Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences

Transactional databases can be updated by three cases; the addition of new transactions, the deletion of set of transactions, andor increasing or decreasing of the support of the itemsets. The update process affects the previously mined itemsets, some of the large items will be small and vice versa. Therefore the updated database should be re-mined to discover the changes in the hidden itemsets. There are many algorithms to avoid the re-mining process in the case of updating a database by addition and there is one algorithm in case of changing the value of the support. But there is no actual algorithm to avoid the re-mining in the case of deletion. This research presents a novel algorithm to manipulate this case. The proposed algorithm manipulates the three possibilities of the deletion that are deletion of one or more items from a transaction or set of transactions, deletion of a set of transactions, and deletion of items from transactions and deletion of set of transactions at the same time. The experimental result shows that the updating algorithm outperforms the re-mining process in considerable amount of execution time.

It is stated with regard to nano- technology that "the main unifying theme is the control of matter on smaller than micrometer …as well as the fabrication of devices on this same scale" (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia 2007).
It is also said that nano-technology mainly consists of, processing, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule (Tanignchi, 1974).
The main objective of the present research is to find out whither nano-technology suggests useful analogies for thinking about organization development.
For this purpose a single "decision" is considered standing for a "molecule" while the whole organization , which is a network of interrelated decisions, stands for the "whole"(the material).
Possibilities of introducing required changes in the whole interrelated decisions' network, through introducing certain planned changes in the contents of a decision, are explored in related literature.
Findings of the analysis have proved that nano-technology perspective can be of certain benefits in organization development provided that proper psychological and behavioral tools are used for diagnosing and manipulating decision makers' incentives and motives.

Different ways have used to solve the problem of simple division of DNA and the results have been obtained by the researchers varied between good results and the other did not reach the desired results. In this research, has been proposed to use the formulation of a new method to change any form by use of heating, which relies on the principle of physics idea was to bring the heat for metals and thus gradually change shape to form the required start as high a temperature and decreasing gradually to get the required form of the metal. Applying the same principle we enable for getting simple solution to the problem of the division of DNA and the results are excellent, where it is given the value of high temperature in the beginning process of the division of several divisions to stop and start a gradual decline in the value of the temperature to get to stopping of the division.

The study is concerned with discussing the historical development of the definition of probability . In addition , it tackles the important attempts carried out by statisticians ( e.g Savage , Russell ) to make the definition more comprehensive . The work also introduces the researchers view point which briefly reads that the definition of probability should be reconsidered from a philosophical perspective .

Semi-empirical equations for water flow through packed bed have been estimated, for different types of packing systems (mono size spherical particle system, mono size non spherical particle system, binary sized spherical particle system, ternary sized spherical particle system, quaternary sized spherical particle system, quinary sized spherical particle) depending on Buckingham π theorem. The working range of the modified equation is within the fixed region of the fluid flow diagram, i.e., the modified equation can be used for fluid flow up to the fluidization point.
The results of all calculations for the modified equations have been compared with many documented experimental literatures. This comparison gave a very good agreement, and has been represented in curves. The results from Ergun equation using similar conditions have been represented in the curves for the sake of comparison.

The subject of production line balance and assembling is considered important in regard to layout of the plant. It has been found interesting for the researchers and academies who participate in presenting many methods and techniques to help providing heuristic solutions and the others are optimal ,in addition to applying some algorithms, artificial intelligence and expert systems in solving the question and the problems of production line balance and this research used the method of branch and bound and probability and comparing that with the reality of AL-Hilal company- the plant of air-cooler, and the research reached the conclusion that assure that (the method of branch and bound ,and the probability method presented standards for better results compared to how the current method.

Computer security has to re-invent itself. New technologies and new applications bring new threats. Especially with the increasing growth of data a communication cryptography and data security are an essential requirements for communication privacy.
This paper present a new approach that combines between two technical partial cryptography and 2D wavelet transform. The process consists of two stages: First stage is to compress the image to reach LL2 and LL3. Second stage is to pass the resulting image after compression process to encryption process that uses image that has strong randomness used as a key.
The result of this approach is good and helps in solving the problem of keeping image privacy.
Key word: Image Compression, Wavelet, Random Key Generated, Partial
Cryptography.

The financial reporting concept refers to the activities practiced by the economical units so as to provide and submit the accounting financial information concerning its activities to the other beneficiary groups . such purposes the accounting information must obtain a high level of quality deduced form the specific characteristics of such information .
The main concern and interest were focused on studying and analyzing the role of the quality of the financial reporting in the firm’s value since one of the goals of the financial reporting is providing useful information to the investors the present and the future – and other users to help them in the evaluation of the degree of uncertainty surrounding the cash gains expected from the interests and distributions. The present study aimed at the identification of the quality of the financial reporting and its influences on the firm’s value and the relationship between them.
The main concern of this study is to prove the relationship of the quality of the financial reporting and its effect on the value of the firm depending on the practical and theoretical approaches practiced on sample of companies listed in the Iraqi stock market.
The importance of this research is clearly shown through the explanation of the effect of raising quality of the financial reporting on the firm’s value, which is regarded ad one of main factors of its success in the financial market.
Accordingly, the research depended on a main hypothesis directed towards testing the effect and the relationship between the quality of the financial reporting and the value of the firm in the study under discussion. The most Important results reached so for found that there is a relationship and a positive effect for the variance of the quality of the financial reporting in the value of companies under study the sample of.

The present study is a contribution in the filed of Arabic character recognition. The first step is to enter an image from a scanner, and then some special processes are done on the image like (smoothing and thinning and resizing) before continuous to segmentation phase. Then modified moment invariant computed using the shape boundary of the character only is utilized as features.
Also this study is concerned with the recognition of handwritten Arabic character drawn on a graphic tablet. At first feature that are suitable for recognition are proposed. Feature that are found to be independent of the writer style are represented as a list (vector) of integer values.
The designed system in general view is an Arabic text recognition system basically includes a segmentation stage in order to recognize handwritten Arabic words. The segmentation process is completely based on tracing the outer of given word and calculating the output distance between the extreme points of intersection of the contour with vertical line. At the output of the segmentation stage the cursive word is presented as a sequence of isolated character contour.

In most of studies about the logistic regression model take in it's nature more progness in the procedure of acurate statistical analysis which aim getting estimators of a high level of efficiency , and importance of it's necessity to applicate of the robust methods, appears when the data of the studied phenomenon are contaminated , it means some of the observations vareit clearly from other observations called outliers which may produce estimators untrustworthy and so the decision will be false about the problem that we are trying to study it .
From this point was the goal of this research in reaching robust estimators to estimate parameters of binary response logistic regression model through study estimators (method (WMLE) , OLS )Also the researcher specified a chapter for applying and using method
WMLE (w1) on real data of angina pectoris patients which taking from Ibn-al- Nafees hospital for the purpose of estimate parameters of binary logistic regression model.

This study concentrates on the optimal investment portfolio , which is represents the goal of securities investors , because its achieve the objective of them in maximize the returns and minimize the risks .
In this point the study tries to consider the basis of building the optimal investment portfolio by the investors in the Iraqi exchange security market by using simple ranking model .
The conclusion of the study proves the highly efficiency of this model in building the optimal investment portfolio in this market , and its ability to choose and form the suitable stocks .

So the Globalization become the most important phenomenon which spread among the human beings in the twenty one century , its is also the essential phenomenon in the modern world and it shows the features of the future and determine through it the (social ,economical ,cultural ,mental) nature and effects. The more marked globalization effects are dropping and removing the economic constraints among the world countries canceling the protection and all that was after establishing the international trade organization ,the appearance of international and regions economic groups ,the competition of the market and realizing the incorporation and integration among the world markets and opening many competitions.
So that the problem’s research is centering around the ability of weakness on the simulation flied of would banking which is depended on set of current factor that included the bank’s strategic , stricture , survive objective and the trust of investors , communications and information. Therefore the study is building on the basic hypothesis (there is signifies relationship between the globalization factor and the bank business requirements. The summary of research is summered to the set of conclusion , the best important of them are banks need to support the financial position from restructure which is the main require to inter the markets would in addition that using of web sit (internet) and used the tools of modern marketing . According to that the research formulized it’s recommendation .

The agricultural sector suffers from continuous declining in its Economic returns because of the following reasons :-
1) The drought and agricultural diseases.
2) The declining of subsidiaries from government and the ineffective
Role of banks in supporting farmers with loans.
3) The valid regulations are still old and need substantial changes so
To become consistent with market economy and under the
Absolute control of the government.
4) Most of the farmers have limited information about the importance
Of insurance in covering their agricultural activities with economic
Guarantees of insurance.

For all these reasons ,we are trying through this paper to understand
This issue and to recognize the role of insurance sector in Iraq to
Participate in providing the necessary guarantees and to activate the
Insurance programs on agricultural products to avoid increasing Losses in agricultural work or to distribute these losses among all
The farmers .

The integration of the information systems and the accounting information system with the human resources aid to measure the worth of the human resources in a financial way and contribute in the planning of that resources on the level of the economic unity and on the national level through the contribution in the putting of the employment polices and what joints it of polices, emigration organizing, Wages, promotions, and appraisals in a scientific way.
The system of human resources accounting data is one branch of the accounting data, concern the founding of all the historical, current and future information which relate to the human resources, then introduce it to the concern sides whether they are internal or external to declare the worth of the human resources which is considered the