Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the commonest global causes of death in neonatal periods in many NICU.The incidence assumed to be 1% of live births—a relatively conservative estimate—approximately 1.4 million neonates develop RDS every year across the globe (total live births 137 688 million per year). Respiratory distress syndrome or (Hyaline membrane disease) mostly affects premature newborns (<37 weeks of gestation) although it may occur in full term (40weeks of gestation),the incidence is highest among preterm male. Multiple maternal risk factors increase the incidence of RDS including multiple pregnancies, cesarean delivery, gestational or non-gestationaldiabetics, stress, precipitous delivery,had previous sibling with RDS, as well as, fetal risk factors as low birthweight and short gestationalperiod. [1] Surfactant deficiency (decreased production and secretion) is the primary cause of RDS. Surfactant found in fetal lung by 20 weeks of pregnancy, mature levels of pulmonary surfactant are present usually after 35 week of gestation. Surfactant synthesis depends in part on normal pH, temperature, and perfusion thus, Asphyxia, hypoxemia, and pulmonary ischemia, particularly in association with hypothermia, stress, hypovolemia, and hypotension, may suppressthe synthesis. Signs of RDS usually appear within minutes of birth, or less often, few hours after delivery usually started with tachypnea, nasal flaring, very weak respiratory effort, grunting, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and cyanosis. If the baby not received urgent and appropriate treatment, apnea and respiratory failure may occur followedby death.Ominous signs necessitate urgent intervention are irregular respirations and apnea. [1] Antenatal corticosteroids, post-nataloxygen therapy with Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and Surfactant treatment, are the principles of RDS treatment in a addition to supportive care, all dramatically improved the outcomes of infants with RDS
Keywords
Epidemiological pattern of RDS
Iraq
the common cause of neonatal death in Missan
Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the commonest global causes of death in neonatal periods in many NICU.The incidence assumed to be 1% of live births—a relatively conservative estimate—approximately 1.4 million neonates develop RDS every year across the globe (total live births 137 688 million per year). Respiratory distress syndrome or (Hyaline membrane disease) mostly affects premature newborns (<37 weeks of gestation) although it may occur in full term (40weeks of gestation),the incidence is highest among preterm male. Multiple maternal risk factors increase the incidence of RDS including multiple pregnancies, cesarean delivery, gestational or non-gestationaldiabetics, stress, precipitous delivery,had previous sibling with RDS, as well as, fetal risk factors as low birthweight and short gestationalperiod. [1] Surfactant deficiency (decreased production and secretion) is the primary cause of RDS. Surfactant found in fetal lung by 20 weeks of pregnancy, mature levels of pulmonary surfactant are present usually after 35 week of gestation. Surfactant synthesis depends in part on normal pH, temperature, and perfusion thus, Asphyxia, hypoxemia, and pulmonary ischemia, particularly in association with hypothermia, stress, hypovolemia, and hypotension, may suppressthe synthesis. Signs of RDS usually appear within minutes of birth, or less often, few hours after delivery usually started with tachypnea, nasal flaring, very weak respiratory effort, grunting, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and cyanosis. If the baby not received urgent and appropriate treatment, apnea and respiratory failure may occur followedby death.Ominous signs necessitate urgent intervention are irregular respirations and apnea. [1] Antenatal corticosteroids, post-nataloxygen therapy with Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and Surfactant treatment, are the principles of RDS treatment in a addition to supportive care, all dramatically improved the outcomes of infants with RDS
Keywords
Epidemiological pattern of RDS
Iraq
the common cause of neonatal death in Missan