iklil for Humanity Studies

This research aims to explore the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing news production processes within digital newsrooms and to analyze its impact on the quality, speed, and accuracy of news content. The study examines how smart technologies are employed in data collection, analysis, and news dissemination, with a particular focus on the challenges associated with integrating AI into journalism, such as the lack of training and qualified human resources. Additionally, the research investigates the impact of these technologies on journalists' roles, professional values, and media ethics amid the increasing reliance on automation.
The study adopts a survey methodology based on a review of previous literature and an analysis of practical AI applications in digital newsrooms. The research population consists of journalists working in Arabic news websites who play a key role in news production using AI-powered digital technologies. The research tool used was a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 271 journalists, including news editors, reporters, editors-in-chief, and managing editors. The findings indicate that AI significantly enhances news production efficiency but faces challenges that necessitate a balance between technical efficiency and adherence to professional values. The study provides practical recommendations for adopting AI in journalism in a way that enhances productivity while maintaining the credibility of media content.

Interactivity has become a fundamental characteristic of media and communication, thanks to the tremendous advancement in communication technologies that have helped break the barriers of time and space, making the audience that uses these media an essential part of it. This study aims to address the issue of interactivity on the website of the Ministry of Commerce.
The research problem revolves around the main question: “ To what extent is there interactivity on the Ministry of Commerce's website regarding the topic of the food basket? “ From this, several sub-questions arise that the research seeks to achieve, The objectives of scientific research stem from the question raised by the researcher in the research problem. These objectives represent reformulated version of the question, leading to an analysis of the problem. They include identifying the interactive tools offered by the ministry of Commerce’s website, exploring the most engaging topics for its users, and other related goals, The researcher employed an analytical pproach, The research method is the procedural application of the approach in a way that suits the study’s specific community and works to achieve its objectives. Through evaluating the methods Related to the analytical approach, the researcher chose content analysis using the “ What and How Was Said ? “ model. This method focuses on analyzing the external from of the news and linking it to its content,
relying on content analysis as a tool. The research community consists of (2023) publications on the Ministry of Commerce's website, which were selected through comprehensive sampling for the period from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023 A random sample consisted of 120 Publications. A content analysis form was developed to assess the interactivity on the Ministry of Commerce's website concerning the food basket topic. In light of this objective, several sub-goals were established, the most important of which is to identify the types of interactions emphasized on the Ministry of Commerce's website.
The researcher concluded that:
1- The level of interactivity on the Ministry of Commerce's website is good.
2- The interactivity available on the publications related to the food basket on the Ministry of Commerce's website.
3- Understanding the audience size on the Ministry of Commerce's website.

The study sought to identify the patterns adopted by Iraqi satellite channels during their presentation and coverage of topics related to educational issues specific to society and the values of the Iraqi family, and to determine the methods and elements employed by the channels during this coverage by adopting the Iraqi Kids Channel as a representative model. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach according to the content analysis method within the categories of what and how it was said, by applying a content analysis form designed specifically for this purpose on a sample of (24) episodes of the Iraqi Kids Channel programs. The study concluded that the influence and persuasion pattern is the most common treatment pattern employed by those responsible for editing programs that contain content specific to the values of the Iraqi family in the channel, and the representation method is the most commonly employed in the station. The study recommended working on diversifying the media treatment patterns through which educational issues related to the systems and values of the Iraqi family are covered.

In light of the economic challenges facing Iraq and the need to promote strong investment to achieve development, and the media, especially electronic newspapers, are gaining increasing and effective importance in promoting investment opportunities considering investor confidence, this research aims to shed light on the advertising methods in Iraqi electronic newspaper websites towards investment in Iraq and its reflection on investor trends, for example, in analyzing the websites of (al sabah, al zaman, al mada newspapers) for the period (10/1/2023 12/31/2023)

TV series have attractive elements that have the ability to capture the audience's attention. They are an important means of conveying ideas and presenting societal values and customs that are deeply reflected upon the audience, which contributes to the formation of trends by presenting stories about societal issues that interest the audience and touch their lives, which prompts them to interact with them and adopt their ideas. They also contribute to changing public attitudes towards certain problems, which makes them an influential social and cultural tool in raising public awareness.
According to the above, the research problem was represented by several questions, the most prominent of which is the following question: (What are the most prominent elements of attraction in Iraqi television series and their impact on audience trends?) To answer such questions, several objectives were set for the research in order to reach solid scientific conclusions, which are an attempt to (reveal the elements of attraction in the production of television series that motivate the audience to watch them, and determine the extent to which television series contribute to modifying or changing audience behaviors).
This research is a descriptive one that relied on the survey method. The field research sample was represented by the audience of the city of Baghdad/the center. Its sample amounted to (450) researched persons from the audience of the center of Baghdad. It was also represented by using the questionnaire.
The most important results reached by the research, according to field research, are: (The story topped the rest of the other categories related to the considerations that attract the researched persons to watch a specific TV series, rather than others, and affect their choices. This result reflects the fact that the story plays a decisive role in attracting the Iraqi audience to watch a specific TV series. The first hypothesis was also proven correct, that there is a correlation between the inculcation of attitudes and behaviors in the audience by television series, concerning social figures, and the level of viewing by the Iraqi audience.

The problem of this research was summarized in identifying the moral values in Ramadan TV series. This research sought to answer several questions, most notably: What are the moral values that the series "Poisonous Honey" and "A Single Wife Is Not Enough" focused on? What are the methods of addressing the content of values in the series "Poisonous Honey" and "A Single Wife Is Not Enough"? What is the gender of the dramatic characters that present the values, whether negative or positive, in the series "Poisonous Honey" and "A Single Wife Is Not Enough"? What are the behaviors that the series "Poisonous Honey" and "A Single Wife Is Not Enough" focused on? The aim of this research was to identify the moral values that the series "Poisonous Honey" and "A Single Wife Is Not Enough" focused on. To reveal the methods of addressing the content of values in the series "Poisonous Honey" and "A Single Wife Is Not Enough". Identifying the gender of the dramatic characters who present negative or positive values in the series "Poisonous Honey" and "One Wife Is Not Enough". Revealing the behaviors that the series "Poisonous Honey" and "One Wife Is Not Enough" focused on. The research reached a number of results, the most prominent of which are the following:1) The series "Poisonous Honey" shows a greater focus on male characters in presenting negative values, as it recorded (283) repetitions at a rate of (35.5%) compared to (288) repetitions at a rate of (34%) in "One Wife Is Not Enough". On the other hand, "Poisonous Honey" also shows a greater focus on positive values in male characters at a rate of (15.7%) compared to (8.5%) in "One Wife Is Not Enough". As for females, the series "One Wife Is Not Enough" achieved a higher rate in presenting positive values at a rate of (26.7%) compared to (22.6%) in "Poisonous Honey", while women in the latter series showed negative values at a rate of (26.2%) compared to (30.8%) in the second series. 2. The series “Poisonous Honey” relied more on dialogue (54.9%) to convey values, while in the series “One Wife Is Not Enough” the percentage was lower (45.6%), reflecting a greater reliance on a mix of dialogue and actions (41.6%) compared to “Poisonous Honey” (30%). Both series also relied less on actions alone, with “Poisonous Honey” at (15.1%) and “One Wife Is Not Enough” at (12.8%). 3. It is clear that both series focused mainly on negative moral values such as lying, deception, greed and moral corruption to develop dramatic conflicts, with a clear marginalization of positive moral values such as honesty, which recorded limited percentages (10.8% in “Poisonous Honey” and 10% in “One Wife Is Not Enough”). This approach reflects a negative impact on the audience and reduces the promotion of positive behaviors.

Community policing in Iraq represents an attempt to establish legal frameworks to address family issues that emerged after the fall of the regime. Community policing appeared in Iraq in 2008, and the researcher chose this topic due to her work in community policing. The research problem seeks to understand how the public perceives the work of community policing, and one of the main objectives is to identify the sources of public information about community policing and the extent of their confidence in its credibility. The researcher selected a purposive, stratified, non-probability sample of 450 respondents in Baghdad, based on a margin of error calculation which was 4%, a scientifically acceptable percentage. Baghdad was chosen as it is the centre of political and security decision-making and significantly represents Iraqi society. 16% of the sample rely on social media as their source of information for community policing, while 72% of the sample believe that community policing is honest in its work..

This research deals with planning the criminalization policy in light of the balance between material utilitarian standards and moral standards that govern actions. This research presented the traditional planning of the political axis of the criminalization policy in light of the philosophy of balance between the utilitarian and moral doctrine. The subject of the traditional criminalization policy included crimes affecting the external and internal security of the state. This research also addressed the contemporary planning of the political axis of the criminalization policy in light of the philosophy of balance between utilitarian and moral standards and considerations, in terms of presenting this balance in electoral crimes, political party crimes, and criminalization. Normalization with the Zionist entity.

Administrative conflict is one of the vital topics in legal systems, as it deals with disputes that arise between individuals and administrative authorities or between administrative authorities themselves. In Iraq, there are governing controls aimed at regulating these disputes and ensuring that they are resolved in a fair and effective manner. Iraqi laws define clear and specific procedures for litigation before administrative courts, which ensures the organization of the conduct of the case and the rights of the conflicting parties and regulated by the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 in force in Article 101 establishing the State Council.

Constitutional amendment is one of the important means to bridge the gap between the constitutional text and practical reality as a result of the development of human life and the change in the concepts of society, in addition to the necessity of addressing the shortcomings in its texts in dealing with topics that were not in the mind of the constitutional legislator at the time of writing, formulating and founding it. There had to be a constitutional gap through which its texts could be accessed to amend them, and from here the idea of amending the texts of the constitution, which are characterized by superiority and transcendence, was born. The Iraqi Constitution of 2005 represents one of the most important constitutions of modern Governance systems that adopted the principles of democracy and human rights in establishing the authorities of the modern Iraqi state. It was very important to Highlight the constitutional concepts it includes, the paths of its amendment, and to present the challenges facing the amendment process. The descriptive approach was used to reach the goal of the research, which was divided into two sections. The first was devoted to presenting the concept of constitutional amendment. The second section discussed the paths of amending the 2005 Constitution and highlighted the most important challenges facing the amendment procedures, concluding with a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which is the need to address the obstacles to amendment in a manner consistent with the democratic system of government.

The judicial dispute ends objectively by the defendant’s acknowledgment of the claimed right, as the defendant’s acknowledgment of the claimed right is considered a means that is free from doubt or weakness and is considered the master of evidence, in addition to the fact that a person does not acknowledge anything about himself unless he is honest. Given the role played by acknowledging the right and submitting to the plaintiff’s requests in ending the judicial dispute without issuing a ruling, most legislations have granted the defendant’s will a role in ending the judicial dispute by acknowledgment. The role of acknowledgment in ending the judicial dispute is not limited to when the dispute is before the judiciary in a lawsuit filed to claim this right, but the dispute also ends even if the acknowledgment is outside the judiciary

here is no doubt that legislative drafting is the voice that conveys the essence of legal texts. The success or failure of a legal text largely depends on the effectiveness of its drafting. For this reason, developed countries prioritize providing the necessary elements for quality legislative drafting, recognizing its value and its crucial role in enhancing the standard of their legislation. These countries have reached a practical and confirmed realization: good legislative drafting is the natural result of a set of essential components, whose stages cannot be fully realized without the integration of these components' aspects.
These components include those related to the drafter (the artist who formulates the essence of the legal text into clear and precise expressions and skillfully refines and crafts it in terms of wording and meaning). The drafter must possess knowledge and expertise in the branches of law in general and, more specifically, in the branch of law they are drafting texts for. In addition, the drafter should have a general cultural awareness of some disciplines related to law, most notably linguistics, which serves as the brush and ink used in drafting. Other components include all the material and moral tools available to assist the drafter in achieving the desired quality of legislative drafting.

Confronting cybercrime requires an integrated and comprehensive international effort that includes developing laws, enhancing cooperation, and investing in building technical and legal capabilities. Although the road is long and complex, formulating sustainable legal solutions will contribute to protecting international security and ensuring justice for all parties affected by these crimes. Achieving a balance between protecting privacy and national sovereignty on the one hand, and enhancing global cybersecurity on the other hand, remains the greatest challenge that the international community must face with wisdom and precision.

Countries face multiple legal challenges when enforcing foreign commercial arbitration awards, raising questions about the effectiveness of enforcement systems in this area. One of the main challenges is the disparity between legal systems, as some countries may refuse to recognize or enforce an arbitration award issued in another country, especially if the award contradicts local laws or the public policy of the country resisting it. Other legal challenges involve objections raised by the losing party in arbitration, such as appealing the enforcement of the award on the grounds of procedural violations or violations of the party’s fundamental rights. In this regard, the 1958 New York Convention, which governs the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards, is one of the most important legal instruments aimed at minimizing these challenges, as it encourages countries to adopt a unified mechanism for enforcing these awards.
However, some countries still adopt cautious stances towards enforcing foreign arbitration awards, contributing to the existence of legal and practical difficulties. Additionally, parties seeking to enforce arbitration awards in different countries face bureaucratic challenges, related to complex legal procedures that may lead to delays or, in some cases, a refusal to enforce the award.
The research problem lies in how to enforce judgments issued by foreign courts, particularly in light of the challenges posed by national sovereignty, where the effects of a country's judgments do not extend to other territories. This involves the legal aspects related to the conditions that must be met for the enforcement of these judgments and the recognition of foreign judgments by states. The aim of the research is to shed light on the concept of foreign judgments and the conditions for their enforcement, to study the procedures that must be followed to enforce foreign judgments, to analyze the challenges that may arise in enforcing foreign judgments, and to review international agreements that facilitate the enforcement of judgments between states. As for the research findings, we concluded that foreign judgments must be final and binding (a judgment that cannot be appealed), and that several conditions must be met for their enforcement, such as reciprocity between states and ensuring that the judgment does not conflict with public order or national rulings. National and international legislations need to be developed to simplify procedures and resolve obstacles, such as conflicting judgments or appeals against foreign judgments. Additionally, international agreements play a significant role in facilitating the enforcement of judgments by harmonizing procedures between contracting states.

Impediments to criminal liability, These are the reasons that hinder the actor, affecting his will, making it defective due to coercion, eliminating it due to insanity, or diminishing it due to childhood, It makes him ineligible to bear criminal responsibility, It is what affects the will or consciousness, such as insanity, drugs, or young age, or what affects the will, such as coercion and necessity.
. Thus, the impediments to criminal liability can be limited to cases in which the will is devoid of legal value, The Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969 stipulates the barriers to criminal liability exclusively in Articles 60-65

According to the sixth paragraph of Article 93 of the 2005 Constitution the Federal Supreme Court exercises the authority to adjudicate on accusations brought against members of the executive authority by the Council of Representatives. It is noteworthy that these constitutional provisions raise numerous issues, the most important of which is the impossibility of applying these provisions, which necessitates highlighting this aspect and providing solutions that are compatible with reality. In addition to the issue of the distribution of the authority to dismiss the President of the Republic between the legislative authority represented by the Council of Representatives and the constitutional judiciary represented by the Federal Supreme Court, and then returning the matter again to the Council of Representatives to make the final decision, there is also ambiguity surrounding the mechanism through which the aforementioned category is held accountable, especially in light of the multiplicity of authorities on the one hand and the absence of a law that clarifies the mechanism on the other.

The digital environment imposed itself on the spaces of human life with its various variations, and became a necessity of knowledge necessities and one of its channels until digital literacy entered a term inherent to individuals and groups far from it. Based with this need for digital culture and e-learning in the institutions of administration, development, economics, and education at all levels in the world, there are challenges facing these institutions, particularly the institutions of higher education. If the discussions focus today on the advantages of this type of education, it does not give sufficient attention to its disadvantages in the foreseeable future from one side and to the obstacles that accompany it. Hence, this study tries to identify the most prominent of these challenges by analysis and examination, while providing the necessary proposals for its success in light of the available capabilities In a higher education environment

Acknowledgment is considered one of the most important means of proof in Islamic law and man-made laws. This importance is evident as it is considered one of the strongest proofs of evidence as it contributes to resolving the dispute .presented before the court .It is a complete argument in proving the claimed right and does not need other evidence to support it when it is issued in compliance with the legal and legal conditions This legitimacy has been proven in the Holy Qur‘an and the Sunnah of the prophet as evidence and based on the importance of acknowledgment in proving rights , it has been addressed in statutory laws , including the amended Iraqi evidence law no (107) of 1979. It has provided evidence of proof, including acknowledgment , and to know the mechanism of the Iraqi legislator‘s regulation of acknowledgment and compare it with Islamic jurisprudence .This research which bears the little of the jurisprudential and legal provisions for approval , was divided into two sections . the first deals with clarifying the meaning of linguistic and terminological approval, its legal and legal conditions , and its pillars . the second section is devoted to clarifying its jurisprudential and legal provisions and its implications in Islamic jurisprudence and Iraqi positive.

The formula adopted in the text of Article 3, paragraph 3, of the Arab Charter on Human Rights represented a dilemma related to the issue of agreement on the international values on which the rules of human rights and basic freedoms are based. The Charter embodies the Arab specificity with its Islamic character, especially in matters of personal status that are regulated by Arab laws derived in their entirety from Islamic law based on the principle of relative or functional discrimination between men and women, on the one hand. It is an extension of the relevant international documents, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the supreme international reference for women’s issues, which aims to achieve absolute equality between men and women and the serious consequences of its application on the social and cultural patterns of men and women, by changing the innate role of each of them, on the other hand. This may raise a wide debate about the aforementioned text related to the concept of “positive discrimination” contained in contradictory sources in terms of goal and means within the framework of Islamic law and other laws and within the framework of the CEDAW Agreement. In light of the absence of a party to resort to when a legal dispute arises regarding any text of the Charter, this study attempted.

The research talks about the treaties concluded by the Republic of Iraq after 2003, the most prominent of which was the United Nations Convention against Corruption, which Iraq joined in order to strive to combat the corruption rampant in all aspects of the state, in order to provide Iraq with all the expertise and developments in order to combat corruption, as well as the Stand-By Agreement concluded with the United States of America in 2008 in order to organize the withdrawal of American military forces to the last soldier, since the presence of American forces is considered a continuation of the occupation of Iraq. These agreements are considered the most important agreements concluded by Iraq after 2003 and the formation of the new government.

Judicial supervision is a legal procedure carried out by a judge who has legal competence, extensive experience and academic qualifications that enable him to carry out any judicial procedure. Therefore, he must be aware of all the procedures for proceeding with the case from its referral to the collection of judicial fees until the issuance of the final judgment. Judicial supervision in the civil case begins from the time of payment of judicial fees until the issuance of the judgment in the case, That is, he is present at all stages of the civil suit, from its inception until the filing of the suit petition and the data and documents attached to it. The judge’s supervisory role also appears in some of the conditions for accepting the suit, and continues after the suit is filed when submitting requests and defenses, and any circumstances that may arise regarding it.

The idea of inequality in the principles of criminalization and punishment is of great importance, and the importance of studying this topic highlights the importance of equality in the criminal law itself, so we can imagine cases of inequality in the principles of criminalization and punishment and the resulting rampant discrimination and inequality in criminal rules, which leads to the injustice of individuals due to differences in sentences and penalties.
This study examines the theoretical foundations of criminal law, focusing on principles that are supposed to ensure justice and fairness such as legality, proportionality and equality before the law, and despite these principles, practical applications often reveal significant contradictions influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, political power, race, and gender. The research analyzes case studies from different legal systems to illustrate how certain groups are disproportionately targeted or punished, and addresses the role of legislative frameworks, judicial discretion, and systemic biases that contribute to the persistence of these disparities.

Iraqi-Russian relations are distinguished by their antiquity, especially economic, commercial, political and military ties, dating back to the nineteenth century. Levels of cooperation have ranged between convergence and divergence according to the political systems that Iraq has experienced, in addition to the important role of Iran and the tripartite relations between Iraq and Russia on the one hand, and the Iraqi-Iranian relations or Iran's relations with Russia. With the US occupation of Iraq, the region underwent political and military changes, and Iraqi-Russian relations had a major impact on US hegemony over Iraq, both negatively and positively, especially since Russia has economic, political and military capabilities

The phenomenon of growth of far right movement and parties has throughout Europe, ingenered western lebral democracies, he called it the fourth wave of far-right politics, these parties have become a major factor in European politics for several reasons, including its widespread in most of that country, if found social acceptance for idea craft and its speeches and proposals in European policy standards, likewise, transformations due to crises such as the economic ctisis, the migrant crisis, and the covid-2019 pandemic and Russian-Ukrainian war, in this content, far-right parties represent apolitical alternative to traditional parties they appos the defense of traditional values and ways of living, and the promotion of ethnically, religiously and culturally homogeneous societies, this research focuses on the political performance of far-right parties and its impact on the institutional structure within the European union countries and the impact of the rise of these parties on the political scene by following the path of these parties within the framework of political participation and the nature of party competition, especially since the terrorist events that the European continent was exposed to in the past period contributed to creating on in cubating environment for those parties.
The research concluded with a number of results, the most important of which is that the far right parties were able to continue their approach by exploiting the wrong conditions of traditional power policies, especially after their progress in the electoral cycles in June 2024. Thus, they will present themselves as forces defending the citizen, European society and civil and political rights by glorifying racist policies and separating segments of society.

The history of humanity has many changes between countries and protest movements that aim to change, influence, or put pressure on political systems, regardless of their type. This aims to improve social, political, economic, cultural and environmental rights that have been marginalized and impoverished, and social congestion exacerbated and the spread of crimes and economic and financial corruption due to the control of the ruling minority or a group of stakeholders over wealth and tools of social oppression.
The problem of the study stems from the fact that in light of the continuing social and economic problems and the worsening state of instability in the region, there are significant differences between the roles that protest movements can play, and the importance of this study emerges from understanding the impact of the political movement on stability in Jordan. Internal and external challenges are among the factors affecting the increasing role of protest movements in the country.
This study aimed to understand what the protest movement is, its classifications, and what its main characteristics are, in addition to understanding what political stability is and its importance for Tunisia. A fundamental question emerges from the research problem: Were the protest movements able to achieve their demands while the opportunity is still available to achieve security and stability political?
The study was divided into two sections. The first section will address the concept of protest movements and political transformations, while the second section will address the protest movement in Tunisia.
At the end of conducting this study, we can conclude objectively and creatively that the basic idea is to combine the revolutionary path and the constitutional path in shaping the political pattern in Tunisia, determining its priorities, and preferring some options over others. This interaction between the two factors contributed to the continuity of the state and at the same time allowed the transition from spontaneous and informal revolution to other forms that gained legal legitimacy and consensus.
The constitutional path to the process of political change and democratic transition in Tunisia contributed to securing this transition and adapting it as a path to get rid of tyranny in accordance with the requirements of national reconciliation, and helped achieve a democratic political formula that guarantees a smooth and peaceful democratic transfer of power. This is the most clear and prominent element in the Tunisian political path.

The title represents the fruit of the writer's creative effort in the various specializations he tends to. At the same time that the cover forms an attractive visual theme for the reader, the title plays its role as a visual formation that explodes the semantic frameworks of meaning. Which contributes to enriching the poetic formation, leading the text to the gaps in writing, which are manifested in multiple titles according to the vision of its creator. Hence, this study came to stop at the aesthetic boundaries that the critic adopted as a criterion in detailing his reading of the title in the collection "Eraser of Perfume" by Mohammed Al-Amiri. Seeking the steps of beauty through the harmony between art and literature in this artistic experience, embodying his critical awareness in several formations that focused on the types of titles he has, which are all details related to the essence of the creative process that governs public taste in constructing texts.

The article describes the problem of child labor, which is one of the dangerous global phenomena that has spread widely and significantly in societies for several reasons, as it has become an international issue and an intractable problem facing Iraqi society, and this fact is the main motive for studying the main causes of this phenomenon, and identifying the most prominent risks facing working children and the resulting effects, and developing treatments and mechanisms to protect children in Iraq.

These interests stem from contributors to the pursuit of research on the subject of total quality management in educational institutions, which is the modern topics to all parts, the aim of which is to reach the heads of industry in the senior management of these educational institutions, and it is worth mentioning the converter to link administrative theories with the applied scientific reality, scientific expansion and technological explosion and social pressures on institutions and their higher authorities, and the low level of education and its quality, which has become a concern for us to develop a specific plan to improve its quality in the year, including. Enable it to compete with the global market, and the necessity of adopting the philosophy of total quality in various educational organizations A group of modern administrative concepts in which there is a system through which various differences are made to satisfy the skills of learners and customers to provide educational and research services with high-quality specifications.

The science of embellishments means the study of the beauties and refinements of speech, taking into account the exigency of the situation, clarity of meaning, and avoidance of ambiguity. The end of beauty and quality is when it comes freely from the mind without artificiality or affectation. It received the attention of ancient Arab critics, beginning with Al-Jahidh and ending with later centuries of critical studies. Ancient Arab critics agree that embellishments was known in ancient times among poets, and in the Holy Qur’an and the noble Prophetic speech, but the moderns were passionate about embellishments and it became abundant in their poetry until it was attributed to them. In the beginning, critics mentioned some of the arts of rhetoric, such as metaphor and metonymy with embellishments. This is due to the fact that the sciences of rhetoric (eloquence, semantics, and embellishments) had not yet been divided and that the boundaries between them had not been made clear as was the case in critical studies after the fourth century AH. The researcher stopped until the fifth century AH, which is what the place allows. This is because the discussion goes on for a long time with the efforts of our ancient Arab critics and their many divisions and branches of embellishments knowledge, due to the poets’ orientation towards craftsmanship and the ornamentation of speech until embellishments divisions exceeded one hundred improved and wonderful ones.

Teresa Fitzpatrick presents a connection between oppressed women and the plant of Wisteria in gothic fiction in her article “Wisteria: A Female Eco-Gothic Metaphor in American Fiction Through the Ages.” The connection between women and nature is common in literature as women are usually compared to the beauty or ferocity of flowers, rivers, or natural phenomena in general. The connection extends to the architecture and sort of plants that appear in gothic literature. Gothic novels have routinely been connected to the secrets and life stories of women who cannot have the liberty to live or share them outside their homes. A fearful house with a prisoned person, ghost, or a secret is mostly normally found in gothic writing. Women have excelled in writing this sort of fiction. This paper is a review of Teresa Fitzpatrick’s article, which presents an analysis of a number of pieces of American fiction that contain references to wisteria along with the representation of women who are imprisoned within their homes. The review depends on the methods of summarizing, comparing, and concluding to state the difference between this article and the previous studies. The study concludes with the result that the writer Fitzpatrick has done a comprehensive analysis of the link between the fate of women and nature in gothic fiction. However, further studies can be conducted on the subject to include the link between women and their surrounding structures, homes, and buildings to understand the shared fate between women and the space they occupy.