Journal of sustainable studies

This research deals with the study of the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in health prevention and aims to show the effect of the morphological structure in directing the significance of the hadith Because it has certain semantic aspects, choosing one of them alone leads to determining the meaning of the noble text with a specific semantic point Changing it to another leads to a change from one meaning to another So that the text leads to the significance required of it in explaining what was mentioned on the tongue of the Prophet of instructions, directives and legislation to Muslims In their lives they obey their Lord and Prophet and maintain the health of their bodies and souls. Using specific morphological structures that lead to associated semantics She sheds light on specific points in the significance of health protection wanted by the Hadiths.

This reading seeks to shed light on the announcement of the beginning of the creation of the universe as one of the important questions that have accompanied man from his first inception to the present time. This is because the unseen is a social and environmental ideology that dominated pre-Islamic Arabic language, so it took on different and diverse dimensions and methods for knowing what was hidden from it. As a curious creature who yearns to know the hidden meanings of things, and what is hidden from them, this type of advertising is necessarily based on an unseen cognitive hierarchy deposited in the religious collective mind of the recipient. This, on the one hand, and on the other hand, reflects the communicative ties between the creator of the text and its recipients, on the one hand. Other.

Climate is the master of environmental factors and is one of the important factors, if not the most important of them all, in affecting aquatic and terrestrial animal life. Pressures on biological diversity have increased in Iraq, and on Dhi Qar Governorate in particular, as a result of high temperature rates, a decrease in rainfall, and a decrease in River levels, and invasive alien species are one of the causes of the extinction of endemic species. Animal diversity in the study area faces great pressures that affect its distribution and survival. Perhaps the most prominent of these pressures and influencing factors is climate change, in addition to other environmental factors. Climatic characteristics vary in Dhi Qar Governorate according to the seasons. year due to the variation in the amount of solar radiation received, and thus the variation in temperatures, and the variation in pressure systems affecting the climate. The dominant region in the governorate is the desert region, which is characterized by high rates of solar radiation, and high rates of maximum and minimum temperatures, in addition to an increase in the daily, monthly, and annual temperature range. The climate of the governorate (study area) is characterized by a lack of rainfall, a decrease in its activity, and its fluctuation from year to year, and sometimes its interruption for successive years, which led to a decline in the amount of water in the marshes of the study area and a decrease in its levels, which created suitable conditions for the extinction of aquatic and terrestrial animals or the threat of extinction or their decrease.

The issue of biodiversity is one of the important environmental issues that has a direct impact on humans, but many of us are ignorant of this issue and it is still not clearly defined for people, especially the inhabitants of the marshes.
The research dealt with the study of biodiversity in the marshland environment in southern Iraq, which is home to many species, whether plants or fish. These water swamps provided Iraq with about 60% of the fish wealth, and birds, as they are a transit area for migratory birds between continents, and they are also an endemism area. For species of animals threatened with extinction that form an environment with an integrated ecosystem, and as a result of the marshes being exposed to a lot of intentional damage, whether in the drying stage, which caused environmental damage to biodiversity The extinction of a large group of endemic animals in the marsh area, or even after submergence, as a result of wrong exploitation by the marsh residents in terms of using plants or the wrong method of catching fish and birds, especially species threatened with extinction, which created a defect in the biological system in the marsh environment, so this came. The study was conducted to determine the nature of the biological system and to know the biodiversity the marshes contain. Some conclusions were reached that could be taken into consideration in an attempt to revitalize the marshes of southern Iraq..

This research aims to know the impact of social networking sites on the achievement of social media among first-grade middle school students. They were allowed to use social networking sites, and a post-test was applied at the end of the first course.
The test used one-way analysis of variance at the level of significance (0.05) to test the zero hypotheses of the study. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the achievement of social subjects in favor of the experimental group, due to their lack of use of social networking sites.

The current research aims:
1-Learn about: Risk management among public officials at Diyala University:
2-Learn about: Decision-making among people’s officials at Diyala University:
3-The correlation between risk management and decision-making among public officials at the University of Diyala:
The sample consisted of (94) officials from the divisions affiliated with the University of Diyala. They chose the purposive method. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built a risk management scale, which consisted of (28) items, and its validity was verified through apparent validity and construct validity. As for reliability, it was achieved in two ways: method The retest reached (0.79) and the Cronbach method reached (0.83).
As for the scale (decision making), the researcher built this scale, and the tool’s apparent validity and construct validity were verified. As for reliability, it was verified in two ways: re-testing, which reached (0.80), and the Cronbach’s alpha method, which reached (0.92), and for processing data. In the research, the researcher used statistical methods (t-test for two independent samples) and (t-test for one sample) and (Pearson correlation coefficient). In light of this, the researcher came out with some conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

In fact , Iran’s influence in Turkish politics is not always negative, but rather this matter depends on the type of relations between the two . These two countries, in the regional sense, share common interests and differ in everything else.
Therefore, both Iran and Turkey were proceeding according to the principle of competition in light of cooperation “ and this stemmed from their reality as gateways to the East and the West.
Both countries have relations and connections in many fields, and enjoy the same geopolitical and economic importance . At the same time , each of them has an ambitious and influential regional project that seeks a role. Sometimes global , which led to great competition on many issues and files. This competition, in turn, led to conflict as a result of differences in viewpoints on many issues in order to obtain a regional role, especially in Iraq and Syria.

The current research aims to identify
1- The level of attention among kindergarten children
2- Kindergarten children’s favorite colors used in educational aids
3- The statistically significant correlation between attention and the colors used in educational media.
The researcher reached
1-Attracting the child’s attention is one of the important things for the class teacher in terms of the activities or methods used.
2- The educational medium is the link between the teacher and the child
3- The use of colors in educational media, especially the basic ones, is important to attract the child’s attention
4- There is a correlation between attention and the colors used in the educational method

Executive practices and legislative errors were diagnosed in the agricultural sector laws that preceded 1968 AD, and their diagnosis was a motive for declaring the determination to go beyond the concept of traditional agrarian reform, and the direction towards laying the foundations for agricultural systems that would be an important pillar of economic and social development in Iraq, and then avoid those shortcomings and errors and study the reality of The stage and overcoming it, so the agricultural sector was given a distinguished priority, at the same time that it was concerned with industry, transportation, technical personnel and the rest of the services, and in the light of the effectiveness of this topic,.

The current research attempts to study the poetics of paradox in the poetry of Al-Sharif Al-Radi. Irony today has become a distinct stylistic theme for the poet in choosing words, distributing them, and arranging the parts of the sentence for artistic and aesthetic purposes. It shocks the reader with its deviations, the dissonance of its implications, the fragmentation of its readings, and the intensity of its connotations. It calls for a reader who is proficient in the game of linguistic puzzles with a high cultural load so that he does not slip into the maze of connotations. His language is special within the general language, and his speech is unusual within ordinary communicative discourses. It establishes itself and its aesthetic in its rebellion from grammatical influence and from common linguistic norms. It aims to monitor the manifestations of paradox and explain its aesthetic and semantic importance in the texts under study, because serious critical treatment requires not only approaching the verbal structure of the literary text and its aesthetic features, but rather it requires that it go beyond that to show the close connection between the linguistic structure and the moral structure at the same time. To answer an important question: How did Al-Sharif employ irony in his poetry, and what are the most prominent techniques of irony that appeared in the text of the poems?
To this end, the research proceeds in its methodological steps in accordance with the requirements of analytical descriptiveness, and attempts to penetrate into the meanings, by describing the phenomenon and then analyzing it, in a way that reveals its beauty in terms of content and art. It should also not be neglected to study the text with a stylistic study that starts from the language itself, and from the dramatic conflict inherent in the content throughout the poem. The study was divided into an introduction followed by a preface and two sections. In the preface, I talked about the concept of poetics, as well as defining the term paradox. As for the first section, He called it paradox as a contextual violation. In the second section, I discussed the means of paradox. The study concluded with a conclusion that included the most prominent results reached and a list of sources and references.

The goal of the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework is to optimize instruction and learning for each and every student by providing flexible methods of engagement, communication, and assessment. The use of UDL has important ramifications for Iraqi universities since the country's educational system has struggled with issues including low funding, uncertain political climates, and poor infrastructure. However, UDL has become increasingly popular due to recent educational changes and a rising realization of how important it is to accommodate various learners. This research aims to give a comprehensive overview of UDL's current situation in Iraqi higher education. It will also provide details on how UDL might be effectively applied, in the opinion of academics, to enhance learning outcomes and foster inclusive learning environments. The study examines academics' attitudes on the roles of universal design for learning (UDL) using a quantitative approach. The study came to the conclusion that, despite ongoing issues with UDL's implementation and application, the majority of faculty members at Iraqi universities support and depend on "UDL" approaches in their instruction. Most academics suggest using UDL rather than more conventional methods to create more pleasant and flexible places for individuals of all ages and abilities.

Humour is a common strategy used in argumentative discussion. The ideal model of analysing a critical discussion (argumentation) is the pragma-dialectical approach. The notion of dialectic, also dialectics, points out a discourse in which two participants are taking turns; the proponent who makes a move and the respondent who makes another move responding to a prior one (Walton: 2006: 41). Argumentation is a term that refers to a verbal, social, and rational move needed to convince others of a standpoint by putting forward utterances for the sake of justifying or rejecting the opposing utterances. (Eemeren and Houtlosser, 2000:1). The current study aims at (1) sketching a pragmatic structure of humour in terms of argumentation by the means of applying a pragma-dialectical mothed. Of analysis, (2) identifying the highly used illocutionary acts in setting a contradictory argumentation; (3) Pinpointing the type of presupposition that is highly used in a humourous argumentation, and (4) exploring the humorous strategy that is the most commonly used in this term. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the study hypothesises the following, (1) the pragmatic structure of humour as far as argumentation is concerned, is drawn by the means of employing illocutionary acts, as well as presupposition, (2) Expositives are the most frequent illocutionary act used in argumentative discourse, (3) factive presupposition is the highly used type in the sense of argumentation and (4) satire is the most common strategy of humour in a critical/argumentative discourse. Finally, the study has concluded the following remarks: (1) It is proved that humour can be successfully employed for the purpose of rejecting or showing disagreement and avoiding going deep in a pointless discussion; (2)The study explicates that the expositive acts of informing, reporting, and disclaiming are frequently used in argumentative discourse in opposition to exercitive acts; (3)Explains that the antagonist tends to make a factive presupposition in order to prove the truth of his utterance, and (4) the study seeks its validation in terms of the frequencies and percentages that proves satire to be the most common type of humour used in argumentative discourse.

The research studies the formation of Shiite political Thought in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, its transformations, its intellectual references and its interpretations of the worsening crisis of the Shiite component in light of the state’s policy of denomination. The impact of socio-cultural variables, internal and external, in crystallizing that Thought, which gradually formed during the 1970s - due to the Shirazi authority and al-Modarresi’s vision - awareness of the Shiite identity and readiness for change, quickly transformed in the 1980s into a revolutionary political discourse based on explicit protest. It was led by the “Organization of the Islamic Revolution in the Arabian Peninsula,” but the internal transformations: critical readings, varying jurisprudential marja‘iyyat ( clerical authorities), and geopolitical changes in the regional scene in the early 1990s were factors that contributed to revisions to the revolutionary Shiite Thought, and pushed the issue of national dialogue and coexistence to the forefront of Shiite political discourse in the Kingdom, until the dialogues culminated in the Jeddah Agreement with the political regime in september 1993. The Saudi Shiite file witnessed a fluctuation towards relative stability in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Meaning letters in the Arabic language perform a functional linguistic task that enables them to enter into meanings that are familiar and accustomed at times and unfamiliar at other times. These letters have a door that frames the speech with frameworks of linguistic understanding. They have many grammatical and lexical connotations that are sometimes determined by the context, pointing to the place from which the letter takes its meaning. The letter draws its references sometimes from the science of grammar and at other times from the dictionary, from interpretation, or from elsewhere. Thus, the matter requires returning to the depths of traditional books and studying the letters and their meanings to know their references and cognitive foundations in the light of which they form the meaning, as each letter has a different meaning due to the context in which it appears, and the creator. Whoever came up with it, spoke it, or formulated it, and the research was limited to explaining the letters of the answer, their cognitive references, and the opinions expressed about them from the fifth century AH to the eighth century AH.

This research explored the meaning and its influence on grammatical grammar according to Abu Ali Al-Farsi in his book (Al-Mas'il Al-Manthura). These issues may be required by the reader at this time. Because the grammatical meaning varies from the parsing. Grammatical meaning is the meaning that a word obtains due to its place in the sentence, such as subject, object, addition, etc. The study was divided into two sections: the first dealt with grammatical meaning in nouns, the second with grammatical meaning in verbs and letters, and I finished with the results.

The Christian Democratic Party had strong control in the political arena, and the political events in Italy were complicated by the economic situation that Italy went through due to World War II. This phase witnessed the emergence of many political figures, including Aldo Moro, who became prime minister five times and leader of the Christian Democratic Party. Political events in Italy witnessed the emergence of extremist groups such as the Red Brigades, the Italian Mafia, and other organizations that worked to disrupt the situation in Italy, which encouraged the Red Brigades to plan and carry out the kidnapping of Dor Moro.
The research entitled (The position of the Iraqi press on the case of the assassination of the leader of the Christian Democratic Party, Aldo Moro), dealt with the position of the Iraqi press on the kidnapping and assassination incident, and therefore it consisted of three sections. The first section dealt with (the political situation in Italy since World War II until the killing of the leader of the Christian Democratic Party). The second section dealt with (the second section: the position of the Iraqi press on the assassination of the leader of the Christian Democratic Party, Aldo Moro), as well as the conclusion and conclusions.

Disputes over water between India and Pakistan are the second major issue after Kashmir, especially the Ganges River, and this problem could lead to a severe state of war between the two countries, as all efforts to resolve the problem at the diplomatic level, such as the various treaties signed by India and Pakistan, have not succeeded. Even the efforts of international agencies such as the United Nations were unable to bring about a change in the positions of the two countries regarding the problem of water distribution. Therefore, India and Pakistan must seek a solution to the water dispute on the basis of equality and without harming the interests of the other country. Both countries must understand each other's needs and requirements and must take into account each other's opinion on the use of the waters of the common river. When there is a proposal to build dams and projects on shared rivers, it must create a favorable environment for any kind of two-state dialogue and agreement.

The research concludes with a study of the objectives of Imam al-Sadiq’s (peace be upon him) deterrent method in confronting heresies. Perhaps the most important of these objectives is eliminating heresies of wrong interpretations of the verses of the Holy Qur’an, and preserving the Prophetic hadiths from distortion and distortion. And proving the status of the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt and their obedience, as Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) explained their position far from what the heretics have placed them in, proving that they are a reservoir of God’s knowledge, in addition to educating the youth and protecting them from the heresies of the currents and their deviations.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the difficult circumstances that the Prophet (Peace and Prayers be upon Him) lived through, and their role in refining his leadership personality, on the one hand, and the impact of the morals and attributes of the Prophet in building the Arab society intellectually and culturally, on the other hand, as he is a role model for Muslims in every matter. Therefore, Muslims drew lessons and morals from his fragrant and influential biography which is rich with the lofty values by which the society developed. Accordingly, the study aims to prove that every attribute of the Prophet carried within it the nobility of morals that keep pace with any civilizational development in all societies. To achieve the objectives of this study, the historical approach was adopted and the information was collected from various ancient sources of books on biography, language, literature, interpretation, and the noble Prophet’s hadith. A mini-study on the circumstances of his life and their impact on his leadership of the Arab-Islamic state was also conducted. The lessons and morals that Muslims gained from his attributes and their impact on building the society had a share in my study. Therefore, these were divided into sections that serve the desired objectives. The study concluded that the harsh life conditions that the Prophet lived through and the deeds he performed in his life before the mission had a great impact in refining his personality and his tolerance of the most difficult circumstances that he faced. These made him close to the poor Muslims, feeling their sufferings, being compassionate to them, supporting them, and taking their rights from those who oppressed them. His morals and attributes represented the pillars of the Islamic state because of their positive influence on the members of the Islamic nation.

Emphasis is every second mentioned as a report or confirmation of what came before it, and to indicate that the speech is neither permissible nor deleted. Emphasis is one of the consequences, meaning that it follows and attaches the noun that preceded it to certain things. The importance of emphasis lies in confirming the words to the recipient in order to remove complete ambiguity and clarify the meaning. Emphasis has many sections and types in the Syriac language and comparing it with its sister language, the Arabic language, since the two languages fall within the same Semitic linguistic family. We will explain it using different and separate evidence from the Holy Bible and the Holy Qur’an, as we will explain the details of this method. And the extent of its influence in confirming and proving sentences.

Human capital is considered the main source of innovation, competitiveness, productivity growth and economic mobility, and the criterion is the extent of its sustainability at the medium and long-term levels. Recent global and local developments have emphasized the need for a new economic model based on human capital, and therefore many countries have moved to invest in intangible assets such as education and research. Development is one of the most important pillars of the economy, as is the case in Japan, South Korea, China and Malaysia. The scientific and technological progress the world is witnessing is primarily due to human competencies. Ways to improve human capital aim to sustain its productivity. Within the framework of this area of research, light will be shed on the extent of the interrelation between human capital and the extent of development sustainability through sustainable education. The research problem can be defined in light of what the main questions addressed, which are:
Q1: What are the philosophical and intellectual foundations for developing human capital and sustainable education?
Q2: What effects can the theoretical connection between human capital and education sustainability reflect?
Q3: What is the reality and challenges of human capital development and sustainable education opportunities?
The research is divided into three sections. The first section includes the conceptual framework (theoretical understanding and development path of human capital and sustainable education). The second section: The theoretical connection between human capital and the sustainability of education. The third section deals with: ways and mechanisms for developing human capital and opportunities for sustainable education in Iraq. Reaching conclusions and recommendations.

During the reign of Ahmad Shah Qajar from) 1909 – 1921) , the judiciary in Iran was subject to For major changes and reforms, as the era of Ahmad Shah witnessed efforts to modernize and reform the judiciary, the legal system was influenced by European legal principles and practices, especially the French and Belgian legal systems. New laws and codes were also introduced to replace traditional Islamic legal practices, and despite the influence of Islamic customs and social traditions in Iran, This is in addition to the ongoing political conflicts such as the revolution, but the Qajar events still enacted the modernization of the judicial authority through its influence on the Ministry of Justice and the protection of the various individual groups over it by forcing some changes, although they were minor, but they strengthened some laws within a modern legal framework, and were adopted. The study uses the inductive-deductive approach to analyze the theories and opinions dealing with the subject of the study. The study concluded a number of changes that struck the Iranian judiciary at that time. Even if these changes were minor, the introduction and division of laws such as civil law, commercial law, and criminal law enhanced the provision of a modern legal framework for civil, commercial, and criminal matters. , based on European legal principles.

The research deals with the dangers of flood and drought of the Al-Majjar Al-Saghir River, the main feeder for the village of (Umm Ain), the center of Al-Majjar Al-Saghir district in the Al-Amarah district, during the period (1935-1954). This study came to address the flood and drought and their impact on public life in the district, as the Al-Majjar Al-Saghir district was exposed to it a year ago since a year of 1935 to the dangers of flooding due to the ruptures of the Little Majjar River (Al-Tabar) in the district, as the flood threatened the lives of the residents, and disrupted the work of the local government, commercial activities, and the transport of goods between the Little Al-Majjar district and the center of the Amara District, in addition to significantly reducing the cultivated areas. On the other hand, the district was affected by the drought of Al-Majjar Al-Saghir River in (1952-1954), which resulted in the migration of the population from Umm Ain, the center to of the district to the village of Al-Mu’minah on the Batira River in 1954. Due to this change, Umm Ain lost its position as the center of the district Al-Majjar Al-Saghir which was founded during Ottoman era.

The current research seeks to identify the level of synchronous thinking among Arabic language teachers and its relationship to academic achievement among middle school students in Arabic grammar. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research، the researcher followed the steps of the descriptive، correlational approach from a sample of Arabic language teachers (30), and for each A teacher took (10) students to measure simultaneous thinking and academic achievement. The validity and reliability of the current research tool was verified. After applying the current research tools، the study concluded the following:
1. There is a high level of simultaneous thinking among Arabic language teachers
2. There is a high level of academic achievement among fifth grade middle school students in the Arabic language subject
3. There is a statistically significant relationship between the synchronous thinking of Arabic language teachers and the level of academic achievement of their students.

The climatic elements that have a direct and effective impact on the growth and spread of diseases affecting wheat and barley crops in the districts of Ramadi and Haditha in Anbar Governorate were studied and analyzed. The climatic data of the Ramadi and Haditha stations for the period (1991-2023) were used to know the characteristics of these elements. The study allocated the last ten years (2013-2023) to reveal the most important diseases, how they grow and spread, the rate of infection with them, and the extent of their impact on wheat and barley farms in the study area. The quantitative method was used in addition to the descriptive method in processing climatic data and rates of infection with plant diseases. After the study and analysis, the most important results were reached that climatic elements have an effective and direct impact on the spread of plant diseases such as rust and smut.

The goal of this article is to employ green information technology to achieve sustainable development. Global environmental challenges have prompted society to reconsider its growth methods and consolidate the idea of sustainable development. There is no doubt that adopting new environmentally friendly technology is necessary to achieve sustainable growth, as many green efforts are being implemented to preserve There is hope for global action in applying science and technology to environmental concerns. This hope is stimulated by the urgency of current environmental issues, the newfound recognition of shared environmental interests, and the essential role that science and technology, especially green technologies, play in identifying threats. environment and its treatment.

The study aims to focus on the structure of the poetic poem in the Iraqi poet Wissam Al-Ani’s Collection (The Bird's Biography) as an example, which represents one of the artistic publications that reveal the creative aspects in his poetry and represents a part of his poetic world that has recently been published and has not been studied by researchers. Hence, the researcher attempts to monitor the most prominent manifestations of linguistic and structural phenomena in the structure of the poet's poetic discourse. The main goal was to reveal the most prominent secrets of his poetic text, which are stations that were able to reveal the poet's vision in the aesthetic aspects of his poetic output. He was able to open his poetic text to the general fabric of his poetic discourse with a critical practice that leads to the aesthetic goal, that enriched texts' elements of creativity that follow the level of development in his artistic experience through two investigations. This study required, due to its nature and its focus on the structure of the poetic poem in the collection (The Bird's Biography) as an example, and its investigation in accordance with the analysis of its poetic text. The study has two sections, preceded by an introduction, and followed by a conclusion in which I summarized the results I reached. During the research stages, we adopted the descriptive analytical approach, which is the cornerstone in studying and analyzing the poet's texts. The first section was titled (Poetic Language) and its manifestations in the artistic work as an aesthetic semantic poetic phenomenon that relied primarily on the structure of his utterances and his distinguished performance. It included three forms and patterns, where (paradox) formed a source of the formation of his poetic text, contributing to the formation of its structure and contents, in addition to (deviation) that the poet invested in directing the meaning and creating the artistic glimpse manifested itself to us in revealing the effectiveness of the structure of the poetic poem within the text. Moreover, we have (verbal and nominal sequences) that seeps into another text to embody the connotations, where the poet employs them in his texts to serve his point of view, revealing a unique artistry in the poet's texts according to contemporary visions. Furthermore, the second section titled (The Structure of the Poem), based on types and patterns whether (narrative structure), (dramatic structure), and (formative structure) to reveal the extent of development in his poetic experience and the display of his high skills in a way that reveals the uniqueness of his creativity. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted in studying the formations of the structure of the poetic poem in the poetry of (Wissam Al-Ani), followed by a conclusion with the most important findings of the research, and then a list of sources and references.

After the corona pandemic that hit the World, Tourism imposed its dominance and influence in the global economy and the development of the collapsed World diaspora, as the return on investment in the tourism industry today is faster and greater than in other industries, especially in developing countries, including Iraq with a rentier economy, hence the problem of the study arises in understanding and studying the extent the decision of this important sector, the study has relied on the inductive approach in the statement of the reality of Tourism It revealed the state of neglect and neglect of all aspects and components of ecotourism in the governorate, the absence of government and local political planning, and the weakness of the community awareness of this vital and important sector.

The Present research aimed at identifying
1 - Measuring mental motivation among middle school students in secondary schools for distinguished students.
2- Knowing the differences in mental motivation according to the variables of gender (males, females) and branch (scientific, literary).
3- Measuring the achievement struggle of middle school students in secondary schools for distinguished students.
4 - Knowing the differences in the achievement struggle according to the variables of gender (males, females) and branch (scientific, literary).
5- Identifying the correlation between mental motivation and achievement striving among middle school students in secondary schools for distinguished students.
Search procedures:
1 - The researcher adopted the researcher’s mental motivation scale (Al-Shammari 2020) and the researcher also adopted the researcher’s achievement struggle scale (Muhammad 2014) after verifying their validity, reliability, and method of answering their paragraphs.
2- The above scale was applied to a sample of middle school students from secondary schools, which amounted to (200) male and female students. The researcher used the statistical bag to analyze the results.
The following results were reached:
1 - The results of the research showed that distinguished middle school students have mental motivation.
2 - The results of the research showed that distinguished middle school students enjoy the achievement struggle.
3 - The results showed that there is a high significant positive correlation between mental motivation and achievement striving among middle school students in secondary schools for distinguished students.
The researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions

The research studies the position of the Catholic Church on Cuban political developments . Since the July 26 Movement launched its first activities in 1953 led by Fidel Castro, against the Batista government, and continued until their entry into Cuba and their assumption of power in early 1959 the church’s main focus was, shedding the blood of the Cuban people , and playing a role. The mediator between the two parties in order to reach a peaceful settlement , as the Cuban Church gained great acceptance from Fidel Castro, due to the work of some of its men in saving the latter’s life when his attack on the Moncada Castle failed in July 1953 which enabled it to mediate between them , and after Fidel Castro took power 1959 relationship became more difficult between the Church and the Cuban government, due to the latter’s communist tendencies , and it deepened further after the Bay of Pigs in 1961 .

The research aims to identify the level of administrative intelligence and organizational success of managers and the correlation between them from the point of view of male and female assistants in government secondary schools in the first Rusafa Baghdad Education Directorate for the academic year (2023 AD - 2024 AD). To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive correlational approach was used, and the research sample amounted to (70) male and female assistants were chosen intentionally, and two questionnaires were prepared: the first questionnaire to measure the level of administrative intelligence, as the number of its items reached (24) items, and the second questionnaire to measure the level of organizational success , as the number of its items amounted to (22) items, and the psychosomatic characteristics of both were extracted. The two measures, then the data were processed statistically using the statistical program (SPSS).
The results of the research showed that secondary school principals have a high level of administrative intelligence from the point of view of their assistants. The results also showed that principals have high organizational success for the benefit of their schools. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between administrative intelligence an organizational success, so the researcher recommends encouraging school principals to Working with modern administrative concepts and methods in their schools, enhancing the culture of organizational success in secondary schools, and holding training courses for school principals.

Islamic civilization began with the sending of the Noble Messenger and his establishment of the blessed state، and it has continued to our present day. Like other civilizations، it went through several stages of strength and weakness according to the circumstances surrounding Islamic civilization، It is also considered the height of civilization during the period of the Noble Prophet، after which civilization began to weaken and become stronger. One of the most powerful times of Islamic civilization is after the Shiites participated in building Islamic civilization through what they did under the Buyid state in the fourth and fifth centuries AH. The Buyids gave the Imami scholars the opportunity and space to spread the knowledge of the family of Muhammad (peace be upon him)، including hadith، jurisprudence، principles، medicine، and all sciences، after they had been at war with successive authorities over the Islamic state. This period has another characteristic، which is the change from the era of witnessing and private agency to backbiting and public agency. We will mention this era in the research if time permits.

The goal of the research is to identify self-advocacy among internal department female students, as the researcher adopted the descriptive approach to achieve the research objectives. The research sample reached (200) internal department female students with scientific and humanitarian academic specialization. The researcher built a self-advocacy scale that consisted of 36 items representing declarative statements. Subjective, and in front of each item there are response alternatives with a five-point scale designed according to the Likert scale. The psychometric properties of the scale were verified, namely, cross-validity and construct validity, and the reliability of the self-advocacy scale was verified using internal consistency using the Cronbach’s alpha equation. The research reached results, the most important of which are: - The existence of Self-advocacy among female internal department students, and the absence of statistically significant differences between female internal department students with scientific and humanitarian academic specialization in self-advocacy.

The research is interested in presenting the view of the three monotheistic religions for suicide through the presentation of the texts contained in this regard in the holy books of the Torah, the Bible and the Qur'an and comparing them, as well as the statement of the opinions of jurists and commentators in this regard; In this research, we got acquainted with the definition of suicide language and idiomatically, its types and provisions in each religion, and we highlighted how to solve this problem, as the research examines the importance of the view of the laws of the value of life and preservation, especially Islam, and then we concluded the research with the most important reasons that people resort to suicide, and what are the ways and means that keep us away and protect us from it.

The aim of the current research is to reach a proposed vision for sustainable development and digital change in the field of social service specialization, through the use of the descriptive analytical approach, by designing a questionnaire that explains the proposed vision for sustainable development and digital change in the field of social service specialization, and applying it to (350) social service students. At the University of Baghdad, the research reached for sustainable development and digital change in the field of social service specialization due to the variable of the educational stage for the benefit of graduate students. The study also recommended the need for an effective role of social service in achieving sustainable development and digital transformation within Iraqi society.

The research showed that geographical (natural) factors, the most important of which are climate and (human) water policy factor play an important role in increasing the amount of water of the Tigris River, which is reflected in the high rates of water discharge in the study area and its quantitative variation from year to year, and thus the Batira and Al-Broad tables have the highest average annual discharge in the year (2020) at a consecutive rate of (31.6, 22.8) m3/s, resulting from the increase in annual water revenue as a result of the increase in the amount of water for the Tigris River due to torrential rains and floods, as each of them reached a sequential water supply with a product of (0.100, 0.072) billion m3/s, while the year (2018) recorded the lowest The average annual water discharge for the wide Batira streams reached (16.6, 13.3) m3/s, which is considered a dry water year with low drainage and low water revenue of (0.052, 0.044,) billion m3/s, which contributed to the difference in the quarterly and monthly rates for the period (2014-2023).

The ingenious improvements had a great influence on the writings of the Egyptian poet of Turkish origins. His literary, prose, and fictional writings, as well as issues related to society, varied in meters and rhymes. The writings of the Egyptian poet were known for the ease of words and smoothness of meaning for the recipient.

The research dealt with studying the efficiency of entertainment services in the city of Qurna, and its aim was to identify the reality of these services in the city and to know their spatial distribution and functional performance, based on a set of local standards that are used to measure the efficiency of entertainment services in cities. The researcher relied in his study mainly on the field study through a visit Entertainment places in the city or by distributing the questionnaire form and relying on its results. The research contained two sections. The first section dealt with: a study of the spatial distribution of entertainment services in the city of Qurna, and the second section dealt with: a study of the efficiency of entertainment services. The researcher used several programs in his study, including (EXCEL - GIS 10.8)) One of the most prominent findings of the research is the lack of equitable distribution of entertainment services within the city, in addition to the lack of spaces allocated for entertainment venues compared to the local standard on the one hand. On the other hand, their numbers are small compared to the size of the city’s population, and the existing ones suffer from neglect, lack of attention to them, and the lack of well-thought-out plans to develop them .

The concept of internal and external locus of control is considered a relatively modern concept in psychological studies. Therefore, there are many Arabic translations of the foreign term (Focus of control), such as the center of control, the source of control, the point of control, the source of control. All of these translations do not reveal the intended meaning of the psychological point of view. The individual with an internal psychological structure attributes all his actions to himself and bears the responsibility of directing actions and controlling the results (internal control). As for the individual with an external psychological structure, he attributes his actions and the results of his behaviors and events to the external environment (external control), In light of the above, the current research seeks to achieve the following objectives: Measuring the locus of control (internal) among middle and secondary school students, Measuring the locus of control (external) among middle and secondary school students, Identifying the differences in the locus of control (external) among middle and secondary school students according to the gender variable (males - females)K Identifying the differences in the locus of control (internal - external) among middle and secondary school students according to the variable of the academic stage (third - fifth), The current research was limited to a sample of middle and high school students of the first Rusafa schools in Baghdad for the academic year (2023-2024). In order to achieve the objectives of this research, the researcher applied the scale consisting of (44) paragraphs and was in two groups, namely (23) paragraphs to measure (internal) control and (21) paragraphs to measure (external) control on a sample of (200) male and female students. After statistical processing, the following results showed: Middle and high school students have an internal control center to a moderate degree, Middle and high school students have an external control center to a low degree, The male sample has more external control center than the female, The fifth secondary stage sample has more external control center than the third intermediate stage, The researcher then came up with some recommendations and suggestions.

This study aimed to identify Turkish foreign policy in the Russian-Ukrainian war and its positive role as well as impact on the Turkish national interest. The Turkish role was characterized by cautious neutrality in its mediation between the two parties to the conflict. Its geostrategic role between East and West has increased its role at the international level, and this has made it the focus of attention of many countries considering it an important factor in international mediation. Finally, the study clearly showed that the Turkish economic factor is the main determinant of Turkey's relationship with Russia and Ukraine alike, and the process of positive neutrality has been completed, harnessing it greatly according to national interest.