Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between achievement goals and Ego-strength among a sample of university students in Tikrit. This research relied on the descriptive relational method. The sample consisted of 200 students, selected through stratified random sampling. The researcher used previously validated measurements by Taha (2019) to assess achievement goals, and Hassan's (2013) test to measure ego-strength. The results indicated a significant relationship between these two variables. In light of the study's findings, several recommendations and suggestions are presented.

The research aims to identify emotional tact and educational behavior among high school teachers, as well as to explore the relationship between these two constructs. The research sample consisted of 300 male and female secondary school teachers from Salah al-Din Education Directorate. The researchers adopted the emotional tact scale developed by Ali (2024), which comprises 36 items, and the educational behavior scale created by Al-Shawani (2022), consisting of 20 scenarios. After presenting the scales to expert reviewers, both were approved without any deletions or additions. The reliability coefficient for the emotional tact scale was calculated using the test-retest method and reached 0.81, indicating good stability. For the educational behavior scale, the reliability coefficient was also calculated using the test-retest method and reached 0.86, which is considered a strong reliability coefficient. After establishing the validity of both scales, the researchers administered them to the main research sample. The results indicated that the emotional tact of the research sample was high, as was the level of educational behavior. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in the research variables based on gender (males vs. females). A positive correlation was found between the two research variables. The study concluded with several recommendations and proposals.

This study aims to determine the effect of Hoover's model on the acquisition of educational concepts among students of the College of Educational and Psychological Sciences and the development of their comprehensive thinking. The researcher chose the experimental design consisting of two groups: one is experimental and the other is control group. The researcher selected students from the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences in the College of Education for Liberal Arts and intentionally selected second-year students as a research sample consisting of (75) male and female students. The research tool was the Educational Concepts Learning Test, which included (30) multiple-choice test items measuring three processes of concept acquisition. The second tool is the Integrated Reasoning Test, which in its final form consists of (30) items. After the researcher applied the two tools and collected and processed the statistical data, the results showed a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group studying Hoover's continuing education material in the Educational Achievement Test. In light of the results of the study, the study presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to verify the effectiveness of the successful intelligence and reflection and observation strategies in the achievement of fifth-grade literary students in the subject of history and the development of some of their personal skills. The researcher chose the experimental method and formulated hypotheses for his research. The experiment was applied in the academic year 2023-2024, and the research sample consisted of 95 students. The research tools consisted of an achievement test in 40 paragraphs, and a personal skills test consisting of (20) paragraphs. The research used the statistical bag to obtain accurate results. The researcher also prepared recommendations and proposals to complete the current research which focused on the necessity of teaching with modern educational models based on meaningful learning, and presented a proposal which is successful intelligence and its relationship to the acquisition of concepts and depth of knowledge among fourth-grade literary students in history .

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of the mathematical representations method on the academic achievement of fourth grade students in physics. For this purpose, the researcher developed a hypothesis and conducted an experiment on the two research groups over the first semester of the 2023/2024 academic year to verify its validity. The researcher chose fourth-year scientific students in Al-Ghufran Secondary School affiliated with the Abu Ghraib Education Department within the General Directorate of Education Al-Karkh/1. He selected a sample for his research. It consisted of (64) students, divided into 32 students in each group.
After the researcher prepared the requirements for the experiment, which consisted of specifying the scientific material, behavioral objectives, and teaching plans for the two groups, in addition to preparing the achievement test that he applied at the end of the experiment, which consisted of 30 objective items of the multiple-choice type, after its validity and reliability had been confirmed and the difficulty and ease coefficient had been calculated. Before starting to implement the experiment, the researcher rewarded the two research groups with variables (chronological age in months, physics grade in the third intermediate grade, parents’ academic achievement, previous information, and intelligence).
At the end of the experiment, the two groups were tested with an achievement test, and after analyzing the results by applying the T-test rule for two independent samples, the results revealed that the students in the experimental group outperformed the students in the control group, and thus the hypothesis was rejected, meaning that the method of mathematical representations contributed to raising the level of achievement among fourth-year scientific students.

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach, on a sample of 200 teachers and principals in intermediate schools. The researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of 56 items distributed over four main topics, which were analyzed using the Cronbach’s Alpha correlation coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient to find consistency in the total score. Arithmetic means, standard deviations, and percentages were used. Additionally, the t-test and One way Anova were used to measure the effect of the study variables.
The results of the study for the first question showed that teachers and school principals agreed to a high degree on the importance of using electronic governance. As for the results of the second question, they showed that the degree of use of e-governance is somewhat low, and the results of the third question showed that the degrees of availability of physical equipment to assist in the application of e-governance are moderate by teachers and low by school principals. As for the results of the fourth question, they showed that there are actual obstacles that limit the use of e-governance. Electronic governance This indicates moderate or less obstacles, and it showed results of the fifth question: there are no differences between the responses of individuals in the study sample in all aspects of the questionnaire due to the variables (qualification and number of years of service). And also with regard to (the importance, equipment, and obstacles of electronic governance) in the two variables (training courses and job title), while there are differences between the responses of the study sample members with regard to the degree of use in the training courses and in favor of those who did not take the training courses, as well as in the job title variable , teachers.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of the 7E strategy in increasing the achievement of students of the Department of Quranic Sciences in the subject of teaching methods and developing their religious values. The researcher chose the experimental design consisting of two groups, one experimental and the other control. The research sample consisted of 82 male and female students. Using the two research tools, the first was an achievement test consisting of 30 objective test paragraphs, while the second tool was a scale of religious values consisting of 20 paragraphs. Their validity, reliability and discriminatory power of the two tools were confirmed. After applying the two tools and collecting and processing the obtained data showed that there is a statistically significant difference at the level 0.05 between the average scores of the experimental group studying the subject of teaching methods using the 7E strategy in the achievement test and the religious values scale in favor of the female students of the experimental group. In light of the results of the study, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Academic Tenacity is one of the most important non-cognitive factors in students’ struggle for excellence and long-term success, reaching the desired goals, and to stand firm in the face of challenges, obstacles, and difficulties. This matter may require the individual to possess psychological toughness that enables him to strengthen his personality, resist stressful life conditions, and enjoy psychological and physical health. For this purpose, the current research aimed to identify:
1. Academic tenacity among students of distinguished school.
2. Psychological toughness among students of distinguished schools.
3. Differences in the correlation regarding the interplay between academic tenacity and psychological factors among students of distinguished schools according to the gender variable (males - females).
To achieve these aims, two scales were adopted, the first for academic tenacity and the other for psychological toughness. After confirming their psychometric properties, the scales were applied to a sample of 200 male and female students from distinguished schools in Baghdad. The results were as follows:
1. Students of distinguished schools have academic tenacity.
2. Students of distinguished schools possess psychological toughness.
3. no statistically significant differences exist between academic tenacity levels psychological toughness among students of distinguished schools, according to the gender variable (males - females).

The current study aims to reveal the impact of some demographic factors on mothers’ awareness. The needs and problems of the visually impaired gifted child as a necessity for sustaining the giftedness. The tool of the study included a general data form the family of the visually impaired gifted child, a questionnaire to measure the needs of the visually impaired gifted child in its dimensions (physical, social, psychological) and the problems in its dimensions (family, psychological, social, school) to which the visually impaired gifted child is exposed. The study tools were applied to a sample of (75) children from Al-Nour Boys' and Al-Nour Girls' Schools and their mothers in the city of Shibin El-Kom - Egypt, who were selected in a simple random manner from the student lists. This study followed the descriptive analytical approach, and the results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the level of family provision of the child's needs and problems as a whole according to the mother's social status, number of children, mother's education level, income, and intelligence level. There are also statistical differences between the average scores of visually impaired gifted children in the level of family provision of needs (physical, psychological, social) and the level of problems (family, school, psychological) facing the visually impaired gifted child. The study recommends the need to enrich this field with more scientific studies that would clarify the ambiguity and clarify many facts about this category with a double exception in order to achieve the sustainability of talent.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the strategy of applying the principles on the achievement of students of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences in the subject of Continuing Education and developing their academic achievement motivation. The sample of the study consisted of students of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences - College of Education for Humanities at Tikrit University. The number of the students was (70). The researcher built an achievement test and a scale for academic achievement motivation, and confirmed their validity and stability. The researcher used appropriate statistical methods, and after statistically analyzing the results, the study reached a set of results through which a number of recommendations and proposals were presented.

The problem of the study is summarized in the importance of the reasons that have recently occurred to adopt the competency approach, and its impact on changing the mentality of traditional education. The study required adopting two methodologies. The first is adopting the historical approach for the purpose of reviewing the idea of reforming and developing the education system for the subject of history, and the second is the descriptive analysis methodology with the aim of diving into the details related to the subject of the study and showing the final results, such as the inability to get rid of the sediments of old approaches that are deeply rooted in the core of the adopted educational systems, in addition to the lack of human and material resources that would change the education system in our Arab countries, despite the technological revolution embodied, especially in light of the artificial intelligence revolution that has affected all the details of our lives except for the educational issue. Hence, interest in knowledge and change, societal and ideological transformation and historical awareness has increased, due to the latter’s influence, such that it has become a means of deepening the learner’s visions and providing him with historical experiences that help him understand the present and its historical components, and look at history and read it well as a sustainable state of development. Therefore, it has become strange today for a person to separate himself from his history, and to exclude himself from seeing the facts away from the awareness of the present and the anticipation of the future.

This research aims to assess the level of psychological orientations and to reveal the significance of statistical differences in psychological orientations based on the variables of gender (male and female) and field of study (scientific and humanitarian) among a sample of university students. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the level of ambition and identify statistically significant differences according to the gender variables (male and female) and field of study (scientific and humanitarian), as well as to explore the relationship between psychological orientations and the level of ambition among university students.

The current research aimed to identify the level of psychological satisfaction among students at Tikrit University and to examine its relationship with their future thinking, considering the variable of gender (males and females). The research sample comprised 150 students, evenly divided into 75 male and 75 female participants from various colleges at Tikrit University. The researcher utilized the psychological satisfaction scale developed by Al-Azzawi (2019), which included 58 items. After consulting with experts, the scale was statistically analyzed, and all items were retained. The reliability of the scale was assessed using the test-retest method, yielding a coefficient of 0.80, which is considered a good level of reliability. As for the second variable, future thinking, the researcher developed a future thinking scale that comprised 30 items. After presenting the items to the evaluators, the scale was finalized, maintaining the same number of items. Reliability was assessed using a test-retest method, and it was The stability factor is 0.81, indicating good reliability. After assessing the validity of the two scales, the researcher administered them to a sample of 150 male and female students from Tikrit University. The results revealed:
1- University students generally experience a high level of psychological satisfaction.
2- University students are actively engaged in contemplating their future.
3- There is a strong positive correlation between the psychological satisfaction of Tikrit University students and their future-oriented thinking.
Through the results, the researcher presented several recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to identify the concept of narcissistic personality, the most prominent features, characteristics and factors influencing its emergence, and explaining how it is formed, based on scientific theories. The research aims at shedding light on the extent of the spread of this type of personality by the researcher's review of the literature and previous studies.

The current research aims to:
1. Identify the implicit intelligence of Anbar University students for the academic year 2023-2024 AD.
2. Identify the differences in implicit intelligence among university students according to the gender variable (males, females).
3. Identify the differences in implicit intelligence among university students according to the specialization variable (scientific, humanities).
To achieve the research objectives, the researchers adopted the implicit intelligence scale prepared by (Al-Sattawi, 2020), which consists of (20) paragraphs with a five-point scale, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) (strongly agree, agree, unsure, disagree, strongly disagree) and the scale is corrected by giving weights (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) to the paragraphs that refer to developmental implicit intelligence and vice versa for paragraphs that refer to fixed implicit intelligence, and the high degree is considered to be developmental implicit intelligence and the low degree to fixed implicit intelligence.
The research sample was randomly selected from two colleges: Education for Humanities and Education for Pure Sciences for the academic year 2023-2024 AD, and their number was 200 male and female students. After the researchers distributed the scale for measuring implicit intelligence to them and collected it, and after emptying the data and using appropriate statistical methods for that, the results showed that the students have a good level of developmental implicit intelligence. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between males and females, and there were differences in implicit intelligence according to the specialization variable in favor of the scientific specialization. Based on this, a set of recommendations and proposals were proposed

The Meta-Analysis is a relatively modern research methodology in psychological published Arabic psychological researches, but it is rarely found among psychological research has been conducted and completed by psychological researches in Iraq. The current study aims to provide a definitional framework for Metal-Analysis method and it`s techniques, (ADHD), identify the size of effect, and mean of sizes effect for empirical studies only, which has been conducted using therapeutic and educational programs for reducing symptoms of (ADHD) among children in Iraqi community. The researcher collected the literature review and studies related to the objectives of the current research, reaching a total of four studies. The quantitative data were analyzed statistically according to the requirements and statistical equations for Meta-Analysis. The study found that effect size of the studies ranged from low to moderate, while the average combined effect size of the studies was large. This indicates that a therapeutic and educational programs to reduce (ADHD) had a significant impact in alleviating the symptoms of (ADHD).in conclusion, Meta-Analysis methodology is useful for individual studies with small sample sizes of those studies, thereby recognizing the extent of the impact of those studies on the studied variables. Additionally, conducting Meta-Analysis has become much more easier due to the availability of online resources, and AI has facilitated conducting Meta-Analysis. This research ends up with many recommendations and suggestions.

Psychological satisfaction is one of the most significant challenges faced by university students. Individuals who struggle to fulfill their needs in a constructive manner may resort to illegal methods and techniques to achieve a sense of compatibility. Therefore, this research aims to explore and support university students in consolidating the concepts of personal development while fostering their psychological and social well-being.
The current research aims to eliminate negative perceptions that contribute to an individual's feelings of psychological and social dissatisfaction. It highlights the most effective methods and techniques that students can employ to enhance their psychological and social well-being. Additionally, the study seeks to establish a future vision that outlines guidelines, principles, and strategies for improving psychological and social satisfaction among university students.
After conducting thorough research and investigating relevant facts, as well as reviewing theories, literature, and studies related to the current topic, it became evident that an individual's psychological satisfaction is influenced by several factors, including:
1- Respect: Al-Shammari's study (2003) and other research indicate that as we enhance respect for students, their psychological and social satisfaction increases.
2- The study conducted by Al-Douri in 1993 indicated that the factor of needs among students is nearly decisive in shaping an individual's personality and achieving psychological satisfaction.
3-The achievement motive is a significant factor in enhancing the psychological satisfaction of students, as demonstrated by Bales' study.

The current research aims to identify the level of academic achievement motivation among the research sample of middle school students and to identify statistically significant differences according to the gender and specialization variables for the academic year (2023-2024). The researchers built a tool to measure academic achievement motivation. After extracting validity and calculating reliability, the alpha coefficient reached (0.80) and the half-splitting coefficient (Spearman-Brown) for correction, as the reliability of the scale reached (0.83) and the retest (0.85), the scale became in its final form (40) paragraphs. The scale was applied to a random stratified sample of (280) male and female students. For the purpose of statistically processing the data, the researchers used Pearson's correlation coefficient and the t-test for a single sample, and the t-test for the two independent samples. The results showed an average level of academic achievement motivation among intermediate school students. There are no statistically significant differences between males and females according to the gender variable, and there are no statistically significant differences between scientific and literary braches according to the variable of specialization. The research came out with many recommendations and suggestions.

This study aimed to investigate the orientations of Arabic Department lecturers towards the utilization of technological tools. To achieve this objective, a representative sample of 100 male and female lecturers from the Arabic Departments at the Colleges of Education at Ibn Rushd University of Baghdad, Al-Mustansiriya University, and the University of Iraq was selected for the academic year 2019-2020. The researchers employed a questionnaire as the primary research instrument, comprising 20 items. Following electronic administration, the researchers obtained results that revealed a range of responses from the sample, spanning 38.33% to 93.66%. The items were subsequently arranged in descending order based on their percentage weight and weighted average to determine their relative importance. The overall mean score was 2.14, corresponding to a percentage of 71.33%, indicating a positive and acceptable trend. This finding suggests that university education is currently on a satisfactory trajectory.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital educational curricula in enhancing the skills of students experiencing difficulties in learning the Swedish language in the city of Gothenburg. Two programs were selected for this study, and the research also presents an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the digital educational programs currently employed in teaching. The research sample consisted of 43 ninth-grade students from a school in Gothenburg. These students were divided into two homogeneous groups, which were intentionally selected due to their prior diagnoses of learning difficulties. The study program was implemented for Group A using the Tiki program, while Group B participated in the Gleerups program during class. The research results indicated that the language skills of both groups generally improved due to the use of electronic curricula. However, the findings revealed that the Tiki program had a more significant impact on students' learning and enhancement of their skills in reading, reading comprehension, speaking, and writing. In contrast, Program B demonstrated a greater effect on written comprehension. The researchers recommended the implementation of programmed educational curricula that enhance learning effectiveness among students as a method to improve the educational process in Arab countries. They emphasized the need to evaluate these curricula in a manner that aligns with the demands of the modern era, enabling students to gain sufficient experience in engaging with technical educational content while practicing information with spontaneity and flexibility, in accordance with the goals of Vision 2030.

The research sample consisted of 62 students, with 31 students in the experimental group and 31 students in the control group, all selected randomly. The researchers developed behavioral objectives for the scientific material, resulting in a total of 40 objectives. Based on these objectives, 12 teaching plans were created and subsequently validated by presenting them to a panel of experts and evaluators. The researchers developed an achievement test, while the researcher employed a mental capacity test. The achievement test consisted of 22 items, including 17 multiple-choice questions and 5 essay questions, which were aligned with Bloom's five levels of cognitive learning while the mental capacity test consisted of 46 paragraphs.
In light of these results, the researchers formulated a series of conclusions, which include the following:
1- The Swales model made the lesson more engaging and dynamic, breaking away from the monotony and boredom typically associated with traditional teaching methods by incorporating multiple teaching styles.
2- the researchers developed a set of recommendations that include:
The General Directorate of Training emphasizes the importance of employing the Swales model in the instruction of educational and psychological subjects. This approach is essential for improving achievement levels in these fields as well as in academic subjects overall.
3- the researcher proposed a series of recommendations, which include: a comparison of the Swales Model with other models for developing mental capacity

The research aims to identify the impact of the Bransford and Stein model on the academic performance of fourth-grade students in Arabic language literature and to enhance their critical thinking skills. To achieve this, the researcher formulated two hypotheses, adopted an experimental design characterized by partial control, and conducted a final assessment involving two research groups: one experimental and one control. The current study focused on fourth-grade literary students at Al-Alam Preparatory School for Boys, which is affiliated with the General Directorate of Salah al-Din Education. It specifically examined the last three chapters of the Modern and Contemporary Arabic Language textbook for the academic year 2022-2023. Section A was designated as the experimental group, while Section B served as the control group. The control sample comprised 64 students, with 32 students in each group.
The researcher developed two assessments: one for achievement, consisting of 40 items—30 objective multiple-choice questions and 10 essay questions—and the second for critical thinking, comprising 45 items. The validity, reliability, and psychometric properties of both assessments were confirmed. They were administered to the sample both before and after the implementation of the experiment. The data were processed manually using the Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS).
In light of the research findings, the researcher presented several recommendations, including the adoption of modern teaching models based on constructivist theory within the educational process. Additionally, the researcher suggested conducting a study on the impact of the IDEAL BRANSFORD educational model on various aspects, such as innovative and creative thinking, students' attitudes toward the Arabic language, their preferences, and their academic achievement.

The aim of the current research is to explore the impact of digital storytelling strategies on the acquisition of concepts related to intellectual security among students in the Department of Interpretation, specifically within the subject of creed, and to enhance their holistic thinking abilities. The researcher employed a randomly selected experimental design featuring a post-test and partial control for two equivalent groups (experimental and control). The sample consisted of 75 third-year students from the Department of Interpretation at the College of Islamic Sciences, Tikrit University. These students were randomly divided into two groups: 38 students in the experimental group (who were taught using digital storytelling strategies) and 37 students in the control group (who were instructed using traditional methods). Both groups were matched based on age, parental educational level, and holistic thinking abilities. The experiment was conducted during the first semester of the 2024-2025 academic year. As part of the research, the investigator developed a holistic thinking scale as a measurement tool and employed various statistical methods, including the t-test for independent samples. Based on the research findings, the researcher drew several conclusions, provided recommendations, and proposed various suggestions.

The current research aims to investigate the effect of Robson's strategy on developing evaluative thinking among fourth-grade literary students in the subject of sociology. The research sample consisted of 30 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group, all from Sarah Girls' Secondary School. The students were divided into two groups, both of which studied reading using traditional methods. The results indicated a statistically significant difference between the average scores of students in the experimental and control groups on the post-application of the evaluative thinking test, favoring the experimental group. Additionally, the study revealed a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in evaluative thinking.
In light of these results, the researcher emphasized the necessity of providing in-service training for teachers on the Robinson strategy. It is essential to encourage educators to design their lessons in accordance with this strategy by organizing training courses. Additionally, the researcher highlighted the importance of curriculum planners and developers in supplying appropriate scientific content, as well as offering a variety of activities and experiences to foster the development of evaluative thinking skills among female students throughout various stages of education.

The current research aims to identify the (personality patterns) prevailing among university lecturers, and the statistically significant differences according to the variable (specialization, gender). The current research sample consisted of (320) male and female lecturers, who were selected randomly from Tikrit University lecturers, of both sexes and scientific and human specializations. The personality patterns test (MBTI) was applied, and after completing the psychometric properties of the scale, from validity, reliability and discrimination, the final scale consisted of 50 paragraphs in the final form and was applied to the research sample.
Using the following statistical methods, T-test for one sample and two independent samples - Pearson correlation coefficient - Cronbach's alpha - Chi-square, showed the following results:
1- The dominant patterns that appeared in the study are the ESTJ pattern, which came as the most prevalent patterns, the ESTP pattern, the ENTP pattern, and the INTP patterns, while the rest of the patterns are less prevalent.
2- The patterns that are more prevalent among males are: They are the same as those prevalent among the research sample, while females were slightly less.