Research and Islamic Studies Journal

This analytical study aims to scrutinize the underlying semantic structure of the morphological views of Al-Zajjaj as preserved in Al-Murtada Al-Zabidi’s encyclopedic lexicon, Taj al-Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus. The research is predicated on a central hypothesis that morphological choices are not merely silent paradigms or formal phonetic adjustments; rather, they are structural constructs laden with semantic potentials that actively direct lexical interpretation and shape cognitive dimensions. To achieve this objective, the study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, systematically extrapolating the morphological opinions attributed to Al-Zajjaj, categorizing them according to their semantic correlations, and analyzing them within the specific lexical contexts deployed by Al-Zabidi.
The research architecture is divided into fundamental axes:the first traces etymological origins and their relationship to semantic expansion, while the second focuses on the interplay of morphological inflections—such as augmentation, alternation, and weak-letter transformation—and their direct impact on shifting core meanings or generating peripheral nuances. The findings demonstrate that Al-Zajjaj’s morphological insights constitute an integrated linguistic vision that organically links the phonetic structure of a word to its semantic reality. The study reveals that morphological modification serves a vital function in resolving semantic ambiguity among homonyms and clarifying subtle distinctions between synonyms. Furthermore, the research unveils Al-Zabidi’s superb methodology in utilizing Al-Zajjaj’s views to construct a cohesive interpretative framework, thereby transforming morphology in Taj al-Arus into a foundational tool for meaning production rather than isolated normative rules. The study concludes with a recommendation to re-evaluate the morphological heritage in Arabic lexicons through a contextual-semantic lens that captures linguistic dynamism.

This study aims to examine the impact of events that occurred in Islamic countries on jurisprudential texts. It focuses on how certain incidents led to the inclusion of new issues or terminologies within these texts, which were subsequently addressed and elaborated upon by jurists, including the legal rulings and the context or causes of the events themselves.

" This research aims to elucidate the Islamic methodology in preparing the community of believers by avoiding the nullifiers and diminishers of faith (Iman), in accordance with the criteria set by the righteous predecessors (Al-Salaf al-Salih), without negligence or extremism. The research problem lies in identifying and addressing the intellectual and behavioral disorientation resulting from the lack of understanding of these core principles, as well as examining their worldly and otherworldly rulings. To achieve these objectives, the researcher employed inductive, analytical, and deductive methodologies to track and analyze relevant Quranic verses and Prophetic Hadiths. The study concluded with several key findings, most notably: that the comprehension of the nullifiers and diminishers of faith constitutes an impenetrable fortress safeguarding the Ummah’s identity. Furthermore, avoiding nullifiers is a prerequisite for the validity of the core of faith, while avoiding diminishers is a prerequisite for its obligatory perfection, rendering this knowledge an individual obligation (Wajib 'Ayn) upon every Muslim to preserve their faith and steadfastness.

The research concluded that the June 1967 setback did not lead to the collapse of the idea of Afro-Asian solidarity as much as it prompted a profound reconsideration of its intellectual and political foundations. The discourse consequently shifted from emphasizing broad unifying slogans toward adopting a more pragmatic vision that linked political liberation with economic development, as well as diplomatic and media engagement. The study further demonstrated that Al-Siyassa Al-Dawliya journal played a significant role in shaping this transformation through its critical interpretations of the defeat, its linkage of the Palestinian cause with liberation movements in Asia and Africa, and its emphasis on viewing the conflict with Israel as part of a broader struggle against colonialism and international domination. Moreover, the study revealed that the Afro-Asian Peoples’ Solidarity Organization assumed an important role in internationalizing the Palestinian issue and mobilizing political and media support for it within the United Nations and other international organizations, despite the challenges imposed by Cold War polarizations and the divergence of interests among member states. Accordingly, the research argues that the post-setback period witnessed a redefinition of the concept of Afro-Asian solidarity, reflecting a broader transformation in the thought of liberation movements across the Third World during the second half of the twentieth century.

This study presents a rigorous academic critical edition of a theological treatise on the divine attribute of Takwīn (Creative Agency), authored by the Ḥanafī scholar Yūsuf ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazzī al-Madanī (d. 1291 AH), a work that addresses one of the most contested issues in Islamic speculative theology, namely the debate between the Māturīdī and Ashʿarī schools over whether Takwīn constitutes a distinct eternal divine attribute beyond the seven well-known attributes or is reducible to Power and Will, with the author defending the Māturīdī position through Quranic evidence, chiefly the verse "His command, when He wills a thing, is only to say to it: Be! and it is" (Yāsīn: 82), supplemented by rational and jurisprudential arguments; the edition is based on two manuscript copies designated (A) and (B), with (A) adopted as the base text while (B) serves for comparison and variant documentation, revealing that (B) contains serious scribal corruptions such as yanṣāq al-nahy for yansāq al-dhihn, while (A) exhibits its own lacunae including the corruption of azaliyya into adhaliyya and a full-paragraph duplication in (B) indicating a probable disorder in its foliation, making this edition a valuable scholarly contribution to the field of Ḥanafī theological manuscript studies.

his study presents a critical edition and analysis of the manuscript entitled "The First Part of Abu Abdullah Al-Qattan's Socholarly Benefits from His Teachers (d. 344 AH)". The manuscript is of great importance to the field of Hadith studies, as the author records, through his own chains of transmission (Isnad), a collection of Prophetic traditions containing unique transmission features and rare narrations worthy of scholarly editing and publication for researchers interested in the Islamic heritage.
Every effort was made to transcribe and verify the text, particularly since the work survives in a single known manuscript copy, and no other copy could be located. The edition follows a concise approach, avoiding excessive annotation so that the footnotes do not distract from the primary objective of presenting the text clearly and accurately.
The study begins with a biographical account of the author, Abu Abdullah al-Husayn ibn Yahya ibn Ayyash al-Qattan, covering his name, title, lineage, birth, teachers, students, and death. It is followed by an introduction to the manuscript, including a description of the extant manuscript copy and evidence supporting its attribution to the author. The study concludes with a summary of the main findings and a bibliography of the sources and references consulted. The manuscript contains a total of 118 hadiths.

Pragmatics is considered one of the most influential approaches that has guided linguistic and philosophical studies toward emphasizing language use, context, and the roles of the speaker and addressee in meaning construction. The Arab-Islamic intellectual tradition, particularly heritage discourse, represents a significant field for demonstrating this perspective, as it goes beyond the study of abstract linguistic structures to focus on the interpretation of meaning, communication, and interaction within the pragmatic domain. The Moroccan philosopher Taha Abderrahman stands out as a prominent thinker who established a pragmatic framework for analyzing Arab-Islamic discourse from within, linking language with creed and knowledge, and defining the essential components and mechanisms of the pragmatic domain in achieving effective communication and influence. This study aims to explore the impact of pragmatics on building contextual meaning and the structural regulation of texts, through analyzing the role of context, intentionality, and action in activating meaning. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical method, tracing Abderrahman’s mechanisms in his book "Spirit of Modernity", such as debate, objection, behavioral cultivation, and connecting speech with action, as tools for producing coherent and effective discourse. The study concludes that Abderrahman’s pragmatic approach revitalizes the functional and practical dimension of discourse, linking text to ethical and cognitive reality, making language a tool for communication and civilizational impact rather than a mere formal system. The findings also demonstrate that contextual meaning emerges from the harmony of the three pillars of the pragmatic domain—language, creed, and knowledge—with the context, reflecting the ability of pragmatics to guide thought and action and achieve the civilizational effectiveness of discourse.

This research deals with an analytical study of the administrative and financial systems in the Umayyad state during the reign of Caliph Abdul Malik ibn Marwan (65-86 Ah). In this research, I did not want to just recount fleeting historical events, but sought to investigate a landmark moment in the life of the Umayyad state; the moment when Caliph Abdul Malik ibn Marwan decided to give the state its "own identity" through the policy of Arabization. Through this paper, I am trying to answer a fundamental question: How did the Arabic language turn from the language of religion and Fatah into the language of management and economics

Water is one of the most prominent and profound poetic symbols used by poets in their poems, suggesting significant artistic and aesthetic meanings. Water is associated with life, survival, fluidity, birth, fertility, and the ability to change. It appears in the poetry of Hasab Al-Sheikh Jaafar in multiple forms, encompassing his emotional transformations and shifts in feeling, sentiment, and spirituality. Water forms the central nucleus of his inspiration, stemming from his birth in the embrace of the Marshes of Peace, in a rural environment in Maysan. This birth nourished his imagination with various forms of imagery. The theme of water in the poetry of Hasab Al-Sheikh Jaafar is of utmost importance. Given his vast poetic output and the symbolism it embodies, representing life and renewal, water holds a constant, awakened memory for him. He left his village at the age of eighteen and went directly to Russia, a land of harsh cold. From this profound contrast, springs of creativity gushed forth. This transitional phase had a profound impact on his life. He depicted water in all its details, from the smallest to the most deeply affecting, presenting vivid and realistic images to the reader. These images are imbued with a terrifying amount of melancholy, longing, and burning yearning for his homeland in general, and for his village, embraced by water on all sides, in particular. His memory preserved images of the village and the freely flowing water, forming an impenetrable barrier against his exile in a land of bitter cold that seemed to confine the water and turn it to ice. Upon delving into most of his poetry collections, we find him eschewing harsh, rough language, embracing instead gentle, soothing words that bring comfort to the reader

Cybercrime represents one of the most pressing challenges confronting contemporary societies, with profound ethical, legal, and economic implications for individuals and institutions alike. Addressing such crimes poses a significant challenge for Islamic jurisprudence, which has not historically encountered modern technological offenses, as well as for modern national legislation such as Iraqi law. This study aims to provide an applied jurisprudential analysis that examines cybercrimes from the perspective of Shariah, alongside a comparative assessment of Iraqi legislation. The research identifies the nature and typologies of digital crimes and derives relevant Shariah rulings, including the impermissibility of espionage, defamation, online fraud, and data theft. Employing an analytical-comparative methodology, the study integrates a review of primary Shariah sources—the Qur’an, Sunnah, and juristic opinions—with a systematic examination of modern Iraqi cybercrime laws. The research further seeks to formulate practical guidelines and recommendations for judicial authorities and Shariah institutions in addressing digital cases, emphasizing a balance between protecting individual rights and serving the public interest. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of constructing a contemporary jurisprudential framework capable of accommodating technological advancements while ensuring the practical application of Shariah principles in conjunction with national legislation, thereby safeguarding society and individuals from informational risks while upholding justice and fundamental legal rights.

All praise is due to God, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his companions.
This study offers a critical edition and analytical examination of the work of ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm ibn Luṭf Allāh al-Rūmī al-ʿUthmānī (d. 1051 AH), widely known as the Judge of Bosnia. The work focuses on resolving complex and problematic passages in Al-Mutawwal, the well-known commentary on Talkhīs al-Maʿānī wa al-Bayān within the discipline of Arabic rhetoric.
The research is divided into two principal parts. The first part comprises the introductory study, which addresses the rationale behind selecting the topic, its scholarly significance, and the structure of the research. It further includes a concise biographical account of the author, alongside a codicological description and verification of the manuscript, as well as a detailed explanation of the editorial methodology adopted in preparing the text for publication.
The second part presents the critically edited text, in which al-Rūmī systematically engages with and elucidates intricate rhetorical issues. His approach is grounded in a close engagement with authoritative sources in the field, most notably al-Taftazānī’s Al-Mutawwal, the marginal glosses of Ḥasan Chalabī, and al-Sakkākī’s Miftāḥ al-ʿUlūm, among other foundational works.
In addition, al-Rūmī articulates a tripartite classification of eloquence. He identifies the highest level as the domain of inimitable divine discourse, the intermediate level as refined human expression approximating this ideal, and the lowest level as a form of speech that, while comparatively weak, remains within the bounds of eloquence insofar as it is distinguishable from non-articulate sounds. Nevertheless, this latter level remains susceptible to challenge and does not attain the status of inimitability.

This study develops a stylistic analytical framework centered on the structure of verbal sentences in the poetry of Helmi Salem, aiming to examine how these syntactic structures generate semantic, phonetic, and narrative meanings within the context of contemporary Egyptian poetry. The study addresses the limited scholarly attention devoted to the grammatical structure of verbal sentences as a fundamental component in shaping semantic movement and the textual voice, particularly in the works of a poet whose writings combine modernist aesthetics with social and political concerns. The significance of the study lies in demonstrating that the analysis of verbal sentence structures provides a deeper understanding of the interaction among core grammatical constituents—namely the subject, direct object, adverbial object, circumstantial accusative (ḥāl), and adverb of time and place—and their role in constructing events and guiding critical interpretation. The research seeks to identify recurring and distinctive structural patterns in Helmi Salem’s poetry and to clarify the contribution of these grammatical elements to meaning-making through a functional grammatical approach that integrates linguistic form with literary content. Employing a descriptive-analytical structural methodology, the study analyzes a selected corpus of poems from different periods of the poet’s career, illustrating how the verb functions as the driving force of events and generates spatiotemporal tension. The analysis is grounded in Functional Grammar and contemporary literary criticism. The findings reveal that the structure of the verbal sentence constitutes a central mechanism for producing movement and meaning, as the syntactic relationship among the subject, direct object, adverbial object, and circumstantial expressions directs the progression of events and creates spatiotemporal dynamics that enrich critical interpretation. Furthermore, the placement of these grammatical constituents adds multiple semantic layers, shaping the impact of the verbal action on both the physical and conceptual levels while offering broader interpretive perspectives on the relationship between the poetic subject and the social and political realities reflected in the poems.

The Salam contract is among the oldest contracts in Islamic jurisprudence and remains continually relevant. It serves as one of the manifestations of Islamic law's principles of facilitation and the removal of hardship, as granted by Allah, the Exalted, to this Ummah. Despite the emergence of a vast and increasingly complex network of contemporary financial transactions, the Salam contract continues to play a significant role in many modern financial dealings.
With the diversification, expansion, and growing complexity of commercial transactions, many classical contractssuch as Salam and Istisnaʿhave undergone substantial practical transformations, often retaining little more than their original names. This necessitates identifying the contemporary forms of these transactions, clarifying their legal rulings, and providing their appropriate juristic characterization (fiqh adaptation). Such an approach ensures that these transactions remain consistent with the foundational principles andobjectives of Islamic law.
We ask Allah, the Almighty, to grant success and guidance in this endeavor.

Arkoun’s thought on exegesis (Tafsir) represents a deconstructive surgical scalpel aimed at destabilizing the "sacrosanctity of traditional interpretations" rather than the text itself, by subjecting them to historical and social critique. Scientifically and doctrinally, he is criticized for superimposing Western methodologies (such as deconstruction and linguistics) onto the Quran, which dissolves the divinity of revelation and reduces it to a mere "cultural product" subject to relativity and interpretive fluidity. The flaw in his project lies in its epistemological nihilism; while he excels at dismantling ancient mechanisms and exposing their stagnation, he fails to provide an alternative interpretive framework that builds faith or guides behavior. For the contemporary Muslim, his utility lies in stimulating the critical mind to sift through human readings of heritage, without accepting his conclusions that clash with the immutable constants of Islam. In short, Arkoun is read to benefit from his clever methodological questions, not to adopt his answers and a philosophy that negates the uniqueness of the transcendent Divine Revelation.

This study presents a collection and analytical examination of selected narrations of Abān ibn Abī ʿAyyāsh that were classified as muʿallal in Kitāb al-ʿIlal by Ibn Abī Ḥātim. The research includes a discussion of his scholarly biography and an analysis of his muʿallal narrations through collecting the various transmission chains of the aḥādīth and examining the statements of the scholars. The study relies on the classical works of kutub al-rijāl, al-ʿilal, al-suʾālāt, and al-afrād in order to evaluate the ḥadīth and compare the findings with the preferences of Abū Ḥātim in Kitāb al-ʿIlal.

This study examines the features of a theory of tazkiyah in Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Bouti's commentary on al-Hikam al-'Ata'iyyah. It does not treat tazkiyah as scattered moral exhortations, but as a conceptual structure grounded in revelation, spiritual jurisprudence, and the maqam of ihsan. The study proceeds from a cautious premise: al-Bouti did not formulate a complete modern theory of tazkiyah, yet his commentary contains recurring theoretical elements that can be extracted, organized, and critically assessed.
The research applies an analytical-critical method, supported by an inductive reading of al-Bouti's commentary and an usuli approach that relates its concepts to the Qur'an, the Prophetic Sunnah, and the Sunni tradition of spiritual discipline. The analysis classifies the extracted concepts into major axes, including tawhid, the heart, action, intention, self-discipline, remembrance, companionship, and the critique of spiritual pretension. The study concludes that al-Bouti's commentary contributes to tazkiyah at three levels: a foundational level that relates purification to servanthood and ihsan, an educational level that turns aphorisms into principles of inner reform, and a critical level that challenges the separation between outward religiosity and inward realization. The study also argues that al-Bouti's project remains in need of further conceptual systematization and comparative analysis if it is to function as an independent educational theory.

This research provides a semantic and lexicological study of clothing terminology in Ibn Manzhur's dictionary, Lisan al-Arab. The study aims to gather these terms and categorize them into their sub-semantic fields, revealing the lexical diversity associated with Arab attire. Furthermore, the research investigates and analyzes the mechanisms adopted by Ibn Manzhur to interpret these terms, including interpretation through synonyms, function, material, and linguistic derivation. The significance of this research lies in highlighting the lexicographical precision of Arabic dictionaries and the intersection between language and the material culture of the ancient Arab society.

This research analyzes prophetic Hadiths regarding employee trustworthiness to ground professional responsibility and criminalize administrative corruption. The study deconstructs texts to clarify dimensions of financial integrity, prohibiting disguised bribery like workers' gifts, and protecting precise job resources. It concludes by defining positive executive performance based on flexible handling, a cheerful countenance, and facilitating public transactions. The significance lies in providing infallible prophetic solutions that address contemporary management dilemmas and ensure institutional stability

The phenomenon of linguistic hybridization in the experience of the Iraqi poet Muwafaq Muhammad stands out as a distinct and unique stylistic attribute, where he masterfully blends the solemnity of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) with the spontaneity of the spoken dialect (Iraqi colloquial). Far from being a mere linguistic simplification, this contrast functions as a deliberate artistic strategy aimed at breaking stereotypes and shattering the conventional decorum of the Arabic poem. By doing so, he bridges the gap between poetry and the daily struggles and pains of ordinary people, seamlessly weaving paradox and sarcasm into the textual fabric.
The poet strategically employs MSA to evoke the idealistic or the historical, only to shock the reader with a colloquial word that abruptly drags the text back to a bitter reality—a technique central to his deployment of black humor. Furthermore, Muwafaq Muhammad’s poetry is characterized by polyphony (multi-voicedness), transforming the poem into an arena of dramatic conflict wherein MSA embodies the voice of authority or sermonizing, while the vernacular channels the voice of the marginalized and oppressed human being, thereby reinforcing the text's humanistic core. The spoken dialect in his poetry acts as an emotional bridge, shifting the text from the realm of abstract thought to honest feeling intimately bound to spatial identity, taking the city of Hilla as a prime paradigm.
Consequently, the study concludes that Muwafaq Muhammad has successfully harnessed linguistic contrast as a potent tool for political and social protest, effectively transforming the poem from an elitist text into a populist outcry that poignantly blends laughter with tears.

This research analytically examines one of the most significant contemporary issues in digital finance: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). It aims to untangle the conceptual overlap between these assets and fungible cryptocurrencies, highlighting the unique nature of (NFTs) as distinct, indivisible digital assets. The study addresses the Islamic jurisprudential (Fiqhi) characterization of these assets, assessing their alignment with the conditions of \"recognized wealth\" (Mal Mutaqawwam). It further explores the realization of \"constructive possession\" (Al-Qabd al-Hukmi) within virtual environments and the role of smart contracts in transferring ownership. The research concludes with detailed Zakat rulings, categorizing (NFTs) based on the owner\'s intent into trade goods, personal collections, and yield-generating rights. The study concludes that (NFTs) constitute recognized wealth when associated with lawful utility, possession is achieved through digital enablement via cryptographic keys, and they are subject to trade-goods Zakat under specific conditions.

This research aims to examine Al-Sirafi’s responses to earlier grammarians as a prominent critical phenomenon in the Arabic grammatical heritage, while revealing the methodological foundations he relied upon in discussing grammatical opinions and preferring some over others. The study begins from a central problem represented in the scarcity of studies that address Al-Sirafi’s critical dimension in a precise analytical manner, which necessitated re-reading his views within their scientific and historical context. The research adopts the descriptive-analytical method based on the induction of grammatical texts in Al-Sirafi’s works and various grammatical sources, followed by their analysis to extract the methodological and intellectual features of his responses. The study concludes that Al-Sirafi was not merely a commentator on earlier grammarians’ views, but rather a critic and analyst who sought to evaluate grammatical rules according to standards based on linguistic evidence from the Holy Qur’an, Arabic poetry, and the speech of eloquent Arabs, in addition to his use of rational analogy in preferring certain opinions. The findings also show that his responses covered important grammatical issues such as governance (ʿāmil), analogy (qiyās), causation (taʿlīl), and disagreements between Basran and Kufan schools, where his stance was generally characterized by objectivity with a tendency toward what he considered closer to eloquence and correct Arabic usage. The research concludes that Al-Sirafi’s responses contributed to the development of grammatical thought and enriched the critical movement in Arabic linguistic studies, making their study essential for understanding the evolution of Arabic grammar and its critical methodologies across ages.

From the subject of the research tagged with (expansion of the meanings of the Prophet novel in the book Al-Kawakeb Darari in the explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari by Shams Al-Din Al-Kirmani d. 786 AH) has received the hadith of the Prophet (the attention of scholars, we died and support; because it represents the second source of legislation, as it is inspired by God in its meaning, and its words from the pronunciation of the most articulate of all mankind, so the efforts of scientists focused on explaining the hadith and extracting what it contains of legal provisions, divine guidance, and educational sermons that evaluate the crooked, and guide the lost, but the hadith of the Prophet is in abundance Linguistic studies that dealt with it, it needs deep expressive studies concerned with the statement of its secrets, and nice stylistic gestures, and extract what it has of the characteristics of its advantage from the words of humans, as it is a speech that transcends the human soul, and takes into account the situation and the circumstances surrounding the verbal event, and behind it lie secrets, minutes, and subtleties, raise wonder, and stop the connoisseur, and leave no doubt in the soul that this speech - although its words are human - rose from the words of human eloquents, and poison from the words of the rhetoricians of people.

The current research aims to identify the effect of using the issue inquiry strategy in developing life skills among fifth-grade primary school students in the subject of Islamic education. The researcher adopted the experimental method because it is suitable for the nature of the study and its objectives. The research population consisted of fifth-grade primary school students in the schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Babylon - Al-Musayyib Education Department for the academic year (2025-2026), and their number amounted to (3895) students distributed over (46) schools. The research sample amounted to (71) students distributed over two groups, with (36) in the experimental group and (35) in the control group. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared a scale for life skills that included three main areas: social communication, time management, and health and personal hygiene. The validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed using appropriate statistical methods. After the completion of the experiment, the test was administered, and the results showed statistically significant differences between the average scores of the students in the post-test in favor of the experimental group, as the arithmetic mean of the experimental group was (69.35), while the arithmetic mean of the control group was (57.94). The results also showed a clear improvement between the pre- and post-tests for the members of the experimental group. Based on this, the researcher recommended the necessity of using the strategy in teaching Islamic education, given its important role in improving their life skills.

This study examines the hadiths containing the term “Seventy” and its multiples in Sahih Muslim through an analytical approach. It aims to identify their linguistic, legal, and rhetorical implications and to determine whether the number is intended literally or figuratively according to the context of each hadith. The research adopts an inductive method to collect the relevant narrations and an analytical method to examine their wording, classical commentaries, and scholarly interpretations. It also includes hadith authentication, explanations of unfamiliar terms, and the extraction of theological, jurisprudential, and educational benefits. The study concludes that the term “Seventy” appears in various contexts, including creed, acts of worship, the events of the Hereafter, Paradise and Hell, and virtues. Its meaning varies according to contextual indicators, sometimes referring to the actual number and at other times expressing abundance, emphasis, or magnification. The research highlights the precision of the Prophetic style in employing numerical expressions to convey educational, spiritual, and legislative meanings and recommends further thematic studies on other numerical expressions in the Prophetic Sunnah.

The purified Prophetic Sunnah stands as the second source of Islamic legislation. God appointed eminent critics to safeguard the faith through rigorous methodological principles, embodied in the science of *‘ilal al-hadith* (the study of subtle defects in hadith). The book *Al-Tamyiz* by Imam Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj stands out as a cornerstone among early applied treatises that established the principles of practical criticism and the meticulous scrutiny of narrations.
The research addresses the task of refuting a long-standing Orientalist claim—advanced by scholars such as Goldziher, Schacht, and Caetani—which alleges that the methodology of Hadith scholars lacked substantive criticism of the text (*matn*) and was confined merely to the formal aspects of the chain of transmission (*isnad*). To achieve this objective, the study employs an inductive-analytical approach, selecting case studies from the book *al-Tamyiz*—specifically those instances where the critique (*i‘lal*) focused on the text itself—and analyzing them in light of the established methodologies of the great masters of Hadith criticism.
The significance of this research lies in highlighting the meticulous attention scholars of Hadith devoted to the criticism of the *matn* (text) of the Hadith. It demonstrates how they utilized criteria such as verbal inconsistency, semantic irregularity, additions, and interpolations—among others—as definitive grounds for identifying defects in narrations. The study reaches key conclusions, most notably: establishing that the critical analysis of the Hadith text—in all its aspects, whether verbal or semantic—was an authentic practice among Hadith scholars centuries before the emergence of modern objections; and providing decisive empirical evidence that refutes contemporary challenges regarding the recording and critical evaluation of the Sunnah.

This research was in the Narratins of Umarah bin Ghaziyyah,, Which were highlighted by the differences in the reasons for ad-Darqutni. I made a brief introduction to lmam Umarah bin Ghaziyyah, and to lmam Al-Daraqutni and his book Al-Ilal. Then l collected the hadiths in which Al-Darqutni explained the difference occuming between their narrators to Abu Baker ibn Ayyash, and I considered it preferable. One of the aspects of it,as Al-Darqutni favortni one of the aspects in most of them by saying, and it is the correct one, or ot is the preserved one, or the clarifies the correct one by saying in the other way it is an illusion and the methods of the hadiths that hereferred to came out, then studying those with whom there was disagreement and the nanators who they narraied from him then l compared the words of ak-Darqutni and the critics who preceded him to arrive at the more correct opinion extracting the evidence that he relied on in his argumenls and concluding it with the most important results that l reached theough this research

Praise be to God, who is still All-Knowing, All-Aware, and may God’s blessings and peace be upon our master Muhammad, who sent to all people a good news and a warner, and upon the family of Muhammad and his companions, and peace be upon him abundantly. The book Al-Modawana fi Fiqh is from the scholarly heritage, as it is considered a huge jurisprudential wealth left behind by Imam Malik, may God have mercy on him. The position of Imam Malik in front of Dar Al-Hijrah is not hidden. So I chose to contribute to this great heritage through my research. I divided the research into three sections. The first topic: a study of the author's life. And there are two requirements. The first requirement included: his name, lineage, nickname, surname, birth, children and death. The second requirement included his sheikhs, students, writings, and the praise of scholars for him. The second requirement included two requirements, the first requirement was the name of the book, the reason for its authorship and its importance, and the second requirement was the author’s approach to writing. As for the third topic, it contained two demands. The first topic: the issues that Imam Malik did not like in the light of the blog book in the first Hajj book. The second requirement: the issues that Imam Malik did not like in the light of the blog book in the second Hajj book. Then the conclusion and a list of sources and references.

The esteemed scholars have pointed out the words used for \'path\' and highlighted the differences in their meanings in their writings. Some of them mentioned them when discussing a linguistic matter, and others dedicated a chapter to them. They distinguished between the words \'ṭarīq\' (path), \'sabīl\' (way), \'shāriʿ\' (street), and \'ṣirāṭ\' (path of guidance), and so on. They indicated that the use of \'ṭarīq\' differs from \'sabīl\', and both differ from \'shāriʿ\', and all differ from \'ṣirāṭ\', and so forth. This study is entitled \'The Semantic Gradation of the Words for Path in Quranic Usage\', presenting and documenting these notes and indications mentioned by the scholars regarding those that appear in the Quran.
I used the term (semantic gradation) in studying these words to show the semantic differences in their usage within the Quranic text. The results of this study varied in terms of gradation, from the rare use of some words for \'path\' to the frequent use of others, and in terms of their application to good and evil, vastness and narrowness, straightness and crookedness, and other aspects that the dear reader will find throughout this research.

This study examines the triliteral root verb in the dialect of the Yathrib tribes as a linguistic phenomenon that reflects an interplay between the structure of Classical Arabic and dialectal transformations. It focuses on analyzing these verbs from phonological, morphological, and semantic perspectives, taking the third verb pattern as an applied model for the study. The research aims to identify the phonetic features that characterize the pronunciation of triliteral root verbs in this dialect, as well as the changes they undergo, such as substitution, deletion, and vowel modification. It also seeks to clarify the most common morphological patterns and the extent to which they correspond to or differ from their counterparts in Classical Arabic. Furthermore, the study traces the meanings carried by these verbs within the dialectal context and explores how they are influenced by everyday and cultural usage. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to documenting local Arabic dialects and linking them to their Classical origins, as well as enriching applied linguistic studies in the field of dialectology. The research problem stems from the scarcity of specialized studies that provide a comprehensive analysis of the triliteral root verb in the dialect of the Yathrib tribes, raising questions about the nature of the phonological, morphological, and semantic changes affecting it. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach by collecting linguistic data from actual usage and analyzing it. It is expected to conclude that these verbs are governed by a distinct phonological and morphological system while retaining Classical roots, and it recommends expanding dialect studies and connecting them with comparative Arabic linguistic research.

This research examines the impact of exegetical orientation mechanisms and the methodologies of Quranic commentators on determining the structural meaning of the Quranic text. It tests these approaches through case studies of verses addressing the objectives of societal construction in the Holy Quran. The study’s exegetical significance lies in grounding precise principles for preferring one interpretation over another, highlighting the dynamic value of Quranic linguistic structure and context, and demonstrating how commentators' methodologies are employed to derive Quranic solutions for societal ills—thereby enhancing the flexibility of the jurisprudence regarding stewardship (*istikhlaf*) and nation-building.

One of the first consultations of the Messenger of Allah () for his wives is his consultation for his wife Khadija (May Allah be pleased with her) when the revelation came to him in the cave of Hira in the mountain, so he read it as Allah wills to read it from the verse of the Holy Quran, then he began to see him in a way between the sky and the earth, so he does not turn right and does not see until he sees him and stands and does not delay, Between the reefs of the mountain and in the brutality of the road, Thus, no close companion nor a dear friend, no appointed, nor a supporter. The Prophet () was still in his position until the angel departed from him, so he went to Khadija, terrified by what he heard and saw, and when she inspired him, she said: "Where were you, Abu Al -Qasim? In the name of Allah, I sent my messengers in your request until they reached Mecca, then they returned to me", and the Messenger of Allah () spoke to her, and she said, "To be happy at the son of an uncle and prove, in what my soul is in his hand I hope you to be the prophet of this nation … He seen from her a confirmation of his heart and a recreation for himself and a support for his command, nothing of which he sees from his response to him, a denial of him, a mockery of him, or an aversion to him, but rather she released his chest, went his sorrow, and his heart went over, and the matter is over, and this is how the ideal wife is Khadija (May Allah be pleased with her). She was from the great blessings of Allah on the Messenger of Allah (). He remained with him a quarter of a century, she is anxiety improves him and supported him in the most embarrassing times and helped him to inform his message and share it in the bitter jihad and conscience by herself and her money.
And she found solutions to him when he was intercepted by society at the time in a compassionate, compassionate manner, So, his dealing with his women was one of the most beautiful things in the relationship of the husband with his wife and the man with his family.
Everyone who reads the biography of the mother of the believers Khadija Al -Kubra (May Allah be pleased with her) stands amazed in front of this fragrant biography and the great personality that caused the admiration of everyone who lived, knew or read about it later.

This research is an investigation and study of a manuscript entitled: (A Treatise Promoting Marriage to People of the Book; by its author Mustafa Halabi Effendi, famously known as Lutfi Bey Zadeh, d. 1041 AH). The treatise is a unique copy that I found within a collection of books and letters preserved in the library of Asad Effendi in Turkey. The manuscript is of great importance in its title and content, as it came as a unique type in its field. Its author wanted to remove the dust from the subject of marriage to people of the Book in terms of its legitimacy and the opinions of scholars, interpreters, jurists and fundamentalists on this aspect, and to discuss their opinions. I have corrected and documented the text, and produced it meticulously according to the principles of investigation.

This study aims to investigate the dramatic structure in the poetry of Hassan ibn Thabit through examining the aesthetics of dialogue as an effective artistic element in poetic construction. The research is based on the assumption that Hassan’s poetry is not limited to lyrical expression and personal emotion; rather, it incorporates dramatic elements that enrich the text with movement, vitality, and interaction. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to selected poetic texts in order to explore the functions of both external dialogue and internal dialogue (monologue) in shaping poetic events, embodying conflict, and presenting characters.
The study concludes that external dialogue contributes significantly to intensifying intellectual and emotional conflict through the interaction of multiple voices, particularly in poems of satire and defense of Islam. Internal dialogue, on the other hand, serves as a means of revealing the poet’s inner world, expressing grief, longing, contemplation, and memory. The findings also demonstrate that the dramatic structure in Hassan’s poetry emerges from the interaction of several elements, including dialogue, conflict, characterization, emotional tension, and psychological movement, all of which enhance the poetic text’s ability to dramatize events and make them vividly present.

Ellipsis (Al-Hadhf) is considered one of the significant rhetorical methods in the Qur'anic system due to the semantic connotations it carries that embody its eloquence and confirm its inimitability. This method has prominently featured in many places throughout the Holy Qur'an to achieve rhetorical purposes and aesthetic dimensions within the syntactic structure. Indeed, ellipsis yields specific benefits in discourse, which vary according to its position within the Qur'anic context, thereby highlighting the importance of this method

The issue of assigning rationales to acts of worship involves a fundamental question: are these acts based on specific, discernible rationales or not? If they are, what is the nature of these rationales? This research addresses this issue by demonstrating that acts of worship are indeed grounded in rationales—though not in the form of explicit, strictly defined causes (*‘ilal*), but rather through underlying interests (*maṣāliḥ*) and wisdoms (*ḥikam*). The study clarifies the relevant terminology and establishes criteria to facilitate the identification of the type of rationale involved. It presents the views of scholars on the matter and examines Quranic texts that elucidate the interests and wisdoms behind acts of worship, alongside the interpretations of exegetes. Ultimately, the research concludes that acts of worship are devoid of explicit, strictly defined causes; instead, they are linked to interests the Creator intended to realize and to wisdoms dictated by His divine wisdom.

The poet was distinguished by his ability to shift words from their literal meanings into the realms of metaphor and figurative language. The core purpose of his poetic structure revolved around the experience of ghazal (love poetry), where the language of emotion and pain predominated, and this grief was vividly reflected across the various facets of his life. Furthermore, the poet was highly skilled in combining both classical and modern styles in his choice of vocabulary and textual composition, which lent a rich linguistic depth to the use of words within their appropriate contexts.

This research examines the most prominent features of poetic imagery in Andalusian poetry. I selected a group of prominent poets who have received considerable attention in previous studies, but each was studied individually. In my research, I present the reader with a multifaceted and diverse reading, carefully chosen from that poetic school. The research is divided into an introduction and three sections. The introduction provides a brief overview of the subject of poetic imagery and how the poet employs this technique, utilizing their knowledge, experience, and cultural background. The first section is divided into three parts: the general concept of imagery and its linguistic and technical definitions. The second section covers artistic imagery, including simile, metaphor, and metonymy. The third section, the sensory (motor) image, includes the visual image, the olfactory image, and the gustatory image, followed by the conclusion, which addressed the most important results of the research.