Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Fifty six female buffaloes were examined in this study suffer from repeat breeder in AL-Thahab AL-Abied; Nahrawan and AL-Fudyliah villages /Baghdad from 2006-2010 , divided randomly after clinical diagnosis into 4 groups (14 in each group 0 according to the treatment used in the cases . Oxytetracycline 20%were used in a dose of 4gm intrauterine(IU) and 2gm (10ml) intramuscular (IM)for the 1st group .The 2nd group treated with 25-50ml of 1% Loguls solution (IU) and 2gm (10ml) of 20% oxytetracycline (IM) ,the 3rd group treated with 20ml of neocycline (IU) and 2gm of 20% oxytetracycline (IM) ,the 4th group were left as a control group without treatment .The results shows high response to treatment and it was higher than 70% of conceptions and pregnant animals compare with the control group ,it also shows the importance of treatments to reduce the open days which cause a great economic loss in case of prolong days .
Parturition ,sex and viability of calves was in the normal range and doesn’t affected by the treatments used in this study except the retained placenta which was higher, so this indicate the importance of study this case to reduce it .This study concluded the important of using medical treatment for repeat breeder animals to reduce the open days and number of services of these animals.

This study was conducted in private farm of veterinary medicines Collage Kufa University to evaluate the effect of supplementing fenugreek seeds and probitic of Hamadani lambs ration of somebody measurements body weight , weight gain ,feed conversion ratio, feed consumption ,blood sugar and blood cholesterol. All lamb divided randomly into three treatment, each treatment contains four lambs: treatment(T1) ,control basic ration, treatment(T2 ), basic ration supplement with 400 mg /kg/B.W fenugreek seeds ,three treatment supplement(T3), basic ration with 4 gm/kg/feed probiotic.The results showed that treatment had no significant in body weight , weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed consumption .Alsothe results showed no significant effect on blood sugar and cholesterol to all treatment.

The study was performed on Iraqi buffaloes in 4 different location from governorates with a number of 120 animals within 6 buffalo breeder farms and taking 20 buffalo from each breeder with the purpose of fixation some morphological characters in Iraqi dairy buffaloes and correlation coefficient within these treats and result are :
1. The overall mean for chest girth , barrel girth , chest and barrel depth , the all body length and body length (slanting ) were 232.02 , 262.8 , 81.39 , 80.86 , 244.85and11947 cm respectively .
2. Also, overall mean for height at shoulder , height at tail attachment , distance between shoulder and femurs , tail length and horn length with height of udder from earth were : 147.66 , 145.8 , 45.65 , 61.41 , 40.39 , 100.85 and 63.26 cm respectively.
3. The effected of parity for first five treats were significant (p < 0.01) besides to horn length and height of udder from earth .
4. Most of correlation coefficients for different body dimension were positive and highly significant , while hight of udder fromearth with other characters were nagetive and not significant.
5. The effect of lactation was highly significant for body length ( slanting ) , distance between femurs, horn length and hight of udder from earth and significant ( p < 0.05 ) for chest girth , the all boy length an hight at shoulder , since all other characters look significant .
So, they required more studies on this animal and are intensifying efforts between breeders and researchers to highlight the economic importance and non – negligible because it is the task of national wealth in animal resources.

The present study was conducted on native Iraqi buffalo raised in Nineveh governorate in four different regions from the governorate by using data belongs to 120 buffaloes (118 milking buffalo and 2 buffalo bulls ) by visiting to 6 buffalo breeder which performed randomly ( 20 animals per breeder ) from the period of 11/7/2010 to 16/7/2010 for the purpose to knowledge and fixation morphology characters for milking buffalo and to correlation coefficients between these treats and they found these results :
1. Over all mean ± SE for front teats length, hind teats length, the diameter for front and hind teats were : 6.95 ± 0.11 , 7.55 ± 0.13 , 3.28 ± 0.08 and 3.63 ± 0.18 cm respectively .
2. Over all mean ± SE for distance between front teats , distance between hind teats , distance between front and hind teats and circumference for udder were respectively : 16.45 ± 0.30 , 9.47 ± 0.21 , 10.29 ± 0.17 and 45.62 ± 0.72 cm .
3. Effected of parity has a higher significant on length of front teats and their diameter only , and length of teats was increased from 6.74 cm in first group to 8.50 cm in fourth group , and the same things was happen for teats diameter ( 3.10 and 3.92 cm ) respectively .
4. The location for taking measurements was high significant effect for distance between hind teats and significant (p<0.05) for udder circumference and all studied treats were exceeded in 4th location ( Badosh region ) for all other position .
5. They found a highly positive significance correlation between length of front teats with length of hind teats (0.05) and with diameter of front teats (0.42) .
Also , they found a positive and significance (p<0.01) between udder circumference with distance between front teats and distance between hind teats and distance between front and hind teats were (0.62, 0.59 and 0.48)respectively.Thus, further studies on this animal require a joint effort between breeders and the research community to give a comprehensive assessment of this animal is important economically.

The objective of the present study was to determine the macro-mineral status (calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium) in Iraqi cow buffaloes suffering from retained placenta after normal parturition or after abortion in comparison with normal parturition without retained placenta(control) .The study was conducted on (32) Iraqi buffaloes aged from 4-12years and each of them had one or more calving. The study was conducted from July 2011 to February 2012.Animals were divided in to four groups each group contain (8) adult buffaloes First group included buffaloes that not pregnant and her last parturition (normal group),the Second group included buffalo cows having normal parturition(control group), Third group included buffalo cows suffering from retained placenta after abortion in the third trimester, Fourth group suffering from retained placenta after normal parturition. Data were collected including clinical examination was performed taking in to account case history, general examination and as per-rectal palpation, vaginal examination and blood sample to identify the level of calcium , inorganic phosphorus and magnesium using available Kits.The result showed that there were decrease in serum calcium21.361±1.457,8.:95 ±1 374, 8.157 ±1 2:9,6.939±1 345mg/dl inorganic phosphorus 5.944±1 395,5.348±1.386,4.:62±1 239,4.736 ±1 2:1 mg/dl magnesium 3.:53±1 249,3.862 ±1 298,3.593 ±1 235,3.332 ±1 1:74 mg/dl level in the four groups, respectively and significant(p<0.01) between buffalo cows suffering from retained placenta after abortion in the third trimester with buffalo cows suffering from retained placenta after normal parturition compared with normal parturition without retained placenta and buffalo cows that not pregnant and parturition at last time.It could be concluded that deficiency of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in Iraqi buffaloes might be a possible causes or predisposing factors for retained placenta and abortion.

The study aimed to detect adrenal gland lesions and determine their ratios at sheep and calves slaughterhouse at age ranged from 1-2 years for 2 months from 1/1/ – 1/3/2011 , and comparing the results between the two species . Adrenal glands were harvistered from 110 sheep to collect 220 samples and from 96 calves to form 192 samples, Gross and histopathological examination were performed . The results demonstrated presence of lesions at 83.64% of samples at sheep and at 82.29% at calves , those lesions represented by presence of congenital deformities including medullary tissue islets within cortex, lobulated adrenal gland, accessory cortical tissue within capsule and accessory cortical tissue within medulla, at ratios 1.82%, 0.9%, 6.36% and 2.73% respectively in sheep and at ratios 4.46%, 1.98%, 4.95% and 4.95% respectively in calves, beside presence of cystic adrenal medulla in sheep at 0.45% of samples . disturbances of metabolism also noticed represented by cortical vascular degeneration, chromaffin cell coagulative necrosis at retios 29.55%, 10.45% and 2.27% respectively in sheep and at retios 28.71%, 15.84%, and 4.95% respectively in calves with presence of cloudy swelling in adrenal cortical cell and chromaffin cells at 1.49% and 1.98% respectively at calves adrenal samples cellular adaptation disturbances also observed manifested by diffuse cortical hyperplasia, nodular cortical hyperplasia, diffuse medullary hyperplasia at 6.36%, 4.09%, 2.27% respectively at sheep samples and at 11.88%, 2.97% and 3.47% respectively at calves, circulatory disturbance congestion and edema at 37.73% and thickening of vascular walls at 6.36% of sheep samples, the same lesions appeared in calves at 26.73% and 7.43% respectively from total collected samples, those disturbances also include hemorrhage appeared at 1.98% of calves samples . Two form of inflammation appeared included focal lymphocytic corticodrenalitis at 12.27% in sheep and at 11.88% in calves, otherwise acute corticoadrenalitis demonstrated at 2.97% of calves samples . Repair pross manifested by fibrosis of capsule and thickening of fibrous septa appeared at 28.63% in sheep and at 32.67% in calves . Detection of tumors just included pheochromocyoma at 1.82% and unclassified medullary tumor at 0.9% of ovine samples in contrast a benign myelipoma was recognized at bovine adrenal cortex at 0.49% of samples .It has been concluded that an obvious variation is demonstrated in types and ratios of lesions between sheep and calves with regard to similarities in total affection ratios .

The histochemical study of the mucosa duodenum of bovine will be obtain found glycoprotein in the goblet cell and the cell of the Brunner’s gland . the percentage of the carboxylated and sulphtaed glycoprotein increase of the goblet cell but the neutral glycoprotein were noticed in the middle part of the duodenum .in the cell of brunners neutral glycoprotein will be dominate but the carboxlylated and sulphated glycoprotein its very little found in these cell. The glycosaminoglycans were be noticed in the goblet cell and cell the of the brunners gland of the bovine . no glycogen present at any part of the duodenum .

Four hundred and fourty tow blood smear were collected ( 360 smears from cow , 102 smears from sheep ) in Babylon and examined with Giemsa stain to investigate schizontes inleukocytes .The study revealed that 88.3%(408 /462) showed positive reaction.Of 360 samples of cows, 316 was showed positive, while 44 (12.2 %) showed negative results .So of 102 samples of sheep , 92 (90.1%) was showed positive while 10(9.8 %) showed negative results. It concluded that the morbidity rate of theileriosis in Babylon were 87.7% and 90.1% in cow and sheep respectively in 2010

This study was aimed to improve the sexual ability of low fertile bulls.It was done between 1st May 2009 and 30th April 2010. The study was carried on four Holstein bulls aged between 5 to 5.5 years. All of these bulls were suffering from impotency (have no ability to mount or ejaculate). These bulls were treated with different unhormonal methods in order to stimulate their desire to mount and ejaculate. Then they were treated with different hormonal methods including GnRH, FSH, and LH, to improve their sexual ability. Blood samples were collected from every trial of semen collection and within different methods of treatment for estimation of testosterone and prolactin levels. Result showed that unhormonal treatment to stimulate the sexual desire of bulls to mount the teaser or obtain semen by electro ejaculators were useless, but the result of different hormonal treatment showed the response of the first bull after four days following the first dose of LH hormone and a clear continuous improvement after the other treatment with GnRH and FSH. The second bull was responded after 5 days from GnRH injection and has the ability to mount and ejaculate. The improvement continues with the FSH hormonal treatment. The third and fourth bulls did not respond even after the end of the experiment. This study recorded that testosterone and prolactin level were varied after the hormonal treatment especially after the second dose of LH hormone then FSH and GnRH in comparison with the first dose of LH or before commencement of treatment. Also the study showed the increased level of prolactin hormone after the GnRH and FSH hormonal treatment, in comparison with its level before the hormonal treatment and after the first and second dose of LH hormone. The significant effect p < 0.05 of the hormonal treatment on the ejaculate volume,
sexual reaction time, individual movement and mass activity was noticed especially after FSH hormone treatment.The frozen semen from the first and second bulls was used after the end of hormonal treatment. The two bulls showed improvement of the sexual ability to mount and rapid ejaculation of semen. Following insemination of six cows from the first bull pregnancy was diagnosed in five cows after sixty days. The ratio of pregnancy is 83.3%. Cows inseminated with the semen of the second bull led to pregnancy in one however a failure in the other resulting in a ratio of pregnancy at 50%. We concluded that the ability of using the hormonal treatment to improve the sexual efficiency of bulls

This study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic and pathological effect of the ethanolic (EE), cold aqueous (CAE), and hot aqueous (HAE) extracts of the Sonchus oleraceus on cancer cells growth of mammary adenocarcinoma as in vivo. The in vivo study was performed to evaluate the effect of the three types of the extracts. The LD50 was (5 g/kg, 6 g/kg and 8 g/kg) for ethanolic, hot aqueous and cold aqueous extracts respectively. The mice groups were given doses of the three extracts at period of two weeks, and were treated for two weeks after that the groups of mice were transplanted with the cancer cells. The histopathological study revealed pathological changes in tumor mass, and noticed necrosis in most of the cancer cells in the group that treated wiyh ethanolic extract. The histopathological results showed that the extracts of Sonchus oleraceus were induced necrosis in the cancer cells and also caused few necrotic changes in the normal tissue in the in vivo study

This study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic and pathological effect of the ethanolic (EE), cold aqueous (CAE), and hot aqueous (HAE) extracts of the Sonchus oleraceus on cancer cells growth of mammary adenocarcinoma as in vivo. The in vivo study was performed to evaluate the effect of the three types of the extracts. The LD50 was (5 g/kg, 6 g/kg and 8 g/kg) for ethanolic, hot aqueous and cold aqueous extracts respectively. The mice groups were given doses of the three extracts at period of two weeks, and were treated for two weeks after that the groups of mice were transplanted with the cancer cells. The histopathological study revealed pathological changes in tumor mass, and noticed necrosis in most of the cancer cells in the group that treated wiyh ethanolic extract. The histopathological results showed that the extracts of Sonchus oleraceus were induced necrosis in the cancer cells and also caused few necrotic changes in the normal tissue in the in vivo study

This study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic and pathological effect of the ethanolic (EE), cold aqueous (CAE), and hot aqueous (HAE) extracts of the Sonchus oleraceus on cancer cells growth of mammary adenocarcinoma as in vivo. The in vivo study was performed to evaluate the effect of the three types of the extracts. The LD50 was (5 g/kg, 6 g/kg and 8 g/kg) for ethanolic, hot aqueous and cold aqueous extracts respectively. The mice groups were given doses of the three extracts at period of two weeks, and were treated for two weeks after that the groups of mice were transplanted with the cancer cells. The histopathological study revealed pathological changes in tumor mass, and noticed necrosis in most of the cancer cells in the group that treated wiyh ethanolic extract. The histopathological results showed that the extracts of Sonchus oleraceus were induced necrosis in the cancer cells and also caused few necrotic changes in the normal tissue in the in vivo study

Due to the multi-similarities in phenotypic and biochemical characteristics among genera belong to pasteurellaceae , this study was aimed to isolate and diagnosis of (Pasteurella multocida) that cause respiratory infection in cattle and sheep by using routine methods (culture and biochemical) , then used of molecular method as a diagnostic confirmatory, in addition to conduct the serotyping by using polymerase chain reaction , The study included acollection of (150) samples of infected lungs and smears of nasal , tonsils swabs of cattle and sheep for the period 1-11-2010 and up to 1- 4-2011 of farm animals and various massacres in the city of Diwaniya.Samples were cultured on the blood agar and MacConkey agar and Trypticase Soya agar then diagnosed after pure isolation of colonies using phenotypic and biochemical methods.The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as confirmatory test isolates after extraction of DNA from isolates and amplification of specific known as KMT-1the presence of asingle band for the amount of amplified DNA with amolecular weight of 460bp.For the purpose serotyping of isolates germ of Pasteurella multocida using PCR, the capsule specific primer (CAPA, CAPB, CAPD, CAPE, CAPF)were used showed that the serotype (B) was the dominat in cattle , with molecular weight (760pb) while type (A) the dominat in sheep with molecular weight (1044pb).The Coclusion , the result of molecular level of identification and serotyping gave ahigh sensitivity (97) % and specificity (82.05) % when compared with its routine diagnostic in cattle and sheep.

This study of brucellosis has been aboard in AL-Numaniya city and other surrounded area from Wasit province . it was prospected from different animals : sheep's , goats and cattles, and including the incidence of disease in these animals using the rose Bengal test .A 850 bloodsamples were collected from sheep's ,350 from goats and 125 from cottles ,the percentage of infection was 8.5% ,10.6% and 12.8% respectively.In human 80 patients with Malta fever using rose Bengal test were studied ,the highest percentage (33.8%) were found people (23-33)year , the percentage of infection was highest in males from than females and in dairy products consumers followed by the group animal breeder.

This study doing in the yectan company for commercial poultry production during the period May 1/5/2008 – Sep 1/9/2008 , in kut region (south of Iraq country) Using 4000 hens of parent laying hens strain Tetra Sl at age between 24 – 40 weeks. all hens distributed randomly on four separated houses(four treatments), each treatment include 3500 female plus 500 male. This study aims to know influence of four levels ambient temperatures in summer season as fellow:(T1=28C).(T2=30C).(T3=32C).(T4=34C) on performance of breeder laying hens strain Tetra SL which imported from Syrian country. All birds intakes the same production rations along periods of study. Using Completely Randomized Design with one way experiment ( uni factor that is temperatures) and applicated SAS program in stasticals analysis of data. The results shows high significant decrease in summer season on general performance .The power of these effects relative according to rising of housing temperatures along the period of this study among May – Sep months . There were negative effects on egg production, egg mass, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and less significant comprise with guide of producer company for these breeders. Also decrease significantly hatchability percent, at every periods ( four weeks) at all periods in all treatments. But there were no significant differences in egg shape index, egg broken, egg with double yolk between all treatments. Our conclusion that this strain of breeders laying hens have been negatively affected by hot climate in south of Iraq.

This study doing in the yectan company for commercial poultry production during the period May 1/5/2008 – Sep 1/9/2008 , in kut region (south of Iraq country) Using 4000 hens of parent laying hens strain Tetra Sl at age between 24 – 40 weeks. all hens distributed randomly on four separated houses(four treatments), each treatment include 3500 female plus 500 male. This study aims to know influence of four levels ambient temperatures in summer season as fellow:(T1=28C).(T2=30C).(T3=32C).(T4=34C) on performance of breeder laying hens strain Tetra SL which imported from Syrian country. All birds intakes the same production rations along periods of study. Using Completely Randomized Design with one way experiment ( uni factor that is temperatures) and applicated SAS program in stasticals analysis of data. The results shows high significant decrease in summer season on general performance .The power of these effects relative according to rising of housing temperatures along the period of this study among May – Sep months . There were negative effects on egg production, egg mass, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and less significant comprise with guide of producer company for these breeders. Also decrease significantly hatchability percent, at every periods ( four weeks) at all periods in all treatments. But there were no significant differences in egg shape index, egg broken, egg with double yolk between all treatments. Our conclusion that this strain of breeders laying hens have been negatively affected by hot climate in south of Iraq.

The current study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of BVD virus in Basrah and Nassirya city by using ELISA and RT-PCR. Two hundreds and eighty two samples of non vaccinated cattle sera samples collected from two regions of Iraq (188 samples from Nassirya city and 92 samples from Basrah city). Samples tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) antigen capture. Positive results were 20 samples ( 8 sample in Thi-Qar and 12 positive samples from Basrah). All samples submitted to indirect ELISA(IDEXX HerdCheck ELISA )for detect BVDV antibodies .Genotyping of all 20 positive samples to antigen detection were tested by Real time PCR, using Cador BVDV ½ kit, after extraction of virus RNA by QIAamp mini kit. The results revealed that there were 20 positive sample according to direct ELISA(Ag detection), while 66 sample were positive to indirect ELISA, as well as, the result of RT-PCR showed that there were two sample positive to BVDV type-1 (one sample form each city).

This work was carried out during a period from 12- 3- 2011 to 29 -4- 2011 to study the protective role of raw goat milk in protection of digestive tract for rabbits treated with amoxi-clavulanic acid .A total of 32 female local breed rabbits aged ( 2-3 ) months with 1706.25 gm initial weight were used in this work, distributed randomly into 4 groups (8 rabbits) per each:
- control group( C ) fed based diet without any addition .
- First treatment ( antibiotic group ) (T1 ) fed the same based diet
+ 5 mg ⁄ kg b.w.x 2 amoxi-clavulanic acid for one weak .
- Second treatment (antibiotic + goat milk group ) ( T2 ) fed the based diet + 5 mg ⁄ kg b.w.x 2 amoxi-clavulanic acid + 5ml x 2 raw goat milk for one weak .
- Third treatment ( goat milk group ) ( T3 ) Fed the same based diet + 5ml x 2 raw goat milk for one weak.The results of gross and histological study for digestive tract for ( T1, T2 ) showed that there was gastric ulcer beside signs of infection in small intestine and large intestine resulted from increasing activity of pathogenic microbes in intestine culture as compared to utilize microbes due to using antibiotic in comparison with control group and third treatment group , while second treatment group don't appear pathological changes as compared with first treatment group .

This study was done to observe the effect of omental pedicle flap in neuroraphies , sciatic nerve of 8 dogs which divided into equal two groups .The neuroraphy was performed, after that greater omentum was prepared by median laporotomy which later pass through a tunnel formed in the inguinal region by preserving its vascular supply and adapted then wrapped around the zone of neuroraphy in treated group.asciatic nerves of control group were severed and primary neuroraphy was done without applying omental flap. The histological examination of the biopsy specimens was done in the 60th day for both groups. The amount of regenerated axons and intra neural connective tissue in two groups were examined. In the revasculorized neuroraphies by omental flap, there was a significant increase the number of regenerated nerve fibres and reduced perineural fibrosis when compared with control group.

The current study determined the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis among the free Range Chicken , Industrial Chicken and Duck by using LAT and ELISA .A total of 200 FR Chicken purchased (70 Al-qadisyia province, 65Al-najaf province, and 65 Babylon province), 200 Industrial Chicken purchased from ten Industrial farms in geographical different region of Al-Diwania city and 50 Duck purchased(rural area and bird sale places of Al-Diwania city) were involved in this study , one hundred thirty four (67%) of FR Chicken , Sixty two (31%) of Industrial chicken and twenty eight (56%) of Duck, were diagnosed primarily as Toxoplasmosis by LAT.Out of 90 ( 45 FR Chicken and 45 Industrial Chicken ) of LAT positive cases, only 36% were positive by ELISA which considered as confirmed Toxoplasmosis cases .Results revealed ,that 51.11% and 28.88% of FR chicken and Industrial chicken positive by ELISA respectively.The percentage of T. gondii antibodies in FR chickenby LAT were 71.42%,69.23% and 55.38% in Al-Qadissiya, Babylon and in Al-najaf provinces respectively whereas the percentage by ELISA were 66.66% , 46.66% and 33.33% in Al-Qadisiya, Babylon and in Al-najaf respectively.Although the difference observed in the percentage of T. gondii antibodies among different provinces, there was no significant differences P < 0.05detected by LAT whereas in the ELISA there was significant differences P<0.05.The highest titer in LAT were 1/128 (34.32%) in FR chicken, 1/8 (29.3%) in the Industrial chicken and 1/32(35.7 %) in the Duck, The lowest titer were 1/2 (5.22%) in FR chicken , 1/128 (0%) in the Industrial chicken and 1/4(0%) in the Duck

Determination of reliable biochemical parameters of experimental diabetic rabbit by alloxane monohydrates and role of diatery antioxidants (ascorbic acid, vit. A, and α-tocopherole) supplementation were investigated. Body weight gain, blood (plasma) chemistries, antioxidant enzymes and histopathological lesion were determined over 10 week in new Zealand white rabbits: control T1 group, diabetic T2 group, diabetic and ascorbic acid T3 group, diabetic and Vit. A T4 group, diabetic and α-tocopherole T5 animals group . each of dietary ascorbic acid, vit. A and α-tocopherole that given to animals of T3, T4 and T5 respectively were significantly (P≤0.01) reduced glucose level in blood than T2 diabetic group, also these antioxidants improve levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. Enzymatic activity of liver glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were significantly increasd more than of diabetic animals T2. histopathological structures of liver and pancrease confirm these results which indicate mild congestion and less degenerative signs in hepatocytes with mild degeneration of langerhans islets, generally oxidative stress resulted from diabetes and may diminished by administration of antioxidant ascorbic acid, Vit. A and α-tocopherole supplementation, and α-tocopherole group was the best group.

This study was designed to investigate the histopathological changes that occur in some organs during infection of calves with foot and mouth disease. Autopsies from twenty six cases of calves aged 6 months to 1 year suffering from typical case of foot and mouth disease(FMD) were studied. The results of histopathological alteration of the lung revealed emphysema of in the lung, also there clusters of pigment –laden macrophages, hemorrhage, dilatation of alveoli and accumulation of amorphous exudate . The lesion of the intestine include hemorrhage, edema, thickening and hypertrophy of villi, also there are degeneration and necrosis of some intestinal gland. Alteration in the lymph nodes showed atrophy of lymphoid nodules and accumulation of collagen fibers with hemorrhage

A donkey referred to our private clinic suffers from a solid mass bulging into the nasal cavity rounded in shape (10X11X11.5 cm). This mass was completely removed by surgery and sent to the pathology laboratories. The histopathologic examination showed an extensive fibroblast proliferation form bands with different directions with whorly pattern appearance, the fibroblast showed extensive collagen and hyper-chromatic nuclei with heavy eosinophile infiltration. This lesion diagnosed as a solid fibroma and this is the first report that refers to fibroma in the nasal sputa of donkey

The purpose of this study was to unveil the light microscopic morphology and distribution of the goblet cells, paneth cells and Brunner's glands in duodenum of the adult one humped camels.The present study was carried out on fifteen duodeni,these have been removed from healthy adult male camels aging (4-5) years, immediately after slaughtering. The specimens were divided into equal five parts, named as following (first ,second,third,fourth and fifth) .Ten specimens (1cm3) was taken from different regions of each part of the duodenum; and fixed into 10% formalin and Bouin's solution approximately 24 hours, then treating by routine histological processing . The sections are stained by H & E, PAS and V.G. stains. Goblet cells, paneth cells and alveoli of the Brunner's glands were counted ,used ten microscopic fields of each part of the duodenum. Mean ± Standard error were calculated.The duodenal wall was composed of four tunicae (mucosa, submucosa,muscularis and serosa or adventitia).Goblet cells,shown as globular shaped cells dispersed among the columnar cells in the epithelium that lined the villi and crypts of Lieberkuhn in the tunica mucosa of the duodenum, and take positive reaction with(PAS) and the Paneth cells, were granular cells in crypts of Lieberkuhn only. The present study revealed the mean number of goblet and paneth cells in crypts of Lieberkuhn were increased in last parts of camel duodenum toward the jejunum. Brunner’s glands, appeared as branched tubuloalveolar glands, found in the lamina propria of first, second and third parts and in submucosa of each duodenal part. The mean number of the alveoli of the Brunner's glands in submucosa of the first part were more than that in other parts, and decreased toward last parts, but absent in last sections of fifth part toward the jejunum. Conclusion : The present study revealed reversed relation between number of the goblet and paneth cells with the Brunner’s glands in the duodenum toward the jejunum for neutralize of the ingesta and contributing to the immunity of duodenum

Chickens (Gallus domesticus) present several advantages as an animal model to study the anatomical and histological field of eye, For instance, they have large eyes that grow surprisingly fast (100 μm per day), exhibit good optics, and powerful accommodation . So, under this study a total of (20) male local chickens were studied. Then, for histological study the other (10) chicken was cut off their eyes and fixed directly with 10% formalin.The weight, length and width of eye, cornea and iris were recorded and the mean and S. D. was founded: 16.5771, 1.993; 18.3, 0.8331; 18.3, 0.823 for weight (gr.), length and width of eye (mm) respectively. While, the length and width (mm) of cornea: 8.300, 0.483 and 8.400, 0.516 respectively, and in iris: 5.42, 0.516 and 5.42, 0.421.The anatomical and histological section showed a clear layers and cells, the sclera with clear fibroblast, collagen fibers and elastic fibers, The layers of retina were noticed with pigmented epithelial layer, rods and cones, external laminated layer, external nuclear layer, external plexus layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexus layer, basal cell layer, nerve fiber layer, inner laminate layer. the ciliary process consist of smooth muscles, ciliary process, supercillary process, pigmented ciliary epithelia.This study recorded as a first one in Basrah city

Forty, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly distributed at one day of age to 2 experimental groups consisting of 10 birds with two replicates for 35 days. Group 1 fed control diet with no T-2 toxin (negative control),while group 2 fed T-2 toxin contaminated diet at a rate of 4 ppm. Scarifying birds done at the end of the experiment, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, liver, kidney and intestine, were sectioned for microscopical examination . Results showed that T-2 toxin, was hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, toxic to lymphatic tissue, haemopoetic tissue, and gastrointestinal tissues. And these organs are considered to be the target organs for T-2 toxin which primarily affected during T-2 toxicosis..

Forty, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly distributed at one day of age to 2 experimental groups consisting of 10 birds with two replicates for 35 days. Group 1 fed control diet with no Aflatoxin (AF) (negative control),while group 2 fed AF contaminated diet at a rate of 2.5ppm. Scarifying birds done at the end of the experiment, bursa of Fabricius, liver and kidney were sectioned for microscopical examination .It was shown that AF affected Liver, kidney and the immune system organ (bursa of Fabricius), which are considered to be the target organs for AF and these are primarily affected in aflatoxicosis

In spite of the fact that subcutaneous abscesses is occur in sporadical cases and cause low morbidity, A total of 79 (56 and 23) abscesses of cattle and sheep respectively were examined during 12 month from November 2010 to October 2011 for determined an anatomical distribution of subcutaneous abscesses with identification of clinical features and isolation of causative agents that cause these abscesses in cow and sheep in Al-Qadissiyia province. The head was most commonly affected, followed by (glutcal &neck) and chest regions at percentages 80.36%,10.71% and 8.92% respectively in cattle, and 82.6%, 13.03%, and 4.34% respectively in sheep. Also the results demonstrated that there are four types of subcutaneous abscesses vary in size (from a nutmeg fruit size up to a muskmelon).Fifty four samples out 56 abscesses samples of cattle were demonstrated gram positive bacteria only which presented by Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hycus, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis at percentage (33.9 %), (17.8%), (12.6%), (23.2%) and (7.1%) as well as one sample (1.8%) revealed undifferentiated bacteria, the rest two samples (3.6%) don't showed any bacterial growth during culture. In sheep the 23 samples the result showed that Staphylococcus aureus was predominant bacterial isolates followed by Arcanobacterium pyogenes ,and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , S. epidermidis, at percentage (30.4%), (26%), (21.7%) and (17.4%) as well as one sample (4.4%) didn’t revealed any growth

Fenugreek has a long history of medical uses in Chinese and Kurdish medicine, the objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of topical application of fenugreek on the wound healing in rabbits. Twenty adult healthy local breed male rabbits weighing 1600-1800 gram were used. Animals were divided into two equal groups, by surgical aseptic technique, two surgical skin incision at length of 3 cm in the back region were done on both side of the vertebrae, then they closed by simple interrupted pattern by silk (3/0). Control group treated with Vaseline while in treated group the wounds were covered with 10% fenugreek ointment twice daily for 21 days. The clinical and histopathological evaluation revealed that fenugreek promote the wound healing by early formation of cellular fibrous connective tissue, granulation tissue and early maturation of fibrous connective tissues, which characterized by regular and complete layer of epidermis, when compared with control group, in conclusion this study indicated that the fenugreek was enhanced wound healing and that may be due to it is therapeutic and nutritional activities.

3 samples of fertile hydatid cysts and 3 other sterile were collected from sheep liver and 3 samples of sterile hydatid cysts from cows liver. Infected liver samples with hydatid cyct were obtained from meat seal shops in AL-Muthanna province in December 2010 ,then measured dimentions of cysts and calculated quantity of hydatid fluid and viability of protoscolices by staining with eosin stain then examining under light microscope of 40x. petechial hemorrhage and paleness around cysts were important gross lesions in sheep in addition to calcification in cow hydatid cysts, on other hand the histological lesions were thickened fibrous layer and sever necrosis with infiltrations of eosinophils and extensive calcification in cows liver. There was significant effect of amount of hydatid cyst, thickness of fibrous layer and thickness of necrotic layer

One Hundred eighty fecal samples and (50) bile samples were collected from cattle of different ages and both sexes present in Basrah farms and Slaughterhouse. The results of the bacteriological and serological methods carried out on fecal and bile samples of cows detect Salmonella spp in the fecal samples of 3 cows ( 6611 ) % and these bacteria were not detected (0%) in bile samples. Concerning the effect of months of study on the rate of Salmonella spp. isolation . The higher rate of isolation was encountered in march (6.66%) followed by February (2.38%), while in other months no Salmonella isolates were observed. Depending on the sex of animals the higher rate of Salmonella isolation was observed in males )%2.06) and it was in females (1.204%) . According to age group the higher rate of Salmonella isolation (%965)was observed in the third age group
) followed by the second age group (1<-3) in which the rate was ( %2.09) . There was statistical significance difference (p< 0.05) among age groups concerning the Salmonella isolation rate. Suckling mice and permeability of rabbit skin were show good result for detection of enterotoxin which were extracted from the more virulent isolate No. (161). The enterotoxin then were purified and fractionated by gel flirtation on sephadex (G-100). Results of gel flirtation showed that the toxin had two peaks , one of them were highly toxic. The chemical studying of enterotoxin characteristics revealed that it contained sugar moiety and it was a glycoprotein

The study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in sheep in Babylon province by use of two methods (latex agglutination test (LAT) and Enzyme linked immunsorbant assay (ELISA)). The results of Latex agglutination were appeared infection rate of 13.77% (31 out of 225 animals), the higher seropositivity was in urban region 19.4% while in rural region it was 11.39%, and depending on sex of animal thus higher rate in males were 16.51% compared with females 11.2%, so the results were referred to higher rate in young ages (less than one year) were 22.41%, and higher titer for latex agglutination test was 64 with rate 35.48%.With respect ELISA test where the results referred to that out of 31 positive samples for LAT, nine samples were positive for IgG 29.03%.

This study was under taken on 950 lactation records kept at Iraq-Jordinian company / Dujaila- Wasit Governorate during a period from 2001-2003.to evaluate the effect of some non-genetic factors (age at 1st calving,parity,season of calving ,year of calving and service period ) on peak milk yield and days to attain peak yield .The least-squares means for peak milk yield and days to attain peak yield were :14.252± 4.763 kg and 47.528 ± 24.121 days.Peak milk yield was significantly influenced (p<0.05) by season and year of calving ( p<0.01). Days to attain peak yield was significantly ( p<0.05) influenced by year of calving

The present study was conducted on five healthy indigenous male turkeys at the first year of their age and live weight was (4715 ± 43.3 gm) collected from the center of Diwanyia city, our need to have a base line data on the respiratory system of this abundant species of bird in Iraq. It is expected that this work will provide a pivot for future research and subsequent clinical application as regards the biology of the turkey.After birds preparation the trachea dissected out and washing by normal saline solution (0.9% Nacl), then were fixed immediately in 10% formalin, then get ready for routine histological processing.Trachea was lined by respiratory epithelium (ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium) with simple branched tubular mucous glands and goblet cells. Laminapropria-submucosa of the trachea was supported by hyaline cartilages and comprised of loose connective tissue, with large bundles of collagen fibers.

The research was conducted to study the repair of transected sciatic nerve through by grafting sciatic nerve with nerve segment and addition of bone marrow in dogs. Twelve adult dogs from both sexes was used. They was divided into two groups, six animals in each group. The left sciatic nerve was used as a model in this research for monitoring the process of nerve repair. In group one, the sciatic nerve was transected and a piece of nerve about 1cm in length was removed, and the resultant gap was repaired by autotransplantation with a segment of nerve harvested from the median nerve of the forelimb with the consideration that the harvested median nerve segment was slightly longer than the resected sciatic nerve segment. The implanted nerve segment was sutured with sciatic nerve using non absorbable suture (nylon 5\0). In group two, the same surgical procedure was performed as in group one, but a bone marrow that aspirated from the same animal was applied on the nerve transplantation. The assessment of sciatic nerve repair was accomplished by studying the clinical observation of normal physiological function of the operated limb, additionally studying the histological changes on the nerve graft transplantation at 30 and 45 postoperative days. The study was revealed, the application of bone marrow on the nerve graft segment was enhanced the degree of healing of transected sciatic nerve that indicated by improvement the functional use of affect hind limb clinically, with improvement the vasculrization of nerve graft segment and increase proliferation of nerve cells (Schwann and microglial cells) with extension of collagen fibers that aid to bridge the sciatic nerve with grafted nerve segment histologicaly rather than in group one.In conclusion the addition of bone marrow on the nerve graft segment accelerate the degree of healing of transected sciatic nerve with improve the functional use of operated limb.

The study was carried out in An najaf province to determined the effect of two level haemorrhage(20%) on vital signs and some haematological values in local breed goats in An najaf province. The results showed that the animals of both treated groups had higher rectal temperature ,respiratory rate and heart rate in compared to animals of control group, the responses were more marked in 20% level of haemorrhage. Also the treated groups had lower red blood corpuscles , packed cells volume ,hemoglobin concentration and total leukocytes count in compared with animals in control ; they were significatly lower with 20% level of haemorrhage compared to control. The ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes was changed in treated group, percentage of neutrophils was high whereas the lymphocytes was lower in compared with control.

This study was investigated the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on the serum cortisol hormone, biochemical and hematological parameter in 12 mature female rabbits, six of them were exposed to electromagnetic field of 104μT for 30 minutes twice daily for 15 days. The other six female rabbits served as control .Blood samples were collected from treated and control rabbits. Results revealed that there were significant.(p<0.05) increase in triglycerol, high density lipoprotein (HDL),and total WBC count. There were significant (p< 0.05) decrease in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL), glucose, and cortisol hormone . statically magnetic field also caused significant decrease in RBC count, PCV% and Hb concentration.

In order to investigate the effect of adding L.arginine on poor motile bull sperms, this study was conducted in Artificial Insemination Center of Abou-Ghareeb . 17 ejaculates with poor motile sperms estimated (40% to 55%) were collected by artificial vagina from 5 bulls and extended with Tris-yolk-fructose-glycerol extender supplemented with 0.005 M of L.arginine, cooled for 2 hours, equilibrated for 4 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen at (-196˚C), then thawed after 48 hours in (37˚C for 30 seconds) . Determination for spermatozoal motility, dead and abnormalities percentages and acrosomal abnormalities percentage were evaluated before and after freezing. Results obtained in this study concluded that L.arginine can be used to activate the motility of poor motile bull sperms, furthermore, it can be used as an adjuvant in bull semen extenders to maintain the viability of spermatozoa after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at (-196˚C).

The present study has been carried out at the College of Veterinary Medicine ,AL-Qadisiya University to determine the effect of obesity on serum Estrogen concentration in mature female Wistar rats.Fifty immature female rats (14-20 days age,30-40g.) were housed at the animal house during the period extended from 25th March,2011 to 10th June,2011.Animals were randomly divided into two equal groups. Control fed on standard feed and treated fed on high fat feed ( 32.3%fat by weight and 4828 k cal/kg energy). Daily body weights were recorded during the experiment period extended to the 100th day of age .At 60 days of age ,eight of mature female Wistar rats from each group were anesthetized, dissected and blood samples were obtained from abdominal vein for assessment of Estrogen concentration in serum. Ovaries and uteri were also obtained, weighted and fixed in formalin 10% for histopathological study.Ovarian and uterine weights of treated group recorded significant decrement in comparison with that of control.Hormonal assay in sera showed significant decrement of estrogen in treated mature female rats in comparison with that of control female rats. Ovarian sections of treated female rats revealed lower level of proliferation in the follicular tissue and predominance of Graffian follicles compared with control. Similarly uterine sections of treated female rats showed filtration of adipose tissue with less proliferated changes and less uterine glands compared with that in control.

Abortion is the most obvious manifestation of Brucella infection. In this study, 59 aborted buffalos, 91 aborted cows and 150 aborted women were studied. Diagnosis of Brucella infection in these abortions was based on clinical, serological and bacteriological studies, then determination of Brucella isolates with PCR assay. Serological studies included the use of RB and ELISA tests as screening tests for infection. Results showed that in bovine the RB test shows significant difference between the positive cases in cows and buffalos (P<0.05) while in ELISA test there is no significant difference between these two groups. In aborted women there was significant difference in the RB and ELISA tests between the negative and positive women (P<0.05).From all positive cases by ELISA test, Brucella was isolated from 7 aborted cows, 3 buffalos, and 2 women. Brucella isolates were revealed amplification of a 223-bp fragment with B4 and B5 primers except one strain that isolated from blood culture of women

A total of 268 fecal samples were collected from calves between 1 week to 2 years old from Al-Nasr station for dairy cattle and three regions in Baghdad (AL-Taji, AL-Shula, and AL-Gazaliya). Modified Zehil Neelson stain was used to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts in these samples. Oocyst shape and size were used as criterions for species identification. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was 35.44%. No sex preponderance was found, but there was decreasing in the prevalence versus age, with C. parvum was the dominated species before six month age, and C. andersoni in calves older than that.