journal of Basic Sciences

Abstract
This paper aims at identifying the TASC model effect on the acquisition of survival chemistry by fifth scientific/applied graders. To do so, an experimental methodology was followed in the research design. The sample of the study consisted of two randomized groups, both are fifth scientific/applied graders of the Qassim AlMubarqa High School (Boys), in the academic year 2019-2020. The graders were then subdivided into an experiment group (24 students) and a control group (23 students). Both tentative groups were tested by several variables. To test the groups, a 45-item questionnaire (on chemical facts) has been designed. Additionally, Al-Saidy’s (2019) skillful thinking model, which includes 45 items, has been followed. Both tools were validated. The statistical processing of analysis and test results showed that TASC-assisted teaching helped the experiment group acquire skillful thinking and survival chemistry in comparison with the traditionally taught control group. The paper finally suggests several recommendations and tips.

Abstract
Fruit trees are an important pillar of the national income. Therefore, their study has been of great importance to researchers in the field of geography in general and agricultural geography in particular. As it became clear through the study that both Kufa and Al-Manathira occupied the center stage in certain types of fruit trees, while the other types were distributed among other administrative units, and the research included the most important natural factor, the climate, and two human factors, namely the number of farmers and the area of orchards in the study area. The study is concerned with the necessity of paying attention and working to advance development in the cultivation of fruit trees of importance in the study area

Abstract
This paper aims at investigating the story cycle as a literary genre and device as to the origin, foundation, and use. The story cycle has been initially originated as a narrative device, but, later on, it has been used in poetry as well. Emerged first as a critical term, the story cycle is used to achieve ends and communicate senses. This paper, therefore, unfolds this term back in pre-Islamic poetry and how it was used in the poems of that late Arab poetry.

Abstract
The adoption of visualization in a literary text creates a double vision in both vision and insight. This paper, therefore, embarks on this theme in the Kalila and Demna tales, which are Abbasid-era fictional animal-inspired reader-moving stories. This is achieved by reflecting all animal characteristics featured in formation, personification, and visualization. To do so, this paper unfolds the elements that contributed to the construction of these tales by spotting visualization in the stories under study. It is well-known that the state of literary imagery is established to create visual forms along with the author's intentions, figures, and devices.

Abstract
The Greek culture was not directly introduced into the Islamic ideology, it, rather, started with the Syriac people. Historical sources, however, suggested that Greek-to-Syriac translation developed prior to Islam’s rising. As Islam went public, translation developed. Aristotle’s works were translated, and the Greek philosophies took the lead. A few Greek-influenced Muslim philosophers wanted to the take the Greek logic as an authoritative model to decode many issues including grammar.

Abstract
This paper questions the controversial traditions regarding the exegesis of the Quranic verses as accounted in the Twelver Shia versions of Quranic interpretation. There have been two trends in Quranic exegesis; fundamentalist and traditionalist accounts and narratives. These two variant trends have been so controversial and problematic as they both adhere to the Quranic scriptures as a premise of argumentation. As these completely different versions of Quranic verses were Quran-dependent, and have differed over particular issues, they, therefore, have not diverged from the commonly orthodox tradition of Islam, known as the Sunna, in generalities

Abstract
This paper investigates how much survival skills are included in the fifth-grade science education textbooks as well as the fifth graders’ attainability of these skills. To this end, a gender-based (120 m/ 120 f) 240-fifth grader sample was randomly selected from the Erbil-based basic education schools across the 2021-2022 school year. To test the sample, two tools of analysis were used. The first was a self-designed skill-based content analysis form. The second was Al-Zibary's (2021) survival skill test, which is a 4-skill multiple choice-based tool. Firstly, a textbook analysis of fifth-grade science for all was conducted. As for skills, the sample subjects were tested in the first course. Following test results, computational analysis, statistical administration of frequencies, and percentile t-test, the findings indicated;
1.Survival skills are gradually included in science textbooks; mental skills, problem-solving, manual skills, critical thinking, and finally communication.
2.There are statistically significant differences (0.05) between females and males in survival skill attainability; decision-making, problem-solving, and communication, for males.
3.There are no statistically significant differences (0.05) in the average skill attainability of survival skills; manual, healthy, and environmental.

Abstract
This study's objective is to assess the level of intelligent behavior among university students. In addition, to determine the level of technical expertise and the statistically significant differences in intelligent behavior according to gender characteristics (male-female). In addition to the variable of specialty (scientific - human), the association between university students' intelligent conduct and technical knowledge will be determined. The research sample consists of 301 male and female students from the science and humanities departments. Similarly, the current study employs the smart behavior scale created by (Al-Saffar, 2008). The smart behavior scale was extracted from the apparent validity and stability of the two scales utilizing the test-retest procedure. According to the findings of the study, university students exhibit more intelligent behavior than the norm in society. Furthermore, there are statistically significant inequalities in favor of males and the scientific specialty. As a result of the correlation between technical knowledge and scientific specialization, males had an advantage over females (intelligent behavior and technical knowledge were positive and good).

Abstract
This paper investigates personal traits (nervous, plain, conscious, open, meek) in blind people, as well as showing differences as to age and gender variables. To do so, a descriptive method of research was followed. The data sampled for analysis included comprehensively gathered 118 blind persons (65 males and 53 females) based in central Duhok. To administer the sample, Satow’s (2020) big five personality test was used as a tool of analysis. Additionally, the SPSS package was used to statistically and computationally reach the psychometric characteristics (validity, constancy, discrimination), research findings, and final conclusions.
The paper finds that the relative rate of personality traits was placed as meekness in the top, consciousness, nervousness, plainness, and finally openness. There are, additionally, morally significant gender-based differences in nervous, plain, and open personality. The paper finds that there are no statistically significant age-based differences in personality traits

Abstract
This paper aims at unfolding the sort of antithetical dualities used in the poems written by Ibn Sahl of Andalusia, and how these dualities contributed to the composition, significance, and meaningfulness of these poems. Antithetical duality is a literary device utilized to communicate different images, meanings, and intentions. Arab poets used to add antithetical dualities in their poems. Drawing on these notions, this paper specifies antithetical dualities in Ibn Sahl’s poems, a medieval Moorish poet who lived in the Arab-controlled Iberia. In these poems, various antithetical dualities can be spotted including self-other, love-war, life-death, connection-disconnection, and disclosure-covering. All these devices were intentionally used in Ibn Sahl’s poems for various senses.

Geographical and agricultural literature on mapping and industrial and feeding cultivation are the applied agricultural geographical studies, investigations, and field studies. Drawing on this notion, this paper, therefore, investigates two strategic crops in Iraq, rice as a feeding crop, and sunflower as an industrial crop. The statement of the research hypothesizes that mapping plays an important role in highlighting and identifying the distribution and geo-variation of these two crops how relevant they are to geographical factors across the 2018 and 2019 seasons in the areas under study. The paper aims at designing maps of cultivation indicators for sunflower and rice crops, and geographically analyzing the areas related. To do so, objective and analytical methodologies of the investigation were followed. The paper finds that mapping is important in realizing, analyzing, and processing data

Scientific development has undoubtedly played a prominent role in human life, as it resulted in countless discoveries and inventions for the best interest of man’s welfare. Drawing on this notion, this paper investigates a qualitative data-driven topic. The sample of this paper involves 120 kindergarten women teachers affiliated with the public kindergarten department of Baghdad Education (Rusafa 1, Rusafa 2, and Rusafa 3). The entire population is 1037 teachers working in 96 kindergartens. The paper aims at evaluating the kindergarten women teachers’ performance against quality standards. To do so, the researcher designed a performance evaluation scale following the national standards of science education (1989) and previous theoretical studies and related investigations. To verify the validity of the designed scale, the scale has been reviewed by 15 experts. The scale items were verified, checked, and assessed by measurement, calculation of correlates, and inter-standard discrimination. Constant correlates indicated 0.93 following Cronbach’s equation, whereas single standards of science method were 0.67. The standard of life sciences was constant at 5.65. The standard of science nature and history was constant at 0.70. The standard of physical sciences was constant at 0.76. The scale of geology and astronomy was constant 0.77. The scale of theorists was constant at 0.79. The computational processing of scaling items and t-test analysis of results following the Pearson correlates and the statistical mean indicated the evaluation of kindergarten women teachers’ academic performance against quality standards was found to be high in accordance with the average relative importance and the approved standards. Following analysis and test, this paper recommends;
1.Implementing national standards of science education at other levels of study
2.Emphaszing national standards of science education into kindergarten curriculums.
The paper suggests:
1.Evaluation of teachers’ performance at other levels of study according to quality standards
2.Emphasis of the factors that negatively and positively affect science education in kindergartens.

Abstract
This paper aims at showing how the 5es strategy can achieve preparatory-level computer learning objectives from teachers’ perspectives. To realize this end, 100 preparatory male and female teachers were randomly selected across the 2021-2022 school year. A 20-multiple choice item questionnaire has been designed. The questionnaire constancy and validity were tested by Cronbach’s formula (0.823). An SPSS-assisted t-test administration showed that;
1. There are statistically significant differences between the two means for the statistical mean
2. There are statistically significant differences between males and females, for females.
3. There are statistically significant differences (0.05) between 1-6-year serving computer teachers and 6-10-year serving computer teachers, for the latter.
4. There are statistically significant differences between 1-5-year serving computer teachers and 11+years serving computer teachers, for the latter.
5. There are statistically significant differences (0.05) between 6-10-year serving computers and 11+ years serving computer teachers, for the latter.

Abstract:
Contemplation and research in the field of poetry and poets of sustainability literature and explaining the various dimensions of sacred defense using the language of art, especially literature and poetry, is an undeniable necessity that unfortunately to this day as befits this great event and poets This is a great literary movement, it has not been seriously considered by the writers. The works created by poets and writers of Sustainability and Sacred Defense, both during and after the war, are not small, and the poets and artists who wrote with special methods in this field. They are not few. Criticism of the works of poets and writers of this literary movement is itself one of the necessities that ignoring it can have irreparable consequences for today's and tomorrow's generations of the revolution. Therefore, it is necessary for the writers to reveal the outer and inner layers of these works to the readers by analyzing the content and structure of the works of the poets of the literature of stability and sacred defense, and considering the approaches of literary criticism and stylistic methods. And discover the thoughts, emotions, spirits and feelings of their creators.
The record of "Sayyid Hassan Hosseini" as one of the leading poets and writers, prominent and innovative in the literature of stability and sacred defense, shows that he was able or could have created a turning point in the poetry of our time by creating works in any period. His new tendency to quatrains, "Sparrow and Gabriel Collection", "Nowruz Haykarehs", etc. are among the most prominent of these works.In this research, we have tried to take into account the approaches of literary criticism and stylistic methods, the poems of this poet based on the collection "In tune with the throat of Ismail" as one of the most successful works published in the field of war poetry and Let us examine the sacred defense at three levels: linguistic, content, and literary, and examine its stylistic features and salience. This research has been done by library method.

Abstract: The aim of the research is to know the effectiveness of using the task-based learning strategy (TBL) in acquiring grammatical concepts for tenth grade students in the Kurdish language subject and developing their linguistic enlightenment, and to verify this, the researcher formulated two zero hypotheses for the research.
The researcher used the experimental design and relied on the design of equivalent groups, an experimental group that studied the TBL, and a control group that studied the classical method used. The research community consisted of tenth grade preparatory students (literary section) in preparatory day schools for girls in Zakho Education Directorate for the school year (2021-2022), and the research sample consisted of 49 students from Solin high school for girls.
The researcher prepared 32 teaching plans, 16 of them for the experimental group and other 16 for the control group, and also prepared two tools: test for acquiring grammatical concepts, and it consisted of 42 test items, and a scale of linguistic enlightenment consisted of 36 items of a scale distributed on three dimensions: (cognitive, affective, skill).
After completing the experiment, applied the test, extracting the required information and applying the statistical analysis using the t-test for two indeendent samples, the results were as follows:
1. The students of the experimental group who studied TBL outperformed the students of the control group who studied classsical method used in acquiring grammatical concepts.
2. The students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in developing linguistic enlightenment

Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the impact of using the Harrison and Bramson model on the achievement of third stage students at the Kurdish language department in the subject of modern literature. The researcher adopted the experimental design with two equivalent groups (Experimental and control groups) and a post-test as research tool. The experimental group was taught according the Harrison and Bramson model, while the controlled group was administrated as per the traditional method. Seventy-five male and female students from the third stage at the Kurdish Language Department at University of Zakho for the academic year 2021-2022, were chosen as the study sample, 37 as the experimental group and 37 as the control group. The equivalence procedures were conducted on these two groups in several variables. The researcher prepared an achievement test that included (40) true-false and multiple-choice items, as well as descriptive questions with restricted answers. The psychometric properties such as validity, item discrimination and stability were extracted from that test. Having conducted the experiment and collected the required data, such data were calculated using the statistical formula t-test for the two unequal independent group, the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average achievement scores of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group

Abstract: This study is about the use of satire in the poetry of Maya Angelou who uses repetition, satire, and imagery to express her social views and to enhance humanity through constructive social criticism. She writes about political and social topics using satire. Maya Angelou's politically sophisticated and outspoken voice in her poems "Caged Bird" and "Still I Rise" emphasizes her fervent belief in equality and freedom for all, regardless of color or creed. Finally, the study concludes with how Angelou utilizes figurative language and employs ironic comments than literal ones as a matter of face-saving and to maintain the speakerـaddressee relation from damage.

Abstract
Parody is any cultural practice which provides a relatively polemical allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice. The present study sets out to investigate the discoursal aspects of parody in Arabic. The problem of the study arises from the fact that understanding parody requires a full knowledge of the original text; so to create a parody one must be able to understand the meaning and style of the original text. Comprehension of a parody on the part of the reader or listener means to necessarily comprehend the parodic text's discursive values ,in addition to comprehending and having a complete understanding of the parody's source text.Moreover ,the study aims at revealing the cultural, religious, social, political, historical, ethical, economic and humorous dimensions in Arabic in so far as parodies are concerned, providing a general and a comprehensible discourse analysis of Arabic parodic texts. To achieve these aims, the study hypotheses that1) The criticim and Irony functions are frequently employed in Arabic parody .2)Social and political dimemsions are frequently used in Arabic parodic texts. The data of the study consists of four Arabic parodic texts. Data analysis is conducted on the basis of the eclectic model which consists of three models to analyze parodic discourse in Arabic: 1. Rossen- Knill & Henry’s (1997) Model, 2. Ryszard Nycz’s(2000) Model and 3. Attardo’s(2008) Model. This study has revealed the following main conclusions.First, Arabic parody pays more attention to the social aspects.second, Arabic parodic texts depend on different parodic devices or methods, viz. substitution, addition, and detraction

Abstract
The present study experimentally investigated the impact of utilizing flipped classroom strategy in remembering Kurdish grammar concepts among seventh graders. To achieve research objective, two null hypotheses were stated and as a quantitative research, it adopted the experimental approach. To select required groups and limit the research population, two secondary schools (Farasheen and Rozheen) located in Zakho-City were intentionally chosen, Implementing the simple random sampling technique, Farasheen school with a 33 students class was chosen as the experimental group, whereas Rozheen school with 25 students became the control group. The parity procedures were used in a number of variables. Having conducted psychometric properties such as validity and reliably, 30 items were decided as research tool. The tool was used as the pretest to measure concept acquisition and after a month as post-delay test to measure remembering variable. To analyses data, realize the significant difference and the effect size, t-test, chi square and the Cohen's d were respectively used. Research has concluded that the flipped classroom strategy is significantly more effective and appropriate than the traditional method in remembering Kurdish grammar concepts. Some recommendations are stated as well as a number of essential titles for future researches are suggested.

Abstract
The study aimed to know the level of achievement of training programs for the goals of teaching sciences in the light of the dimensions of sustainable development, and to know their differences according to the variable of gender and scientific specialization. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method in the study; the research participants included science teachers (chemistry, physics and biology), and their number (383) chemistry, (388) physics and (394) biology in the city center of Erbil for the academic year 2021-2022. In order to reach the goals of the study, the researcher tried to build a questionnaire in (Training of Science Teacher) that consists of (52) items, after making sure of the reliability of it (0.915), the researcher applied it on the members of sample that consisted of (130) teachers of both gender, including (35) chemistry, (45) physics and (50) biology. After collecting and analyzing data through statistical program (SPSS), the researcher reached this conclusion; the training programs in Central Education in the city of Erbil have achieved the goals of teaching sciences in the light of sustainable development to medium level, male teachers in all its specialization are more oriented towards achieving training programs for goals of science teaching in the light of sustainable development than their male teachers, physics teachers are more oriented towards achieving training programs for goals of science teaching in the light of sustainable development than chemistry and biology teachers