Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

Field study in Asihage / Salah Al –Din governmentt during the season 2014/2015 for the purpose of examining the density of insects E. adanae, tomato plant T. vaporariumi and aprograme for taking the sample during the foure months March, Aprile, May and July. results showed that the highest rate of adult T. vaporariumi was during the month of April which was 13.62 /plant. Also the results showed that the highest rate of adults tomato plant E. adanae occurance the month of March 63.11 /plant.

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors Gamma (PPAR-ᵞ) is a nuclear transcription factor, which Protein receptors for insulin and have a significant role in insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in addition to the role of the gene encoded in the differentiation Adipocyte and the development of Adipose tissue. at present research has been detected substitution silent mutation C T in the exon 6 of the gene PPAR-ᵧ in 111 women, including 73 obese women with Polycystic ovarian syndrome and 38 healthy women . in addition we determined certain biochemical variables (Blood Sugar, HDL-C, Triglycerides) and find a body mass index (BMI) and compared between the two groups of women where the results showed significant difference value of BMI and the concentration of each of the (Blood Sugar, HDL-C, Triglycerides) and at (0.05 and 0.01) among Patient women and Healthy the results showed significant difference in mutant T allele frequency between them . The value in Obese PCOS women was (0.336) compared to the value at the healthy women (0:29) this indicates the a correlation between substitution silent mutation C T in exon 6 for PPAR-ᵧ and disease

The results showed that two fungi used in this research had positive and effective role in biodegradation of Kirkuk mid crude oil and Al-Qayarah heavy crude oil. Synergism between F.moniliforme and A.flavus was able to biodegrade hydrocarbons of Kirkuk mid crude oil by percent 86.6% then A.flavus could biodegrade the same crude oil by percent 85.3% where's F.moniliforme at third stage by percent 68.6%.
But the percent of biodegradation of Al-Qayarah heavy crude oil, showed that synergim could biodegrade by percent 81.05%. A.flavus by percent 78.9% but F. moniliforme by percent 65.4%.
From the results of viable counts for the two grown fungi on the two kinds of crude oil showed adaptation for new ecology and increase in 1st and 2nd weeks from growth but decrease the viable counts for two fungi in the 3rd., 4th. weeks of growth, analysis by gas-chromatography improved biodegradation the hydrocarbons of two kinds of crude oil by the action of two fungi used in this research.
These two techniques produced another type for measured the profile oil hydrocarbons and disappeared many of peaks include components of crude oil which cleared through hydrocarbons profile before and after using two fungi as biotic analyzed factors, to affirmative results which cleared by weight as percent's in this research

This study was designed to investigate effects of the Vitamin C and cashew on biochemical parameters that include concentrations of Uric acid and Creatine phosphokinase, (60) sample of blood have collected and they have divided for 4 groups (2 Control Group C1 ,C2 No treated)
Group1( G1) Vitamin C 500 mg/day
Group2( G2) Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) 100 g / day
The results of this study showed that the physical stress and oxidative stress resulted by acute exercise which caused a significant increase in concentration of serum Uric acid and CPK, while Given the Vitamin C, cashew to period 15 day it is given alone Group.
The results a significant decrease in concentration of serum Uric acid and CPK in males for control group, The results showed decrease in Uric acid with Vitamin C (3.50±0.69) for control group (6.64±1.40) and with cashew (4.41±0.94) for control group (6.16±1.34)
While results of CPK record decrease in the group treated with Vitamin C (59.9±21.4) comparison with control (83.8±28.5) and with cashew (42.1±12.8) for control group (76.1±22.8)
The above results reveals an important of the Vitamin C and Cashew like a strong antioxidant and removing the effects of the free radicals and decreasing the oxidative stress in which the soccer for it during the acute exercise.
Key words: CPK, Uric acid, Vitamin C , Cashew

This study was designed to examine, the effect of Effective aqueous extract Lawsonia inermis leaves as antioxidant on concentration of Urea ,Criatinine and Histological of kidneys in Albino male Rats exposed to hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. This study showed that 0.5% hydrogen peroxide concentration leds to significant increase (P<0.05( in concentration of serum urea and creatinine comparing with control group. While the aqueous extract of Lawsonia inermis concentration (50mg/kg) led to significant decrease (P<0.05) in concentration of serum urea and creatinine compare with control group. Also the results showed no significant increase in concentration of urea and creatinine in group exposed to oxidative stress and aqueous extract of Henna comparing with control group. The histological results of the kidney treated with (0.5%) H2o2 showed degeneration, congestion, lymphatic infilteration, vacuolation in the renal tubules with necrosis comparing with control. While sections of kidney treated with aqueous extract of Henna showed normal appearance of the renal tubules. Histological investigation of kidneys rats treated with H2O2 and extract of Henna showed improvement in histological picture with reduction in infilteration, vacuolation and necrosis but the tissue did not return back to the normal state.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of antihistamines(Chlorpheneramineand Fexofenadine) on (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transpherase and alanine amino transferase) in tissue of fertilized hens eggs embryos as indicator to tissue damage. The injection of fertilized hen's eggs with antihistamines Fexofenadine at 12th day of incubation in doses (0,5,0,1mg/ egginto air sell)after 24 hour of treatment induce significantly decrease in tissues activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP),aspartate amino transpherase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) compared with control group in adose-dependent manner.Ingection of Chlorpheneramineat dose (0,5,0,1 mg/egginto air cell)induce significantly decrease in tissues activity ofalkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino transpherase compared with control group, but no significant decrease in tissue activity of alanine amino transpharase(ALT)at dose(0,5,0,1mg/egg) compared with control group.Compare the effect of ChlorpheneramineandFexofenadine on some biochemical parameters, chlorpheneramine cause significan decrease intissues activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) larger than the group which terated withfexofenadine in the same dose, also chlorpheneramine cause significan decrease intissues activity of aspartate amino transferase larger than the group which treated with fexofenadine in same dose.We conclode the antihistamines hasharmful effects to tissueschick embryorepresented by the changes in activity of some biochemical parameter which its consider as a marker for damage this tissue.

Inorder to detect the effect of excision the appendex on histological structure of rabbit Liver. This study was done in the field of poultry at the department of Animal resource / college of Agriculture / university of Tikrit for the period from 10/1/2014 until 1/6/2014, and the results showed significant changes in the histological structure consisted changes were the shape and size of Liver cells and appearance of focal agregation of lymphocytes distributed among hepatic cells in portal areas and around central veins as well as fibrosis the Liver and infiltration of white boold cells, including phagocytic cells in the interstitial tissue with the emergence of an increase in the thickness of the epithelium of gall bladder ducts and presence many of Kupffer cells in the sinusoids.

Field experiment was carried out during the autumn season in the Alam area in the east of Tikrit to study the integration of the three types of chemical pesticides (Media, Wide and Decis) and four cucumber varieties (Gazer, Amin, Najim and Zena) and Mass trapping technique by using Macphil traps that they contained female food attractive FLYCAP MASS to control cucurbits fruit fly Dacus ciliatus (Loew) in three open fields, the first field applied pesticides only, the second field applied pesticides and Mass trapping technique traps, and the third field for comparison (without pesticides and traps), was conducted two sprays for pesticides, the first spray after fruits setting directly and the second spray after week of the first spray .
Results showed that the application of pesticides alone in the first field had not been able to give good protection to the cucumber fruits from injury with cucurbits fruit fly Dacus ciliatus while the treatment of pesticides , varieties and Macphil traps in the second field that integrated each other in reducing the percentage of infected fruits to achieve good protection of the fruits and they showed that Integration between Mass traping technique by using Macphil traps that they contained FLYCAP MASS and Najim variety and Decis pesticide gave lower infected fruits percentage from 84.15% to 18.61% after one week of second spray, and reduce the number of larvae in Najim variety fruits from 7 Larva / fruit to 0.67 Larva / fruit and they reduced numbers of adults in the second field to 69.15% compared with the reduction percentage of the adults did not exceed 27.15% in the first field (treated with pesticides only) after one week of second spray.

The effect of different concentration of Kerosene had been examined upon Oscillatoria splendida, The optical density had been depended as measure for growth as well as chlorophyll a concentration, Phycocyanin pigment and protein concentration as an indicator of Kerosene effects, in addition to morphological changes. The optical density of growth in the control sample was (0.34), while it was (0.23) at 0.25% of kerosene concentration, It is noted slowing growth with high concentration of kerosene treatment, at 0.5% peak of growth was (0.08), and resisted the influence of the Kerosene transactions 1% and 2%, but with low growth values. concentration of chlorophyll pigment under effect of 0.25% was (0.32) mg /ml, for as low as (0.165) mg /ml at 0.5% of kerosene, Chlorophyll concentrations have fallen to the minimum under the influence of transactions 1% and 2%. Protein concentration was (0.215, 0.86) mg/ml under the influence of kerosene transactions 0.25% and 0.5% respectively, In spite of the doubling kerosene concentration to 1% and 2%, but the values of the protein did not reduced Completely. Some morphological changes were observed under the effect of kerosene such as yellowing of cells colors with a slight increase in the length of the cells. As well as the absorption spectrum infrared by FTIR show that the Oscillatoria splendida consume many of bundle such as (2870) cm-1 and (2950) cm-1, also the disappearance 2300) cm -1, 1500 cm -1, with the appearance a new bundle at (800) cm-1 Attributed to the introduction of a new compound not found in control sample.

The antagonism ability of the15 species of fungi associated with rot roots disease against the pathogen R.solani showed the growth of fungus T. harzianumwas faster than the pathogen R.s which cover all area of the perti plate with the antagomism degree 1.33. A field experiment was carried out in 2011/2012 in Agriculture College /Tikrit University for the test of the induction of a systemic resistance by T. harzianumagainst root rot disease caused by R.s in three cultivars of broad bean. Shabila cultivar infected with R.s and treated with T. harzianumgave maximum seeds germination (98.67%) compared with 67.67% in the infected and untreated plants. Maximum specific activity of Peroxidase was 10.9 unit/mg protein recorded in the infected and treated (with T. harzianum) local cultivar,while maximum specific activity of β-1,3glucanase was 0.289 unit/mg protein recorded in the uninfected and treated local cultivar, in the infected and treated Barshlona cultivar, maximum specific activities of Chitinase and Phenyl alanine ammonialyase were 0.074 and 2.089 unit/mg protein, while maximum specific activity of Poly phenol oxidasewas 2.163 unit/mg protein recorded in the infected and treated Shabila cultivar.Maximum total phenols was 19.22 mg/g tissue recorded in the infected and treated local cultivar. T. harzianum reduce the percentage of dead cells from 75.3, 70.0 and 58.3% in the infected local,Shabila and Barshlona cultivars to 20.07,30.0 and 44.4% in the infected and treated these cultivars,respectively.in addition, T.h reduced the percentage of disease severity from, 44.67, 50.67 and 44.67% in the infected local,Shabila and Barshlona cultivars to 14.3, 23.67 and21.93% in the infected and treated these cultivars, respectively, while the productivity of these infected cultivars increased from 53.7,34.8 and 74.3 g of fresh seeds to 104,68 and 158.8 g of fresh seeds when treated with T. harzianum.

Biochemical study in the effect of alcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris in lowering the incluced toxicity of liver and kidney in Albino Mice mice. The am of this study is to study the effect of Thymus vulgaris and investigate the ethanolic extract on the levels of liver and kidney enzymes of mice. Thirty albino mice average weight (25-30)gm were divided into 5 groups as follow:group1; has given normal diet as control group.
group2; (injected with carbon tetrachloride CCl4), group3 (injected with CCl4 + 0.5mg/ml Thymus vulgaris sativa extract), group4 (injected with CCl4 + 1mg/ml Thymus vulgaris extract), and group5 (injected with CCl4 + 2mg/ml Thymus vulgaris extract). Serum liver and kidney functions tests were estimated. The results showed that Thymus vulgaris extracts at concentration of 2mg/ml improved liver and kidney functions. This study concluded that, Thymus vulgaris extracts may exert their prophylactic and treatment role against oxidative stress caused by CCl4 by increasing/maintaining the levels of antioxidant enzymes. Biochemical detection showed the extract contains of tannins, glycosides and oils that the Thymus leaves,

In this research the polymer which contains aldehyde group [H1] has been prepared by oxidation [H] using the oxidizing agent (Dess Martin Periodinane), [H1] has been dialyzed by ethanol, Schiff bases[H2,H5andH8] compounds have been prepared through the reaction of compound [H1] with appropriate amines, [H3] compound which contains hydroquinazolin ring has been prepared by the reaction of [H2] compound with 2-amino benzoic acid.[H4]which has been prepared by cyclization reaction of compound [H2] with phthalic anhydride. compounds [H6,H7]were prepared by the reaction of [H5] compound with 2-amino benzoic acid and phthalic acid anhydriede. Reaction of comp[H1] with 4-amino benzaldehyde afforded comp[8]. The [H9] compound prepared by the reaction of [H8] compound with thiocarbohydrazide, The structures of the synthesized compounds [1-9] have been characterized using avaible spectral ( IR, 1H-NMR) methods and the result obtained improved the structures assigned to these compounds

The Thyroid disease is a common problem that can cause symptoms because of over- or under-function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is an essential organ for producing thyroid hormones, which maintain the body metabolism. The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck below Adam's apple. Thyroid disease can also lead to enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck, which can cause symptoms that are directly related to the increase in size of the organ (such as difficulty in swallowing and discomfort in front of the neck). This study included30 blood samples from Patients with Hyperthyroidism, compared with 30 blood samples from healthy people as a control. The results showed the presence of high-rise significantly in the concentration of the hormone T3 hormone T4 In Patients group's compared with the control group, while there was a significant decrease in the concentration of TSH and no significant differences in concentrations of both albumin sodium, potassium and chloride ions.

The study is about measuring the unsaturated fatty acids, as well as, Omega fatty acids by using GC/Mass in addition to HPLC to extract and measure the fatty acids of some of Iraqi local nurtures. Concentrated extracts of local linseed oil, sunflower oil, butter, as well as, black seed, and, extracted oil of Carp fish were measured. the results are shown in tables 6 and 7.Calcium, Potassium, Iron, Zinc, and Magnesium rates into the extracted oils were measured by Atomic Absorption apparatus, the results are shown in table 4.The biochemical characteristics such as moisture, solid contents percentage as well as, acidity, Iodine, Saponifying, peroxide and ester values. The results are shown in table 3.In comparison to the samples the results showed that extracted oil of Carp fish contains approx. 74.6% of Omega 3, while sunflower oil contains 59.6% of Omega6.

Four valleys were chosen in this study within low folded zone of northern Iraq. Including Sinjar and Adaya anticlines, to the north and northeast of them included Eastern Butma and Mandan anticlines. The research aims to employ the results of the morphometric analysis of basin valleys in the inferred structural evolution of folds, as the research aims to determine the validity of these basins in water harvesting and the technology to do so.
The results of the morphometric analysis showed maturation increasing of basin valleys of the folds when moving from Taurus to the Zagros chain, as well as increasing maturation the basin valleys of the folds when you move toward the north and northeast in the Zagros and Taurus chains. It was concluded from this study and a consensus between the maturation of the basin valleys with the tectonic site of the folds. The basin valleys of older building folds are exposed to erosion and maturity more than those of newer construction.
Results of the study are consistent with the results of many studies about the incidence collision of Arabian plate with the Iranian plate before colliding with the Turkish plate. In another hand the results are also consistent with the evolution of the folds in the Foreland basin progressively northward in Taurus series and Northeastward in Zagros series in one hand, with decreasing of folding age toward the Arabian stable shelf on the other hand.
The results of the basin valleys Maturation in the four Anticlines also showed by the degree of maturity, that water harvesting of basins in Mandan and Adaya Anticlines require a simpler technique than simpler than in the basins of the Eastern Butma and Sinjar, respectively.

The digital elevation models (DEM) used for geometric analysis of the reservoir, as essential requirement in the study of flood routing in the reservoir and in Baiji station on Tigris river, the volume of storage, volume of island, positive and negative planner area and surface areas, residual capacity, reservoir average depth, and average thickness of the island, were estimated, at each hypothetical level from 108-160 meters above sea level, the geometric elements of storage volume and residual capacity are used directly for flood routing.
The assumptions that have been assumed as basis for flood routing methodologies are:
1- The input discharges to Baiji station before assuming the existence of the dam is the same input discharges in the reservoir after the assumption of existence and operating of the dam.
2- The input discharge in Baiji station after construction of the dam is the same output discharge from gates.
3- The presence of initial reserve before the arrival of flood wave, as the reservoir is not empty before the flood.
4- Neglecting the drawn amount of water between the dam and Baiji station for irrigation and industrial purposes because of their small value.
5- The outflow from the gates was assumed for each operating scenario, the water level should not reach the critical one in the reservoir and Baiji gaging station.
6- If the river discharge in Baiji station not reach the destructive (critical) level, means that the level not reach the critical level in the other stations in downstream (Tikrit, Samarra, ... etc.).
Two mathematical models were used for flood routing purpose, the first is a relationship of discharge-level to predict the level in Baiji station depended on outflow from gates, and the second is the relationship of storage-level to predict the level in the reservoir depended on storage volume when the leave of the flood wave, an algorithm and flow chart were developed to describe and explain the steps of the flood routing program, which can be modified and applied for any dam reservoir in the world, and it is used in current study, also to calculate inflow discharges then inflow volumes, either outflow discharges may assumed for eleven operating scenarios (at 11 supposed levels to receive the flood wave) and predict the equivalent level in Baiji, and the change in storage, and then the accumulated volume and the equivalent level in reservoir, when the end of flood wave.
The optimum levels in the reservoir as well as in Baiji station depends on outflow discharge from the reservoir outlets, the predicted levels ranged between (103.83-105.75) meters above sea level in the station, resulting by outflow from the gates ranged from (1000-4500) m3/sec for each supposed scenario, knowing that these outflows within the discharge capacity of gates.
So, the routing reveal to not get flood in Baiji because the levels are not arrival to the critical case, and the results confirm the non-arrivals of the level in the reservoir to a critical situation, according to these scenarios the water level ranging between (150.53-151.90) meters above sea level, and the equivalent storage volumes ranging from (4252686180-4518813396) m3 in the reservoir, in condition of the dam operator apply the current supposed operation system.

The current study includes determination of the concentrations of lead (Pb) in 18 specimen of Kirkuk city soil (K). Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology has been used in the analysis of soil samples in laboratories Acme company in Canada. Results of chemical analysis of samples clarified a rise in average of lead in soil samples (26.11 ppm) compared with international average of soil (10 ppm) and with uncontaminated ones (15 ppm), and rise in its average in surface depth (30.2ppm) compared with the lower depths (17.97ppm), and decreases in its average as compared with local soils in other cities in Iraq. Factor analysis of the geochemical data for the samples above has been conducted and has been shown a presence of affinity and geochemical associations among Pb and both of potassium oxide and phosphorus penta oxide and also some elements such as phosphorus, cadmium, copper and zinc, as well as organic materials. Size analysis of the samples has confirmed that the concentration of Pb increases in the clay fraction in soils, and in a larger quantities than in the silty and sandy fractions. The value of Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for samples of soil showed that it lies within the medium pollution category to non-pollution. Oxidation - reduction potential and the acidic function have helped to identify the prevailing metallic phase in the soils at the area of study, which is a type of Cerussite.

In this study we oxidation thin film of Zinc on glass substrate in 510oC and oxidation time (10,20,30)sec . we intrusion the Zinc by using thermal diffusion. we exchange oven by appliance heater. the result show possibility relatively zinc oxide without using oxygen gas or closed oven and relatively so fast .this path is applied in production industrially and for large quantity. spectral analysis and elements analysis EDX explicit conversion zinc to zinc oxid purity 99% in oxidation time 30 sec . X-Ray analysis show that zinc oxid have Crystal system in crystal planes (002) and (101) .and AFM analysis show average nano dimension is 61.37nm .the study of optical properties clarifies the conversion. the result of energy gap for allow direct transmission 3.22eV and the energy gap for forbidden transmission 3.18eV .

This research included preparation of ZnO thin films from Zinc acetate solution (Zn(CH3COO)22H2O). on glass substrate with dimension (2.5cmx2.5cmx0.1cm) using chemical spray pyrolysis method composed with (0.2M). The structural properties were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscope (AFM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive of X-Ray (EDX). The film grown have a polycrystalline wurtizte structure it can be seen that the highest texture coefficient was in (002) plane. So (AFM) measurement show that the roughness average (1.51nm), root mean square (RMS = 1.75nm) and dimeter average (108.96nm). The optical properties were characterized by (UV- Visible) and showed that higher transmittance about (97%) and optical Energy gab (Eg=3.28 eV).