Journal of The College of Education

This research dealt with two semantic phenomena, namely (tandem, and opposites), as they are considered to be important semantic phenomena in the field of semantics. Grow and develop, and the study of these two phenomena was shed in seven explanations of the approach to rhetoric (Sharh al-Bayhaqi, Sharh al-Rawandi, Sharh Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh al-Bahrani, Sharh al-Khoei, Sharh al-Tastari and Sharh al-Shirazi), but I chose those explanations because it is one of the most important explanations of the approach Rhetoric and the attention of scholars, as well N that it represents a comprehensive vision over the centuries (the sixth century AH, VII, modern century) and include material linguistic rich worthy of study and analysis, this study aimed to reveal the commentators effort in these phenomena and their consent to scientists. This research was divided into two topics: tandem and opposites. The study found that tandem and opposites often share the causes of their occurrence, and the main reason for them is the difference in dialects and phonetic development, and the explanation does not differ from the ancient ones in those reason.

This research examines modern theory and applies it to a Quranic script that is characterized by abysmal levels that aim at presenting the argument to the polytheists who opposed the Prophet (pbh) and the revelation.
It is added that the Sura was divided into three scenes, and the latter includes a set of authentic factors that make the reader pay attention to the dialogue presented by the Qur'anic text to convince the interviewer .

تشكل ظاهرة المعنى والإعراب ميداناً واسعاً من ميادين البحث العلمي في النحو العربي، ولا مبالغة إذا ما عدت هذه الفكرة قوام النحو وميدانه الأرحب. وفي هذا البحث تناولت مسألة التوجيه النحوي لما احتمل أكثر من إعراب، لاسيما ما غابت عنه القرينة الصارفة إليه والمانعة غيره منه، وقد أخذت فكرة (المصدر المعرفة المحذوف فعله) وعرضتها على توجيهات السمين الحلبي في كتابه الدر المصون، فبدت لي قضية علمية ذات قيمة بيانية ودلالية، إذ عرض السمين عدة توجيهات للمصدر المشار إليه برز فيها وجه المفعول لأجله والحال والمصدر على غيرها من الأوجه النحوية المحتملة. وكان ترتيبها على وفق ترتيب المصحف في السور التي ورد فيها المصدر المعرفة، أبدأ بعرض أقوال العلماء السابقين له، لنخلص إلى قيمة هذا العرض ومدى الاتقان الذي كان عليه السمين في توجيهاته.

The present study demonstrates the concept of structure subordinates as Ibn Ashoor thinks, and how he utilized this concept to interpret the structures of the Quran in his well-known interpretation (Tafsir) al-Tahrir wa'l-Tanwir.
In the introduction of this book, Ibn Ashoor talks in details about the origins of Quran interpretation, in which the structure subordinates are presented as he talks about Homonyms, or multiple-meaning words, and how we can deal with.
The study traces, in Ibn – Ashoor's Interpretation, all the signs of structure subordinates, that come out in the introduction or in the interpretation. All of them formed researching information on the theoretical and practical levels. These signs have been collected and classified with suitable titles to form a pillar through which Ibn Ashoor's opinion and effort about structure subordinates can be extracted.
The conclusion shows briefly his opinion about the concept of structure subordinates.

This research deals with the origins of the shaanic beliefs ,which remaind unknown and central to many , although their origin dates back to the period 13 th AD Century when Genghis Khan led a large expansionist movement in which he conquerd many countries, who belong to the Shamanic religion, and the most important findings of the research that we have unique opinion about the new shamanic beliefs and almost Arab Islamic Sources that almost gather that the followers of this religion embrace the multiple Gods such as the Sun , Moon, Lightning, Thunder and others . While this study , based on European Sources and travelers' contentions that visted the part of this country , confirms that the followers of the Shamanic faith believe in one God Creator of the Universe , and that the sanctification of Natural phenomena such as the Sun, Moon, and others is nothing but sanctification propel them and that these phenomena would not have happened had it not been for the wrath of Mala Tangerri .

This study sheds light on one of the legendary kings in the ancient Iranian Mithi history, as Jamshid is considered the most important king of the legendary Pisidian era, and that the details of his life and kingdom, and the work that he immortalized in its memory, became a common article in the ancient Iranian-Indian mythology. The research will touch on his personality, his kingdom, his accomplishments, his works, the story of the snow flood that was its hero, and the savior of mankind in it, and how the gods weakened and abandoned him, lost his divine conciliation, and eventually led to the end of his kingdom, and then his death.

The history of French-British relations received attention from researchers due to the impact of the two countries on the history of modern and contemporary world. Schuman and Pleven projects are of the important topics that were not clearly highlighted, and here we seek to study France's policy towards European unity projects and the British position on that policy during the time of study.
From the problem of choosing the subject, it is possible to determine the paths that the research proceeded according to the following questions. Was France seeking, through proposing the two projects, to lead the European world? Was Britain's position on the two projects stemming from its view of itself as the first European power to influence international politics? Was Pleven’s project a response to Britain's agreement to arm West Germany? Did the internal conditions of the two countries have an impact on their European policy?
The researcher concluded that Britain’s position went through two phases, the first of which was that the European unity project provides it with economic, political and military support. On the one hand, it wanted to obtain financial support from the United States of America, and on the other hand, it wanted to appear as the European leader, meaning that it is the first European country, leading the countries of Europe. As for the second stage, which was represented by the positive opposition to French projects, on the one hand, it did not oppose the project and did not stand against it. On the other hand, it did not support the project. Britain was participating in dialogues and negotiations without giving commitments, and this was due to its belief in the necessity of keeping pace with developments from the inside and staying close to events, in order not to enter political intersections with the United States of America, France and Germany, and on the other hand it was maneuvering its positions by supporting the proposal to rearm Germany. It aimed to block French projects, and indeed Britain succeeded in thwarting these projects from within. Once they had not joined them, France failed to pass its projects.

The biography in all its forms and types is extremely important for what it provides of personal and historical information, embodied mirrored mirror that narrates personal tales and elected topics reflecting confessions, values, ideas and meanings of a human nature describing what is circulating in the soul and what it hides from satanic impulses, and perhaps what distinguishes the memoirs of the prince Abdullah has recognized confessions and their implications in all its negative and positive aspects. Conflict, chaos, corridors, policy scenes, and their Machiavellian actions that advance the personal interest over the public interest represent an element or a destructive gene that is necrosis as an ideological virus that justifies every act that Ola morally motivated him where the governor's interests with the interests of the people melt and exercise ideological justification for its work in falsifies reality and self-recognition in front of that reality is stable, secure and constant does not change. Everything is permitted in politics and the game mastered by the sectarian kings.

most prominent Translators of The Abbasid Era The Through our study of translation at the time of the Abbasid Caliphs, these translations were Predominated that they were from Greek to Arabic especially in the fields of medicine, philosophy and logic .AS for the translation from Persian to Arabic , medicine did not prevail in it, but subjects of literary heritage overcame it .As for the translation from Hindi to Arabs have known the heritage of India throng translation after the conquests operations .
We have translated the work of some of the most prominent translators in the Abbasid era who took over the task of translating Persian , Greek and Indian quotes into Arabic and informing them about the Arabs.

The research aims to reveal the geographical analysis of agricultural land uses in the Shuhaimia area as well as explaining the reasons that result from the nature of the agricultural process in these crops in order to optimize the investment of agricultural land according to the natural and human resources available within the study area. The prominent findings show that there are five crops that are cultivated which are (Wheat, barley, yellow corn, cattle, millet) are grown in wide area (95371) dunums with a quantity of (86861.75) tons per year and are located on different areas during agricultural districts.

Poverty is primarily an economic and social phenomenon, And It represents a state of deprivation in some aspect of an individual's life, Therefore, the research aims to define the reality of poverty in the study area and the extent of its impact on the educational level in it. Poverty affects education through a poor standard of living and an inability to meet the requirements of education. This leads to cases of leakage, repetition and high rates of illiteracy, Where working to meet the basic needs of life and confront poverty and unemployment is a priority, While education is a secondary aspect of an individual’s life after providing the basic requirements for life, especially food, clothing, and housing, It was clear through the research that the poverty rate has increased, reaching (44.1%) in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate and (52.2%) in Al-Muthanna, and it had a role in the decline of the educational level in the study area, As there were strong correlations between poverty and illiteracy (0.94), Also, a strong correlation between unemployment and illiteracy amounted to (0.80), Also, the relationship between high study and illiteracy costs amounted to (0.84), This confirms the effect of poverty on the decline in the educational level in the study area. Therefore, it is necessary to work to address the phenomenon of poverty in the study area by supporting the economic sector and following the educational reality in terms of interest in educational institutions, both in quantity and quality. In addition to monitoring enrollment rates, addressing repetition and dropout rates, and the extent of parents' interest in education.

Heavy rain is the rain whose quantities range between (11-20.9 mm), which is a standard that varies from region to region according to the difference in the type of rain, its quantity and system, and the term abundance depends on the amount of rain precipitation, its duration and intensity, and the total heavy rainfall has reached (135) rain During the study period from (2006-2016), the surface air depressions contributeto the occurrence of heavy rains, and their intensity and intensity increase according to the characteristics of these depressions. And another

The research aims to identify the appropriateness of the bumps in streets of Al-Kut city by analyzing the status and design of the bumps in the city's streets and revealing the planning pattern and the approved standards for setting the bumps and the environmental suitability of the city's street, And improving the situation of bumps through collecting data and analyzing it to identify weaknesses, identifying critical issues and addressing them on a scientific basis as one of the goals of developing and developing services in the city, which are usually ignored despite their seriousness and great importance, as they contribute to reaching a state of interaction between man and his environment, The research showed that the bumps in the city streets were laid without specific criteria and did not take into account the engineering design of the bumps or the materials that were constructed with them and were not taken into consideration the quality of the streets covering and the speed of the vehicles traveling on them and did not take into account the density of traffic in them as the geographical distribution of these bumps did not It takes into account the problems of environmental pollution and traffic congestion and economic damage to cars and psychological comfort for drivers and passengers and traffic accidents

the study aims at:
1- measuring the psychological ownership of head teachers.
2- Identifying differences in psychological ownership of schools' head teachers based on gender variable and according to school level (primary, intermediate, preparatory and secondary).
The number of the investigated subjects of the research was 500 male and female head teachers working within the general directorate of wasset province.
The subjects were chosen randomly and were divided on the basis of gender into 374 male head teachers, 126 female head teachers, on the basis of the school level into 378 male and female head teachers of primary schools and 66 male and female head teachers of intermediate schools and 28 male and female head teachers of secondary schools. To achieve the goal set for the research. The scale of psychological ownership desgined by olckers(2011) was adopted.
The psychometric properties of validity and consistency were calculated. The data obtained from the research were processed statistically by using appropriate the following:
1- head teachers have a high level of psychological ownership.
2- the presence of statistically significant difference between male and female head teachers in favour of female head teachers.
3-there are statistically significant difference in the psychological ownership of school's male and female head teachers according to the variable of school level (primary, intermediate, preparatory and secondary) in favour of primary and preparatory and secondary the researcher concluded the recommendations the findings of the research.

The research aimed to identify the rank of the big Five Factors in personality as well as the ranks of leadership patterns among principals of primary and secondary schools, It also aimed to identify of the differences in the big five factors in personality and the differences in patterns of leadership behavior among school principals according to the variable of the school level (primary, secondary), It also aimed to identify the relationship between the big five major factors in personality and patterns of leadership behavior among principals of primary and secondary schools, The study was conducted on a sample consisting of (100) principals of a primary and secondary school in the center of Baquba, A scale of the big five factors in personality was used (Buchanan 2001), which was translated into Arabic by Al-abrahimi 2012, and a measure of leadership behavior was prepared by Al-Naji and Al-Maghidi 1995, The study found that the Extraversion personality factor has come first, then the factors of Agreeableness , Openness to experience, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism, came from the second to the fifth, The study also found that the pattern of democratic leadership behavior has come first, so the pattern of chaotic behavior that came second, and finally the pattern of authoritarian behavior that came third and last, The study also found that there were no differences in the big five factors in the personality of the study level (primary, secondary) except for the Extraversion factor that found differences for primary school principals, As for leadership behavior patterns, the results indicated that there are no differences in the study level (primary, secondary). Finally, the study found positive and negative correlations and sometimes no relationship between the big five factors in personality and patterns of leadership behavior.

This study aimed to identify the relationship between the level of deficiency of vitamin (D) and the symptoms of mood disorder among a sample of clients of private medical laboratories in Makkah AlMokarramah City. It also aimed to identify the differences between five private medical laboratories in the average degree of mood disorder. In addition, this study aimed to predict the average degree of vitamin (D) and the existence of mood disorder. The study used descriptive (correlation) methodology to collect data using the Mood Disorder Scale on a sample of 200 clients (both sexes) of private medical laboratories in Makkah AlMokarramah City, which all have vitamin (D) deficiency. Results showed a statistically significant inverse correlation between the level of vitamin (D) and the symptoms of mood disorder at the level of significance (p ≤ .05). There are significant differences (p ≤ .05) in Mood Disorder between the five laboratories in favor of Al-Issawi Laboratory. The symptoms of Mood Disorder can be used to predict vitamin (D) deficiency. There are multiple correlations between vitamin (D) deficiency and Mood Disorder. The researchers recommended several recommendations, including: inserting the vitamin (D) within the range of procedures used to assess the level of mental disorders, and recommended the need to exposure to the sunlight and eat natural food rich in vitamin (D).

The current research aims to know:-
Level of death anxiety resulting from the Corona pandemic in a sample of Iraqi society-
- The significance of the statistical differences in the level of death anxiety resulting from the Corona pandemic in a sample of the ethnic community according to the gender variable (male - female).
- - The significance of the statistical differences in the level of death anxiety resulting from the Corona pandemic in a sample of Iraqi society according to the age variable..
The sample of the study consists of ( 317) individuals , ( 133) males and ( 185) females , of four categories of ages , the 1st category includes ages less than 20 years old and their number has been (19) , the 2nd category includes ages ranging between 21-39 years old and their number has been ( 205), the 3rd category includes ages ranging between 40-59 years old and their number has been (85), the 4th category includes ages more than 60 years old and their number has been (8). Scale of death anxiety of corona pandemic has been applied by ( Donald Tambler) (1976), he extracted the consistence by the method of (Kronbach) (79) . The researchers have indicated that there has been a high level of death anxiety in the light of Corona pandemic and there have not been differences between the two genders in the level of death anxiety . There have been differences in the coefficient of the age among category their ages ranging between 21-39 years old in the level of death anxiety of corona pandemic . The researchers , to complete the current study , have reached to some recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aimed at identifying the wrong school behaviors among middle school students in the city of Souk Al-Shuyukh, and identifying the differences in the level of wrong school behaviors according to the variables of the fourth (middle and fifth) middle classes (branch - scientific - literary). The basic research sample consisted of (300) students They were randomly chosen from the schools of Souk Al-Shuyukh city, which amounted to (10) schools, (150) students from the fourth intermediate class and (150) students from the fifth intermediate class, and then an equal stratified random sample was drawn from these schools and by (100) students from the fourth scientific and (50) female students from the fourth literary school, at the rate of (100) students It consists of the fifth scientific and (50) students from the fifth literary. To achieve the goals of the research, the researcher has built a tool for wrong school behaviors that consisted of (27) items with three alternatives (large, medium, and never), and the apparent honesty of the tool has been verified by presenting it to a group of experts and professors specialized in educational and psychological sciences as achieved It is proven that it is a re-test method, since the value of the stability factor in this way is (0.82). Data were statistically treated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples, T-test for the correlation coefficient, and appropriate statistical methods were used. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of wrong school behavior according to the class variable and for the fourth grade in addition to the branch variable and in favor of the literary branch. The researcher also came out with a number of recommendations and proposals that limit wrong school behaviors.

The current research aims to know what the social cost is, and the most important social repercussions of the spread of the Corona virus in human societies, and to know the extent of health awareness of the risk of coronavirus infection among community members, and to diagnose the effects on society members as a result of government preventive measures from the Corona virus, and the researcher sought to find answers to questions Presented in the research problem, including: -
1- Is the spread of corona virus in society a social crisis?
2- What are the social costs of spreading the Corona virus?
3- What is the level of societal confidence in government measures in the prevention and treatment of the Coronavirus pandemic?
The researcher intentionally presented a conceptual framework for all the variables of the research, and presented samples from previous studies who are related to the subject of the research, and the current research is descriptive and analytical research that used the social survey method using the random sample method of five residential areas in the phrase (Diyala Governorate), A sample of (185) respondents was chosen, and the questionnaire tool was used as the main research tool, and the participatory observation tool was used to collect data and information on the researched phenomenon, and the current research has reached several field results, including:
1- More than half of the research sample, at a rate of (53%), attribute the cause of the spread of coronavirus infection to a divine punishment for individuals and societies.
2 - (61%) of the total sample believes that the pandemic of the Coronavirus has been exaggerated in the media, to the point of intimidation, and that half of the research sample (49.2%) had a state of social phobia when they heard the news of the expansion of the disease pandemic.
3- (55.1%) of the respondents indicated that they did not face family problems due to staying at home, and (44.9%) of the total respondents indicated that they were exposed to family
problems and the most common problems that children faced with their parents.
4- All respondents have suffered from financial and social damages and costs as a result of staying at home to prevent corona virus, whether through anxiety and fear or leaving work and exposure to unemployment and poverty.

This research aimed at identifying the role of Educational counselor in In Anchoring the culture of dialogue at the students of preparatory schools, and the differences in schools counselors’ role level according to the two variables of (gender- grade). The main research sample consisted of (300) students randomly chosen from (6) preparatory schools in Mosul city; (3) of males and (3) of females. A random class sample was picked from these schools; (25) males and (25) females of each grade. The researcher checked the apparent credibility of the instrument by showing it to a number of experts specialized in sciences of educations and psychology, the stability of the instruments was also checked via Chrunbach’s Alpha test and its stability coefficient was (0.82). The data were statistically processed using the Pearson correlation coefficient; t- test for one sample, t-test for two independent samples and t- test for the significance of the correlation coefficient. The results came as follows: a significant difference of the school counselor’s role level existed according to the variable of gender in favor of females, and the non-existence of it according to the variable of grade.

Democracy Systems have followed the means of Participation of the people in Political life and Jurists have been Interested in Developing Various forms of People's Participation perhaps the Prosecution theory is One of the images of Popular Representation in shaping the country's political, The Deputy in Parliaments is the Representative ,The People are the Principal, and in Democratic Systems, This Representation is made Through Political Parties and they are a group of Individuals Working to reach Power in Order to Implement their Political Program. In the Worth noting that the Legislative Criminal Policy has two elements: The first is Criminalization and the second is Punishment and Laws are used When The perpetrator Violates what is Stipulated in the Laws of Political Parties , and this is a role of the Legislative Criminal Policy in the field of Laws Political Parties.

The beginning stage of the eighties is a turning point in the Egyptian political system, as well as in the march of US-Egyptian relations, due to the developments in the political system in the Arab Republic of Egypt, and the change of the Egyptian political view after it was at the time of President Gamal Abdel Nasser heading towards the east and the former Soviet Union, In the time of President Mohamed Anwar Sadat, she became heading towards the United States of America, as President Sadat viewed all of the West and the United States of America, especially as a great power that has a great role through which Egypt can play a regional role in the region, and it has followed the same pattern President Mohamed H Sunni Mubarak, so the US-Egyptian relations were distinguished from other regional countries, but this does not mean that there are no limitations limiting these relations, especially with regard to regional relations of Egypt such as their relationship (israel) and their various regional positions in which they wanted to satisfy the American side.

Our research deals with the role and function of technologies in their relationship and their compatibility with a visual system that forms and manifests the vision of the director in constructing his theatrical discourse and its furnishing with the mixing of all visual, auditory and interacting elements with contemporary variables in reading the theater scene both knowledge and aesthetically, if the research confirms that the aesthetic movement is not abstract formality and lost images In the theatrical space, rather, it stems from the intellectual springs that the director translates by employing techniques that are not described by elements attached and added (by force) to a philosophical meaning, but rather a dramatic foundation based on two binaries combined to establish the structure of the presentation.

Through our research tagged (the nature of the provisions of the constitutional judiciary and its role in achieving its independence), we try to highlight that the provisions of the constitutional judiciary represent the tool in which it invades the field of political action to draw the boundaries of its legitimacy in light of what is decided by the constitutional system of the state, And the sources of its legal nature draw the limits of its effectiveness in facing public authorities, which the legislator consecrates as basic principles in the work of the constitutional judiciary, through which it affirms the status of this judiciary among the constitutional authorities and enhances its independence in facing them.
And through it, it guarantees its effectiveness in achieving the goals for which it was found when the parties addressing its provisions do not find a way to delay or refrain from implementing them. While the constitutional judge addresses the various disputes within his jurisdiction and issues its rulings according to the evidence and arguments presented therein, and there is no authority over him in that except the law. However, his rulings often address political issues that constitute the application of the constitutional texts that he works to protect, which presupposes the judge to be aware of the nature of the dispute of a political nature and the seriousness of the implications of the rulings that can be issued in it.

The rise of contract interaction by electronic means led to necessity of new rules to govern these electronic relations legally for the sake of protecting contact’s parties, especially rules dealing with the way of expressing party’s will by exchange data electronically, achieved data security, prevent intruders from access these data in the age of spreading of data fraud.
All that lead to emphasis of obtain electronic data like unique identifier number, which adopted by Lebanese’s legislature.
As to Iraqi legislature didn’t regulate unique identifier number in spite of its important to the law of electronic signature and electronic transactions No. (78) of 2012 but the law of electronic signature and electronic transactions give a legal definition to electronic documents in Sub article (ten) of Article one of the law.
But we must take in consideration that contract traditionally initiated by offer from one party with acceptance from other party ; in Electronic contract the will of party sometime express by a electronic mediated party without the interference of human party, that shed a doubt on the legality of the action of automotive factor and is this automation give the contract legal validity or it’s a void contract? Iraqi legislation regulate the relation of communication of contract party in the articles (18/19/20) respectively in law of electronic signature and electronic transactions No. (78) of 2012, we can concluded that the electronic contract held by electronic mediation is valid. There is another assumption when the price of product in contract is pre-determine; is this contract is void because there is no agreement on the price or it is valid as contract regarded a slandered contract?. We can concluded that Iraqi legislator could have avoid that by specified a legal role for that situation to end any dispute may arise in future.
As to electronic payment we can say it’s have multiple disadvantages in spite of its available legal protection provided which lead us to suggest to maintain new technical means to reach a legal security like the system of encryption adopted by United States of America( Iraq didn’t adopted)