Al.Qadisiyah journal for the Sciences of Physical Education

Abstract
The research aims to prepare a measure of motivation for sports activities, prepare a measure of psychological confidence for middle school students, and find out the relationship between motivation for sports activities and psychological confidence. The purpose of the research was to achieve psychological and emotional balance for middle school students by controlling and directing them to positive behaviors and giving them positive psychological confidence through... A group of exercises designated for them, whether individual or group. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the problem and requirements of the research. The research community consisted of (2000) students representing Hilla Preparatory School for Boys. The main experiment was applied to the research sample of (600) students, divided into three stages, each stage having (200) students. The results that emerged were presented and the raw data obtained from the metrics used were processed through the use of statistical methods, and the results were analyzed and discussed. The researcher concluded several conclusions, including that there is a positive relationship between motivation for sports activities and psychological confidence among middle school students. The researcher recommended several recommendations,

Abstract
The research aims to identify the effectiveness of a counseling program in improving the psychological immunity of applicants in the game of shooting with air weapons (pistol, rifle). The problem of the research crystallized in that it was observed that some psychological conditions appear, such as irritability, tension, anxiety, insomnia, and other things, which have a negative impact on immunity. Psychological. The researcher used the experimental method using a single sample method. The research sample amounted to (12) players. In light of the results achieved from the measurement process, the cognitive-behavioral counseling program was built according to the player’s psychological needs and their priorities were determined in (14) sessions. The data was processed using the bag. SPSS statistics, and the results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurement in favor of the post-measurement of the research variable (psychological immunity)
The structured guidance program is effective in improving psychological immunity.

Abstract
The research aims to: identify the effect of using educational packages programmed with the group competition method in learning some basic volleyball skills and the best learning method for the two research groups. The researcher adopted the experimental method to suit the nature of the research. The research community is the second-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year 2023-2024. They are four groups. The research sample consisted of two sections (B, C) with a total of (54) students after the researcher removed the students practicing the game who failed. The exploratory experiment sample consisted of ten students from outside the research sample and from the original research community. The research sample was divided into two groups, each group had (27) students. The researcher worked on homogeneity and equality to reduce the differences between the two groups. The experimental group used the programmed educational packages using the group competition method, while the control group used the imperative method followed by the subject teacher. The educational curriculum continued for eight weeks, with two educational units per week and a time of 90 minutes for each unit. The researcher processed the initial data statistically using the statistical bag (spss).
The researcher reached the following conclusions:
1-Using the programmed educational packages using the group competition method was more effective.
2- Using the American style was effective but to a lesser degree

Abstract
The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using the micro-learning method in learning basic skills and swimming 25 m freestyle for the gifted, where one of the modern learning methods was used to learn swimming skills, where the experimental method (control and experimental), and the research was conducted on a sample of (12) swimmers aged 8-10 years, who were randomly selected from among the swimmers of the National Center for the Care of Sports Talent. (12) swimmers were selected after (2) for the exploratory experiment and the rest were divided into two groups, control and experimental (6) for each group, the experimental group used the micro-learning method and the other the traditional method as a group for such learning, and the results indicated the presence of statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests for both groups, but in favor of the group that used micro-learning. The results were clear in the skills of the post-tests in the variable of floating on the abdomen and sliding forward on the abdomen in favor of the experimental group Which used the micro-learning method in the traditional follower group to the control group, indicating that the use of the micro-learning method is more effective than the traditional method used in acquiring the basic skills of crawling on .the stomach, sliding on the stomach and completing 25 m freestyle.

Abstract
the aim of the current research is to know the effect of the blended learning strategy on learning the skills of handling and scoring in handball handball skills among first-stage students, Department of Physical Education, College of Basic Education. The research problem lies in that handball is a group sport characterized by its multiple and interconnected skills. The researcher found that there is Variation in the level of skill performance of defensive skills in handball. If he is not able to perform the defensive skills, it will affect his level and thus weaken the defensive side of the students. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the experimental of (40) students distributed into two groups. The experimental group consisted of (20)(a)student method to suit the.blanded learning The research was applied to a sample consisting students and learned using the educational stations strategy. The control group consisted of (20) students (c) who learned in the traditional method and the two groups were subjected to Skill tests were applied after verifying the scientific foundations for their application, including validity, consistency, and objectivity. The blanded learning was applied using the educational stations strategy, and the results demonstrated the superiority of the experimental group that learned using the proposed blanded learning with the educational stations strategy over the control group that learned in the traditional way. In light of the results reached by the researcher, she recommended With a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of using the blanded learning using the educational stations strategy to learn some defensive skills in other sports.

Abstract
Many advanced handball countries are making continuous efforts to prepare players at early stages of their sports life, and the junior category is one of the important age groups that must be taken care of and developed using various means of training and learning, to develop the player's physical and skill capabilities. As for the research problem, and since the researchers are teachers in this field of handball, it was noted that learning and training handball in specialized training schools, the trainers focus in their educational and training units on the physical and skill aspects separately, each one separately, and thus do not give enough time for learning and training. Therefore, the researchers decided to prepare an educational curriculum using complex exercises (physical-skill) in order to integrate learning and physical and skill training as one unit, and through this integration, agility and shooting accuracy are developed among junior handball players. The research sample was represented by the researcher who deliberately selected the research community, which is the players of the specialized handball school in Maysan for the junior category, whose ages range from (14-16 years) for the season (2023-2024) in handball, and their number was (39) players. The injured and absent players, whose number was (6) players, were excluded, in addition to excluding the goalkeepers, whose number was (4) players, in addition to excluding the players who underwent the exploratory experiment, whose number was (5) players, so that the research sample became (24) players, and they were divided by lottery into two groups, with (12) players for the experimental group and (12) players for the control group. As for the conclusions, the development of the agility and accuracy of shooting from above appeared among the players of the experimental group through the post-results. As for the recommendations, the researcher recommends the necessity of applying the complex educational exercises (physical - skill) prepare by the researcher for the different age groups

Abstract
The scientific method is the basis of access to high levels and the establishment of the rules of sports renaissance where the importance of scientific research in its ability to reach the results of a new scientific addition and increasingly important when it can be used in the scientific field to achieve a mathematical breakthrough aimed at increasing the effectiveness of performance and development to contribute to the upgrading level . The problem of research is that the skill of striking the straight front of the front tennis table tennis is one of the most proficient in scoring points if properly mastered, and often miss the player in the performance of this skill properly and may be due to inaccuracies in Incorrect timing or timing in skill performance or may be due to the lack of adequate fitness or lack of fitness elements in the player and in particular the element of "strength characteristic of speed" and therefore it is important to know the reason and try to find a suitable way to solve the problem and correct performance In the skill, until the flame By performing skill properly to help him progress and develop in this field. The aim of the against the table tennis players. The research hypotheses have a significant relationship research is to identify the relationship between the speed characteristic of the muscles of the upper limbs with the accuracy of the straight, straight-forward strike between the strength of the speed of the muscles of the upper limbs with the accuracy of the straight stroke in front of the table tennis players. The human field: the five table tennis players at Duhok Sports Club (5 players) 5/3/2024 - 7/6/2024 in the hall of the Duhok Sports Club table tennis.

The importance of the research lies in finding a way to help contribute effectively to improving and developing the level of performance of the skill of receiving money in building the ball based on the designed and manufactured device containing the ability of the specific skill to control and biomechanical angles. The study aimed to design and manufacture a mechanical device for the skill of receiving and transmitting in the space ball. For emerging players at the National Center for Sports Talent Management in Diwaniya And also to learn about the effect of the mechanical device in developing the skill of receiving the serve in volleyball for young players at the National Center for Nurturing Sports Talent in Diwaniyah.
The researcher used the experimental method by designing equal groups, and the researcher identified his research population as a group of junior volleyball players aged (14-16) years, numbering (40) junior players Of those affiliated with the National Center for Nurturing Sports Talent in Diwaniyah, after which the researcher selected the research sample from them by random method (lottery), as (20) players were selected from the research community, who represent (50%) of the original research community, to be divided later. Into two groups, each group includes (10) junior players. The researcher conducted homogeneity between members of one group and equality between the two groups. The researcher reached the most important conclusions, which are that the mechanical device has a positive impact in developing the skill of receiving the serve in volleyball for the emerging players of the National Center for Nurturing Sports Talent in Diwaniyah. The experimental group outperformed the control group in developing the skill of receiving the volleyball serve as a result of using the mechanical device for the arms.

The study aimed to: Constructing a test (STRE) and codifying it to measure special skill performance according to some of the basic skills of futsal players. Establishing special standards and levels for the test (STRE) to measure special skill performance according to some basic skills of futsal players.
The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey and correlational methods to achieve their agreement in achieving the research objectives. The research community included players from the departments of Al-Hamdaniya University participating in the university’s futsal championship for the academic year 2023-2024, and they numbered (100) players, with (10) players for each of the ten participating departments. As for the research sample, it was (96) players who were deliberately chosen to represent the research sample. This number represents (96%) of the research community.
The researcher also analyzed a number of futsal football matches to form a clear idea about designing the test to simulate, by the nature of his performance, the player’s performance during the match as much as possible to reflect the player’s capabilities during the match. A number of specialists in the field of measurement, evaluation and football were also consulted in a scientific interview to take their opinions into the design. The test was in its initial form, and the data was processed statistically using the statistical package (IBM Spss).
The researchers arrived at the following results:
1- The STRE test was built and codified to measure the specific skill performance according to some basic skills of futsal players.
2- Special standards and levels have been developed for the STRE test to measure special skill performance according to some basic skills of futsal players.

The significance of the present study lies in the diverse range of instructional approaches and methods employed to minimize disparities among learners. Consequently, the research aims to examine the effectiveness of cooperative learning as a pedagogical approach that places the learner at the center of the educational process, with the objective of assessing its impact on the learning process. The research problem lies in the use of traditional teaching methods that do not effectively promote learning. To address this issue, it was necessary to explore new methods that can disrupt the monotonous nature of motor skill learning. Cooperative learning emerged as a suitable approach to engage learners actively in educational tasks by forming groups that collaborate to achieve a high level of learning. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of cooperative learning compared to traditional learning in teaching basic offensive skills in football to middle school students. The objective was to determine the impact of using cooperative and traditional learning methods on the acquisition of these skills. The research posited two hypotheses: that there exist statistically significant disparities between the pre- and post-test results of the two research groups in instructing fundamental offensive techniques in football among middle school pupils. The research posited two hypotheses: firstly, that there exist statistically significant disparities between the pre- and post-test results of the two research groups in terms of instructing fundamental offensive abilities in football among middle school pupils. The researcher employed the experimental methodology, with the research methods included the identification of three specific talents for investigation, namely shooting on goal, running with the ball, and dribbling. Additionally, it served as an educational program. He employed statistical techniques to analyze the data for the search variables using the statistical software (SPSS-23) in order to validate the sentiment of the disparities. Upon analyzing the statistically derived data, one of the findings is the presence of statistically significant disparities between the pre- and post-tests in the two instructional approaches. This suggests that these methods have an impact on teaching fundamental offensive skills in football, albeit to different extents. The implementation of the cooperative learning approach significantly improved the proficiency in thoracic handling and handling from the Shooting, Dribbling, and Running off the ball. The study also suggested the utilization of cooperative approaches in secondary schools due to its efficacy for students in this age group. He advocated for instructors to employ cooperative learning strategies when teaching all topics, with particular emphasis on the physical education class.

Abstract
The main goal of sports training is to try to achieve integrated sports performance and achieve results in all sports competitions, including football, using the best scientific methods and means available. Since football is one of the sports disciplines that has begun to spread widely in various countries of the world, coaches and professionals in this specialty have begun to research About the best training methods and means that should form the basis for the necessary duties, which depend on the type of physical, technical and planning capabilities required for sports. Accordingly, the research objective was determined through:
1- Identify the effect of playing-style skill exercises in developing some basic skills for young football players.
2- Skill exercises in playing style have an impact in developing some basic skills for young football players.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed the following hypotheses:
1- There are significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests in some basic skills for the experimental group, in favor of the post-test.
2- There are significant differences between the results of the post-tests in some basic skills between the experimental and control groups, in favor of the experimental group.
The researcher used an experimental research approach with two groups, the control and experimental groups, and pre- and post-tests. The research sample consisted of (24) players from the Taji Sports Club in youth football, and the exploratory sample consisted of (6) players outside the research sample from the players of the Airways Club in youth football. The researcher worked To prepare a set of playing-style skill exercises that work to develop some basic skills in youth football, and the statistical package (SPSS) was used by the researcher for statistical treatments.