
This research highlights the importance of the actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) and the Imams after him (peace be upon them) in understanding the Quranic texts. The actions of the infallibles, such as the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) invitation to his family during the Mubahala with the Christians of Najran, have a significant impact on the interpretation of the Quranic verses. In this context, "ourselves" refers to Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), "our women" refers to Fatimah al-Zahra (peace be upon her), and "our children" refers to Hasan and Husayn (peace be upon them). This action enhances the understanding of the verses and emphasizes the significance of the actions of the infallible (peace be upon him). Similarly, in the verse of purification, the Prophet (PBUH) highlighted the status of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) by placing them under the cloak, indicating that they are the ones addressed by the verse. In the verse of the completion of religion, the announcement of the leadership of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) at Ghadir Khumm signifies the completion of the religion of Islam and serves as a clear implementation of the verse.

Abstract:-
A stable political environment is important in achieving economic efficiency, increasing growth, and thus achieving economic prosperity.
This study aims to clarify the economic conditions in Turkey under the coalition governments 1996-1999, and clarify the economic program for each government as well as the reasons for the fall of successive governments, the reasons for economic instability throughout the 1990 and the low level of growth, in addition to unemployment, inflation and the rise in foreign debt levels to levels that exceed the ability of the economy to Its potential.

Abstract:-
The study aimed to analyze the extent to which Al-Iraqiya TV contributes to promoting concepts of sustainable economic development by examining its media content and identifying the cognitive frameworks it employs in addressing economic issues. The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology and selected a sample from the economic television programs, specifically the program Dinar broadcast by Al-Iraqiya Satellite Channel. Through content analysis, the researcher reached several findings that reflect the program’s connection to sustainable economic development, including:
1- Economic programs focus on topics that align with audience interests and present them in a simplified manner to facilitate understanding.
2- Due to the complexity of economic information, presenting it in an engaging and appealing style is essential for audience interaction and acceptance.
3- The choice of filming locations plays a key visual role in supporting the media message by illustrating the work environment and reinforcing program concepts.
4- Modern technology is critical to production quality, and its use in filming, editing, and directing significantly affects the program’s impact.
5- The presenter’s appearance, presence, and charisma directly influence viewer engagement and enhance audience receptiveness to the program’s content.

Abstract:-
This research explores the role of Quranic exegesis (tafsir) in shaping the cultural and civilizational identity of the Islamic nation, with a focus on its impact on building the civilizational awareness of future generations. The study examines how tafsir can guide generations towards understanding Islamic values that ensure the continuity of cultural identity amidst contemporary challenges such as globalization and cultural openness. It also highlights how tafsir can be used as a tool to enhance interfaith dialogue and the Islamic nation’s interaction with global civilizational changes. The research relies on a descriptive-analytical methodology, analyzing Quranic evidence and related interpretations, while providing recommendations on how to utilize Quranic exegesis in constructing a modern and sustainable Islamic civilization. The study aims to present a comprehensive vision that demonstrates how Quranic principles can play a pivotal role in shaping cultural and civilizational identity in the contemporary era.

Abstract:-
Belief in the promised savior is a common belief among all divine religions, a belief in the emergence of a reformer in a critical period, when the world is engulfed by oppression and corruption. In the manifest religion of Islam, the discussion of Mahdism and the promised savior has been emphasized a lot, and numerous verses and narrations have been included about it, so that throughout history it has always received special attention from the public mind. The importance of the issue of emergence is not enough, because all the sufferings and problems of humanity depend on the emergence of a savior and justice-seeking individual. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly identify the characteristics and conditions for the emergence of the savior and take the necessary measures to realize it. This research, which was written using a descriptive-analytical method, deals with how the characteristics and conditions for the emergence of the promised savior are realized.

Abstract:-
The research focuses on the status and applications of the teleological vision in contemporary interpretations within the school of the followers of the family of the Prophet (peace be upon them) and the school of the Companions. It examines the educational and social teleological discussions in interpretive research, illuminating the academic objectives in the diverse Qur’anic topics with educational significance. The research endeavours to clarify and monitor the interpretive models that employ the teleological vision in contemporary interpretations, adopting a comprehensive educational and social approach.

Abstract:-
This research aims to shed light on the creation of man and the stages of his development, as described in Surat al-Dahr. This research is based on the interpretive research method of al-Fayd al-Kashani, who has two interpretations of the Holy Quran, one known as Tafsir al-Safi and the other as Tafsir al-Asfa. In them, he discussed the image of creation and the stages of the formation of man after he was nothing mentioned, as stated at the beginning of this noble surah, demonstrating the divine power in creation and formation, in addition to what it included of talking about the perfect man and his characteristics in seeking existential perfection represented by the pleasure of God Almighty and attaining the stations of closeness to Him. It was stated in that (We do not want from you any reward or thanks), and they are addressing those who did good to them with goodness, but they only wanted by that the face of God and His pleasure, so the result was that He gave them instead a paradise and silk. This and other things will become clear to us through this objective interpretive research, according to the descriptive inductive method.

Abstract:-
The phenomenon of rejection is one of the phenomena closely associated with poetry throughout the ages. This rejection may be a rejection of an existing social, economic, or political reality, or it may be a rejection of occupation and injustice. Poets rise up to defend their country by rejecting occupation, employing a variety of means of expressing rejection in their poetry. This research examines the manifestations of rejection in Iraqi Hali poetry, represented by the discourse of resistance, through an analysis of several poetic models from a number of poets. The research first addresses, within its theoretical framework, the concepts upon which it is based: the concepts of rejection and resistance. In its second section, it moves to the analytical aspect, encompassing the poets' means of expressing the phenomenon of rejection through two axes: mobilizing spirits and urging progress, and through their poetic language. This research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that rejection and resistance discourse are inseparable from one another, and that poets have resorted to using poetic language to express this rejection, sometimes through direct discourse and at other times through discourse that suggests rejection.

Abstract:-
Al-Miftāḥ by Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī holds a significant place in Shāfiʿī jurisprudence due to its early composition and the scholarly stature of its author. However, classical legal texts like this require critical editing, verification, annotation, and clarification to ensure their full scholarly benefit. A key part of this process involves determining whether the rulings cited represent the relied-upon (muʿtamad) views of the school, given their impact on legal rulings (fatwā) and practical application. This raises important questions: Do all the positions in al-Miftāḥ reflect the preponderant (rājiḥ) view? If not, how many are non-preponderant (marjūḥ), and why are they included in a text that generally presents relied-upon rulings? To address these questions, this study examines marjūḥ positions in the section on acts of worship, identifying ten such cases. Examples include: disallowing page-turning with a stick without wudū’; restricting Maghrib’s time by a narrow estimate; rejecting seven non-sequential verses as a substitute for al-Fātiḥah; and other rulings that contradict the established Shāfiʿī view. The presence of these views stems from the fact that al-Miftāḥ is an abridgment of al-Ḥāwī al-Ṣaghīr by al-Qazwīnī, from which al-Taftāzānī heavily drew. His methodology favors summarization and stating the rājiḥ without detailing variant views or their evidences. The study employs an inductive-analytical approach, supported by comparative analysis, to examine and evaluate these rulings.

Abstract:-
The rule of caution in bloodshed in jurisprudence is of great importance to the legislator, as one of the most important rules, because for the legislator after Islam, nothing is more important than preserving lives and blood. After explaining the rule, the author considers this rule to be valid only in cases of life and bloodshed, considering the customary emergence of bloodshed in murder. Then, after analyzing and examining the evidence for this rule, such as verses, narrations, reason, the construction of rationality, and consensus, he considers this rule to be an argument and believes that in judicial and substantive doubts due to caution in bloodshed, action must be based on a definite or valid reason.

Abstract:-
Dialogue in the novel plays a pivotal role in embodying language's ability to convey the hidden secrets of the human mind and its intellectual manifestations. It constitutes a vital tool for depicting the emotions and thoughts raging within the characters. The writer skillfully crafts it to reflect the characters' visions and reveal the dynamics of their relationships and the apparent and latent tensions.
It is no secret that the author holds the initiative in shaping the dialogues, whether through direct narration or through the characters he has created and shaped. Dialogue plays a fundamental and essential role in characterizing the character and highlighting their emotional and mental dimensions, making it an effective mechanism in shaping the narrative plot and progressing events. Dialogue language is characterized by a literary style that aligns with the characters' traits and surroundings. Through dialogue, the novelist can present diverse perceptions, enriching the text and enticing the reader to engage with the events. Accordingly, language and dialogue emerge as two essential pillars that reflect the writer's skill in constructing an integrated narrative world that expresses the essence of humanity and reveals the dimensions of the human experience.
"The Seven Crimes of the Crow" by novelist Khaled Amin was published in 2024. It belongs to the world of detective and suspense literature, as its events revolve around a mysterious crime that occurs during New Year's celebrations, upending the fortunes of an entire family. The dialogue in "The Seven Crow Crimes" is written in classical Arabic, giving the text a distinctive literary character. Author Khaled Amin uses a smooth, uncomplicated language, making the dialogue natural and in keeping with the characters and events. We used the descriptive-analytical approach to study the structure of the dialogue in "The Seven Crow Crimes." This approach allows us to accurately describe the dialogue texts, then analyze them to understand their role and function within the novel. The results revealed how the dialogue contributed to shaping and developing the characters throughout the story, and how it was used as a means of driving events and revealing the mystery.

Abstract:-
The people of truth, in every time and place, are the most patient people in their words and beliefs, even if they are afflicted in the process. This is steadfastness in the truth. Steadfastness in the truth has been a characteristic of the people of truth since the dawn of the blessed Islamic call, when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) declared his call and a small number of people responded to him. They were tested, tortured, and their enemies tried to persuade them to abandon their religion, but this only increased their steadfastness and adherence to the truth to which Allah guided them. What we have mentioned about their steadfastness in the truth and their strong adherence to it has been attested to by enemies before friends. Steadfastness in the religion of Allah is an important and serious matter, because it is related to a good ending and to the hearts, which are the foundation. It is also a blessing that Allah bestows upon whomever He wills among His servants. Due to the many temptations and seductions prevalent in our present age, Muslims are in need of what strengthens them in the religion of Allah and their steadfastness in it. Among the greatest means of strengthening a servant in this world are the means derived from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, and the words of the Ahl al-Bayt through The Holy Quran is the word of God Almighty, and He, glory be to Him, owns the hearts. Steadfastness in faith and certainty resides in the heart. The heart is also the seat of ingratitude, hypocrisy, doubt, lusts, and suspicion. The Holy Quran is one of the greatest means of strengthening hearts in faith and certainty during times of turmoil, successive trials, frequent loss of faith, and weak faith among people. In this research, we relied on a descriptive and analytical approach to the research data, relying on an induction of sources to search for interpretive narrations from various Islamic sources, particularly Shia and Sunni.

Abstract:-
"The theory of meaning (maghzā) of the Holy Qur'anic chapters is a topic that has attracted the attention of Qur'anic scholars and exegetes in recent years. The holistic and structural approach to the Qur'anic chapters stems from the belief in the interrelationship and coherence of the verses. In the argumental method, the exegete, relying on the internal and external evidences, discovers the purpose (maqṣad) of a chapter and expresses the quality of their method in interpreting it through a logical style. In this manner, it is possible to prove the descending of the order of the verses, prove the inimitability (iʿjāz) of the Holy Qur'an, resolve interpretative differences, and provide a suitable response to the doubts of Orientalists concerning the dispersion of the verses.
This research, through a descriptive and analytical method, and by collecting information using library research, written and digital exegetical sources, and Holy Qur'anic sciences, discoverd the purpose and structure of Sūrat al-Nisāʾ (The Women Chapter). The results showed that Sūrat al-Nisāʾ consists of twelve contexts (siyāq) distributed across two parts (juzʾ) and several chapter. Although each context has a specific sub-theme, they are all based upon the chapter's main purpose, which is "the importance of observing the divine instructions in life."

Abstract:-
The “Approach of Eloquence” is a rich source of Islamic thought and is considered one of the most prominent texts that reflect the depth of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib's (peace be upon him) personality and his stance on doctrinal issues, especially those related to the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). His sermons, letters, and sayings embody the status of the Ahl al-Bayt in Islamic society and their role in preserving and interpreting the religion. The Imam believes that the doctrinal dimension of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) in Nahj al-Balagha is evident in many places, stating that the Ahl al-Bayt are the natural extension of the message of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family). The Ahl al-Bayt are the trustees of revelation, the essence of the message, and the landing place of angels, as stated in his famous sermon: “They are the repository of his secret, the refuge of his command, the repository of his knowledge, the abode of his judgment, the caves of his books, and the mountains of his religion...” Nahj al-Balagha indicates that knowledge of them is obligatory upon the ummah, and that they are the path to guidance after the Prophet.

Abstract:-
The financial system of local councils in Iraq is one of the essential pillars of the success of administrative decentralization, as it constitutes the basis for enabling these councils to perform their duties and provide public services. However, the fact that this system is subject to central government oversight raises a fundamental problem related to the balance between local financial autonomy and ensuring central oversight. Hence, the importance of this research, which focuses on how the central government supervises local council finances, while analyzing the implications of this for the principle of decentralization enshrined in the Iraqi Constitution of 2005. The research aims to clarify the legal framework regulating local council finances by examining their sources of funding, the mechanisms for preparing local budgets, and their connection to the federal general budget. It then reveals legislative and practical shortcomings, such as weak local revenues and conflicting jurisdictions with the central government. The research also examines forms of central oversight—whether financial, administrative, or judicial—and compares them with relevant constitutional principles to clarify whether such oversight serves as a tool to ensure transparency or restricts local autonomy. The study adopted a descriptive and analytical legal approach, analyzing relevant Iraqi constitutional texts and laws and comparing them with practical reality. Critical analysis was employed to measure the effectiveness of the current financial system. The results concluded that achieving a balance between the independence of local councils and the effectiveness of central oversight requires legislative and institutional reforms that ensure increased local revenues and expanded council financial powers, while maintaining sound oversight based on the principles of legitimacy and transparency.

Abstract:-
A letter of credit is a crucial process in international trade. It's a contract that provides protection for its parties, facilitates their commercial transactions, and fosters trust and security. A buyer of goods from another country can gain confidence in their dealings with the seller by opening a letter of credit at a bank. The bank then disburses the credit amount to the seller, but only after verifying the shipping documents that represent the goods shipped to the buyer. This facilitates transactions for both the buyer and the seller. However, obligations arise for all parties involved in the letter of credit contract: the buyer, the seller, and the bank. This research focuses on the bank's obligations in a letter of credit, specifically its obligations towards the seller and the buyer. To the buyer (the instructing party, or issuer of the letter of credit), the bank is obligated to open the letter of credit and notify the seller (the beneficiary). It also receives specific documents from the seller, examines them, and then forwards them to the buyer, enabling them to receive their goods. Furthermore, the bank must execute all instructions from the instructing party verbatim, without interpretation or alteration. To the seller (the beneficiary), the bank's obligation is to pay the credit amount after examining the submitted documents and verifying their apparent conformity. With the letter of credit.

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The following article, titled Comparative Study of Narrations of Nafs-e-Zakiyyah in the Sources of the Sects, seeks to investigate and answer the question of how Nafs-e-Zakiyyah is depicted in the narrations and what are the common and divergent points in the narrations of the Sects about her? This article, using a library method, has examined the most important topics of the narrations in a comparative manner and presented a clear picture of Nafs-e-Zakiyyah and has concluded that the narrations of the Sects about Nafs-e-Zakiyyah in matters such as its certainty and its indication, the title of Nafs-e-Zakiyyah, and her martyrdom in Mecca are close to each other and do not have many differences in content, but the content of the narrations of the Sects about her real name and the time of her martyrdom are different and in some cases nothing has been mentioned in the Sunni sources.

Abstract:-
The attainment of God's vast mercy, encompassing both specific and general mercy, has always been one of the fundamental expectations of God-believing humans throughout history. The realization of divine mercy on both individual and collective levels requires the acquisition of certain qualifications, which are mentioned in the Holy Qur'an through specific commandments and guidelines. Therefore, identifying and formulating these directives in a scientific study is essential to fully analyze the process of achieving a society that is encompassed by divine mercy. The primary objective of this study, conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, is to explore Qur'anic strategies for qualifying society to attain the mercy of Almighty God. In this research, verses in which the concept of "mercy" is presented as an ideal state are analyzed and interpreted. The findings indicate that Qur'anic commandments such as obedience to God and His Messenger (PBUH), establishing prayer, giving zakat, seeking forgiveness, reconciliation among people, observing divine limits, and listening to the recitation of the Qur'an in silence are among the most significant factors in creating the necessary conditions for a society to benefit from divine mercy. These commandments, at both individual and societal levels, contribute to the formation of a qualified society that is encompassed by divine mercy.