Journals geographic

The research aims to be tagged with (spatial and temporal variation of the physical quality characteristics of groundwater in Babel governorate), to clarify the amount of changes in the physical quality of groundwater in Babel governorate, so the researcher relied on the results of laboratory analyzes as 420 analyzes were collected from 15 sites Representing aspects of Babil Governorate for the year 2018, the study found that .there is a spatial and temporal variation of these characteristics

Reliance on information technology and digital data in various fields has greatly contributed to changing the lifestyle of the population in cities, as cities have emerged that depend on information technologies and artificial intelligence in various fields, including transportation. The shift towards smart cities requires building an integrated multi-faceted digital system. Our attention is focused in this context. On digitizing the transport system and building digital services connected to a smart transport network that enables the users of the transport network in the city of Kufa to benefit from the services of this system in multiple aspects. Therefore, the research focuses on the problem of challenges facing the users of the transport network in the city of Kufa in terms of a time delay during the transportation process Inside the city, in addition to the increase in traffic accidents and environmental pollution due to traffic congestion. The research assumes that the digitization of the transportation system in the city of Kufa is a key factor in placing the city of Kufa on the map of smart cities. It aims to highlight the importance of digitizing transport services to support cities by building an application that allows users of the transport network in the city of Kufa: to specify the user's location in addition to determining the shortest path to reach the desired destination and the time it takes to reach it, informing the user of the locations of public transport on the transport network, definition The user of all transportation facilities and other uses in the city of Kufa.
The research touched during the first topic to the concept of smart transportation and other related concepts in addition to the concept of digitization and its objectives. Finally, we came out in the second topic with the study proposal represented in building an application that achieves the research objectives.
One of the most important conclusions reached by the research is to reduce the rate of transport of transportation in the event of an expansion using the proposed application in the city of Kufa, as it contributes to lowering the level of traffic congestion, leading to a reduction in energy consumption rates, thus reducing the level of environmental pollution, and the continued adoption of such applications in the context Digitizing services saves effort, time and cost for the transport network users.

Housing policies are the first step and the basic basis for preparing a unified strategy resulting from scientific and realistic studies to advance the reality of the housing sector and achieve a state of balance between housing supply and demand and thus achieve prosperity for members of society. Therefore, most countries have attached great importance to adopting or formulating a strategy that achieves sustainable development for this economic sector before Decision-makers and specialists in this field within planning criteria and socio-economic characteristics of the population. Countries differed in formulating their strategies according to their financial and human capabilities, natural resources and technical capabilities, given that the housing sector is a vital productive and economic sector and a starting point for the process of sustainable development in all fields of life. From here comes the importance of the research, as it aims to prepare a sustainable housing strategy for the holy city of Najaf, through which it clarifies how to address the housing need. Accordingly, the research problem came up with the question: What are the appropriate housing policies to achieve the development of the residential sector in the holy city of Najaf, and the research is based on the premise: Importance Drafting a clear housing strategic plan, based on a scientific study of an estimate The housing need for the city of Najaf until the year 2040 AD, will contribute to achieving sustainable development of the housing sector in the city.The research methodology relied on the inductive and deductive approach to arrive at the proposed strategy related to achieving sustainable housing development, and the research concluded the importance of adopting a clear housing strategy to provide its components in terms of availability of raw materials for construction, availability of lands capable of housing investment, availability of labor, in addition to the existence of sources of financing Housing, and the research reached a set of conclusions and proposals related to achieving the research goal

The main objective of the study is to clarify some indicators of human development and explain aspects of development in the holy Karbala Governorate. And the amount of what was not achieved during the study (1997/2007/2017) because the development indicators are a clear and important link and connection with the population and we assume that there is a variation in the levels of these indicators spatially and temporally, especially that the holy Karbala governorate has many capabilities and natural, human and economic resources that help achieve a lot One of the development projects positively on its residents and that the most important indicators that I will search for and present its data and analysis are indicators of education, health, income, poverty and unemployment .

The study examined the indicators of the general trend of evaporation values in Iraq based on the climatic data of evaporated values for the period 1975-2014. The data were divided into small climatic cycles based on the average movement method. Cycle, which represents a number of years (10) years and compared with another cycle rate, because they show the trend more clearly. . The search for his title in the first year of 1975 (1984-1984) may be a positive trend (+ 137.1), and the trend almost disappeared during the second cycle (1985-1994) when the trend decreased to -0.6 During the third climate cycle (1995-2004) it was positive (+4.7), while the fourth climate cycle (2005-2014) experienced the highest decreasing trend during the study period (-143.9). Thus, the annual rate of Tibet values in the study purposes (1975-2014) -2.8), while the total change during the four cycles was (-11.2).

The study aims to show the area invested by cultivating summer vegetable crops (eggplant, okra, cucumber, watermelon, cowpea) and winter vegetables (lettuce, onions, and legumes), and the extent of their investment spatially and temporally according to the administrative units, as well as identifying the climatic suitability of vegetable crops. The characteristics of the climate of the study area, and the most factors that contributed to its geographical distribution, so that the study deals with the natural and human characteristics, and the use of the (Spss v 25) program in the statistical analysis to identify the climatic suitability of the crops, and then reach the most important conclusions and recommendations that the study reached.

The study aims to clarify the role of the Noble Qur’an in spreading environmental awareness of environmental concepts from the Muslim’s point of view. Using the basic criteria ((Muslim identity, adoption of Quranic teachings, environmental awareness, the relationship of the Quran to environmental awareness, awareness of the environment of the place)). And the researcher relied on the Likert quintuple scale, which contains five items ((fully applied and fully insured, fully implemented and partially insured, partly applied and fully insured, partly applied and partly insured, not implemented and not insured)). Numerous statistical tools for analyzing results
The idea of the research came from the important role of our religion, which fights corruption, which affected land and sea. And it is a religion that calls for reconstruction, construction, and preservation of the environment from the principle of “no harm, no harm” and no extravagance, since “the wasteful are the brothers of the devils.” From this point of view, the research was divided into two sections, the first concerned with the theoretical framework represented by the concept of environmental awareness and environmental pollution and its types, as well as the Holy Qur’an and environmental concepts that were mentioned in the Qur’anic verses. Quranic verses in the amount of spreading environmental awareness through the distribution of a random electronic questionnaire to the residents of the city of Najaf. The electronic communication programs represented by WhatsApp and Viber were used in the city, as they represent most of its Muslim residents

The research aims to use modern geographic technologies, represented by remote sensing
techniques in the environment of geographic information systems, as the method of
Supervised Classification was used as well as the use of a set of statistical indicators to
evaluate the accuracy of that classification, based on the data of the satellite images of the
two satellites (Landsat TM5) and ( Landsat OLI / TIRS8) as well as the reference data for
the agricultural departments as well as the field study for the purpose of detecting the trends
of change in the uses of agricultural land in the Kufa district, as well as working to monitor
the change in the types of agricultural crops and to reveal their geographical distribution andto know their growth and development trends and to know the changes that occurred in
them through A comparison was made between the first agricultural seasons (1999/2000),
which is the basis and the second (2018/2019), which is the comparison season, as the
Supervised Classification revealed the geographical distribution of the types of agricultural
land uses in the Kufa district, as well as the relative distribution of the area of each type with
total accuracy (total accuracy And the kappa coefficient) for the autumn (2018) agricultural
season (92.3%) and (0.89) for each, respectively, which is an excellent accuracy. As for the
spring agricultural season (2019), the percentage of The overall accuracy (94.6%) was also
confirmed by the Kappa coefficient index with a value of ( 2219 2)

In recent decades, a number of terms have emerged in the global intellectual arena linking
human activities to the environment, including the terms sustainability and intelligent growth.
While the term sustainability is older than intelligent growth, both terms are related. The term sustainability has emerged in the international community's attempt to control
resources, regulate their rational use, preserve and optimize their investment to avoid waste
in natural resources, because humanity has felt the danger to future generations if the
current situation of over-consumption of resources continues, especially At the beginning of
the industrial revolution, it was necessary to emphasize the economic investment of
resources without prejudice to the share of future generations.
Therefore, the search movement started in various fields, especially architectural and urban
solutions for the benefit of making buildings sustainable in the field of economy, energy,
environmental and humane at the same time. These ideas have been translated into
practical terms, including intelligent growth.

The aim of studying natural geographic zone is to show the importance of geographic area
between other areas in a state and makes it important in the shape which brings the future
and present seen in different aspects. The economic takes its role in developing the state's
political relations in the shape which present the geopolitical position to state in its
geographical zone .It other side ,earth motive and limit the ability and military force in
different sides. from the political geographic view ,geopolitics consider as the hand that
takes care of that and made many decisions. Then it enable the the state to administrate
and manage its releations with its near aid far geographic environment.

The right to use reproductive health services is one of the millennium development goals .
Reproductive health is extremely important to the health of women and the family , so this
study aims to measure the efficiency and adequacy of reproductive health services in the city
of AL-Rifai by five indicators approved by the World Health Organization , and taken from
the data and statistics issued by the competent authorities in their field . The study was based
on the distribution of a questionnaire on the alleys of the study area numbered ( 268 )questionnaires distributed to mothers of childbearing age ( 15 – 49 ) using the geographic
methodology by description and analysis to show the results .
The results of the study showed that about (52.8 ) of the mothers used contraceptives , and
also showed that ( 46.4 ) of the mothers had anemia .

This research aims to analyze the general trends of annual temperature in Iraq for the period 1980 to 2019 to determine its recent trends and changes through the analysis of data of annual rates of the minimum maximum dry temperature for models of climatic stations distributed between the climatic regions in Iraq north, center and south using statistical analysis methods, including linear regression, testing, aggregated differences, moving averages and geographic information systems to produce digital maps of temperature in Iraq for the duration of the study