Engineering and Technology Journal

This work, efforts are concentrated on solving the problem of decoding
binary cyclic code, using hamming neural network. Therefore, this work
shows the ability of hamming network in solving one of the important
problems in coding theory. It presents the results of applying hamming
network as a decoding algorithm for cyclic code. The results prove the
relative efficiency of hamming network in decoding large linear cyclic
codes compared with other decoding algorithms

Flat rolling of wire is an industrial process used to manufacture electrical flat
wire, medical catheters, springs and piston segments, among other products. This paper
presents a 3D finite element analysis of wire flat rolling. The variations of rolling force
due to roll speed changes, Effect of reduction in height on width of contact Area, and
Lateral spread of wire has been discussed. It is found that a negligible increase in flow
stress and rolling force does occur due to increase in the strain rate at room temperature.
Besides, the results showed that the behavior of rolling force variation versus roll speed
depends on the rolling reductions. A theoretical relationship has been developed to relate
the reduction in height of wire to the width of contact area between the rolls and wire.
This relationship depicts that the width of contact area is proportional to square root of
reduction in height of wire. Finally the finite element can give a reasonable estimation of
the deformation behavior in wire flat rolling, since the theoretical predictions are
reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements of other authors

In the present work, polymer blends were fabricated by mixing two polymers
of polypropylene and poly (methyl methacrylate) mixed in different weight
percentage and different particle size of Iraqi kaolin. The study of some
mechanical, physical and thermal conductivity properties was carried out on all
composites. The mechanical tests included (impact, hardness, modulus of
elasticity, yield strength, elongation, stress at break and compression), Lee's disc
method was used to calculate the coefficient of the thermal conductivity of
specimens before and after reinforcement with kaolin powder. The physical
properties test included absorption tests, as well as X-ray measurement. The
results have shown that after the reinforcement with different weight percent of
kaolin powder, most mechanical properties such as hardness , modulus of
elasticity and compression increase while impact and elongation decrease with
increasing in weight percentage and a decreasing in particle size. The results have
shown also that the coefficient of thermal conductivity decreases with increase
weight percentage the water gain is decreased with the increase in weight percent
and decrease in particle size of the filler. X-ray diffraction pattern of filled
samples indicates that addition of kaolin adversely affects the crystallization of
PP/PMMA blend.

A stream cipher is a method of encrypting text (to produce cipher text) in
which a cryptographic key and algorithm are applied to each binary digit in a data
stream, one bit at a time. This method is not much used in modern cryptography.
The main alternative method is the block cipher in which a key and algorithm are
applied to blocks of data rather than individual bits in a stream. One of the
weaknesses in the stream cipher is to analyze the text through the use of
encryption algorithms standard in encryption operations.
In this paper description a hybrid structure of encryption algorithm for stream
cipher, this algorithm depends on a specific elements for the selection of
encryption process (logical operation (XOR, AND) between the secret key and the
plain text through encryption, decryption process. the specific intelligence
elements choose from key. The secret key generated from random generator will
be encrypted by RSA algorithm and sends with the encrypted text inside the
packet

As a result of the negative effects unshaped on some of the components in power systems such as the transformers, a great concern was shown to treatment this phenomenon so we rise in this search by designing a suitable active filter with two strategies for harmonic repression. To analysis and treatment this case, using a single-phase transformer with full-bridge rectifier, and a resistant load to generate some of total harmonic current and voltage distortions (THDi and THDv). Finally, simulation results with psim software show that the designed active filter with two strategies is very effective in harmonic elimination and power factor correction of the single phase transformer

A nonlinear finite element model for geometrically large amplitude free
vibration analysis of laminated composite shallow cylindrical shell panel is presented
using high order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The nonlinearity is introduced in
the Green – Lagrange sense. The effects of different orthotropic ratios, thickness
ratio, curvature ratio and boundary condition are study also frequency ratio (nonlinear
frequency to linear frequency) of cylindrical shell are determined as function of shell
amplitude ratio

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a new type of ultra-high strength and high ductility
concrete first developed in the 1990's in France. It is recognized as a revolutionary
material that provides a combination of ductility, durability, and high strength. In this
research work the nonlinear f ini t e element investigation on the behavior of RPC
beams is presented. This investigation is carried out in order to get a better
understanding of their behavior throughout the entire loading history. Also, a
numerical parametric study was carried out on the RPC beams to investigate the
influence of fibrous concrete compressive strength ( ) cf f ¢ , tensile reinforcement ratio
( ) w r , fiber content ( Vf ) and shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d) on the shear
behavior and ultimate load capacity of these beams.
The three- dimensional 20-node brick elements are used to model the concrete,
while the reinforcing bars are modeled as axial members embedded within the
concrete brick elements. The compressive behavior of concrete is simulated by an
elastic-plastic work-hardening model followed by a perfectly plastic response, which
terminated at the onset of crushing. In tension, a fixed smeared crack model has been
used.

In this study, a method to model the semi-infinite extension (unbounded
domain) of the saturated soil is developed. In this method, the unbounded domain is
replaced by an absorbing layer of finite thickness with properties that appreciably
reduce the wave reflection into bounded domain. In this layer, the soil is represented
by the same properties as in the soil close to the foundation (bounded domain) and a
model of frequency-dependent damping is implemented.
A three-dimensional dynamic analysis of rectangular footing on a saturated
soil is carried out. The foundation is subjected to four cycles of harmonic
force. The coupled dynamic equations with u-p formulation based on the
dynamic consolidation theory are used to simulate the soil skeleton and pore
fluid responses. The solid particles of the soil are represented by linear
elastic behavior. It was found that a decay in wave can be noticed when the
unbounded domain of the saturated soil is represented by the energy
absorbing layer. In addition, the maximum displacement of the foundation
will be decreased due to using the energy absorbing layer in comparison with
the elementary boundaries. The excess pore water pressure that developed
during the dynamic loading will be dissipated with time in a fast rate due to
using the energy absorbing layer

Association rules are important one of data mining activities. All algorithms of
association rule mining consist of finding frequency of itemsets, which satisfy a
minimum support threshold, and then compute confidence percentage for each k-itemsets
to construct strong association rules’. Some of these association rules are not important
because the extracted knowledge from their is found in other. Hence we proposed
algorithm to construct only important association rules by depend on closed frequent
itemset. An itemset is closed if one of its immediate supersets has the same support as
the itemset. Finding these closed frequent itemsets can be of a great help to purge a lot of
itemsets that are not needed to find association rules. So that aid to reduce execution time
and work space of algorithm and end the algorithm at any level of k-itemset, without
construct all K-itemset

The low thermal resistance of polymeric materials to high temperatures considered
the main limitation to used these materials in such applications required high thermal
resistance ,so ,the present research aimed to study the possibility to increasing flame
retardancy of advanced polymeric composite materials reinforced by fibers by
coating by a flame retardant layer represent antimony tetroxide (Sb2O4) as a coating
layer (4mm) thickness to react and prevent spread of flame on surface of composite
material consist of araldite resin(AY103) reinforced by woven roving carbon - Kevlar
fibers (0°-45°) and exposed this coating layer to direct flame generated from
oxyacetylene flame with different exposure distances (10mm,15mm,20mm) and
study the range of resistance of flame retardant material layer to the flames and
thermal resistance and flame retardancy after coating by antimony tetroxide as well
as rising flame resistance increased exposure distances to flame

In this research, numerical solution of natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids
in two-dimensional square enclosures is obtained for different values of Rayleigh
numbers and volume fraction of nanofluids. Numerical simulation has then been
undertaken for the mixture of Cu-water as nanofluid. The stream–vorticity form of
the Navier–Stokes equations and energy equation are used in this study. The present
model is utilized to obtain results in the range of Rayleigh number 103–105 and
volume fractions of nanofluids (0.025-0.1). The enclosure which represent twodimensional
square enclosure with heated left side wall, while the right side was cold,
the top and bottom walls were adiabatic. The governing equations are solved with
finite-difference technique by central difference scheme. A computer program in
(FORTRAN 90) was used to carry out the numerical solution. The results are a
remarkable increase in the average Nusselt number with an increase in the volume
fraction. An increase in the Rayleigh number results an increase in the average
Nusselt number for a certain nanoparticle. In order to validate the numerical model,
the results of two previous works for square enclosure filled by water based Al2O3
nano-particles as nanofluids. The first work was variation of average Nusselt number
and volume fraction for Ra number Ra=103. There are excellent agreement in results
and the maximum difference between theses results reach 4.2%. A relation between
average Nusselt number and Ra number also compared for other previous work.
There are agreement in results and found the maximum difference between results
reach to 6.5% approximately at Ra=105 which validate the present computational
model.

File is one of the main storing units of information. There is a great need to transfer
file through computer network especially the internet. The model that is used in
Internet is the TCP-IP. The TCP-IP model consists of four layers. The lowest layer is
the host network layer, the second layer is the internet layer (IP handling); while the
third layer is transport layer which contains TCP and UDP. The last layer is the
application layer. This paper is concerned on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The
UDP is mainly used to transfer messages. It is asynchronous, connectionless and
unreliable protocol. The UDP is not suited for transferring files because of the error
or loose that could prevent us from reconstruct the original file. In order to overcome
this problem new field and configuration is applied in the application layer for
guarantee file sending and receiving. This field is the Cyclic Redundant Check (CRC)
which is computed for each block of data and all these checks were sent over another
port. At the end of receiving data the receiver checks the check matrix in order to
determine the error and requesting that block from the sender. The proposed protocol
is implemented using the Winsock and Visual Basic programming language

The objective aim of this research is to develop an algorithm for design and
manufacture sculptured surfaces that are common in a wide variety of products such
as dies, automobile, and aircrafts components. In the design stage Bezier technique
has been used to represent the desire surface. In rough-machining stage, the number
of intermediate layers depend on the geometry of the desired surface and on the
maximum allowable depth of cut, an algorithm has been proposed to represent these
layers, whereas another efficient algorithm has been proposed to represent the semifinished
layer depends on the tangents and normal vectors along all the points of the
desired surface to create the offset surface. The desired surface generated points using
Bezier technique are used as cutter location points for the finish machining tool path.
Flat end mill (φ 12mm) has been used for the intermediate stages machining
(roughing), while (φ 12mm) ball end mill have been used for both semi-finish and
finish machining. The developed algorithm have been tested by several designed
sculptured surfaces, its proved good flexibility and efficiently in all of its stages, the
results have been implemented for machining one of these surfaces [fifteen
intermediate layers, semi-finished layer, and finished] using 3-axis vertical CNC
machine. The proposed rough machining algorithm reduces the machining time as
compared with contour tool path by 15% for case study two and reduces the NC file
size 52% for case study three.

The suspension system is the main tool to achieve ride comfort and drive safety for
a vehicle. Passive suspension systems have been designed to obtain a good
compromise between these objectives, but intrinsic limitations prevent them from
obtaining the best performances for both goals. In present work, a robust controller
for the active suspension system has been designed to get the best performance of the
suspension system. The nonlinear robust controller is designed based on adding an
integrator to a two-degree-of-freedom quarter-car model. The control action will
decouple the upper sprung mass subsystem from the lower (unsprung mass)
subsystem after a certain small period of time. As a result, by adjusting the control
law parameters, the dynamical response for the sprung mass subsystem is freely
specified (the damping ratio and the natural frequency for the sprung system after
decoupling).
The simulation results, which are carried out by using Matlab/Simulink, proved the
effectiveness of the proposed control law. The results confirmed that the sprung mass
system is decoupled from the lower unsprung system and unaffected by the change in
sprung mass and the road excitation disturbance. Additionally, the time history of the
sprung mass response is according to a mass spring system response with the desired
damping ratio and the natural frequency.

Although PVC polymer is one of the cheapest plastics that are widely used in
industry. The conditions of PVC processing industries are still industrially and
commercially confidential and uncovering it is still industrially and commercially
confidential and uncovering it is not easy.
This work aims to make processing conditions available to whom interest. This has
been achieved by studying the parameters associated with production process and
determine the optimum conditions which are necessary to get best quality and more
economical product. These parameters are included:
1- Mixing equal quantities of both rigid and flexible PVC will give
requiredhardness for product with degree of polymerization 600-700.
2- Addition of 3% stabilizer (tribasic lead sulfate) works on raising temp. Of
process to 250 centigrade without polymer burning or dissociation.
3- Addition of 55% plasticizer (dioctyl phthalate) to polymer (melting point of
polymer Tm = 90-100 centigrade and glass transition temp. Tg = 170 Co) decreases
Tg below room temp. 20-25Co .As a result of this work, product has enough
strength and good flexibility to charge with required volume of air.
4- Coloring of product by 2% Titanium oxide to give bright white color.
Oven temp. Is 150-180 Co.

200 GHz-spaced 16-channel 40Gbit/s WDM signal transmission is proposed in Cband
using 33% return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keying (RZ-DPSK) format
over a 5 spans of dispersion shifted-Anomalous fiber link. A parametric run on each
span fiber length is performed (from 25 km up to 100 km). The performance of 16 40
Gb/s 33% RZ-DPSK WDM channels is analyzed using the “Optical Simulation “
software. While, the nonlinearity results related to optical fiber system have been
simulated. Results that are given in this work are obtained using MATLAB R2009b
(version 7.9.0.529).

A numerical investigation has been performed to estimate the induced flow rate
for a laminar natural convection flow of air in a vertical channel with isothermal
walls conditions (one hot and another is cold). The two-dimensional governing
equations have been solved using finite volume method. The coupling between the
continuity and momentum equations is solved by using the SIMPLE algorithm. After
the validity of the present code by comparing results with these of previous study for
the similar conditions, solutions have been obtained for Prandtl number of 0.7, aspect
ratio of (4 to 20) and wall temperature difference of (10 to 30). The effects of the
changes in these parameters on the induced flow rate, Grashof number and flow
patterns within the channel have been predicted. A mathematical form of flow rate
correlation is presented for these cases

This paper deals with the implementation of software system to remove 0.5 Hz
baseline wander noise from the ECG signal using multistage adaptive filter.
At start, a single stage adaptive filter has been implemented and the performance of the
implemented system has been checked for changing the values of noise levels, the
convergence factor of the adaptive algorithm, and the length of the adaptive filter.
From testing results it is clear that the performance of the implemented system changes
by the above factors values.
Then an adaptive filter with the best values for the above factors has been used as a
prototype to build multistage filter.
The resulted multistage adaptive filter has been tested to prove its capability to remove
0.5 Hz baseline wander noise as compared with single stage adaptive filter.
From testing results, it is clear that multistage filter gives better results than single
stage filter

An engine of Zeetor type Z – 6901 of three compression rings is employed in
this investigation to accomplish the experimental work. The indicator diagram i.e.
P=ƒ(α) is recorded at different engine speeds. The present work elucidates the
measurement and indication of gas pressure within the combustion chamber as a
function of crank angle. The study contains the prediction of pressure in inter-ring
volume pressure behind piston ring during engine operation.
For verification of a mathematical model a static test rig apparatus is
designed in order to measure the inter-ring volume pressure within the range of
compression pressure i.e. 1bar to 33.8bar. The comparison between mathematical
and experimental results show good agreement

This research aimed to product Cu-Al alloys by powder metallurgy method
because of it is commercial and technological important. Copper and aluminum
powders were tacking then there powders mixed and blended together and classified
to four parts, Silicon carbide powder added to three parts and the last remain as its
then these powders mixed and then compacted in isostatic cold pressure at 7ton, then
this compact samples were sintered in furnace under argon gas at 830°C for one hour,
latest these samples grinded and polished to microstructure, density, porosity,
microhardness and X-ray diffraction tests