Journal of Techniques

Four pesticides [ microbial insecticide (Agerin) ,growth regulator (Match), and tow chemical pesticides ( Chemocidin and Cruiser )], tested against the 1st larval instars of spiny cotton boll worm Earias insulana ( Boisd ). Results showed that pesticide chemocidin gave high efficacy in morbidity ratio depression with insect after spray which was 8.68% in compare with morbidity ratio in field before spray which was 24.74%, also for both Match and Agerin had obvious effect in morbidity ratio depression to 14.27%, 17.52% respectively. A good compatibility was obtained when apply Agerin and Match together, their mixture gave high efficacy in morbidity ratio depression which was 79.95% and a good compatibility was also obtained when apply Agerin , Match with other pesticides chemocidin and Crusier, the infection reduced to 73.29 و73.26 % respectively.

Fourty eight cocks, 24 Wk. old used, each of 12 birds represented the following; acclimatized white leghorn (AL), acclimatized Brown Newhampshire (AN), local Brown (LB) and local Barred (Lb). The study aimed to evaluate the thermal tolerance of acclimatized and local chickens. All birds exposed to acute heat stress (41±1C˚), 40±2% RH for 3 hours. Some physiological and blood criteria were measured as indicators of heat stress.
Results exhibited a significant (p<0.05) increase in body temperature (Tb), heterophil/ 1ymphocyte ratio (H/L) and blood cholesterol, and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and blood protein post exposing to heat stress in comparison to pre heat stress, whereas no significant changes were noticed in blood glucose in all birds.
Percentage of changes of PCV, Hb, H/L and glucose post heat stress were significant (p<0.05) in AL and AN comparing to LB and Lb birds. It can be concluded that LB and Lb were superior on AL and AN cocks in their tolerance and resistance to heat stress

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of equipment type used in the agricultural operations on the slipping percentage of the agricultural tractors used in the different soil textures. This study showed that the ditcher which hitched by anter 71 tractor that has made high slipping percentage for this tractor in three different soil textures of waist governorate. This study showed that the three different treatments that’s used in this study which is (without loading ,moldboard plow ,disk harrow) resulted slipping percentage for tractor less than ditcher treatment .Static analysis showed significant differences between the slipping percentage for the four treatments. The study showed the effect of soil texture on the slipping percentage was more effect in the comparison with the effect of water content. The results showed that ,ditcher treatment gave highest compaction at moisture content less than LPL illustrated in bulk density values comparatively with other treatments in studied locations

A study was carried out in the cold storage unit, Hort. Dept. and the Lab. Of Plant Prot. Dept., College of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad during the seasons 2005-2006 showed isolation of the genera Alternaria , Aspergillus , Penicillium and Cylindrocarpon from green bean pods stored under 4 °C . This is the first record of these genera as a pathogenic fungi of green bean pods rot in Iraq. The sterilization of pods and packing them in the netted bags decreased the infection severity by Alternaria and Aspergillus in non sterilized pods . The genus Penicillium was not found in netted bags . Lower infection severity of the genus Cylindrocarpon was found in non sterilized pods.
The results showed less weight loss percent which reached 0 and 0.6 % in non sterilized and sterilized pods respectively kept in polyethylene bags with 16 holes. No physiological disorder were found in the treatment of polyethylene bags with 16 and 32 holes . The highest pods kept in netted bags , and prolong period of storage was 21 days to sterilized pods.

The research results show that the farmers are tend to plant the crops that most resist dryness and more yielding specially the corps of side product such as sun flower, yellow maze, sesame, lentil and reduction of agricultural corps levels that required great amount of money. The researcher recommends for agricultural offices to make announcements and information’s of dry restart crops plantation to expand its plantation in order to limit farmer’s emigration to cities and to make agrarin maps to show the areas and kinds of crops that could be planted in.

This study was conducted to classify irrigation water used with the addministrative boundaries of Wasit governorate. The classifications followed were the USSL and FAO systems , and then water suitability for irrigation was evaluated accordingly.
The results showed that, all water samples fell within the water class (C3 – S1) according to USSL system. Whereas , in FAO system, the samples fell within the class (increase in salinity hazard) for the salinity hazard; within (no hazard, increase in permeability hazard) for soil permeability based on Eciw and Adj. SAR indicators; within (no hazard and increasing toxicity hazard) for toxicity based on ( Na+ + Cl-) concentrations; and within (increasing hazard) class for miscellaneous effects of irrigation water based on bicarbonate. In addition, pH values were within neutral limites. Moreover, the high content of (Ca+2 + Mg+2) comparatively with Na+ ions decrease the hazard of residual bicarbonate (RSC) effects, and hence reduce soil ESP values.

The effect of using urea treated and untreated barley straw with two levels of rumen un degradable nitrogen (UDN) upon daily feed intake, live weight gain, feed conversion ratio and some carcass characteristics of karadi lambs were studied. Twenty individual penned karadi lambs (mean weight 24.5+1.2 kg),aged 4-6 months were used. They were divided into four equal groups and fed one of the four experimental diets for 8 weeks. The results indicate a significant increase (P<0.01) in total daily intake of all nutrients by the lambs fed urea treated straw as compared with those fed untreated straw, when expressed in g/day or g/kg W 0.75 .The results also indicate a significant increase (P<0.01) in live weight gain and feed conversion ratio for lambs fed urea treated straw compared with those fed untreated. The results show a highly significant increase (P<0.01) in blood urea nitrogen of lambs fed urea treated straw as compared with those fed untreated. While , Lambs fed urea treated straw had significantly (P<0.01) higher dissected lean as compared with those fed untreated straw .

This study depends on Random amplified polymorphic DNA, used four random primers (OPF-6 , OPF -13, OPF- 19 , OPF-16) during this Genetic analysis to detect of genetic Variation between isolated DNA from hydatid cyst collected from cows from different geographical regions .
The results have been shown Genetic variation between samples and the ability of primers to determine the samples from geographical regions as the following :-
- Ability of OPF – 16 primer to determine two markers :-
OPF – 16 960bp specific for samples which was collected from cows from intermediate resigns of Iraq .
OPF – 16 800bp specific for samples which was collected from cows from southern resigns of Iraq .
- Ability of OPF-13 Primer to determine three genetics markers which were OPF-13 790bp , 630bp , 370bp specific for samples which were collected form cows from northern resigns of Iraq .
- Ability of OPF-6 primer to determine of studying samples by following genetic markers :-
OPF-6 800bp, 650bp specific for samples which were collected from intermediate resigns .
OPF-6 990bp specific for samples which were collected from southern resigns .
OPF-6 460bp specific for samples which were collected from northern resigns.
- Ability of OPF- 19 primer to determine two genetic markers which are
OPF- 19 1000bp , 750bp which were specific for samples collected from cows from southern resign of Iraq.

This research includes a study of hydatid cysts parasite on the molecular level where 20 samples of hydatid cyst were collected from intermediates host (sheep) for different geographical regions of Iraq.
Genetic analysis of isolated DNA from hydatid cyst collected from sheep was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)to determine genetic variation depending on random amplified polymorphic DNA "RAPD" .
The current results of this study have shown the following:
1. It was found the primer OPF-19 was able to diagnose samples the represent the isolated DNA of hydatid cysts parasite which was collected from sheep in intermediates regions of Iraq by genetic marker OPF-19 1050bp .
2. Ability of RAPD markers to determine markers of OPF-16 65obp specified to samples of hydatid cysts DNA which was collected from sheep in northern regions of Iraq , and another marker which was OPF-16 500bp specific for samples collected from sheep in northern regions of Iraq .
3. Ability of RAPD markers to determine two markers OPF – 6 770 bp , 460pb for samples which was collected from hydatid cysts of sheep in Intermediat regions of Iraq,and other marker which was OPF -6 650bp specific for samples collected form hydatid cysts of sheep in Southern regions of Iraq .

The specific aim of this study was to determine the response rate of broiler chickens to the food additives like probiotic and organic acid (Natural acetic acid) .
Atotal of 900 broiler chicks, Hubbard at one day old, were randomly allocated into three treatment groups. Chicks in each treatment group were subdivided in to five replicate with 60 chicks for each replicate.
Chicks in the first treatment received control diet, chicks in the second treatment were fed on diet supplemented with locally probiotic contain the yeast Saccharomyses Cerevisaie added to the feed at level of 5 Kg per ton feed while chickes in the third treatment where received organic acid in the drinking water at the level of 3ml acid /100 L water .
The data showed that chicks in T3 which recived vinegar with the drinking water had significantly (>0.05) higher body weight and feed consumption at marketing age (8 weeks). No stastically differences were observed between T2 and T3 in respect of feed conversion at 8 weeks old . chicks recived probiotic T2 or vinegar T3 had significantly(p>o.o) less amortality and higher dressing percent when comparid with control group.Also result showed significant organic acid and locally probiotic where as have not any significant between them on control group at feed efficiency at 4,8 weeek .

The research was aimed determine the degree and level of the cognitive extensional needs for sun flower growers at Diala governorate in the oil species technical and its relationship with some personal and objective factors .a questionnaire is accredited for data accumulation which included tow part : the first involves personal and objective data for sun flower growers ,the second was including test of the cognitive extensional needs inclusive 38 experimental paragraphs distributed on axises for coming agriculture technical :oil species kind ,ground preparation , agriculture time , agriculture method , Irrigation , fertilization , thicket control , Harvest time , storage & cleaning . Sample was taken its quantity 94 farmer at 15% percentage from the research society. There number is about 622 farmers at all the districts and area of the governorate in categorical random form. The results showed that the cognitive extensional needs for sun flower growers at Diala governorate is medium with presence a large contrast in their cognitive extensional needs in the oil species technical. There was a strong negative significant relation between the cognitive extensional needs and all of coming factors: Total studious, farming years number, Intelligence level about extensional data source. A low negative significant relation with agriculture method, ground distance, non significant relation with the age, agriculture kind and production average. The research recommended on the necessity to condensation the extension enlightment program from authorities which presence at Diala governorate by coordination and cooperation with the general foundation agriculture cooperation and extension to take prestige for factors which appear a strong relation when carrying out programs for sun flower growers in a dition to saving such us flame , your flower species and the fertilizers in suitable prizes with out to make heavy that farmers inclusive raising the agriculture level and refreshment the economy in town .

This experiment was conducted during the season of 2005/2006 to investigate the effect of manganese and copper levels (0,25,50,75 mg Mn / l.) and (0,7.5,15mg Cu / l.) sprayed twice, the first at the beginning of flowering and the second (20) days after the first spray on the growth and yield of eggplant plants variety Black Beuty under plastic house conditions using R.C.B.D design with 3 replicates. Results showed that the average of plant height, number of branches and fruits per plant , fruit weight, yield of plant and plastic house were highest at the intraction of 50mg Mn / l X 7.5mg Cu/l, (120.26 cm, 7.80 branch/plant, 22.22 fruits/ plant and 192.31g , 4.274Kg and 1.732 ton respectively, while were 89.76cm, 4.80 branche/ plant, 18.56 fruits/ plant and 160.54g , 2.981Kg and 1.21 ton respectively in control. A significant increase in plant yield and total yield/ plastic house were 43.37%, from control.

The research was carried out in Musiab –progect lands during spring and autumn seasons of 2005 to investigate the influence of micronutrient application on the yield and its componets of corn ( Zea mays L).and some field charachters as well.Split plot design with 3 replications, main treatment were 3 individual hybrids of corn. .(ZP607*OH40),(R153*W13R) and (R153*ZP607) however ,sub treatment were (Fe ) ,(Zn), (Cu), (Fe+Zn) ,(Fe+Cu) , (Zn+Cu) , (Fe+Zn+Cu) and Treatment control .N.P.K fertilizers were added equalty to all the experimental units. gave highest number of days from sowing to 50% male and female blooming , plant length ,leaf area , number of seeds in the ear ,number of seeds in the row ,1000 seeds weight and seed yield that was 9.28 ton/ha . Hybrid (153*W13R) was greater in grains yield (8.87)ton /ha and the interaction hybrid (W13R*R153) between micronutrients and grain yield was (9.39) ton/ ha . Micronutrients resulted in various responses among individual hybids , these differences were significantly high.It could be ,however ,concludeded that there were different responses of individual hybrids of corn to the micronutrient treatment . That resulted in differences in seed yield and some of its components ( number of seeds in the ear and 1000 seed weight ) and some field .On the other hand , the micronutrients had a noted impact on the growth and yield of corn

A study was conducted at college of Agriculture University of Baghdad during the growing season of 2000 on Bashecka cultivar to investigate the effect of girdling, urea and potassium spray on fruiting characteristics. Branches have one year old and 2-3 cm diameter were girdled on 1st February – 2000.Three levels of urea (0, 2000, 4000 mg/l) and potassium sulphate (0, 500, 1000 mg/l) were sprayed on 15/2/2000 and 21/2/2000 respectively. A factorial in RCBD design with three replicats for each treatment was used. The results showed that percentage of fruit set significantly increased due to the interaction between girdling and urea and Potassium spray at the highest concentration of either nutrient.Such it is 4.103 % while it was 2.426 % at control .
Also showed significant increase in the average fruit weight and the ratio of pulp seed due to the foliar spray of the concentration of urea and potassium.The increase were postively corelated with the concentration of these nutrients.Girdling showed a significant increase in the average of fruit wieght only. Foliar sprays of 4000 mg/L urea and 1000 mg/L potassium or girdling significantly increased fruit dry matter to 24.826 % compard with 22.506 % at control.

The problem of losses in grains is one of the most important economic Problem in Iraq. Therefore, this work was devoted to estimate and Analyze the percentages and quantities of losses in Yellow Corn during the marketing stages . This would give a guide to suggest some marketing methods which could reduce the losses that the Iraqi economy is suffering from.
The results showed that the percentage of losses was about (11.08%). If this percentage is translated into values, it equals to I.D. (2.845) billion in 2001/2002 government prices. The result also showed that the losses percentages through the marketing functions were about 4.5% , 1.33% , 1% and 4.25% for assembling , processing , storage and transportation respectively.
The conclusion was that most of these losses were happened because of the inefficient and insufficient marketing functions and the low priority given to the marketing system .The work also concluded that the loss is a problem that could be partly solved in the short run, while production processes require a long run action.

This research was conducted in Nineveh research station during 2001-2002 season to study the effect of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg N/donum) and four kinetin concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and their interaction on the successful budding percentage of Vistabella cultivar on apple seedlings(Malus Communis L)and length of grown shoot from scion and branches number.
A factorial experiment with three replicates was carried out in a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D), each replicate was consist of (30) seedlings, using Dancan multiple range test at 5% level. Results showed:
1. The addition of nitrogen fertilizer 30 Kg/ donum caused a significant increase in percentage of successful budding and number of branches on scions.But length and diameter of shoot, significantly increase at 20 Kg N/donum.
2. The addition of the kinetin caused a significant increase in percentage of success budding and number of branches on shoot
3. The interaction between nitrogen and kinetin significant effected the percentage of successful budding, length and diameter of scions and braches number on shoots.
The best treatments were 20 kg N/donum + 100 mg/L kinetin in Length of shoots(94.80Cm) , 20 kg N/donum + 50 mg/L kinetin in shoots diameter(12.39mm), 30 kg N/donum + 100 mg/L in branch number(12.33 branch/seedling).

At the Nasr Dairy Cattle Station , United Company for Animal Resources Ltd., Al-Soueira (50 Km south of Baghdad) , over period from 2000 to 2003, 1931 records of total milk production (TMP) , lactation period (LP), service per conception (SPC) and 1032 records of calving interval (CI) produced by 600 Holstein cows were analyzed statistically.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effect in TMP, LP, SPC and CI .
The SAS program was used to study in estimate of the Components of variance for the random effects in the employed mixed model was estimated by the Restricted Maximum Likelihood procedure.
The heritability of the TMP, LP, SPC and CI were 0.18, 0.09, 0.07 and 0.08 respectively at the heritability estimate by half-sib.whereas, increased the estimates to 0.26, 0.12, 0.07 and 0.12 at the estimate by daughter-dam and decreased to 0.15, 0.05, 0.05 and 0.03 respectively at the estimate by half-sib with adjusted of maternal effect.
The variance of maternal effect in TMP, LP, SPC and CI were 8265.51, 244.39, 360.50 and 12.04, whereas the variance of cytoplasmic were 2.705, 0.311, 1.422 and 0.091 respectively.
Genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficient were 0.75 and 0.85 between TMP and LP, and lower between TMP and SPC (0.07 and 0.03 respectively.

Total bacterial count , total acidity and pH were determined in four baby milk formlae Dielac 2(D 2 ) , Dielac 1( D 1 ) , Babylack 2( B2 ), Babylack 1( B1 ) after they were in inoculated with two local isolates ( 3 , 4 ) of Bifidobacterium ssp. In concentration 2% .It was noted that the number of these two isolates increased in first baby ages formlae that those of the second ages formlae from ( 2.0 × 1012 -3.2 × 1014)
( 5.6 × 1013 – 2.5 × 1016) , ( 2.4 ×1010 – 1.2 × 1014) , ( 2.5 ×1012 – 1.4 × 1013) , ( 1.4 × 1013 – 2.4 × 1015) , ( 1.9 ×1011 – 9.8 × 1013) , ( 5.1 × 1012 – 9.8 × 1014) and ( 5.0 × 1012 – 2.7 × 1014) cfu/ g respectively and the total acidity isolate (3) ranged between (0.08 -0.35) , (0.09 – 0.30 ) , (0.10 – 0.40 ) , (0.08 – 0.38 ) , respectively. Whereas pH was dropped down from 6.60 , 9.50 ,6.40 and 6.60 to 4.50 ,4.60 ,4.70 and 4.70 in formulae D1 , B1 , D2 and B2 respectively. Results of isolate ( 4 ) in four formulaes, were (6.60 - 4.00 ) , (6.95 -4.50 ) , ( 6.40 – 4.20 ) , and (6.60 – 4.70 ) for pH , while the total acidity were ( 0.08 – 0.45 ) , ( 0.03 – 0.33 ) , ( 0.10 – 0.55 ) and ( 0.08 – 0.47 ) respectively . it was found that both of two isolates under study have good inhibition activity against E.coli and S.aureus as their counts were decreased from 106 c.f.u / g to 2 and 5 c.f.u / g in D1 , B1 , D2 and B2 respectively , also S.aureus number were decreased to 0 , 0 , 0 and 3 c.f.u / g D1 , B1 , D2 and B2 respectively .

The experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of Zinc on the vegetative and flowering characteristic of Somer and supermarimond tomato cultivars grown under unheated plastic houses, during 2005- 2006 season using R.C.B.D. design with 4 riplications .
Results indicated that spraying with 50 mg/l zinc twice the first at first flower emergence and the second 25 days after the first treatment was efficient. Highest rates of fruit weight, fruit number, fruit set percentage, flower number, number of shoots and hight for both cultivars used in this trial were improved. On the other hand there was asignificant impact of the treatment on the yield ( kg/plant ) and total fruit yiel

suffers of obvious decreasing of white meal production .The agriculture sector cannot fill now closing the gap between the local production & requirement &big port of consumption can be satisfied throw importing ,this problem increased widely after the difficulty in acquiring breeding fodder &other necessary equipment due to price and bad quality that imported from privet sector because the staff is engaged with other.
So its necessary to pay interest to project &here is the good of this study in the &economical analyses to found & using this porous of economical standers .
The invested Iraqi diner (ID) avenue standard score 10.647 ID ,i.e., bring in profit costed 0.647 ID as the period of reframing the working capital is relatively lower (9)month in average ,the percentage profit is 81% which is good & encourages the investors to do such product through the prices of in comes & expenses suffers from because of the local market condition .so the form achieves an economical profile -38000000ID , the result show that the farms instability & is frequent & decreasing in the of investing deal .
المقدمة:

The study which was held, depended on number of parameters expressed of land’s features to establish a system of Land Pasture Classification, and values were limited of these used parameters which land at this stage or after began to suffer from problems.
The used parameters were put in two group, first one is main limiters includes some feature can not be reclaimed by actual methods as soil depth, degree of slop, gravels and stones, texture class and gypsum and calcite content.
In second group include limiters which can treat them by inexpensive means from effort, time and cost side as salt content, normal fertilization and drainage level and abundant water case, and all mentioned parameters measured only soil thickness between (0-50cm). Classification system includes four classification levels (C1,C2, C3, C4) depending on limiters which every land pasture class suffers from it according to above limiters.
Class (1) is the land state which may suffer from one or two minor limiters, as shortage in nurturance elements or salinization, and in Class (2) is on the lands which suffer from main problem as least with secondary problem, so the secondary estimation represents as a level underclass.
Class (3) represents lands which suffer from more than one main problem in addition to other secondary problems which to be obstacle in production process.
Class (4) represents lands state which doesn’t suitable for pasture purposes because of the huge number of main and minor problem which also don’t fit to animal production purposes.

Studies on the efficacy of three toxic baits by using Chlorpyrifos , Abamectin ,Boric acid against German cockroaches Blattella germanica (L.) showed that the time required to kill 50% of cockroaches (KT-50) by the above mentioned toxic baits were 35 , 88.6 and 166.6 hrs. respectively . A significant deferences was also found between mortality of cockroaches killed with the mention of baits at the 7th day after treatment being reached to 88.6, 74, 53.2 % respectively. Killing was increased , when a fecal extract was added to the baits , this increased may due to the effect of aggregation pheromone in reducing the repellency of effect insecticide used in this assay . The value of relative avoidance index (RAI) and the an increase in bait consumption enforces considerable effect of aggregation pheromone to increase exposure of cockroaches to the toxicants despite the presence of alternative food in the arena

This study was carried out during 2002. The present study was conducted to test the effect of crude extracts fraction of La La A’ Bas plant Mirabili jalaba L. against the aphid Acyrthosiphon solani. The result showed that concentration 2500 ppm of both roots and (Leaves and stems together) extract gave the high efficacy with mortality range reached (%99.7 –100) and (%89.1– 91.7) respectively. Diethyl ether layer was high effective against this insect for both roots and (Leaves and stems together ) extracts with average mortality 61.0 and 60.1 % respectively compared with other layer. On the hand the flied study showed that the efficacy of diethyl ether layer for both roots and (Leaves and stems together) extracts was the higher effective too , and the average mortality reached (99.70, 98.0) and (87.7 %) for roots extract and 99.3, 87.3 and 66.3 % for ( Leaves and stems together) extracts after 1 , 3 and 5 days from the treatment respectivel.

This study was conducted at the Technical Institute al musaib during 20th of july to 22 of September.2006, 300 Ross chicken were reared in order to find the effect of local barley treated with β_glucanase inperformance productive of Ross broilers which included increasing weight gain, feed intake,feed conversion ratio. the study included five treatments, the first one was used standard ration without barley ,the second was used ration including 30% local barley without β_glucanase, the third was used ration including 30% local barley treated with β_glucanase, the fourth was used ration with 40 % local barley without β-glucanase and the fifth was used 40% local barley treated with β_glucanase, the result showed significant domination of 30% and 40% barley treated with β_gluganase at the rest of studied treatment in productive characters (average gain weight feed consumption and feed conversion) at most studied age (1-3, 3-8 , 1-8, and 1- 8 weeks) .the third treatment and fifth treatment dominated at control treatment , second treatment and fourth treatment in dressing percentage , which reach to 76.10% and 76,14% for the third and fifth treatment respectively where as treatment dominated was less for the rest treatment . the third and fifth treatment recorded list fat ratio in carcass compared with other treatments in this study.

This research was conducted to reveal the prevalence of Ascaridia galli in the local laying hens in seven districts of Najaf province from the first of January till the fist May 2005.The research depended on anatomy of numbers of hens for examination and counting of worms in the intestines of infected hens in addition to examination of fecal samples to demonstrate the eggs of the worms.
Results showed the percentage of infection with Ascaridia galli in hens in all the districts of Najaf province was 58.92 % according to the examined fecal samples, while the severity of infection was nearly equal in all the districts and no statistical differences noticed in infection among all locations of the research. The percentage of infection according to the on anatomy of hens was 47.15 % in all the locations of the province. The highest rate of severity infection was during January, February, March and April with out statistical difference among these months.
The results were also indicated that the numbers of males were slightly more than the numbers of the females of the worms.

Incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect Iron application on chemical equilibrium state of Iron compounds of some Iraqi soils and compounds showing which control of availability to uptake by plant. Two kind soils were used, heavy soil from Abu-Graib and light soil from Al-Mussiab treated with six levels of Iron (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16) mmol.Fe.Kg-1.soil as ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O).
All treats soil materials were incubated in an incubator at 25ºC for (4) incubation periods (day, three days, week, month). After each period samples were analyzed for, ECe, pH, and soluble Iron concentration in solution after equilibrium .Calculation of some thermodynamics indictears of Iron Ionic strength of solution, activity coefficient activity of Iron in equilibrium solution and iron potential in soil. Solubility diagram were calculated of Iron compounds in soil.
Results of this experiment showed same behavior of iron in light and heavy soils but that the heavy soil resulted high concentration of soluble iron from that light soil and decrease of iron potential from that light soil during all incubation periods and all level application.
Results also showed that low levels of Iron applied can not saturation to soil solution with soluble iron hydroxide during all incubation periods; The Lepidocrocite (µ-FeOOH) compound was controlled on iron availability in low time periods of incubation. Hematite (χ-Fe2O3) compound was controlled on Iron availability in long time's periods of incubation.
High applied levels of Iron can soil solution saturation of Iron oxides and hydroxide compounds during low times periods, maghemite(µ-FeO3) compound controlled on Iron availability at low times periods of incubation , Lepidocrocite compound was controlled at long times periods of incubation

Twenty seven Awassi ewes at different ages (2, 3 and 4 years) with their single lambs at lambing were assigned randomly into three groups. After lambing they fed on three rations different in protein level (10.68, 12.52, and 14.68%), weekly and total milk yield and chemical composition were recorded during the experimental period (12 weeks). The results indicated that the dietary protein level had highly significant (P≤0.01) effect on the lambs weight,average daily gain and total gain how ever the lambs average daily gainand total gain , were increased significantly (P<0.01) as protein level in ration increased from 10.5 or 12.5% to 14.5 %, also male lambs were significantly(p<0.05) higher than female lambs in body weight, average daily gain and total gain. While age of ewe has no significant effect on lambs growth from birth until weaning.

This experiment was conducted evaluate the effect of mulching by polyethelene on Nitrogen volatilization from silty loam soil was added in lysimeters (30x30x30)cm . Cucumber was planted and with (NPK) fertilizers .
Experiment included two treatmrnts , mulching and non – mulching ,Randomize Complete design with four replication was used in this study . Irrigation was done Reach to filed capacity and when soil moisture lossed 55% of available water .
Results showed significant decreased ( P = 0.05 ) of nitrogen volatilization at Percentage 48% in mulching treatment compare with non – mulching treatment , and significant increased (P = 0.05) of dry weight and product of cucumber at percentage 60% , 65% respectively in mulching treatment compare with non – mulching treatment .

Non – wood forest products are an important part of the forestry industry in the world. The extractives from softwoods contain all classes of terpenes, one of these classes are the volatile oils. This study concentrates on the presence of these oils in the bark of Pinus brutia grown in north of Iraq. The Pet.ether (40-60 Co) extract of the bark identified by thin-layer chromatography technique using a plates of (2mm ) thickness . By using the silica gel the identification results appeared that, the bark contained at least four compounds (-pinene, -pinene, camphene and borneol). These compounds were identified through comparisons with their Rf-values in the tables. The percentage of these components were approximately 3.1% from the air dried bark of Pinus brutia

This study was conducted to evaluate the interaction effect of different levels of agricultural sulfur, organic matter source and compaction on the biological oxidation of sulfur, through studying the variation in population densities of autotrophic and heterotrophic sulfur oxidizing microorganisms during different incubation periods. A factorial experiment was conducted according to a complete randomization design with three replicates., to know the effect of three agricultural sulfur levels (0 , 1 and 2) gm Sº. kg-1 soil (S0 , S1 and S2) respectively, with three organic matter treatments those without organic matter, addition of dried alfalfa and cow manure which added in one level 6 gm C. kg-1 soil (C0 , C1 and C2) respectively. Soil compacted to reach three levels of bulk density 1.25 , 1.35 and 1.45 Mg. m-3 (B1 , B2 and B3) respectively. All the treatments was incubated at 28± 2◦C for 15 , 30 and 45 days (T1 , T2 and T3) respectively with maintenance the soil moisture content for all treatments at 50% of the available water by weight method,: Through every incubation period the population density of autotrophic and heterotrophic sulfur oxidizing microorganisms were evaluated by M.P.N. method. The results obtained from this study could be summarized as follows:

1- population density of both autotrophic and hetrotrophic sulfur oxidizers differently affected by sulfur, organic source and compaction treatments. The higher average counts of the autotrophes were (16.58 , 30.33 and 11.1 x 102 cells. g-1 dry soil were recorded under treatments S1 , C1 and B2 respectively, while those of the hetrotrophies (6.29 , 7.62 and 5.55) x 107 cells. g-1 dry soil were found in S0 , C2 and B2 treatments. Respectively.
2- Generally, The interaction treatments showed the highest values at (S1C1B2) treatment after 30 days of incubation (T2). population densities of autotrophic and heterotrophic S-oxidizers recorded under this treatment were 7.98 x 102 and 7.98 x 107 cells. g-1 dry soil, respectively.