Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Three hundreds and thirty birds (Fabro) chicks were distributed
randomly on three density (10, 12 and 15)brid/m2 in the three treatment
with three replicates to each treatment. The results showed a significant
increase of the body weight for the birds in group with density of (12, 10
birds/m2) compared with the birds in other density of (15 birds/m2) As well
as body gain was not significant affected by the stocking density. A
significant reduction in feed intake for the birds in density of 15 birds/m2
compared with other density (12,10 birds/m2) and the difference between
them was not significant As well as feed efficiency was not significantly
effected by stocking densities As well as values of carcass components(
back, wings and neck) for all densities (10, 12 and 15) birds/m2. was not a
significant but there was a significant reduction in carcass components
(breast, thigh and drumstick) for the birds in density (15 birds/m2)
compared with other densities and the difference was not significant. the
results inculcated that the most affected density that with (15) birds/m2
which get more bruises and broken bones compared with other density (10,
12) birds/m2 and the different between them was not significant The results
showed the best stoking density was (12,10 birds/m2).

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of cooking methods
and type of carcass cuts on quality of broiler and local ducks meat. Birds
were slaughtered at 8, 12 weeks of age then dressed , divided to cuts , all
investigation used breast and thigh parts .Wet and grill cooking methods
were applicated to estimate total cooking loss (for meat) and examined
sensory evaluation colour , flavor , tenderness , juiciness and over all
acceptability . Results revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the
average cooking loss, wet cuts obtained lowest values than grills cuts in
both kind of carcasses. The results showed that grill colour got higher
(p<0.05) values. Grilled cuts meat had significant (p<0.05) values than wet
cuts, on contrast, there was significant differences due to wet cuts (p<0.05)
was observed, in comparison with grill cuts in other sensory evaluation
included flavor, tenderness, juiciness and over all acceptability in both
carcasses of broiler and local ducks. Breast cut had significantly (p<0.05)
higher values than thigh cuts in flavor and over all acceptability
characteristics in both kind of meat. No significant differences due to meat
cuts appeared in cooking loss and sensory trails in grill meat cuts.

This study was conducted at the poultry farm of Al-Kufa Company
for eggs production from 15 / 9 /2005 to 15 / 1 / 2006.
This study aimed to compare the performance of two commercial
brown eggs shell breeds Lohmann and Hy-Line brown eggs shell.
Eighty thousands hens (30 weeks old) brown each breed were
randomly distributed into eight houses. Four houses each breed and
considered as replicates. Each replicate contained 20000 hens, which were
distributed into 5 stages which consist from wire-cages each cage contained
5 birds. The hens fed layer diet. Data were collected from productive,
commercial traits which included live body weight, weight gain, egg
weight, egg mass, egg production %, feed consumption, feed conversion
ratio, mortality, economical returns at different production periods
(4periods) during the study period (30-46 weeks).
Results showed that:
There were significant differences (P<0.05) in live body weight in
which hens of Hy-Line breed were the highest at different age periods, but
there were no significant differences among breeds in weight gain. There
were significant differences (P<0.05) among the two breeds in egg weight,
egg mass, and egg production % (H.D) in which Lohmann breed was
higher than Hy-Line breed in these traits.No significant differences in feed
consumption and mortality ratio were faind among two breeds. However,
Lohmann hens showed significantly best feed conversion ratio than Hy
Line hens at different periods of age.

An experiment was conducted at Barjeseuia Research Station, Basrah
Government during two winter growing seasons of 2001-2002 and 2002
2003. The aim of the study was the effect of tomato seedling conditioning
with saline water and cultivar on yield parameters. The experiment
consisted of applying four levels of saline water {2 (control), 4 , 8 , and 10
ds/m} at the 2-3 true leaf stage, for ten days and two cultivars Super
marmand and Hatouf.
Results showed, that seedling conditioning at 4 ds/m caused early fruit
ripening. Treatments with 2 and 4 ds/m gave significantly higher early and
total yield. However, seedling conditioning had no significant effect on
ascorbic acid content, total soluble soild, but the highest titratable acidity
was obtained in fruits of plants conditioned with 10 ds/m.
The total yield was significantly higher for cv. Hatouf, in comparison
with cv. Super marmand. Were inconsistent interaction between seedling
condition and cultivars, was no significant.

An experiment was conducted at Barjeseuia Research Station, Basrah Government during two winter growing seasons of 2001-2002 and 2002-2003. The aim was to study the effect of tomato seedling conditioning and cultivar on vegetative growth. The experiment consisted of applying four levels of saline water (2 (control), 4 , 8 , and 10 ds/m) for ten days at the 2-3 true leaf stage, and two cultivars Super marmand and Hatouf. Results showed that, seedling conditioning with saline water at 4 ds/m caused a significant increase in leaf number, leaf area and plant height 30 days after transplanting and at the beginning of harvest. However, increasing salinity levels to 8 and 10 ds/m decreased the vegetative characteristics mentioned above. 51With respect two cvs. Hatouf was excelence in vegetative characteristics. Hatouf had less in number of leaves at the beginning of harvest, highest after 30 days from transplanting and largeness in leaf area. As for the interaction, it was non significant during the first growing season. But during the second growing season, it was significant for leaf number, leaf area and plant height.

Study of three types of pollen grains from trace element
calcium and Boron (Ca,B) and Cytokinin .The result of study had
significant differences among the pollen grains cultivars. The pollen
grains taken from the mal clone Ghannami Akhdar had the highest
(Cytokinin,Ca) campare then Ghannami Ahmar and Khikri which
was (3.3)Micro gram/g and((14)Mg/g respectively .While Ghannami
Ahmar had highest from trace element of Boron (B) it was (3.6)
Mg/g .

This study was conducted during winter season of 2006 - 2007 in
unheated plastic house at College of Agriculture – Basrah University .
The objective of the experiment was to study the effect of plant spacing (20
and 40 cm.) and soil mulching (with black polyethylene or without ).
Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replicates
. Duncan's, Multiple Range Taste was used at probability of 0.05 to compare
mean variations . Results can be summarized as follows:- Plant spacing
gave significant effects on the most studded parameters, plant spacing of 40
cm gave significant increase in plant height, fresh and dry weight of
vegetative growth, flower number/inflorescence , flower number/plant and
inflorescence number/plant, while plant spacing of 20 cm gave significant
increase in total production of plastic house and yield /donum . Whereas
plant spacing were not significantly influenced total leaf number/plant, fresh
and total yield /plant . The soil mulching gave significant increase in total
leaf number/plant, fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth, flower
number/inflorescence , flower number/plant and early plant yield. Whereas
soil mulching were not significantly influenced in plant height, inflorescence
number/plant, total yield /plant, total production of plastic house, yield
/donum . interaction between plant spacing and soil mulching gave
significant effect in all studded parameters except total yield /plant .

The objective of this work was to study the effects of leaves powders of
Nicotiana tabacum , Nerium oleander , Zizphus spina –christi , Vitex agnus
castus, Lantana camara , Myrtus communis , Clerodendron inerum and
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Eucalyptus globules on the mortality reduction in F1 progeny and repellency
of leaves powders on the red flour beetle . The results showed that when we
mixed the leaves powders with crushed wheat grains in amounts of 4,2,1.and
0.5 % weight by weight , the mortalities in creased with increasing mount .
The leaves powders of N, tabacum , C. inerum and Z. christi was the best
effected the mortality of adults after 7 days it 100 %.The losses of percentage
rat in the weight gairns was revesaly proprotioed with mount of powder was
the best mount 4 % reduced in the weight of
grains through 30 days
reached2.78%, and also mixed leaves powder with food reducing F1 progeny ,
N . tabacum the best effected was it reached 99.22% and producted rate
reached 1.33 . The results showed that leaves powder of M. communis was the
best effected of response index reached – 0.06 at all amounts 4, 2 % after 24
hours . The result showed was not effected the plants powderd of leaves in the
percentage of germination of wheat grains treatment

Locally survey was carried out on the causes of death of the
seedlings of Gerbera plants in greenhouses in Baghdad (Plastaine street and
Zaiyuna). The isolation from infected Gerbera seedlings resulted in specifying
Rhizoctonia solani Kühn.,Fusarium solani (Mart.)Sacc.,Fusarium oxysporum
Schlecht. ,
Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.,was most frequentative (75,50,75,25
%respectively)in Zaina,Al-Shajera,AlKhirate and Baghdad ). The pathogen
R.solani showed high pathogenicity with (50%) susceptibility .An experiment
was conducted to studying the efficacy of pesticide fungi Trichoderma
harzianum and the fungicide Ridomil 2.5G as integrated controlling, which
showed significant differences among treatments (p=0.05) , the mixture of T.
harzianum with Ridomil 2.5 G,was the most effective than other and showed
(83,33 and 70 % respectively) seed germination percentage against R.solan,
F.solani.

This study was conducted at the Department of plant protection,
College of Agriculture, University of Basrah to evaluate the efficiency of
some fungicides and Pseudomonas fluorescens against the growth of
Rhizoctonia solani and control the root and stalk rot Disease caused by this
fangs.
Result of fungi isolation from root and stalk rotted broad bean plants
showed the occurance of many genera of fungi but Rhizoctonia was the
highest occurance 100%.
The fungicide Rizolex completely inhibited the growth of R.solani. also
the bacteria P.fluorescens showed high effecincy inhibiteing the growth of
R.solani. The results of field experiment indicate that P.fluorescens alone or
with Rizolex reduced the discase perecantage to 26.66 and 24.94% for
(bacteria + pathogen) and (bacteria + fungicide + pathogen) respectively
compared to 66.42% for control treatment. The positive effect of these
treatments reflected on most yield parameter. The results also indicate that
R.solani has a high effect on the number of Rhizobia nodules which was 28
nodules/plant in control/treatment (R.solani) compared with 195 nodules/plant
at bacteria + pathogen treatment.
The bacteria P.fluorescens alone or with Rizolex reduced the economic
losses parameters in the yield. The injury index of the treatments of (bacteria +
pathogen) and (bacteria + pathogen + Rizolex) reached to 5.98 and
respectively in comparision with control treatment which was 64.46. The
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percentage of economic cosses in the yield reached 43.14 in control treatment
compared to 1.59 in bacteria + pathogen treatment.

The study was carried to examine the impact of some chemical and Biological
agents on the growth and sporulation of fungus Curvularia lunata and of
nutrients in addition to the impact of two types of chemical fungicides
(Benomyl and Blitinate) The article sodium chloride in addition to the
Bacillin vital Exterminator. It was shown also that the best medium for the
fungal growth and sporulaion is the dextrose potate agar (PDA) , Were the
diameter of the fungal colony reached to 9 cm and the number of conidia
reached to 36000 condia / cm2.The result showed efficiency of Benomyl to
discourage growth of fungus when used the concentration 0.25 and 0.5 and 1 g
/ liter as the percentage to discourage growth of the fungus to (72.3,100 and
100 )%, respectively, while the average number of conidia ( 34000,0 and 0)
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spore/ cm2 compared to control treatment of 36000 spore / cm2. While the
results showed that the use of Blitinate in concentration 0.25,0.5 and 1 g / L
did not affect the growth of the fungus radialy and reduced the number spores
formed by the fungus to 34000 ,27000 and 20000 spore / cm2 compared to
control treatment of 360000 conidia / cm2 .
The results showed that the best culture for the growth and sporulation of
fungus is(P.D.A) at a rate of 9 cm colonies after 5 days of Cuddles.
Also,It was show also that the NaCl at aconcentration of 1 % and 3 % did not
effect fungus ,and this fungus storts to sensitized against NaCl at
aconcentration of 5 % , 7 % and 10 % where it reached a colony diameter of
(4.5 , 3 , 0)cm respectively ,and the number of conidia were reduced to (
25000 ,21000,15000 ,14000 and 0) conidia / cm2 at aconcentration of 1% ,3%
,5% ,7% and 10% respectively ,in comparision to the control which was
36000 conidia /cm2
The results showed that the use of bacilin vital showed high efficiency in
inhibiting the growth of the fungus on P.D.A as the percentage of
discouraging 100%

The small fish assemblage in the Shatt Al-Arab estuary northwest Arabian Gulf
were described from August 1999 to July 2000. A total 4412 fishes belonging to
53 species and 44 genera were caught by a trawl net. One species was recorded
in March and 38 spices in June. The genera Thryssa and Platycephalus formed
20.9% and 9.5% respectively of the total fish. The fish assemblage in the
estuary had a three resident species, 16 seasonal species and 34 occasional
species. Salinity was more positive correlation with species composition and
abundances than temperature. The richness and diversity indices fluctuated from
1.15 and 1.89 respectively in November and 5.71 and 3.18 respectively in June.
The evenness index ranged between 0.74 in January to 0.96 in February. The
similarity index varied from 3% in March to 69% in July. The cluster analyses
showed four distinctive groups of species composition between months. The
Shatt Al-Arab estuary have major function as nursery, feeding and protection
ground for young marine fish.

Fecundity of Carassius auratus has been studied in Garmat Ali river for
lengths groups ranged (92-310) mm with total weights ranged (13.55-611.00)
gm.
The spawning period was from early march to late April. The absolute
fecundity was (3872-890970) egg and the relative fecundity was (285.75
1458.21) egg/gm. Length and weight to fecundity relationship were (Log F =
4.76 + 4.29 Log L) , (Log F = 2.23 + 1.36 Log W) respectively. Eggs
diameters ranged (239-872)µ. Ripe eggs were histological described in this
study, they are described that contain granulosa, and nucleus have not seen
due to migrate from the center and became near to cytoplasm membrane

A number of isolates have been isolated from rhizosphere area and the
roots of weed plant which are related to the species Azospirilum brasilense.
Also three types of clay minerals have been used Ca- Bentonite, Kaolinite and
Flint clay, the experiment have been conducted after the inoculation of wheat
seeds with Azospirilum brasilense and by using the three clay minerals with
three different concentration (25%, 20% and 15%) the results proved a
significant effect to the clay mineral (Ca-Bentonite and Flint clay) in the
density of bacteria which gave the highest a verge of 1.72×106 1.76×106CFU.
ml
and highest dry weight and yield 5.27 g.potֿ¹ and 9.08 g.potֿ¹
respectively. The results shown that concentration 20% has a significant effect
as compared with other concentrations which gave the highest dry weight and
yield of wheat plant reached 4.83 g.potֿ¹ and 7.57 g.potֿ¹ respectively.

This research was conducted in agricultural researches station ,
agriculture college , Basrah university during season of 2004 – 2005. the soil
samples were taken from Al-Hammar marsh which located near the Al
Ghmage river. The soil texture is silt loam and it is classified under Varity of
Typic torrifluvents calcareous mixed hyperthermic. The experiment was
carried out in plastic columns to determine the effect of three irrigation saline
water levels, three moisture levels on water use efficiency and growth of the
sorghum crop. The irrigation water type were river water (R) , drainage water
(D) and mixture of river and drainage water (M) . The electrical conductivity
of irrigation water treatments were 2,8 and 4 dsm-1 respectively. The leaching
requirement water of 25% from this water was added for each treatments of
the irrigation time. Three moisture levels were chosen according to the field
capacity which were denoted 50 , 75 and 100% of the field capacity. Factorial
conducted in C. R. D. design was used in the experiment with two factors (
irrigation water frequency treatments and moisture levels ).
The results showed that the irrigation frequency gave good opportunity
for a successful using of salinity water for crop planting and lower soil
deterioration . This irrigation method reduced plant growth and water use
efficiency of sorghum crop, and increased the salinity of water.
The results showed increase in the total consumptive water use , dry
weight of the vegetable part of the plant and water use efficiency for the RRR
, DMR and MMM treatments compared with the other treatments. The above
parameters were higher for the 100% FC moisture treatment than the 50 and
75 % FC treatment.

A fish balls product is preparing from minced meat fish by using three
species of cheap fish ( Lisa subviridis , Lisa carinata and Chirocetrus dorab ).
Preparing the minced meat fish after removing the heads , fins , intestines ,
skin and bones ,and adding the salt , spicecy and garlic with ratio of ( 1.5 , 1 ,
0.4 )% respectively then adding the filler material ( bread crumb lings ), in
different ratios ( 5 , 10 , 15 ) respectively , the previous components were
mixed well and they were shaped in a form of balls that weight ( 15 ± 0.5 ) gm
/ ball .
Fish balls were stored at ( - 18 ± 2 ) C for ( 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 ) week .
At the end of every store period , the chemical composition studied ( moisture
, Ash , Protein , Fat and caloric value ) . The results were analyzed statistically
to know the impact of fish species the ratio of filler material , period of storing
by freezing and the interaction among them to reach a middle standard for
these values .
A study was made to know the impact of cooking procedure ( fry , grill ) on
the chemical composition , sensitive feature and the rate of loosing weight
during cooking of fish bolls .
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The statistic results pointed high significant differences ( P < 0.01 ) . For the
impact of fish species on al studied characters in this product without
expectance , thus its found that theres a difference in the average of chemical
composition depending on fish species that enter in making thus product .