Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

This study was conducted in Ranya Lakelet/Dukan, the study started at the end December of 2014 to early April of 2015, heavy metal concentration in water, sediment and fish organs (skin, gills, intestine, liver and muscle.). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science at University of Raparin, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region - Iraq. The trials for the sampling species lasted for three months (January, February and March). Sixty eight common carp taken as a sample, then divided into four length groups (20-30(19 fishes); 31-40(29 fishes); 41-50(11 fishes); 51> cm (9 fishes)). Heavy metals contents analysed in water, sediment and fish organs, including Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb). The study results showed that the mean concentrations heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu and Pb) were below detection limit (1µg/L) except Zn, which it was 8.18 µg/L in filtered water. Whereas, the mean concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu and Pb) in sediments were 6.90 µg/L, 146.29 µg/L, 151.46 µg/L, 161.74 µg/L, 38.86 µg/L and 92.49 µg/L, respectively. The higher concentrations of heavy metal (Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu and Pb) in different organs were 0.69 µg/L, 6352.84 µg/L, 16.52 µg/L, 9.25 µg/L, 42.18 µg/L, and 11.44 µg/L, respectively. While the lower concentration of heavy metal (Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu and Pb) in different organs were BDL, 208.53 µg/L, 2.93 µg/L, 2.93 µg/L, 20.13 µg/L, BDL, respectively. This study showed that storing of heavy metals occurs by this order; Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Cd>Pb. Although the trend of heavy metals concentrations according to length groups generally represented as follows; group4> group3> group2> group1.

Six pure lines of Corn were used in this study (SH ,IK8 ,IK58 ,OH40
,UN44052 and ZP105 ) with it, s half dialled crosses and two crosses of control
(local shahed and introduced ZP600 ) planted in the field of one farmer in Baiji
prince – Salahelden Government through Autumn season 2013 in three
environments by dependent experiments kept with distances between holls ( 15
cm , 20 cm and 25 cm ) by using R.C.B.D. with three replication . Data were
recorded on traits of male and female flowering dates, plant height,uper ear
height ,leaf area, Ear length, Number of ear rows, number of row grains, weight
of 300 grains, single plant yield and ratios of oil and protein .The results showed
surpassed of third environment in trait of number of row grains , single plant
yield and protein ratio , and first environment for oil ratio , the hybrid (SH X
ZP105) was surpassed in traits of number of row grains (44.16) grains , weightof 300 grains (99.12) gm and single plant yield (210.77) gm , and the hybrid
(IK58 X ZP105) in traits of leaf area (4290.1) cm2 and number of ear rows
(16.02) row and oil ratio (7.29%) . The phenotypic and genetic environment
variance were differed about zero the genetic variance was more than from
environment variance , the heritability of broad sense was high for all the
studied traits . The single plant yield was correlated as a genetic and
environment correlation with high significant with traits of leaf area, number of
ear rows, number of row grains and weight of 300 grains. This result agreed
with results of significant Regression treatment of these traits on yield of single
plants , and some hybrid were surpassed in higher mean with broad stability as
hybrid (SH X ZP105) which gave the first stage as FW,SH, and ER indexes in
number of row grains trait , and the FW and SH indexes for Single plant yield
trait , the hybrid (IK58 X ZP105) which was surpassed in two traits of leaf area
and number of ear rows , which also took first stage as indexes of FW , SH and
ER .

Fumagillin (dicyclohexylamine) which secreted by Aspergillus fumigates, is a natural antibiotic, used in veterinary medicine against microsporidiosis in bees and fish. in human medicine it used for the treatment of intestinal amebiasis, microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis and intestinal microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi in patients with AIDS and other types of immunodeficiency. In our current study, the genotoxicity of fumagillin was evaluated in mouse bone marrow cells using the micronucleus (mn) test, chromosome aberrations in bone-marrow cells and primary-spermatocytes. Mitotic index (MI) wase used to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Fumagillin. Fumagillin was administered to whit mice by gavage in doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg.bwt prepared in 50% sugar solution, repeated for 7days at 24h intervals, with water-sugar syrup 50% as the negative control and Methotrexat as the positive control (20 mg/kg. bwt.) intrapretonial injection. The results of current study shows that Two of experimental doses of fumagillin 15 and 20 mg/kg. bwt. induced a significant increase p≤ 0.05 in the frequency of MN (24.60 ± 2.37 and 53.00 ± 4.59 respectively) compared with the negative control (8.20 ± 1.39). Significant increase p≤ 0.05 in means of total structural chromosome aberrations (9.00 ± 0.92 and 17.20 ± 1.24 compared with 6.00 ± 0.83 of negative control in bone marrow. In primary spermatocytes, the dose 20 mg/kg. bwt of fumagillin induced significant increase p≤ 0.05 in mean of aberration (14.00 ± 2.07 compared with 3.40 ± 0.50 of negative control. All experimental doses induced significant decrease p≤ 0.05 in MI (3.90 ± 0.29, 3.60 ± 1.80 and 2.90 ± 1.80 respectively) compared with (7.10 ± 0.29) in negative control. These results suggest that fumagillin (dicyclohexilamine) has an anti proliferative and genotoxic potential in mammal in vivo tests.

The effect of different concentrations of sewage water (0, 50 and 100%) on growth performance and biomass of Pinus brutia Ten. growing under nursery conditions were examined. Biomass (g/plant)and high of plant (cm) the Pinus brutia seedlings treated with sewage water (50%) showed an increase over the control. The sewage water concentration at 50% concentration was suitable for growth of Pinus brutia seedlings. The physico-chemical of different concentration water samples showed that Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid ranged between 425-690 µs/cm and 277-236 mg/L respectively. pH varied between 7.89-8.04. Alkalinity ranged from 204-277 mg CaCO3/L. Total hardness is ranged between 283-288mg CaCO3/L. Calcium and magnesium concentrations varied from 46 to 70 mg/l and 13.12 to 16.76 mg/l respectively. Potassium was ranged between 1.1- 4.9 mg/L and sodium ranged between 7-33 mg/L. Nitrate ranged from 5 to 23 mg/L. The results of heavy metal concentrations were ordered as follow: for %100 sewage water were Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn > Cu > Cd, and for %50 sewage water were Fe > Ni > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cd. While Fe > Mn > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cd for tap water.

Field experiment was conducted in Baiji /Salah Aldien during the autumn growing Season in 2013 to study the effect of four Sowing dates ( 107 , 207 , 307 , 108 ) on six hybrids Corn ( Ronaldo, ZP314 , ZP 434 , DKC 5401 , ZP 606 , R 1001 ) on grains yield and Component yield . The experiment was applied by using split plot arrangement in RCBD with three replications . DKC 5401 and R 1001 have given the highest grains yield ( 4,69 and 4,58 ta ha) respectively significant differences between hybrids did not appear in the arrange of 300 grain weight . R 1001 and DKC 5401 have given the highest arrange of grains per row . The first and second date gave highest arrange for grain yield and 300 grain weight and number of ear in plant and there is no difference between Sowing dates on number grains in the row .
The interaction of Genetic Compositions and the sowing date have significant effect and the distinction of shahd in the second date in most of studied properties , that is mean that this genetic composition was the most fitness in using its genetic and physiology capabilitics under this agriculture mode .

The study was carried out in College of Agriculture_ Tikrit univ. durig 2014 _ 2015 season. Two type of experiments were applied ,the first was laboratory experiment using aqueous extract of two plants residues which have allelopathic potential as extract Sorghum bicolor (L.) and Jhonson grass extract Sorghum halepense in different concentrations to determine their effect on seed germination and seeding growth of some weed plants and wheat crop. In two application , accorcling the time of addition of extract (pre emergence and post emergence ). The second experiment was applied as a pots experiment , with some concentration and some addition of laboratory experiment . all extract treafments effect were compaired with one herbicide (Treflan) in recommended 5praying dose. The experiments were designed as a Complete Randomized Desing ( C. R. D )with three replicats . The results of laboratory study Can be summarized as following :-
Seed germination percentages of narrow leaves were decreased significantly when treafed by 30% concentrafion of sorghum and jhonson grass extract when added as preemergence. The redection pecectage complaining with control treatamet were
( 55.7 and 42.8%) respectively. The highly concentration of plant residues affected on plamule length of narraw leafs weed clossly to treflan herbicide effect when the addition of extract was a pre emergence .The inhibiting percentage of plamule length were( 42.3 and 40.0% ) sorghum and jhonson grass where as the Treflan inhibiting the length by 60.4%.Radical dry weight of narrow leafs weeds redused signify catly according to highly extract concentration. Sorghum and jhonson grass residue extract by 30% were redused the radical dry weight by( 71.8 and 66.8%) while treflan herbicide inhibiting was 67.2% .The residue extract of sorghum and jhonson grass as a post emergence in narrow leaves weeds affected on plamule and radical length less than pre emergence application . where as their effects in plamule and radical dry weight were higher than pre emergence application . Radical dry weight inhibited by ( 70.8 and 66.9%) when the sorghum and jhonson grass extract added to seedling weeds as a post emergence with 30%concentration.

Abstract
The experiment was carried out at Field crops Dept. fields - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University in summer season 2013, to study effect of three plant densities (200000, 400000 and 600000 plant/ha) and growth stages at clipping time( jointing stage , booting stage and 50% flowering stage) on growth traits and fodder yield of millet varieties, Nutrifeed (Pearl millet) Pennisetum glaucum and Local variety (Proso millet) Panicum miliaceum.The experiment designed by R.C.B.D with three replicates. The results can be summarized as following:
The plant densities have no significant effect in all growth traits and fodder yield. Also the 50% flowering stage surpass in plant height (135.46 cm), stem diameter (0.83cm), number of tillers/plant (3.72), leaf area (133.14cm2), green forage yield (35.29 t/ha), and green leaves yield (15.58 t/ha). While proceed jointing stage in green leaves Percentage (93.54%).
Nutrifeed superior significantly in plant height (113.59 cm), stem diameter (0.63 cm), number of tillers/plant (3.37), leaf area (144.88 cm2 ), green forage yield (26.55 t/ha), green leaves yield (19.66 t/ha), dry matter (23.82%), and dry matter yield (6.32 t/ha).
It gave the overlap between Nutrifeed × 50% flowering stage highest significant values of plant height (189.54 cm) and stem diameter (1.20 cm) and the number of tillers / plant (4.66), leaf area (226.78 cm2) and fodder yield (60.85 t/ha) green leaves yield (26.67 t/ha) and dry matter (32.52%) and dry matter yield (19.79 t/ha), while the rest interactions of study factors were not affecting on growth and yield traits.

This study was carried out at the Horticulture and Land scape research Station / College of Agriculture / Tikrit University on the season 2013- 2014 on parsley plants (Petroselinum crispum Mill.), it aimed to study the effect of garlic extract and chelated iron (Fe-EDTA) on the Vegetative growth characters .
A farm experiment was conducted in a sandy clay loam soil , where the seeds cultured in a plots (1×2m) , as A factorial experiment with 2 factors , the first was spraying with a garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) with 3 levels (0 , 5 and 10%) From acrod extract , The second was addition of chelated iron (Fe-EDTA) with 4 Levels (0 , 2 , 3 , 4 g.m-2). Designed with A Randomized Complete Block Designed , and Replicated 3 Times and the means were Compared with Cancun's Multiple range test at the probability of (5%).
The results were as fellow:-:
Spraying with garlic extract (5 and 10%) caused a significant increase in all the vegetative growth characters compared with those not sprayed.
The chelated iron addition also caused a significant increase in all vegetative growth characters compared with no chelated iron added plants. The interaction between garlic extract and chelated iron was significant. The parsley plants in the treatment (G2F3) the plant sprayed with 10% garlic extract and fertilized with 4 g.m-2 of chelated iron , have a highest significant values in a plant height (22.6 cm) , No. of leaves per plant (15.66) , No. of branches per plant (5.020) , Dry mater percent (19.39%) , Leaf area (6.176 cm2) and chlorophyll (1.53 mg.g wet weight ). Compared with lowest values of these vegetative growth characters in a control plants .
الخلاصة

A field experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Tikrit University / Faculty of Agriculture, the agricultural season 2013 mint leaf of Basil plant. Experiment design with randomized complete block design RCBD included experiment two factors nutrients in three levels ( not adding fertilizer and adding superphosphate triple P2O5 and a concentration of 7.5 g.Liter-1and the spray chloride magnesium MgCl2 and a concentration of 25 mg. Liter -1) and growth regulators four levels ( not adding regulator and the spraying with IAA concentration of 100 mg . L-1 and the spraying with GA3 concentration of 100 mg . L-1 and the spraying a mixture of IAA + GA3 concentration of 100 +100 mg .
L-1 ) and three replications. Results showed that treatment magnesium gave the highest rate of the content of the leaves of the chlorophyll and outperformed the treatment of the mixture of IAA + GA3 concentration of 100 +100 mg.L-1 in plant height and leaf area. The factorial treatment superior of the Add superphosphate and the spraying mixture of IAA and GA3 concentration of 100 + 100 mg.L-1 vegetative growth characteristics in most gave the (45.36) branch.plant-1 and (7582.23) cm2 and (16.400) gm.plant-1 , whale factorial treatment superior the spraying magnesium and the mixture of IAA and GA3 by the increase of nutrients in the leaves content nitrogen, potassium , magnesium, iron ,copper , and , zinc given the concentration of was (3.640 % , 2.960 %, 0.915 %, 79.287 mg . L-1 , 12.498 mg . L-1 , 40.26 mg . L-1 ) consecutively .

The aim of this research is to test the efficiency of some strains of Agaricus bisporus, media and laboratory technologies in the production of pure isolates Through the application of technology of tissue culture. The strains which enter that’s X25, X20 and B62 with four kind of media have different carbon sources between complex to simple they PDA, Malt extract, Czapek-Agar%20 Sucrose, Czapek-Agar%20 Glucose. And it was the standard of efficiency for strains and media the percent of mycelium initiation successful from tissue of fruit body and speed of mycelium initiation For their confine of increase the damage percent which produce from fungal and bacterial infections death of the self-tissue, It has been applied additional procedure For the purpose of reduce the occurrence of infections through sterilization of the fruit body as a whole by a flame and the addition of anti-bacterial to the media. It has been found Superiority the X25 and X20 strains after 10 days of culture began to increase the success rate of tissue culture to 75% and 45.83% sequentially on B62 strain 33.33% and the superiority the two media Czapek-Agar% 20 Glucose and Czapek-Agar% 20 Sucrose to 46.67% on each Malt extract and PDA, which rated to 13.33% and 5% sequentially in the indicator of mycelium initiation speed.

A field experiment was conducted through the season 2012-2013 to study The response of Broad bean Vicia faba L.(Aquadulce & primate) to foliar spraying of seaweed Algamix ,Algaren .The treatments was arranged RCBD with three replicate including two varieties seaweed extract spraying Algamix 3ml/l & Algaren4m/l and the control .The results showed the superiority of Aquadulce variety which gave highest height of plant reached 103.11cm ,highest weight of roots nodes reached 53.77 gm, highest tall of bean reached 13.84 cm and highest rate seed number reached 6.53 which primato gave highest rate of beans number. Plants reached to 30.27 highest rate of crop reached 14.72 T.h. highest one leaf area 123.07cm2 .seaweed While spraying gave highest one leaf area reached 134.97 cm2 while the Algaren extract gave highest weighted nodes 64.75 gm .The interaction between var.pri with Algamix and Algaren gave highest yield 16.19 -14.60respectively.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of the drenching vegetable preparation Oleobiotec ®for poultry in the productive performance of broiler chickens and use the one hundred twenty chicks of broiler chickens type Ross 308 one day-old is unsexual at the rate of weight 45 g / chick, it was divided randomly into four treatments each of the three consists replicates by ten birds / replicate. The dosage formulation Oleobiotec® by filling capsules amount of Oleobiotec®was calculated according to Ross 308management handbook for the year 2014 that demonstrates the amount of daily feed consumption per bird old and by and give it to achieve the ratio of 50, 100 and 150 grams per ton.
Results showed that the treatments of Add Oleobiotec 100 and 150 ppm a significant increase in live body weight body weight gain, feed consumed and feed conversion ratio at five weeks old, and total body weight gain , feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (1 Day -5 weeks), and no significant differences in the cumulative feed conversion ratio in comparison with control treatment.

This study was study was carried out at the Poultry Research Station belong to State Board of Agricultural Research (Ministry of Agriculture, Abu- Ghraib). The study lasted for 12 weeks (84 days) from summer season, 200 Lohman brown layer (34 weeks of age) were randomly distributed into 5 treatments, with two replicate per treatment (20 hens per replicate), the first treatment was the control group, the hens in 2nd and 3rd treatments were given vitamin E and C 300 mg/kg feed respectively, the 4th and 5th groups of hens were given grape seed and rosemary 5 g/kg feed respectively, poultry house temp. 36 cº. The results revealed that adding natural antioxidant (grape seed and rosemary leaf) significantly increased of glutathione concentration in liver tissue of natural antioxidant compared with the artificial antioxidant and control treatment and adding natural antioxidant significantly increase the PCV percentage, Hb concentration in the blood, also, whereas, significant decreased in the WBC and H/L ratio in the blood of hen consumed diet having adding natural antioxidant significantly increase the PCV percentage, Hb concentration in the blood, also, whereas, significant decreased in the WBC and H/L ratio in the blood of hen consumed diet having antioxidants compared with the control treatment and adding vitamin E were significantly increased antibodies titer Newcastle Disease compared with the all the treatments.

A total of 500 specimens of goldfish Carassius auratus were collected from Al-Habbaniyah Lake. Of these, 150 fishes were chosen for this study. The relationship between total length TL and distance of different external parts. The study was showed that the body depth BD, Body width BW and Body circumference BC increased with increasing of total length TL, also mouth depth MD and mouth width MW, for that the shape of fish is spindle with more depth in dorsal part. The percentage distance for body are 0.274 BD,0.121 BW, 0.666 BC also for head , 0.184 HD and 0.209 HL, the mouth is small depending on feeding behavior. The study showed that dorsal fin and abdomens fin in the posterior of first half of body, percentage distance for dorsal fin OD are 0.417 and 0.408 for abdoment fin.

This study was conducted at the Poultry Research Hall of the Livestock Department in the College of Agriculture / University of Salah al-Din Arbil for the period from 10/02/2015 until 03/24/2015 in order to identify the impact of the use of different levels of corn gluten to feed in some of the qualities of productivity for broilers (Ross 308), use 324 chicks is a naturalized of chicks broilers (Ross 308) day-old were distributed randomly, from the first day on the four transactions and by 81 chicks each transaction and each treatment included three replicates of 27 chicks each Duplicate . The transaction also follows the first treatment (C) diet free of corn gluten The second treatment (T1) and the third treatment (T2) and the fourth treatment (T3) using the 4.8 and 12% respectively corn gluten. It showed the results of statistical analysis don’t find difference when using 4 and 8% of corn gluten in rations to the absence of significant differences in body weight and increase the weight and the coefficient of feed conversion between them and the control treatment (0.0 gluten) in total duration of the study and for the deterioration in body weight and increase the weight and the coefficient of feed conversion When you are using 12% of the corn gluten compared with the control treatment.

Gypsiferous soil samples which different in gypsium contents were collected from different sites of salah–Eldin province .Forms of magnesium, potassium and calcium (soluble ,exch,avaible and non-exch) were determined pots experiment in greenhouse was conducted using CRD design with two factors .Four levels of magnesium fertilizer(0,40,80,120 mg.Mg.Kg¯¹).The second factor was soil content of gypsium(G₁=5%,G₂=15% and G₃=25%).Cut was taken at tillering stage from all treatment.Dry weight yield and uptake of Mg and N,P,K were calculated at this stage of growth .Results revealed that available Mg and K were under the critical level for plant requirement and decrease with increase in soil gypsium content .Application of Mg-fertilizer caused significantly increase in dry weight yield compared with control at tillering stage.The percentage of increase were 40.72%,60.72% and 57.74% at Mg₁,Mg₂ and Mg₃ respectively .The soil with high content of gypsum (G₃) was more responed to magnesium application than other soil. Mg-fertilizer application caused significant increase in Mg-uptake and at the higher uptake (6.62 mg.Plant¯¹) was at the treatment Mg₃G₃,and also caused significant increase in P,N,K uptake at tillering stage.

This study aimed to use four varieties of locally cultivated wheat , named : (Acsad/65 , Buhooth/5 ,sham/1 and sham/4), to determine the suitability of these varieties for making bulgur laboratically and studying some of the chemical ,nutritional & processing properties of these wheats and bulgur produced from them. The chemical composition showed increase of moisture content significantly to each of varieties Acsad/65 & Buhooth/5, they reached (11.700 and 11.650%), respectively . protein content was increased significantly at Acsad/65 & decreased significantly at Sham/4 (14.733 and 12.283%), respectively. There were non-significant differences in fat content for all varieties. Crude fiber value was high in variety Buhooth/5 (1.890 %), while there were non-significant differences between the other varieties .The highest & and lowest contents of carbohydrates were to Sham/1 &Acsad/65 which reached (71.240 and 69.120%) ,respectively. Results of minerals content Acsad/65 noticed an increase of Fe & Mg significantly in Sham/4 ,Acsad/65 (48.120 and 364.333 mg/100g), respectively. While the content of Mn, Ca and Zn was increased significantly at Buhooth/5 which amounted to (21.400 and 32.667 and 12.473 mg/100g) respectively. It was observed high content to each of vitamin B1 & B3 , their values were reached (0.674 and 0.218mg/g) respectively. While no significant diferences were observed in vitamin B1 contents . Result showed significant increase to all minerals in bulgur of Buhooth/5 , also to vitamins B1 & B2 in bulgur of Acsad/65 and for B3 content of bulgur Sham/4 . The study indicated the increasing of phenolic compounds significantly in cultivar Sham/4 & bulgur produced from Acsad/65 which reached (2.173 and 1.217mg/g) , respectively . Carotene pigment content showed high value significantly for Acsad/65 & Buhooth/5 wheat, the amounted to (0.030mg/g) to each of them, While there were non-significant differences of pigment value to all types of bulgur.

The study was conducted in order to determine their effects some species of lactic acid bacteria on body weight, biological blood parameters, further the balance of gut natural flora, to see its role in obesity after giving orally at bacterial groups forms with skimmed milk to 42 days for female growing rats.
The effect of orally feed from microbial groups were caused significantly increased (p<0.05) in laboratory animals body weights at six week compared with the initial weights. while the body weights of bacterial orally feeding rats groups were decreased significantly at the two to six week compared with the control rats group . The results also showed that oral administration of lactic acid bacteria species were cause significant decrease in each of the triglycerides, serum cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, glucose and total protein concentration and increased of high density lipoproteins value while did not change the albumin and globulin compared with values in the control group animals. The results were show as reduced the activity of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate amino transferase (AST) while didn’t effects on Alanine amino transferase (ALT) compared with the control group values. The value of the cortisol hormone, which is an indication to the incidence of obesity has significantly decreased if animals groups given from probiotics compared with the control animals group which at 16.5 µg/disllter. The oral administration of probiotics may cause significant decrease of Enterobacteriaceal species in all areas of gut and opposite increased lactic acid bacteria species counts, compared with animals control group.
The conclusion from the study results that’s of lactic acid bacteria species given orally had caused a decrease in body weight and thus lack of obesity cases, as well as improve the health status of laboratory animals.

Determination of some heavy metals in the samples of wheat grains supplied to silos, the flour collected from Mill, the materials used in breadmaking, during laboratory breadmaking processes and in the local bread types. Lead, cadmium, nickel and copper in the samples of wheat grain supplied to silos in Tikrit, Hajaj and Sharqat were determined. Concentrations of lead, cadmium and copper in the collected samples ranged 0.40-0.81, nd-0.04 and 0.65-0.67 ppm respectively; while nickel concentration in all samples collected from above-mentioned silos were 1 ppm. The concentrations of lead, cadmium, nickel and copper in flour collected from Mill of Al-Akhaa Alahlia/Tikrit, Mill of Tikrit and Mill Al- Wafaa/Baiji were (1.10, 0.63, 1.36), (nd, 0.12, nd), (0.68, 0.56, 0.63) and (0.11, 0.16, 0.28) ppm respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in the materials used in breadmaking (water, fats, improvers, yeast and salt) were (nd-1.27, nd-0.09, 0.04-1.39 and nd-0.57) ppm respectively. While the concentrations of heavy metals during laboratory breadmaking processes in white flour, dough after proof and final product (bread) were (0.23, 0.10, <0.10), (0.06, 0.05, <0.05), (0.70, 0.70, 0.60) and (0.40, 0.35, 0.21) ppm, and in whole wheat flour, dough after proof and final product were (0.45, 0.40, 0.35), (nd, nd, nd), (0.70, 0.65, 0.60) and (0.50, 0.48, 0.33) ppm respectively. The concentrations of above-mentioned heavy metal in local bread types; Bread baked in Gas-oven (al-Ragheef), al-Tunnor bread (al-Ragheef), Hearth al-Sammoon, Electric bread (Flat) and Electric al-Sammoon were (0.30-1.10, 0.05-0.11, 0.60-1.50 and 0.10-0.38) ppm respectively.

This study was designed to determine the impact of she-camel milk on serum blood glucose, Insulin hormone and hepatic glycogen level. healthy and alloxan-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were used as a model for this study. Rats were divided into seven groups (six rats each) they were, healthy control group, diabetic control group and five diabetic groups fed on raw, refrigerated, frozen, pasteurized and sterilized milk respectively. At the end of the experiment (28 days) results revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood glucose (45.63,38.58,39.07 and 41.57%) for rats fed on raw, refrigerated, frozen and pasteurized milk respectively, with an increase in secretion of insulin hormone (35.66, 33.86, 33.01 and 33.22 %) for the same groups mentioned above milk compared with control diabetic group. Also, a significant increase was noticed in glycogen accumulation in the same diabetic groups, while therapeutic effect of camels' milk was lost after milk sterilization.

The study aims to shed light on the merit of investment in the agricultural sector in Iraq for the duration of the study (1997-2011) through know the relationship between investment and output of the agricultural sector. Which is an indication of the extent of state support for the sector and therefore know the effect of stimulating investment in producers in the agricultural sector to increase and improve agricultural productivity. The study included four first chapter dealt with the first two sections included both foreground and research methodology. The second dealt with the most important reference for studies and research, which focused on the subject of investment review. Chapter two discusses the concept of investment in general and the types of investment and the factors determining his varieties investment and historical importance and the concept of investment this year in the agricultural sector and its funding sources as well as its characteristics and its objectives and its components and Kdlk included Hedda Chapter fixed capital formation .otnaol the third quarter and the reality of fixed capital formation pan sectors and the contribution of the agricultural sector in which the fixed capital formation private agricultural sector and the public and included Hedda chapter on the evolution of the value of plant and animal production and included the fourth quarter on two topics included the first relationship between capital formation, production and taking second part, conclusions and recommendations. Percentage share of the agricultural sector in total capital between 0.07835% composition as the lowest level in 2009 and higher-end has 18.71% in 1997 ranged The overall average of the percentage of the share of agricultural production during the study period is 4.13% of the total capital formation hard for all economic sectors in Iraq. And the lowest level for the size of investment in the agricultural sector was in (2009), while the highest level in a year (2006). We have reached the lowest value of plant production in 2009 and was the (3081) million dinars, while the highest value (2010), where was (4959.20) million.

The present study aims at identifying and valuing the role of agricultural agents in Kirkuk province in performing agricultural extension activities. The study is devoted to finding the relationship between the agents and the surrounding variables such as (age, education, agriculture specialty, employment period, sex, sources of agricultural information, interest in agricultural guidance). It attempts to identify the problems the agents encounter in performing the extension activities. To achieve its objectives the study will depend on a questionnaire and data collection test. The test included (50%) of the agricultural agents in Kirkuk province. It was applied to (106) agents who were chosen in a random method. The test was based on questionnaire and data collection which was divided into three parts:-the first part of the test is devoted to data collection the second part deals with conducting the extension activities while the third explores the main problems and issues that encounter the agents. The study showed that the role of the agriculture employees is of an average rate that can tend to raise if the relation between them and the variables is interactive. It also proved that there is no gender discrimination in agricultural extension. Through the course of study, many of the problems that encounter the agricultural agents have been identified in Kirkuk province. The study recommends that the extension activities must be distributed according to specialty.

The study aimed at identifying the level of the leadership skills among workers in agricultural extension in Kirkuk province in general and determining the level of their leadership skills in each of the three constituent leadership skills areas, namely, (technical , humanistic, political), and determining the correlation between leadership skills level and the number of variables studied (age, educational attainment, specialty, work satisfaction, the attitude towards change),
The research Included sample of (130) respondents were chosen at random, representing (50%) of workers in the agricultural extension in Kirkuk province's population (299) respondents , ruled out of them (40) respondents for the pre test sample of a questionnaire were used to collect data from respondents, included two parts ,the first one for personal information of Farmers and the second included a scale to measure the level of the leadership skills for workers in the agricultural extension, The Results of the study showed that the level of the leadership skills among workers in agricultural extension in the province of Kirkuk is the average tends to fall, also found a correlation between level of the leadership skills to respondents and the variables (job satisfaction, the trend towards change), While significant of the correlation did not appear among the leadership of the respondents and variable skill level (age), while the results showed the presence of a virtual link between leadership skills level of the respondents and the variables relationship (educational attainment, specialty) as the results of the study recommended the need to intensify training programs and courses in the field of leadership skills, and a well-planned programs on the basis of raising the level of their leadership skills in the areas and aspects that are suffering from the low level of their leadership skill.

The price policy one of the most important economic policies implemented by the state to increase and improve agricultural production on the one hand and provide food for all members of society at encouraging producers and is suitable for low-income consumers on the other hand, occupies the strategic grain crops a privileged position in the Iraqi economy, like other economies of the world and that food to its importance , having been in this research study economic analysis and the benchmark price for the policy of strategic crops in Iraq for the period (1990-2013). Where the search was based on three crops president of a (wheat, barley, and rice), being highly nutritious crops, they represent the backbone of food security of Iraq, where he was the record for the price of these crops is a group of (Y) and consisted of independent factors (b Production local and domestic consumption standard, price and policy support (nominal protection coefficient) and global price in dollars), has been relying on a time series in the estimation of the phenomenon data under discussion, and to reach the best results was the application of a standard model with four formats are (linear and half logarithmic and logarithmic inverse double logarithmic). And it adopted a stronger functions based on favorable than and superior in terms of statistical and benchmark tests, and ended the study with some conclusions and recommendations, including: that the world price of strategic crops (Alahtnh, barley, rice) was its impact positively and significantly on the record for the price of each of the barley crop, rice, while he was negative and not significant for the wheat crop. Expansion of the support provided by the state and that of what government support from a large role in encouraging and motivate farmers to increase agricultural production.

A Field study was carried out in the tomato fields in Salahuddin province to determine the biotic and abiotic mortality factors that affected on the population density of tomato moth Tuta absoluta and to determine the most responsible factor in the changing ( k – factor) through the construction of the monthly complete life tables. The life tables showed variations mortality percentages for different insect stages during the growing season of tomato which were due to factors in viability of eggs, parasitism and predation and unknown causes and adult mortality, photoperiod ,the impact of biotic and abiotic factors during the months were clear on the larvae in spite of its limitation, as mortality factors contributed of predation and parasitism and unknown causes in achieving the highest mortality percentages in the third and fourth instar larvae . Whereas, adult mortality of natural adult females was the most responsible factor in causing mortality (K-factor) as the adult mortality percentage ranged from 96-98% during the months, major mortality factors which affected negatively in the population density of the insect where the trend index of population showed decline in the number which was often less than one. Two types of parasitoids have been diagnosed Parasierola sp which was recorded for the first time in Iraq and Bracon ,sp as well as the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis.

The study aimed to know the usage effect of treated and untreated sludge on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of a sandy clay loam soil. Measurements of pH, electrical conductivity ,carbon, total nitrogen and some heavy metals(Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu) were also included .Statistical analyses of the results showed that the untreated sludge at level13.3g/kg significantly increased the values of pH and electrical conductivity .While, the un treated sludge increased significantly at level 26.6g/kg the mean values of total carbon and nitrogen and were (844 and1.93)g/kg respectively. The untreated sludge at the first level showed a significantly increase in the levels of Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni compared to the treated sludge .The usage of untreated sludge lead to an increase in the total bacterial count at levels of (13.3 and 26.6)g/kg ,and was 10₄/g cfu 9.22 at level of (26.6)g/kg .A significantly increased number of total coliform bacteria was observed and was 10₄/g cfu 6.99 .The present results also pointed towards a significantly increase in Salmonella number and was 10₄ cfu 6.46, when (26.6)g/kg level of untreated sludge was used.

Adsorption is one of the most important chemical process in soil . which
determine the availability of nutrient elements to plant , while sorption
isotherms provide useful information about sorption capacity , binding
energy of adsorbed element and distribution coefficient in soil solution .
Adsorption data can be used to determined thermodynamic parameters .
An experiment was conducted with four soils samples belong to four Iraqi
province in north of Iraq, Kirkuk , Duhock , Ninava and Erbile , to evaluate
zinc adsorption in these soils using Langmiur and Freundlich equations .
Depending on adsorption results data , the following thermodynamic
parameters were determined : K˚ , G˚ , H˚ and S˚ . Results showed that
both Langmiur and Freundlich liner equations succeed in description of
zinc adsorption in these soils by determination coefficient R2 ranged from
(0.90 – 0.98) and (0.83 – 0.97) respectively . The values of Dynamic
equilibrium constant K˚ increased as temperature increased from C˚ to
C˚ in all of soils . The values of G˚ at C˚ and C˚ were negative and
ranged from ( -. to -.) K.J.mole- and (-. to -.) K.J.mole-
respectively . The values of H˚ and S˚ were positive and ranged between
( . - .) K.J.mole- and (. - .) J.mole- respectively . ZincAdsorption is one of the most important chemical process in soil . which
determine the availability of nutrient elements to plant , while sorption
isotherms provide useful information about sorption capacity , binding
energy of adsorbed element and distribution coefficient in soil solution .
Adsorption data can be used to determined thermodynamic parameters .
An experiment was conducted with four soils samples belong to four Iraqi
province in north of Iraq, Kirkuk , Duhock , Ninava and Erbile , to evaluate
zinc adsorption in these soils using Langmiur and Freundlich equations .
Depending on adsorption results data , the following thermodynamic
parameters were determined : K˚ , G˚ , H˚ and S˚ . Results showed that
both Langmiur and Freundlich liner equations succeed in description of
zinc adsorption in these soils by determination coefficient R2 ranged from
(0.90 – 0.98) and (0.83 – 0.97) respectively . The values of Dynamic
equilibrium constant K˚ increased as temperature increased from C˚ to
C˚ in all of soils . The values of G˚ at C˚ and C˚ were negative and
ranged from ( -. to -.) K.J.mole- and (-. to -.) K.J.mole-
respectively . The values of H˚ and S˚ were positive and ranged between
( . - .) K.J.mole- and (. - .) J.mole- respectively . ZincAdsorption is one of the most important chemical process in soil . which
determine the availability of nutrient elements to plant , while sorption
isotherms provide useful information about sorption capacity , binding
energy of adsorbed element and distribution coefficient in soil solution .
Adsorption data can be used to determined thermodynamic parameters .
An experiment was conducted with four soils samples belong to four Iraqi
province in north of Iraq, Kirkuk , Duhock , Ninava and Erbile , to evaluate
zinc adsorption in these soils using Langmiur and Freundlich equations .
Depending on adsorption results data , the following thermodynamic
parameters were determined : K˚ , G˚ , H˚ and S˚ . Results showed that
both Langmiur and Freundlich liner equations succeed in description of
zinc adsorption in these soils by determination coefficient R2 ranged from
(0.90 – 0.98) and (0.83 – 0.97) respectively . The values of Dynamic
equilibrium constant K˚ increased as temperature increased from C˚ to
C˚ in all of soils . The values of G˚ at C˚ and C˚ were negative and
ranged from ( -. to -.) K.J.mole- and (-. to -.) K.J.mole-
respectively . The values of H˚ and S˚ were positive and ranged between
( . - .) K.J.mole- and (. - .) J.mole- respectively . Zincadsorption in these soils is spontaneous because of the negative values of
G˚ and spontaneity increased as temperature increased. Zinc reaction in
these soils is endothermic because of the positive values of H˚ . And a
randomness combine zinc adsorption in these soils because of the positive
values of S˚ .