journal of the college of basic education

Sami Fattah made many deals in order to buy planes from Britain and the promise of European countries as well as the United States of America in a separate period of time throughout the period of the position of the Iraqi Air Force Command despite all the difficult circumstances he faced and the events that have become an obstacle in the way of achieving its goals in order to develop power Iraqi air, and the purchase and armament of the aircraft. However, despite all the challenges that prevented the achievement of his curriculum, which he prepared, he was able to achieve his plan, which he drew with his policy and wise leadership

The current research aims to identify the professional identity of educational counselors. The research sample was educational counselors according to (gender, length of service, and marital status) in Diyala Governorate, amounting to (400) male and female counselors. The researcher adopted the scale (Al-Khatib 2020) consisting of (48) items. With five alternatives, the virtual validity and reliability was conducted on it, by the re-test method, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was extracted. The results reached:
1-There is a difference in professional identity according to gender in favor of females.
2 - There is no difference in the professional identity according to the length of service variable.
3- There is no difference in professional identity according to the social status variable.

Natural Factors ( geographical location , surface , soil , and climate ) , which are among the basic indicators , contribute to factories fulfilling their vital role in meeting industry requirements . The research aims to test the effectiveness of these factors and the extent of the role they play in the localization of industries within the district and to highlight which of these factors has an impact on the industry .

Introspection is one of the most important sources of revealing personal feelings, and one of the methods that the poet resorts to to reveal the feelings hidden deep within him. Through this introspection process, he does not stray far from what the patient tells the doctor about his suffering and pain, to guide him to diagnosis and follow-up. He is frightened by introspections that are not fleeting, but rather deeply rooted in the soul, and cannot be forgotten until he feels nothingness, which is a truly difficult equation between existence and non-existence. The choice fell on the poet Al-Malik Al-Amjad, who was distinguished by his artistic and realistic awareness, in addition to the clarity of the artistic and intellectual goals behind the introspection process that he is carrying out. He stands before the problem of depicting his emotional state, studying it, and presenting its data. This requires the deepest types of thinking to comprehend the self and encompass its worlds to enable him to conduct the correct introspection process. Hence, the choice was made for this type of study and for the poet Al-Malik Al-Amjad in particular. Among these previous studies that I have reviewed is a study entitled (Self-Introspection and the Search for Myth, a Critical Study of the Diriyyat of Abu al-Ala al-Ma’arri) by researcher Camelia Abdel Fattah, which is far from the content of this study. What I would like to mention is the scarcity of studies in this field, so it was necessary for us to double our efforts to reach everything that would feed and support this study. Among the sources that I benefited from is the study (Introspection in Psychology: From the Origins to the Laboratory) by researchers Muwaffaq Krum and Sarir Ahmad bin Musa, and a study entitled (Manifestations of Self-Introspection in the Poetry of Kamal Nasser) by researcher Ibrahim Nimr Musa. I do not claim to have encompassed knowledge of everything related to the details of this study, but it is enough for me that I have worked hard in a study that I saw as unprecedented. The difficulties of research and its components are not hidden, especially the scarcity of its sources.

The aim of the current research is to identify the relationship between emotional blackmail and psychological identity among a sample of male and female university students. The research sample consisted of (120) university students who were selected in a simple random manner. To achieve the research objectives, an emotional blackmail scale was constructed that included (39) paragraphs, and a psychological identity scale was constructed that included (26) paragraphs. The psychometric properties were extracted from the distinction of the validity and reliability paragraphs for both scales. The results showed that the sample does not suffer from emotional blackmail, and the sample enjoys a strong psychological identity, There is a significant inverse relationship between emotional blackmail and psychological identity, which means that the higher the individual’s psychological identity, the less he suffers from emotional blackmail. The research came up with some recommendations and suggestions.
1: Conducting research and studies on emotional blackmail for other samples such as widows and divorcees, especially since we live in a time when widows are increasing as a result of wars and terrorism and high divorce rates for many reasons, which makes them fall prey to emotional blackmail.
2- The necessity of conducting awareness lectures through television channels on how to prevent and treat emotional blackmail.

This study aims to identify (the effectiveness of the program in developing the skills of analyzing literary texts among students of the Arabic language departments in the faculties of education). To achieve this, the researcher chose a sample of (1275) male and female students in the fourth stage in the Arabic language departments in the colleges of education in Iraq. The researcher studied the experimental group by adopting the strategies of the proposed program and the control group using the traditional method.
In order to identify the effectiveness of the proposed program in developing the skills of analyzing literary texts; The researcher adopted an experimental design with partial control, which is the design of the control group, with a pre and posttest.
The researcher selected professors of literary text analysis among Iraqi university students, and third-stage students in Arabic language departments in colleges of education in Iraq, according to the proposed program, the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023.
As for the research tool, the researcher prepared a test that measures the skills of analyzing literary texts. The test of analyzing literary texts included (40) items, of the type of multiple-choice questions. The researcher verified the validity and reliability of the test, and extracted the discriminatory powers. And coefficients of the difficulty of its paragraphs after presentation to a group of arbitrators. After that, the test was applied, before and after, to the students of the research sample.
After analyzing the data, the research concluded that the experimental group was superior to the control group. In the light of the research results, the proposed program proved its effectiveness in developing the skills of analyzing literary texts among students of the Arabic language departments in the faculties of education. In the light of the results, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations, including the need to involve the current program as a teaching method in literature so that literature teachers (faculty members) can benefit from it, as it has proven very effective in the field of developing the skills of analyzing literary texts

A minority is a group whose number is less than the rest of the population of the country in which they live, and their children are ethnically, linguistically and religiously distinguished from the rest of the members of society, and they are keen on the continuation of their culture, traditions, religion or language, and the criteria used to define the concept of minority have differed, some researchers relied on the numerical criterion, some of them relied on the criterion of social and political status, others combined the two criteria. there are multiple minorities in Syria distributed in different geographical places, and the existence of this ethnically, religiously and linguistically diverse distribution has affected social life and the economic and cultural situation in Syria, however, is due to the geographical distribution of these groups, foreign intervention and the situation The economy has played its role in making this region less integrated and affiliated, which has resulted in problems that have weakened the existing political entities.

Praise be to Allah, good praise be to him, and peace and blessings be upon our Lord Muhammad and his family and companions, and peace be upon
After that :
The Holy Qur'an is a miraculous linguistic source that has been providing us with new things over the days and years.studying it, navigating its verses, their meanings and significance, diving into its structures and expressing it is an indescribable scientific pleasure. so the choice fell on the verses that talk about the agent and proxy, so the search came marked with: (the root (KL) in the Holy Qur'an is a semantic study), the search was divided into an introduction and a preface the name of the agent was the name that was mentioned in all the verses except the form of the name of the doer(Mutawakkil), which was mentioned only three times. It has the meanings mentioned by the interpreters, including : the sufficient, the preserver, the great-grandson, the sergeant, the sponsor, the defender and the supporter, and I will mention them in their places of research in detail.The study came in the second section of verbs from the root(wkl), the past tense, the present tense and the command from the root . I relied on him, trusted him, turned to him, delegated my command to him, and I will elaborate on them in the search pages.In my study of the subject, I relied on books of interpretations of the Holy Quran, grammar books and language studies books. And finally ask Allah for repayment and reconciliation

The research deals with some of the works and effects of Nuri al-Said, the former Prime Minister of Iraq, in the administrative and social fields in Iraq, as it is not possible to talk about the history of contemporary Iraq without going through the role of Nuri al-Said, as he left clear fingerprints in various aspects of life in Iraq during the royal era, especially during his periods of working at the head of the executive authority as a minister and prime minister for fourteen times. Al-Said's personality was distinguished by important features and characteristics, which distinguished him from other administrators and politicians who held high positions in Iraqi governments throughout the royal era, especially his political acumen and quick wit in taking appropriate positions and decisions despite his opponents describing him as having a shallow culture and weak Arabic language, and his abilities in oratory and oratory, which enabled him to confront administrative and social problems and greetings, so he left clear fingerprints in those areas, taking advantage of his good relations with tribal leaders and sheikhs, as he was certain that without controlling the tribes, Iraq could not be ruled and stability achieved in it. In addition, his good social relations and the simplicity of his dealings with the middle classes of merchants, the poor, the businessmen, and the retirees, and even with his servants and guards, had an important impact on increasing his popularity in various classes of society, except for those who opposed him and his policy from political opponents. The great work he did in the field of lands, taxes, combating administrative and financial corruption, and following up on the needs of the market and its economic crises had a clear impact in addressing a large part of society’s problems, especially those of living and those that touch people’s daily lives

Al-Hafiz Thawr bin Yazid Al-Kala’i (died: 150 A.H.) spoke of many of the narrators and imams of hadith, who had great merit in preserving the honorable Prophetic Sunnah and transmitting it to us, as well as preserving it from distortion and alteration, and because of the importance of the Sunnah and the merit of the imams of hadith. And the foods are in the Musnad of Al-Darami, in the hope that he will benefit from it, God willing.

The aim of the current research is to identify Career optimism, the significance of the difference in Career optimism according to the gender variable (males - females), and to identify self-efficacy. The significance of the difference in self-efficacy according to the gender variable (males - females). And to identify the correlation between Career optimism and self-efficacy among students of the Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance. The current research is limited to students of the Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance in the fourth stage at Al-Mustansiriya University and the University of Diyala of both genders (males - females) for the academic year (2024-2025) and for morning study. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted Rottinghaus et al.'s (Rottinghaus et al., 2005) Career optimism scale, which consists of (11) items, prepared according to Savickas's career building theory (Savickas, 2002). Sanjuan et al.’s (Sanjuan et al. 2000) self-efficacy scale, which consists of (10) items, was prepared according to Bandura’s social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1997), as the scales are suitable for the sample of the current research, after the researcher translated the scales and verified the validity of the translation and their psychometric properties. And stability. The sample was selected according to a simple random method and consisted of (150) male and female students. The results showed: that the research sample has a high degree of Career optimism, and there is no difference in Career optimism between males and females, and that the research sample has a high degree of self-efficacy, and there is no difference in self-efficacy between males and females, and that there is a statistically significant direct relationship. Between Career optimism and self-efficacy. In light of these results, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to identify :
* The degree of possession of the teachers of the subject of Arabic and its schools in the preparatory and secondary stages of evaluative thinking skills .
* The directions of the teachers of the subject of Arabic and its schools towards the use of evaluative thinking skills.
* The correlation between the degree of possession of evaluative thinking skills and trends towards them among teachers of the subject of Arabic and its schools at the preparatory and secondary stages.
To document the specific goals, the researcher made the following assumptions :
* (There is no statistically significant difference at level (0.05) between the arithmetic mean in the grades of teachers of the subject of Arabic and its schools at the secondary and preparatory stages in the degree of use of evaluative thinking skills and the hypothetical average of the Observation Form).
* (There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05)) between the arithmetic mean in the grades of teachers of the subject of Arabic and its schools in the secondary and preparatory stages in measuring the trend in the use of evaluative thinking skills and the hypothetical average of the scale.)
• (There is no correlation at level (0.05)) between the level of use of teachers of the subject of Arabic and its schools in the secondary and preparatory stages of evaluative thinking skills and their attitudes towards them.)
To achieve, implement and test the research hypotheses, the researcher followed the steps and processes of the descriptive method .
As for the research community, it is determined by the teachers of the Arabic subject and its schools at the secondary and preparatory stages in the capital's educational directorates (Rusafa Education Directorate/1, Rusafa Education Directorate/2, Rusafa Education Directorate/3). the research sample was determined in a regular stratified form, which amounted to (87) teachers and schools of Arabic subject at the secondary and preparatory stages and by (25%) of the original research community, by (25) teachers and (62) schools. The researcher prepared a note card form for the purpose of measuring the evaluative thinking skills possessed by the research sample, and it was built from thirty-eight paragraphs distributed over five areas, and the scale that measures the trend for the purpose of knowing the trend among teachers of Arabic and its schools towards evaluative thinking skills, as it was built from (36) paragraphs, and the statistical characteristics were documented. The research operations found that there was a decrease in the level of the degree of possession of the teachers of the subject of Arabic and its schools in the secondary and preparatory stages of evaluative thinking skills, with positive trends towards them, and there is no correlation between the degree of possession and the direction . The researcher recommended the need to train teachers of the subject of the Arabic language and its schools in secondary and preparatory stages on the bags that develop intellectual processes

The current research aims to identify the impact of the (lee) strategy on developing reading comprehension among the fifth grade primary students. Reading according to the lee strategy and between the mean scores of the students of the control group studying reading material according to the usual method in the reading comprehension test.The researcher followed the experimental method, and an experimental design with partial control. As for the research community, it was determined by the fifth grade primary students in the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Al-Rusafa II, and the researcher randomly selected the “Green Valley” elementary school as a sample for his research. student, and the researcher was statistically equivalent between the two research groups using the variables: the chronological age calculated in months, the parents’ education, and the Arabic language achievement scores in the previous academic year.The researcher prepared a reading comprehension test consisting of 30 objective test items, and the psychometric characteristics of the test were verified before applying it. Using the t-test for two independent samples, the researcher concluded that there were statistical differences at the level of significance (0.05) for the benefit of the experimental group students.
The researcher recommended the adoption of the lee strategy in teaching the content of the reading material for the fifth grade of primary school, and suggests building similar studies in the intermediate and preparatory stages.

The Kawarbaghi Incident is the first bloody clash between the authorities and the workers. This incident left its impact on the nature of union work in Iraq. The authorities wanted to give a lesson to the workers to reject strikes and stay away from union work, but the result was completely the opposite; the workers' awareness intensified and their support for their unions increased, and the struggle for the union became the focus of the working class's struggle later After the end of World War II, an important shift occurred in the history of contemporary Iraq, through the development of concepts of political work and the increase in national awareness demanding democratic freedoms and the establishment of political parties as the cornerstone for building democratic life in the countries of the liberated world, including Iraq. Therefore, the labor movement emerged as a political and professional force that contributed to political events.
Research Methodology:
The research was divided into three main axes. The first axis addressed the role of political parties in supporting the Iraqi labor movement in 1946, and we briefly discussed the role of the parties that were formed in April 1946 in supporting that movement, especially in the demonstration (June 28, 1946). The second axis only focused on discussing the reasons for the Kawarbaghi incident by studying the demands of the oil workers in Kirkuk and the position of the Kirkuk District Governorate and the British Company on those demands and the results they led to after rejection after rejection, with a workers' strike in Kawarbaghi Park that ended with (six) victims and (fourteen) wounded. While the third axis discussed the impact of the Kawarbaghi incident on the government of Arshad Al-Omari, and we touched on the government's measures after the incident and the resignation of the Minister of Interior (Abdullah Al-Qassab) due to the minister's intersection of views with the Prime Minister regarding holding accountable those responsible for the incident, which ultimately led to Arshad Al-Omari submitting his resignation on (November 16, 1946).

Military rule in Chile was based on three pillars: neoliberal economic policies, protected democracy, and an authoritarian system. The Juanta, i.e. the military Junta, dominated the legislative, executive, and constitutional power through a series of decrees and laws. Although the 1980 Constitution specified time frames for the transition to democracy, some of its permanent provisions, in addition to its transitional provisions, contained several limitations.Many opposition forces began To resolve their differences and intersections and establish coalitions opposing the military regime, the inaugural of which was the Democratic Alliance in 1983, the National Accord for the transition to full democracy in 1985, and others. The transition to democracy came within the framework of a negotiation process between opposition forces and the government before and after the 1988 referendum.It can be noted that the Christian Democratic Party, headed by Aylwin, is one of the strongest centrist parties, which showed that it has the most popularity and popular support, and this was evident in the presidential elections on December 14, 1989.
However, Chile did not emerge from the framework of restricted democracy, as there remained a kind of guardianship of the army over civilian rule, and this came as a result of the laws approved by Pinochet during his rule. Therefore, the government of Patricio Aylwin had to deal with caution with the military institution at the beginning of its rule, although this was not the case. There is an obstacle to it healing the wounds of the past by establishing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission while continuing to adopt the same economic policies of the previous regime, taking into account the social aspects.
The restoration of democratic governance resulted in the reunification of the Chilean Socialist Party after its division into several wings during military rule. The reconsolidation of the right-wing parties, especially the National Renewal Party and the Independent Democratic Union, resulted in a noticeable and effective presence in the results of the congressional elections on December 14, 1989.

The current research aims to identify the impact of the Mediterranean diet accompanied by cardio exercises on the anthropometric measurements of women aged (30-45) years, and the researcher used the experimental method using tribal-dimensional measurement of one experimental group on a sample selected by the random intentional method of (20) women, (15) women of the basic sample and (5) women of the exploratory research sample. The results of the research have shown the positive effect of the Mediterranean diet accompanied by cardio exercises on weight loss and getting rid of fat and excess weight in all body contours. The researcher recommends the need to apply the Mediterranean diet accompanying any type of aerobic and water sports to reduce weight in both women and men, in addition to increasing nutritional and health awareness among community members, especially women.

Orientalists - of all kinds - were interested in studying the biography of the Messenger of God, Muhammad bin Abdullah (may God bless him and his family), in all its details, from the political and economic aspects, as well as the social aspects, considering the change this axis brought about in social life between the Arabs in particular and the world in general, and that is what was known About the nomadic life of Arabs and not giving social life much importance, especially women and their participation in social life, In contrast to what the Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) brought about consolidating the role of women in social life, through Islamic legislation for that, orientalists have shed light on these axes, including the participation of the Messenger of God Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) in family life, and the issue of The polygamy that God Almighty has singled out for her alone, beyond the number permitted in Islamic law, and the issue of women’s education and an explanation of the importance of this aspect in public life. This is done by explaining the most important different opinions of the Orientalists, between supporters, fanatics, and opponents. It has become clear that there is a development in the Orientalist perspective on the life of the Prophet from what it was in previous centuries, approaching moderation and fairness.

The study aimed to clarify the musical phenomena (counterpoint and alliteration) in the poetry of Abdullah Al-Shabrawi, Then explain the psychological purpose behind it in poetic texts, The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach by extracting and deducing the beauty points, Understanding its nature, causes and characteristics; To reach the desired goals, Through the phenomena of antithesis and alliteration, Al-Shabrawi was able to make the text more coherent, suggestive, and influential on the recipient; This is in his choice of homogeneous, not discordant words in the poetic text, Vocal music, embodied in counterpoint and alliteration, constitutes a prominent presence in the poetry of Abdullah Muhammad Al-Shabrawi; Because of its impact in determining the clear moral significance, and charging texts with great psychological charges .

aims to demonstrate the extent of methodological diversity in the approach to the ancient phonetic lesson, in addition to its approach to the modern phonetic lesson. The study found in the book (siru sinaeat al'iierab) by Ibn Jinni and the treatise ('asbab huduth alhuruf) by Ibn Sina an ideal example of this. The predecessors did not limit themselves to the functional aspect of sound, but rather went beyond it. Ibn Sina had the upper hand in studying it scientifically. The book ( siru sinaeat al'iierab by Ibn Jinni) was the best representative of the first trend in the Arab heritage, which is the functional study of sound, which is known today as the science of (phonology). Under its shadow, the phonetic lesson became an independent science, while Ibn Sina's effort in his treatise ('asbab huduth alhuruf) was the ideal image of what is known today as the science of (phonetics)

The Bahrain region is one of the important areas for internal and external trade in the Arabian Gulf, due to its connection through several important routes with the regions of the Arabian Peninsula and, via the sea, with countries around the world, especially India and China. The people of Bahrain were able to amass large amounts of wealth through their trade practices. This research focuses on Bahrain's geographical and commercial location and its impact on the economic life, which included agriculture, trade, and the pearl trade.The research is divided into three chapters:
The first chapter covers the naming of Bahrain, its location, and the routes leading to it.The second chapter discusses the most important islands of Bahrain, such as Al-Ahsa, Al-Qatif, Al-Zarah, Jawatha, Darin, and other significant islands, and how some of them were opened up.
The third chapter examines Bahrain's economic life, including agriculture, industry, internal and external trade, as well as fishing, which played an important role in the lives of the people of Bahrain, as they fished for pearls, a valuable commodity for them.

Resources Grammatical and morphological are very important for the teacher and the student and emphasize the importance of the book and Our approach is descriptive analytical And the importance of taking about scholar Then the scholars mentioned who are specialists in this field, then I mentioned the resources and how the scholars mentioned and the names of the books and explanations that Al-Attar used, and how he mentioned the grammatical difference between the groups of Al-Basrin, Al-Kufin, and Al-Baghdadien. After that, the methods of transmission and quotation were mentioned, and Al-Attar mentioned a lot of the Noble Qur’an in the writing and hadiths of the Prophet In addition to the speech of the Arabs, poetry and prose through direct and indirect transmission, and it is also transmitted literally or in meaning, which is the method of scholars. This is what we have received from his book. Haashiyat al-Attar (d. 1250 AH) on the explanation of al-Jalal al-Muhalli (d. 864 AH) JAM' AL-JAWAMI al-Subki (d. 771 AH) They are among the leading scholars of Shafi'i jurisprudence, thanks God first and last

the research aims to identify (the effect of the strategies of cognitive harvesting and writing down ideas on the Achievement of geography subject and the development of serious thinking among students of the fourth grade). The research chose middle (the poet Muzaffar AL-Nawab) intentionally from the first Rusafa Education schools for the purpose of implementing the experimental there. The research sample consisted of (92) students in three classes , They were randomly distributed into three groups, The researcher equalize the three groups in many variables (prior knowledge , and the age ,and IQ , and previous geographical achievement, and prior serious thinking test). After the researcher determining the scientific material that included the fourth and fifth chapters of the book foundation of geography and lts techniques , he then analyzed the content of the two chapters of the material, for the purpose of determining its behavioral objectives which amounted to(120) goals according to all levels of Bloom classification, and in light of the objectives and content of the two chapters (22) teaching plans were prepared for each of the three groups . and two tests were used , the first is for Achievement including (40) test items, and the other for the serious thinking by the researcher which consisted of (25) items, and using one-way analysis and Scheffe test ,the researcher reached following results: (The students superiority of the first and second experimental groups on the students of the control in the achievement test) and (The students superiority of the first experimental group on the students of the control group in serious thinking posttest) .In the light of the above results, the researcher came conclusions and proposals, and recommended and recommendation for other studies.

With the rapid development of technology and the digital transformation that the world is witnessing, the family is facing new and increasing challenges in terms of raising and educating children in the digital age, and here lies the problem of the research, as technology has become an integral part of people's lives, as children and adolescents use smart devices and the Internet on a daily basis for studying, communicating, entertainment, and even forming a self-identity. With this change, new challenges emerge for the family in terms of its ability to balance between benefiting from technology and maintaining the correct educational guidance. From the above, the current research aims to identify the most prominent educational challenges facing the family in the digital age, and to achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive inductive approach. The study reached a set of challenges related to the (social, religious, moral, cultural) aspect. In light of these challenges, the researcher developed a set of recommendations.

University education has a prominent position among other stages of education due to the pioneering role played by this type of movement of civilizational growth for societies. University students are sometimes exposed to problems and crises in their academic life. Psychological security is one of the basic needs necessary for the healthy psychological growth of each individual. When a university student feels a lack of psychological security within the university campus, this leads him to feel insecure and unstable in his studies, which affects his ability to achieve academic achievement and thus his feeling of poor compatibility and even to his feeling of academic failure. (Girgis, 2000, p. 55) It also leads to the emergence of some psychological disorders and diseases such as fear, anxiety and depression. It shows feelings of lack of confidence in the world around him, which leads to isolation and distancing from his group. On the other hand, the loss of a sense of psychological security may make students feel fear and a sense of deficiency and mental health disorder and may lead to hatred for the source of the loss. (Al-Khalidi, 1990, p. 75)
Fear of academic failure is a problem for many students at all different educational levels, as the person who fears failure shows some symptoms of tension and anxiety, and hinders the educational process in achieving its goals, as it occupies a prominent place among those working in the field of educational, psychological, social and biological sciences, and is even the most important problem that worries educators and students alike (Khairallah, 1981: 151). And the fear of academic failure affects the process of self-realization and mutual relationships with others, and therefore special attention should be given by educational institutions, in addition to general attention from society (Jedka Rensef, 2000: 89 p.). Therefore, this problem greatly affects the student's morals and the moral system of society. Studies have indicated that those who fail academically more than once, those who repeated the year for the second time, and those who were looking forward to academic success but failed are more likely to feel academic incompetence and that they are not worthy of success. Therefore, they will work at a level much lower than their actual level due to their falling into internal conflicts that dissipate their energies and prevent them from organizing their thinking. They show great sensitivity and complex expectations for any form of criticism and evaluation from others (Mahdi, 1973, 248 p.). The fear of academic failure is directly exposed to the individual in the academic field, which makes students who feel this fear weak, unstable, and depressed (Mohammed, 2008: 81). Therefore, the problem of the current research stems from the following question: Is there a relationship between psychological security and fear of academic failure among university students?

The research aims to explain the approach of Imam Al-Baqaei in his book "Masa'id Al-Nazar li-Ashraf ala Maqasid Al-Sur" This book Which is considered one of the most prominent works in this field specialized in explaining the objectives of the Quranic surahs, was a great addition to the Islamic library, as it added something new, which is the science of occasions and the science of the objectives of the surahs, and although he was not the first to write about them, he was the first to devote them to independent books. Research plan: The research consisted of An introduction and two sections, the first section includes dealt with: A general view of Al-Baqaei's approach in his book (Masa'id Al-Nazar li-Ashraf ala Maqasid Al-Sur) and included six demands. As for the second chapter: Clarification of the thematic unity and applications on Surat Al-Baqarah. Conclusion: It included the results reached by the research, and a list of the names of sources and references.

Reading and deep research into the ancient literary heritage is a starting point for new ideas and stories that can reveal the secrets of that heritage. Pre-Islamic poetry is full of meanings and aesthetic images, which are difficult to define or study. Pre-Islamic poetry involves difficulties and texts that are sometimes difficult to pronounce. At the same time, it includes aesthetic characteristics that are almost unique to it. Therefore, we find that most studies on pre-Islamic poetry seek to search for that aesthetic and the factors that contributed to highlighting it. The study is based on presenting some studies that revolved around the poet Antarah ibn Shaddad and opinions about his personality and poetry. This personality carried many values and morals that most Arab knights were famous for, but Antarah is almost different. Being in the same circumstances as Antarah, his birth and life, and the rejection of his lineage are factors that almost made him a different person, but Antarah made those things a source of pride and self-confidence. This study is a review of the studies that were written about Antarah. We do not want to present a detailed picture of Antarah, but rather shed light on the studies that dealt with his poetry. We came out of this study with the following results: 1- Standing on the literary studies that dealt with Antarah. 2- Clarifying the opinions on his poetry and standing on the points of agreement and disagreement

The current research aims to know the attitude of parents towards men working as teachers in kindergartens. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey approach, prepared a scale consisting of (23) paragraphs and applied it to a sample of (200) individuals from parents of children after subjecting it to validity and reliability standards. The following statistical methods were used: frequencies and percentages, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, arithmetic mean, t-test for two independent samples, one-way analysis of variance. The research results concluded that the number of parents who do not support men working in kindergartens was (104) at a rate of (52%), while those who support it numbered (96) at a rate of (48%). The tendency of parents' responses was to agree with the positives of men working in kindergartens, and tended to be (indifferent) towards the negatives of men working as teachers in kindergartens. As for knowing the extent of statistical significance in parents' attitudes attributed to personal variables, there were no statistically significant differences according for the gender variable (males and females), it was found that there were statistically significant differences according to the age variable in favor of the age group (35-40). There were also statistically significant differences according to the educational attainment variable in favor of the group whose educational attainment is a bachelor’s degree. In light of the research results, the researcher prepared a set of recommendations and proposals related to the subject related to the subject.

Between the years 1982-2003, the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah witnessed cultural transformations through the construction of many cultural institutions, heritage centers, and popular associations that contributed to improving the culture of the Emirati individual and helping him preserve his heritage, which is among the goals of the comprehensive development process followed in the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah. Cultural development took several axes, the most important of which was the establishment of cultural centers and folk and heritage arts associations, The concerned authorities in popular institutions and associations were keen to demonstrate the emirate’s heritage values, reviving ancestral sports and hobbies such as camel racing, rowing, and handicrafts, and holding exhibitions that support communication between generations, and deepening societal customs and traditions in the souls and behavior of the population.
The Ras Al Khaimah government has also worked to develop the literary and theatrical movement by establishing sports and cultural clubs, in addition to encouraging tourism by developing the tourism sector and promoting its institutions. Tourism has become an economic, recreational and cultural source, by spreading awareness of the importance of heritage and its sustainability and transferring it to new generations through organizing seminars, conferences, events and workshops. The Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah has emerged among the rest of the Emirates of the country with its unique cultural character that combines authenticity and innovation.

This study explores the English subordinate adverbial clauses and adverbial subordinators and compares them with their Arabic counterparts. The problems of This study tries to investigate, Accordingly, it hypothesizes that (1) Whether the English subordinate adverbial clauses have corresponding Arabic counterparts and (2) Whether the English adverbial subordinators have corresponding Arabic equivalents. The present study tackles the problem of the absence of corresponding Arabic equivalents to the English subordinate adverbial clauses and subordinators. This could pose a problem to translators. This study limits itself to the subordinate adverbial clauses as they appear within the context of complex sentences. Other types of subordinate clauses, nominal or adjectival, are beyond the scope of this study. This study is hoped to be of some theoretical and practical value to those concerned with syntactic structures and translation. The methodology adopted in dealing with the subject under investigation is the contrastive approach.

This study intends to examine the efficiency of student-centered learning (SCL) through Google classroom in enhancing the readiness of fourth stage females’ pre-service teachers. The research employs a quasi-experimental design with a control and experimental group to compare the teaching readiness of participants before and after the intervention. The participants were 30 of fourth stage students at the University of Baghdad - College of Education for Women/the department of English and data were collected through observation checklist to assess their teaching experience and questionnaires to assess their perceptions towards using Google Classroom. Two sections were selected, C as a control group and D as the experimental one each with (15) participants. At the beginning of the experiment, both groups have been equalized in some variables, then all students have been tested by using observation checklist to measure their readiness. The researcher applied the students-centered learning in the class and electronically through google classroom on the experimental group. At the end of the experiment, the researcher retested students by observation checklist to measure their readiness to teach through structured visits at their schools observing their teaching with their real students. Then the researcher collected the students’ perceptions towards using Google Classroom. The findings elucidated the positive impact of student-centered learning that can be obtained on Google classroom in comparison with the traditional methods being used. The results showed that students are highly motivated through the student-centered approach and it enriches their knowledge, autonomy, collaboration, engagement and experiences for future teaching as well as their readiness is highly advantageous with student centered learning than with the previous methods used.

The current research seeks to identify the effect of the Lorsbach model on the acquisition of concepts and attitudes towards aesthetics among students of the Department of Art Education. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher followed the steps of the quasi-experimental approach through two experimental and control groups amounting to (86) divided equally between both groups. The third grade in the Department of Art Education and the two branches (A) and (B) were chosen to be the research sample. The researcher built a test to measure concepts in aesthetics as well as a scale of attitudes towards the subject and verified the psychometric properties. After applying the experiment, the study reached the following results:
1. The Lorsbach model had an effect on the acquisition of concepts in aesthetics by students of the experimental group
2. The Lorsbach model achieves positive attitudes towards aesthetics for students of the experimental group compared to the control group.

The study included five chapters. The first chapter included the introduction and the importance of the research. The research hypotheses were
1-There are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre-tests and the results of the post-tests between the experimental and control groups in learning some basketball skills.
2-There are statistically significant differences between the results of the post-tests of the experimental group and the control group in learning some basketball skills in favor of the experimental group.
The second chapter included theoretical studies (McCarthy model, learning styles according to the McCarthy model), as well as the importance of linking in complex skills, chest handling, and peaceful scoring. The third chapter used the experimental method because it is suitable for the nature of the problem to be solved. The research community and sample were determined in the intentional manner consisting of first-stage students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year 2023-2024, numbering (175) male and female students, with (5) sections. The sample was selected in a systematic random manner using the lottery method, where the experimental sample group became 30 and the control group 30. The researchers used skill tests (chest handling after performing the tapping, jumping scoring after performing the tapping) where pre-tests were conducted and the steps of the McCarthy model were applied in four steps, which are: The first stage is reflective observation and includes two steps: (connection and integration), the second stage is crystallization of the concept and includes (visualization and media), and the third stage is active experimentation and includes (Application and expansion) and the fourth stage is the tangible material experiences and includes (development and performance), and these eight great steps are the matter of learning patterns and brain control, and their inclusion within the educational unit in the main final section where the number of units reached five educational units at a rate of one educational unit per week and then the post-tests were conducted, a week and the fourth chapter included the presentation, analysis and discussion of the pre- and post-tests and complex skills and post-tests between the experimental and control group. The fifth chapter included conclusions that the special educational units prepared according to the McCarthy model had a positive impact on the experimental group.
Recommendations Emphasis on the use of modern educational design according to educational models including McCarthy in university study variables to learn basketball skills

(A strategy for teaching by doing and its effectiveness in the performance of students of the Department of Art Education by drawing on the skin)
Summary of the research:
The research problem was identified in the following question: Q/ Is the work-learning strategy effective in developing the skillful performance of the students of the Department of Art Education by drawing on the skin?
The objectives of the research were to identify:
Identifying the effectiveness of the learning-by-doing strategy in developing the skillful performance of the students of the Department of Art Education by drawing on the skin. In order to ensure the achievement of the research objectives, the following hypotheses were formulated:
1- There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students and the mean scores of the control group in the post-skill test of drawing on the skin.
2- There are statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students and the mean scores of the control group in the post-cognitive test of drawing on the skin. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher chose the Department of Art Education / College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University / first-stage students of the academic year 2022-2023 AD / the second course to conduct the experiment. Cognitive and skillful, and using the t-test for two independent samples, the researcher concluded the following The experimental method with equal groups and pre and post test was chosen to develop the skills of drawing on the skin in handicrafts. The sample size was 149 after exclusion, as it was chosen by the intentional method, and then the students were randomly selected for each control and experimental group, as the number of each group reached (40) students. and female students for the control group, Hall No. (1,2) and the experimental group, numbering (40), from Hall No. (3,4), as the total number of the sample became (80 male and female students), out of a total of four halls, as the number of one hall is 40 male and female students, and they were excluded Graduates of the Teachers Institute, because he has previous experience and two failures due to absence, and the equivalence of the two research groups has been conducted, and after processing the results statistically using ssps And by using the means, the research sample has been statistically equivalent using statistical means, (the t-test, the chi-square equation, the Raven test coefficient for intelligence, and the equivalence equation in the gender variable, as (Ka2) was used in the treatment of data for the gender variable, the difficulty coefficient for the paragraph, the discrimination coefficient, the effectiveness of wrong alternatives, and the coefficient Point Becerial Correlation to extract the correlation and the test stability equation, and the Cueder-Richardson equation to extract the stability in skill performance using the Alpha Cro Nabach method, and to measure the size of effectiveness, as the (McGogian) equation was used to calculate the average scores of students for the experimental group in pre and post skill and cognitive performance.
The results showed the following
1- Statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the students of the two research groups in the cognitive test and the skillful performance of handicrafts by drawing on the skin. In the light of these results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, including:
1- The experimental group was superior to the control group in showing the results of the artwork.
2- The learning-by-doing strategy contributed to the development of students' skillful performance.
3- The participation of students with modern and new designs in performance that expands its ability and increases the effectiveness of its performance at work.

Spatial models have been of great importance in the study of spatial relationships and economic and geographical phenomena. As a result of this importance, researchers have highlighted the development of spatial data modeling in accordance with the foundations and assumptions of those models, and their use has spread in many fields and applications.
One of the widely used spatial models is the Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model, but one of the shortcomings of this model is that it requires the availability of its own conditions and assumptions and restrictions on its parameters to achieve stability, so the described as The Matrix Exponential Spatial Specification Model (MESS) appeared that exceeds the restrictions. imposed, which is characterized by constructing a matrix of spatial adjacencies in the form of an exponential matrix. A new method was proposed to improve prediction accuracy by using a mechanism to calculate the matrix of exponential spatial weights called (the spectral analysis method). The matrix of spatial exponential weights was also calculated based on two methods (the Taylor series method). (And the Suggested method). The model parameters were estimated using the Quasi-Maximum likelihood (QML) method. Simulations were performed for three sample sizes (35, 75, 150). A program was designed in the R programming language to calculate the exponential matrix and estimate the model parameters. The results showed When using the exponential matrix spatial according to the Suggested method, it is the best for all sample sizes and different levels of variance compared to the Taylor series method.

The current research aims to identify the use of the Yacker model in the achievement and development of deductive thinking among students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the subject of the history of Islamic art and ancient civilizations. The research problem relates to the use of the “Yaker” model to improve students’ achievement and develop their deductive thinking in the subject of the history of Islamic art and ancient civilizations among students. Institute of Fine Arts. Students suffer from poor academic achievement and a lack of inferential thinking skills, which negatively affects their ability to understand and analyze academic material in depth. The study aims to explore the effect of applying the Yacker model on enhancing students’ achievement and developing their reasoning skills, which may contribute to providing innovative and effective educational strategies. The importance of research lies in its ability to improve academic performance and enhance students’ analysis and interpretation skills, which will lead to improving the quality of education in this field. The research objectives include evaluating the impact of the model on achievement and the development of inferential thinking, and providing educational strategies based on the research results. The research includes collecting data through academic tests, questionnaires, and classroom observation, and analyzing it using statistical methods such as variance analysis and descriptive tests. Expectations indicate that applying the Yacker model will lead to a significant improvement in the level of achievement and the ability to think inferentially, which calls for recommendations to enhance the use of the model in teaching and develop training programs for teachers.

The history of the Olympic movement in Iraq is a rich history that reflects the interest of Iraqi governments and society in sports, the social and economic conditions, and international relations, and highlights the intersection of sports and politics and the impact of global events on local sports development. Therefore, providing a valuable insight into the reality of the participation and results achieved by Iraq in The Olympic courses for the period under study helps in giving a broader understanding of Iraq’s position in the global sports community. The research aims to document the important events in the development of the Olympic movement in Iraq for the period (1929-2000) and explore the formation and development of the Iraqi Olympic Committee and its role in promoting Iraq’s Olympic participation, and documenting An analysis of Iraq’s participation and most notable achievements in the Olympic Games for the period (1948-2000). The historical approach was relied upon for its suitability and the nature of the problem, and the most prominent conclusions were that the establishment of the first Iraqi Olympic Committee to obtain international recognition in 1948 enabled Iraq to participate in the Olympic Games for the first time, in the London Games that were held in the same year, and that Iraq obtained the only bronze medal in Olympic Games for the period under study, in the Rome Games in 1960, with weightlifting by the weightlifter Abdel Wahed Abdel Aziz.

The research aimed to to identify the level of some physiological connotations at rest time (metabolism at rest (RMR), the number of heart rates at the time of rest Physiological connotations, and the adoption of technology measuring these physiological connotations as indicators to evaluate the periodic review of planning and implementing the methods of training used for young players in basketball, and the descriptive curriculum in the survey style of the research community represented by its borders of the basketball league players in the Baghdad Governorate for the Sports Mass (2024/2023) represented by both clubs Participation in this league, which is (electrical industries, housing, Salish, Air Force, Popular Mobilization, Civil Defense) of (72) players, all of whom were deliberately chosen in a comprehensive inventory by (100 %) of this society, and the researcher adopted physiological measurement technology in a system Italian Fit Mate Pro is a Bluetooth for each player by surveying them with this system. and then the data of each of these physiological connotations and their arrangement in an upward metabolism test time and descending to my heartbeat tests and breathing rate in order to derive standards of standard evaluation of the level of some physiological connotations at the time of rest at the research Sam The conclusions and recommendations are that it helps the objective measurement by adopting physiological sport technology trained to obtain a quantitative evidence that enables him to set standard levels for each player to evaluate the training curriculum followed with them based on the criteria derived from the results of some physiological connotations at the time of rest (metabolism at rest (RMR), and the number of heartbeat HR REST, and the breathing rate time (RF)), and the coach's knowledge of the level of physiological connotations (metabolism at rest (RMR), the number of heartbeat at rest (HR REST), and the breathing rate at rest (RF)) helps) Basketball players have to support their planning for their training according to their capabilities in these indicators, It is necessary to provide a Fitmate pro device system for each club and prepare an assistant medical staff or physiological test specialists in it to obtain quantitative data with high accuracy and objectivity that helps coaches evaluate their training curricula in this collective game

Plastic arts in general and graphic arts in particular depend on their vocabulary and themes as the formation and construction of a new text based on different environmental and life texts, and taking them as new formulations that retain the metaphorical image and the intended meaning in the painting and the plastic achievement, as the idea interacts with the technique with colors to indicate a kind of sharing and interaction at levels where the topics (deletion, addition, composition) overlap between its vocabulary. Where the benefit here is at the philosophical and intellectual level, and the meaning to a new text is an artistic painting that serves the recipient by displaying those achievements and plastic paintings to become one of the most exciting arts left by the painter through letters and his own artistic discourse, and through that excitement the aesthetic discourse has become directly influential on the artistic, cultural and academic medium, and then directly enters into the development, development and formation of the personality of the painter and then its impact on the recipients. These aesthetic concepts with their artistic discourses have taken a kind of assimilation in the preparation of the idea of the plastic painting of the painter, and then create it figuratively to become clear and visible through its aesthetic discourse, which develops its connotations its artistic discourse, where the researcher advanced in this study to prepare a scientific methodology was the plastic artistic texts with aesthetic discourse in the art of contemporary Iraqi painting, and display the mechanisms of diagnosis in them, and then the measurements of the impact of the recipient, and therefore the researcher went to achieve intellectual attachments and vital deliberative communication that played With the system of formal text, and at artistic levels, whether it is color, kinetic or indicative of the lines, and its purpose is to impose the aesthetic influence on the recipient, thus becoming a deliberative communication system in formative, signal, kinetic and color units that produced plastic artistic texts in which the researcher relied in their construction on the experience of contemporary Iraqi painters from the period 1960-1980, and focused on the embodiment of all artistic, sensory and intellectual requirements that achieve pleasure, knowledge and philosophy, and bring about influence and change in the behavior of the recipient. The researcher goes through the painter's borrowing of elements, symbols and icons from previous texts and repositioning and formulating them in a new context in which he keeps pace with the artistic schools of modernity and beyond, where they lead to influence and change because they have carried different connotations and forms from each other.

art of the postmodern era announced its abandonment of all values، including artistic and aesthetic values، and its separation from the pattern of history through its embodiment of contents and forms characterized by distortion and strangeness that are in harmony with the state of cognitive openness characterized by freedom from rational observation of the entire postmodern system، and its attachment to the vulgar، the marginal، the everyday، and the emergency. Which is consistent with the aspirations that reject elite art، reinforcing the concepts of irrationality، nihilism، deconstruction، and difference، as postmodern art is based on attracting the mind and attention of the recipient، not his eyes and feelings، to form a kind of spiritual alienation in the relationship of the self to nature. Thus، this research addresses the problem of reaching a new world that has dropped all standards، The importance of the research is evident through the widening scope of research between values and the post-modern era and the study of the era with all its ramifications and its reflection on the aesthetic، technical and artistic aspects. Its results benefit those interested، as the research has historical، aesthetic and artistic importance based on the descriptive and analytical approaches، The research plan is divided into an introduction، two sections، and a conclusion. In the first section، the researcher investigates the art schools throughout the most widespread and widespread post-modern era، and penetrates them into all the experiences، techniques، and procedures of these art schools. In the second section، she addresses the artists who most express the vocabulary of (value subversion) and its trends with an objective vision. It is closer to the spirit of monitoring and analysis، and the conclusion includes the most prominent conclusions and recommendations reached

The training process has taken an organizational form and structure that is consistent with the state of new development of methods and means used in the training process. Scientific and technical development has added many new and modern methods in a way that is compatible with the nature of the sports activity practiced and the age group of the trainees with the specialized sports activity in order to achieve the best results and invest privacy. Training related to the type of activity in order to have a direct effect on improving the skill, physical, functional, tactical, psychological and mental level of the player. It is also important to reach this highest sporting level It comes through the use of modern training methods, methods and means based on scientific foundations that are compatible with the rules and laws of sports training. Weight ropes are one of the modern training tools that aim to increase muscle strength through the stability provided by the ropes, which work to develop the freestyler’s performance level and then achieve the desired achievement. Thus, this study came to demonstrate the importance of using exercises with heavy ropes in developing some of the physical abilities of the freestyle volleyball player The research problem focused on the fact that diversity, change, and modernity are among the basic pillars for reaching the optimal training state, and this comes through continuous search for what is new and different and avoiding boredom within the training unit when performing physical exercises. Hence, the research problem emerged in using heavy rope exercises to develop some Physical abilities of a freestyle volleyball player he research aimed to prepare exercises with heavy ropes, and to identify the effect of exercises with heavy ropes to develop some of the physical abilities of the volleyball freestyle player. The research assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests among the research sample to develop some of the physical abilities of the volleyball freestyle player. The researcher used the experimental method with a design (one group with a pre-test and a post-test) to suit the nature of the research and its problem .As for the research community, the researcher identified the research community for the players of the Specialized School of Volleyball, which numbered (6) freestyle players. The exercises were carried out with heavy ropes on the day2024/6/2 for a day, and one of the most important conclusions of the research is that the curriculum with heavy ropes has a role in developing physical abilities and the accuracy of performing technical skills with the ball. The plane is in the experimental group. The research concluded the need to develop training curricula and use modern methods, tools and equipment, which are the basis for the success of the training unit and raising the level of players.

As a result of the increasing consumption of bottled drinking water in Iraq in general and Baghdad in particular and the recent increase in the number of factories producing this water, this research was prepared to evaluate the quality of drinking water and the output from factories. Where 55 samples of local bottled water, the most consumed in the city of Baghdad, were collected and examined from direct sales stations, taking into account the newness of the product, for the period from the last quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, at a rate of two samples for each sample. Some physical and chemical tests were conducted, namely the acid function (pH), dissolved solid salts (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and calculation of salinity concentration. All experiments were conducted at a temperature of 25 °C.
The study aims to evaluate the quality of bottled water and its conformity with approved Iraqi specifications. The results of the study showed that most of the tests conformed to the requirements of the Iraqi specifications, with a difference between the specifications of the water produced and proven by the companies and the results of the practical tests, in addition to differences in the acid content of some companies from the standard specifications

The Conway Maxwell Poisson Regression (COMPR) model is highly flexible due to its ability to adapt to different data dispersion cases, both increasing and decreasing, due to the presence of the smoothing constant and the dispersion parameter within the (COMP) distribution function, which makes it suitable for modeling economic, health, traffic accidents, and other phenomena with varying dispersion. In this research, a regression model (COMPR) was estimated in the case of data with over and underdispersion, where a Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted, to compare between the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the weighted maximum likelihood estimator (WMLE) and the quasi-likelihood estimator (QLE), where the simulation results showed based on the trade-off criteria (MSE) (R2) and for sample sizes (50, 100, 150) and explanatory variables (6) and for the cases of underdispersion at values of the dispersion parameter (0.5, 0.85) and overdispersion at values of the dispersion parameter (3, 9), that the weighted maximum likelihood estimator (WMLE) is more efficient than the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the quasi-likelihood estimator (QLE) in estimating the Conway Maxwell Poisson regression model for all sample sizes and for the cases of over and underdispersion.

The study aimed to find out the effect of using the polya model on the mathematical coherence skills of fourth grade students in mathematics. The quasi-experimental design was chosen، and the study sample consisted of 77 students distributed into two groups: the experimental (39) students and the control (38) students، and after conducting the equivalence process between the two groups. In some variables that are believed to affect the conduct of the experiment، the experimental group studied according to the steps of the (polya) model and the second (control) group studied according to the usual method. The two groups studied in the three chapters (basic concepts in geometry and vectors، basic concepts in coordinate geometry، Statistics) for the content of the mathematics book for the fourth scientific grade، after completing the teaching process، the two groups applied the study tool، the Mathematical Interconnection Skills Test، which consists of (20) items. Appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the results، and the statistical analysis program SPSS was used. The results of the study indicated that there was a statistically significant positive effect of the model on mathematical interconnection skills compared to the usual way.

The goal of the research is to prepare synchronized exercises between psycho and functional strength exercises for football players, and to identify their effect on the explosive ability of the legs, and in the long handling and corner kick skills of football players, so that the researcher assumes that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the experimental and control research groups. In each of the explosive ability of the two men, my skill, the long tackle, and the corner kick with a football, and there are statistically significant differences between the results of the tests of the experimental and control groups of the post-test in each of the explosive ability of the two men, my skill, the long handle, and the corner kick with a soccer ball. The experimental method was adopted by designing the experimental and control groups, and it consisted the limits of the research community include the advanced young players in the Police Sports Club in outdoor football, numbering (24) players for the sports season (2023-2024). The research sample was deliberately chosen from them in a comprehensive enumeration method (100%) of this community, and then they were divided into two experimental and control groups with equal numbers. After determining the tests, the training units were prepared and applied at a rate of (3) training units for a period of (8) weeks, with a total of (24) training units in the special preparation period. At the end of the experiment, the results were processed with the (SPSS) system so that the conclusions and recommendations were: Preparing synchronized exercises between psycho and functional strength exercises that are suitable for football players in outdoor stadiums, and their application helps in developing the explosive ability of the legs, and in improving the long handling and corner kick skills of the football players who train with them, and superior to their peers who train without them, and it is necessary to avoid loads. Exaggerating the increase in training loads when preparing synchronized exercises between psycho and functional strength exercises for football players, and it is necessary to increase the knowledge of coaches on how to set the parameters for planning and implementing synchronized exercises between psycho and functional strength exercises according to precautions that guarantee the safety of football players.

The current research aims to know "the effect of the Barman model on the achievement of mathematics among first-year middle school students and their critical thinking skills". The research sample included 63 first-year middle school students for the first semester of the academic year 2023-2024. Al-Rafidain Intermediate School for Boys affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad/Karkh 3 was randomly selected. The students were divided into two groups: the control group, which included Section (B) and consisted of 31 students, who were taught in the usual way, and the experimental group, which included Section (C) and consisted of 33 students, who were taught according to the Barman model.The researchers were keen to balance the two groups in terms of the following variables: "chronological age, intelligence, prior knowledge, and previous achievement". The two research tools were prepared, namely the "Mathematical Achievement Test", which consists of 20 objective multiple-choice items, according to the (Merill) classification, which includes three levels: "Remember, Apply, and Discover". The reliability coefficient was calculated using the (Kuder-Richard) equation (RK-20), where the reliability coefficient value reached 86%. A critical thinking test was also prepared, which also consists of 20 objective paragraphs distributed over five skills: inference, interpretation, reasoning, deduction, and evaluation. Using the same equation, a reliability coefficient of 88% was obtained. After completing the experiment, two tests (mathematical achievement and critical thinking skills) were applied to the two groups: the control and the experimental. After collecting the data, appropriate statistical methods were used, and the research results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the Barman model in both tests (mathematical achievement and critical thinking skills test) compared to the students of the control group. Based on the results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented.

The current research seeks to identify the effectiveness of the dry laboratory strategy in acquiring biological concepts among the fifth scientific class students. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the study relied on the quasi-experimental approach by designing a control group with a pre- and post-application, and in order to collect the necessary data and information, it was done Building a test to measure the biological concepts of biology, as well as making equivalencies between the experimental and control research groups. After applying the experiment, the study reached the following results:
1. The dry laboratory strategy has a clear effectiveness in acquiring biological concepts for fifth scientific class students.
2. There are statistically significant differences between both thee experimental and control groups, and these differences are in favor of the experimental group.

There are some difficulties that some students encounter when solving verbal problems. Perhaps the most important of them is the students’ weakness in the reading ability of mathematical problems and thus the difficulty of understanding and comprehending them. This is what some research has indicated, so these researches have recommended the importance of reading in facilitating the solution of verbal problems in mathematics.To verify this, the researcher decided to conduct a study whose goal was to verify the existence of a relationship between mathematical reading ability and problem solving. Verbal among primary school students.A null hypothesis was developed in order to verify the aim of the study. ((There is no relationship between mathematical reading ability and solving verbal problems among fourth-primary students))To verify the hypothesis, the researcher needed to prepare two tests, one for mathematical reading ability and the other for verbal problems. The researcher chose fourth-grade primary school students from schools belonging to the Baghdad Education Directorate/Al-Karkh III/Kadhimiya District for the academic year 2021-2022 AD to be the research population. The sample consisted of 200 male and female students from the class. Fourth primary school. The descriptive approach was the approved approach. The researcher prepared two research tools: the mathematical reading ability test, which consisted of 20 items, and the silver issues test, which consisted of 10 items. To verify the research hypothesis, the researcher used some statistical methods, namely: (the difficulty factor and the distinction factor (for the essay and thematic items)) The Cronbach-Alpha stability equation, the Kuder-Richard stability equation, the effectiveness of alternatives equation, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, Weight percentile, z test ) After conducting two tests on the sample, correcting the papers, and performing statistical analyses, the following result was reached:(Rejecting the null hypothesis) That is, the study proved that there is a relationship between mathematical reading ability and solving verbal problems among the research sample.In light of the results, the researcher made recommendations including :Providing mathematics teachers, both male and female, with some reading strategies and skills, and developing training programs for them to apply these strategies in solving verbal problems, and taking into account the student’s age and his environmental and cultural level when formulating verbal problems and reviewing them by specialists in the Arabic language.

The research problem is to study the profound cultural and social influences on industrial jewelry designs, and how they develop in light of the rapid changes in tastes and fashion. The main objective of this study is to further understand how jewellery designers adapt and develop contemporary cultural and social transformations, as well as to identify the ways in which bold and new designs can capture the attention and interest of the target audience and how they can meet their diverse aspirations in the contemporary jewellery world. To achieve this goal, the study will include an in-depth analysis of the cultural and social factors that influence the design of jewellery and its various aspects, including cultural and contemporary customs and traditions, and socio-economic beliefs and values, and the changing interests and requirements of the target audience. In addition, the study will also include an analysis of the latest trends and fashions in the world of jewelry, and assess their impact on design trends and audience preferences. Using multiple research methodologies, this study will help to develop a deeper understanding of how cultural and social factors influence jewellery designs and trends, and provide valuable recommendations for designers and makers as well as those interested in the jewellery industry.

This study aims to clarify the pentagram strategy and its effectiveness in developing the skills of solving mathematical verbal problems among middle school students. To clarify this proposed strategy, the researcher chose the experimental method with partial control with two groups (experimental group and control group), where the experimental group was taught using the proposed Pentagram strategy for teaching, while the control group was taught using traditional methods. The results were shown after the procedures carried out by the researcher from choosing the research community and sample and controlling the equivalence variables for the two research groups and preparing the verbal mathematical problem solving test and taking into account the arbitrators' comments and coming out with the final test, where the results indicated the superiority of the students of the experimental group in the post-test, and the results also showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group in the post-test over the students of the same group in the pre-test to solve verbal problems. The strategy also proved its effectiveness in developing the skills of solving mathematical verbal problems by extracting the value of the adjusted gain ratio for Black, which was greater than the value determined by Black.

To prepare polymeric films with optical properties that can be applied in optical sensors and other electro-optical devices, thin films of polyethylene glycol polymer were prepared by spin-coating on glass substrates and then doped with different percentages of rhodamine 6G dye (2 and 4 wt.%). FE-Scanning electron microscope images it was shown that the prepared films have homogeneous and regular surfaces and contain some minor defects, and that the addition of rhodamine dye does not affect the morphology of the prepared films. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all samples had a polycrystalline structure and that the crystalline state improved after doping with rhodamine dye. Diagnosis of optical properties was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Absorption, transmittance, absorption coefficient, and optical gap energy were measured and studied, in addition to the optical constants represented by the extinction coefficient and refractive index at the wavelength range from 300 to 650 nm. The clear effect of doping with rhodamine dye on these optical parameters was demonstrated. The effect of doping with rhodamine dye and the behavior of the refractive index with the energy of the incident photon indicate the possibilities of applying these thin films in routers and optical sensors.

The aim of this research is to know the effect of the visual thinking strategy on the achievement of artistic elements subject for the students of the Art Education Department. The research goal is achieved through the following sub-goals: 1 - Designing educational plans according to the strategy of visual thinking in the subject of art. 2- Measuring the size of the effect of the teaching plans. The total of the research sample was (60) male and female students from the Department of Art Education, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used experimental design with two independent and equivalent self-testing groups (pre-post), and the researcher prepared the research tool represented by the achievement cognitive test consisting of (30) questions, It was characterized by honesty and consistency, and the experiment lasted (8) weeks and after the application of the tool and using statistical methods in data processing, the results showed statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group that is taught according to the visual thinking strategy and the control group that is taught according to the Aiqa in the usual art material elements at the level (0.05) in the achievement test of cognitive posttest for the experimental group. Through the results of the research, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, including: Using the content of the teaching plans in teaching the subject of art, as it includes a set of educational techniques and educational images represented by (artistic works) to help remember cognitive information. And proposals, including: The effect of the visual thinking strategy on the development of achievement among students of the Department of Art Education in the subject matter.

In this paper, Hermite polynomials (HPs) are introduced to solve the 2nd kind Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations (VFIDEs) of the first and second order. This technique is based on replacing the unknown function “infinite series” by truncated series of that is well know by Hermite expansion of functions. The presented method converts the equation into matrix form or a system of algebraic equations with Hermite coefficients which they must be determined. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved.The convergence analysis of the method are studied.Some examples for the first, and second orders of 2nd kind VFIDEs are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and the precision of the proposed method.

The present study was conducted at the National Center for Hematology Research and treatment in (2023) and it demonstrates the effect of bee venom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteins and blood coagulation rate. The effect of bee venom on blood clotting in humans was compared for both sexes (males and females) to determine the extent of the effect of gender on blood clotting time. The results indicated a correlation between the concentration of bee venom and the duration of blood clotting in females, where the highest significant effect was recorded for the concentration of bee venom at 100% at the 0.05 level, for a time period of 25 minutes.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial activities of dietary Spirulina supplement and to determine its effectiveness in comparsion with a pentostam drug against Leishmania donovani. The effect of Spirulina on the visceral leishmaniasis viability was investigated using the MTT test after processed by different concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and compared to the effect of pentostam treatment at a concentration of 0.041 mg / mL at different times of 24 and 48 hours. Parasite after 24 hours for percentages (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) µg/ml were (33.3%, 42.8%, 60%, and 75%) respectively, while after 48 hours they were (22.2%, 28.5%, 45.4% and 64%) respectively, compared to pentostam treatment, where the parasite viability after 24 and 48 were 50%, 20% respectively, also observed that the Spirulina effect on the parasite growth, initially the parasite was grown at a rate of 1 × 104 cells / mL in three groups (Spirulina, pentostam, control) and the parasites grow at low rate of division compared with control groups, then the numbers of parasites began to gradually decrease in Spirulina and pentostam groups with the time until it became zero in 6 days with no notable growth has occurred

This paper explores recent developments in applying fuzzy mathematics to rational homotopy theory. Fuzzy mathematical concepts allow for impreciseness and vagueness to be incorporated into mathematical models. This has enabled new techniques for analyzing topological spaces and homotopy groups. After reviewing foundational concepts in fuzzy mathematics and rational homotopy theory, this paper examines three novel approaches for integrating fuzzy methods into rational homotopy theory: fuzzy homotopy groups, fuzzy topological spaces, and fuzzy homological algebra. Challenges and opportunities for further research are also discussed.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) are commonly used in a variety of applications, including wastewater treatment, paints, cosmetics, drug delivery, imaging, and targeted therapy such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs, as well as industrial food dyes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on male rats\' thyroid and kidney functions considering exposure duration and dose. Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this research in three groups, each group consisting of 18 rats. Each group was divided into three subsections of 6 mice that were exposed as follows: Animals in Group 1 were used as controls, and Groups 2 and 3 received oral treatments at 250 and 1000 mg/kg Fe2O3 NPs, respectively, for different periods of 15 days, 30 days, and 45 days and every animal had blood samples taken to measure the level of thyroid hormones, creatinine, and urea. The results of the current study showed a high significant increase (P≤0.01) in creatinine and urea levels which was an indicator of a malfunction in kidney function. Also, the TSH hormone level showed a high significant increase(P≤0.01) and a high significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the T3 and T4 hormone levels after exposure to different doses (250, 1000 mg/kg) of iron oxide nanoparticles for 15, 30 and 45 days, which had an effect on the function of the thyroid gland and caused hypothyroidism and this led to a decrease in the metabolism process.

In this research, the cross-sections for proton-induced reactions on Th-232 nuclei evaluated for produce radioisotopes like Ac-225 (t1/2 =10 d), Th-227 (t1/2 =18.7d), Pa-231 (t1/2 =32,760 y) and Pa-232 (t1/2 =1.31 d). Experimental data obtained from the EXFOR library, which affiliated with (IAEA) for nuclear reactions (p,x), (p,n) and (p,2n) for energy range (6-194) MeV. Theoretical study conducted to calculate the stopping power using Ziegler equations in the range of energy (6-93) MeV. A program for evaluating cross-sections, yield, and stopping power was developed using MATLAB -2013 in the present work.

The bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) causes serious human diseases. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii has increased the need for alternative treatments. Bacteriophage therapy offers a promising alternative for MDR A. baumannii elimination. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify lytic phage activity. A phage designated RKL was isolated from sewage water of Baghdad Medical City hospital as a possible agent for phage therapy to treat infections caused by A. baumannii. Based on transmission electron microscopy, phage RKL is a siphovirus from the Siphoviridae family of the Caudovirales order. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) was at 10. A total of 54 different clinical isolates and host bacteria were tested by the VITEK®2 system for phenotypic identification and antimicrobial profile. The phage showed a narrow host spectrum by lysing only A. baumannii isolates (15/26). The results suggest that RKL phage has a potential impact in inhibiting MDR A. baumannii infection

Various types of allergen are found around us this triggers, such as dander animals, pollen, and other. These allergens cause an immune response that influences the lungs and leads to difficulties in breathing. Study the difference between patients with allergic asthma in 10-25 year and 26-41 year age groups rather than patients in (< 42 years) age group. Work included ELISA technique to measure serum level of specific IgE, and aeroallergen type. The present study included 150 patients with allergic asthma, males 66 (44 %) and females 84 (56%), their ages ranged between 10-65 years, who attended the Allergy Specialized Centre in Baghdad, during the period from September 2019 to February 2020. It also, a recorded result of a specific immunoglobulin E (s-IgE) test regarding the type of aeroallergen showed that D. farinae, Alder pollen, and White Oak pollen have obtained the first rank. At the same time, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cladosporium herbarium take the last rank. The majority of females who were enrolled in this study were more exposed to allergens compared to males his study showed an increased difference between patients with allergic asthma in the 10-25 year and 26-41 year age group rather than patients in (< 42 year) age group. This aeroallergen could be considered a significant element in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.

The medical, financial, and academic spheres can't function without cutting-edge technological advancements. When it comes to quality of service (QoS) metrics like latency, throughput, bandwidth, and security, today's technology relies on high-performance networks. The use of optimized network engineering tools has allowed for the simulation of both the wired and wireless environments on campus, including and excluding virtual local area networks (VLANs). Packets are only sent to ports that are part of the same virtual local area network (VLAN) when hosts are linked together in a VLAN. By using the distinctive VLAN network, we can enhance the performance of wireless networks while conserving bandwidth. Further, VLANs significantly improve security of wireless network by limiting the hosts amount receiving duplicate frames broadcasted by switches; This enables hosts to keep sensitive data on a separate VLAN. The study examines wireless networks and compares them to VLANs via wireless networks. With the use of online surfing apps and transfer of files in environments with high-traffic, the suggested network is tested for latency and average throughput. By using VLAN technique to partition the region of network's broadcasting, the traffic has been substantially reduced, hence alleviating the network's workload. The use of VLAN significantly enhanced WLAN performance by mitigating wireless delay, according to the findings of the simulation run using the OPNET 14.5 modeler. With time, we looked at how protocols of adhoc routing like DSR,AODV, OLSR, GPR, and TORA may boost the wireless VLANs efficiency.