Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences

The research aims to identify the role played by the proactive sustainability strategy in accordance with the integration of Entreprunerail management and organizational Ambidextrous in the Electrical and Electronic Industries Company. It also sheds light on the integration of the entreprunerail management and Ambidextrous in achieving a proactive sustainability strategy in the Electrical and Electronic Industries Company as a community for research, based on the problem that the company suffers from weak administrative leaders as well as poor management of the company’s resources in addition to the intense competition by foreign companies in the Iraqi market. The research sample was from officials in the company for the purpose of applying the checklist that was prepared as a research method (case study) and the data was analyzed for the purpose of coming up with a set of results, The research reached the most important results, namely: the presence of a high gap for the dimension (strategic orientation) of the independent variable, entrepreneurial management, as well as the presence of a high gap for the dimension (proactive social sustainability) from the dependent variable of the proactive sustainability strategy.

The research aims to identify the extent of availability of Total quality management requirements and its contribution to achieving service quality in the researched organization in order to ensure high quality health services that satisfy patients. The research hypotheses were developed to achieve its objectives and directions. 30 questionnaires were distributed to workers at Salah al-Din General Hospital in Salah al-Din Governorate and were retrieved The main research hypotheses were fully tested using pattern analysis to distinguish the dimensions of the research according to their availability in the researched health organization and the (t) test to find out the extent of their contribution to achieving service quality. Service in the health organization, and based on the conclusions reached by the research, the researchers presented a set of proposals, the most important of which is that the researched organization should pay attention to the requirements of total quality management, as these requirements are necessary to achieve service quality and thus achieve customer satisfaction.

The study aimed to know the effect of Basel III agreement on the performance of Jordanian commercial banks. Using the descriptive analytical approach where the study used the Panel Data method. The researcher also relied on the fixed effect model including two independent variables, namely market risks and operational risks in addition to financial performance in Jordanian commercial banks as a dependent variable. The study community was represented by Jordanian and commercial banks Study (Jordan Bank and Arab International Bank) to achieve this goal, data for these variables affecting the financial performance of banks for the period (2008-2018) was analyzed as measured by the first model represented by the return on assets and the second model with return on ownership. The study reached the most important results, namely, the presence of an effect of the Basel III committee standards (market risks, operational risks) on the return on assets in Jordanian commercial banks, and the study. Also recommended a review of strengthening the current situation of managing and monitoring market risks and operating in banks Jordanian commercial activities in line with sound practices to manage these risks and work to measure and control them.

Through our current research, we aim to address two topics of great importance to all organizations, whether productive or service in the public or private sectors, as a tool for excellence and exclusivity from competitors if they are well invested, namely strategic creativity and time management. In order to detect deviations by adopting artificial neural networks, which are important tools for strategic innovation and identifying areas of deviations in the production process by addressing the planned and actual times and then seeking to seriously address them on scientific basis.
According to the above, the researchers sought to address these two variables by studying and analyzing the case in The Mosul Aswar company to determine the dimensions of strategic creativity in managing the time devoted to the performance of the production process to the fullest. In order to achieve the organization's goals and objectives in the shortest ways and the best performance by adopting artificial networks.
The research through the field-living approach reached many of the results used to provide a number of field conclusions, the most important of which helped the SPSS system management of the company to detect deviations in the management of time that occur in the production process of 0.007. Which is a very small deviation, and comes as a result of the creative outcome of the organization continuing in its field of specialization successfully. As well as the regulatory system shields the company from any breaches at work and makes it more secure through the full documentation of the specified times in the project and the ease of return to the periods The project easily brings the processors in its light simultaneously. In order to serve the company's directions and achieve its objectives. Which were used as an entry point to put forward a number of proposals and the implementation of them in order to serve the field of research and similar companies, the most important of which was the introduction of new technologies that contribute to the processes of development and creativity and reduce waste in the loss of working time.

The present study aimed to infer the role of the industrial Sector represented by the prices of the production of the industrial sector in both, the extractive and manufacturing industries, and electricity on the economic sustainable development in Jordan. Represented by the economic development as a rate of change in the real gross production, and the adding value from the local gross production as a percentage, and the per capita form that, calculated in Jordanian dinars. To define whether it could be predictable. That could be done though the syllogistic approach, and the gradual multiple regression analysis for the three independent changes on the three other related during the period between 2008 and 2019. There is a semantic significant effective role for the industrial economy represented by the extractive and manufacturing industries on the economic development as a rate of change in the real local gross production, and together they are stimulator sectors of the economic development rate during the coming period in Jordan. There is a semantic significant effective role for the industrial economy represented by the extractive and manufacturing industries to increase the add value of the local gross production as a percentage, and they are also stimulator sectors of the add value to the local gross production in Jordan for the coming period. There is a semantic significant effective role for the industrial economy represented by the manufacturing industries to increase the per capita of the local gross production in Jordanian dinars, and it's also a stimulator sector of the per capita of the local gross production in the coming period. There is no semantic significant effective role for electricity in the sustainable economic development in Jordan according to the studied changes in the recent research.
The study presented some suggestions to improve the work in the industrial economy to activate it role continuously in the sustainable economic development in Jordan.

Green hotel practices are one of the environmentally friendly initiatives that aim to remove the negative impact on the environment by rationalizing the use of energy and water, and disposing and reducing waste and solid waste. The research reached a set of results, including:
1. The hotels operating in the city of Erbil have not treated the wastewater and reused it to irrigate their gardens, thus leading to an increase in pollution in the water resources of Erbil Governorate.
2. The hotels operating in the city of Erbil did not use solar heaters, generate energy from wind, and use solar energy lamps, and thus lead to an increase in the use of electric energy and thus increase the costs of electricity wages on hotels and then increase the burden on hotel guests.
The research concluded by presenting a number of proposals, including:
1. It is imperative for the Environment Agency in the region to provide the necessary facilities for hotels with the aim of treating wastewater and reusing it to irrigate their gardens, using organic waste in hotels as materials for the production of organic fertilizer, and recycling paper waste in hotels.
2. The Ministry of Electricity must work to provide the necessary facilities for operating hotels in order to reduce the pressure on electric energy on the use of solar heaters, the generation of energy from wind, and the use of solar energy lamps.

The Research aims to know and measure the impact of Economic Reform Policies in attracting Foreign Direct Investment in the Iraqi Economy for the period (1990-2020). As most countries of the world compete to win in attracting foreign investment as much as possible, and Iraq is one of the countries that resorted to applying economic reform to influence the Performance of macroeconomic indicators and correcting its course, due to the inability of its local resources to fulfill the resources required by economic growth. The researcher indicates the existence of a long-term joint complementarity relationship between foreign direct investment flows on the one hand and the growth rate of GDP, the rate of exchange rate, net foreign trade, the rate of trade exchange, and the rate of inflation on the other hand. And the existence of a short-term moral equilibrium relationship between the variables of the model, and the most prominent proposals to develop more policies Effective for targeting inflation and maintaining exchange rate stability.

It is obvious that some of developing countries may have lack in their essential resources to cover their investment and then advances the economic development process; the reason could be due low average of per capita, further, decline in the rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and subsequently affect negatively the level of investment. This effect will lead to shortage in necessary fund allocated to the development process. This shortage will encourage the foreign investment to grow to finance the necessary activities in the domestic markets in both ways direct and indirect. After the dramatic changes in the year 2003, Iraq has faced radical shifting in its economy finance, this change was supported by many necessary laws, programs, and then establishing Iraqi stock exchange. Despite of steps adopted by the Iraqi legislators, the results were not up to the potential to attract both or either direct or indirect foreign investment.
The study objective is to explore the role of foreign indirect investment (portfolio investment) on Iraqi GDP for the period from 2009 to 2019. The study has employed standard analysis tools to test the relationship between foreign indirect investment and GDP. The study, therefore, found positive and significant relationship between the study variables i.e. indirect foreign investment & GDP in short term period.

Recently the study of the housing policies Increasing in the most of the countries in the world, including the Kurdistan region of Iraq, due to the government's objective according to the policy of the state and for the improvement of offering the appropriate houses for people especially from low-income families. So they started attaracting most attention of governments on this subject in terms of interest market of the housing to meet the needs of the population. In order to work on government policies to reduce the volatility in the housing market and the provision of suitable housing units for groups of society through support by real estate banks and provide the necessary land, the provision of infrastructure services, new residential neighborhoods. The multiplicity of demand for housing unit factors compared to the limited sources of supply and the limited role of government in the supply and demand sides, and the disruption in the residential market balance available and thus the emergence of the housing problem. This research has concluded that there is a deficit of housing in the city of Erbil, due to an increase in the number of households faster than the increase in the pace of housing units. The government intervened directly and indirectly, and through field survey results concluded that the age of the employers category of large families in the age category of staff were more beneficiaries than other groups and youth it was less benefit. Through the measurement and analysis of government policies it was reached that the best and most influential policy was the distribution of land to the society's policy.

The research aims to study and analyze the reality of the cultivation, production and productivity of the sugarcane crop in Iraq according to the data of serial years obtained from the official authorities in Iraq. As well as the aim of the research to measure the amount of the gap between the reality of production and consumption of sugar cane in Iraq. In addition to calculating the self-sufficiency rate of the sugarcane crop locally, and the research started from the hypothesis that the supply of sugarcane crop in Iraq suffers from deficit and is insufficient to meet the local demand, and thus the state resorts to importing it to compensate for the shortfall. The results of the stability of the time series showed that the dependent variable (Y) represents production and the independent variable (X) stabilized from the level with the presence of a breaker and a breaker and a time trend at a significant level (1%, 5% and 10%). The results of the research also indicated that there is a direct relationship between consumption and production of sugar, meaning that an increase in consumption by (1%) led to an increase in production by (0.34%). The study recommended subsidizing the prices of the sugarcane crop to motivate farmers to increase the cultivated areas of this crop, and thus to promote local production similar to that of the developed world.

The economic literature indicates that there is a reciprocal relationship between public expenditures and economic growth represented by the gross domestic product, and this is what Keynes and Wagner emphasized. In Iraq, public expenditures are one of the most important components of GDP. So the study tried to identify the nature of the relationship between the size Public expenditures and economic growth in Iraq through the use of the analytical method, and the study found that there is a positive relationship between public expenditures and economic growth represented by the GDP in Iraq for the period from 2004 to 2019.

This study deals with the impact of health spending in poorness, as it first deals with the relationship of health to poorness, and the most important channels of influence represented by poor families incurring expenses that exceed their ability to pay, and having to leave work due to illness, or to sell their productive assets to secure treatment expenses. Then, discusses the most important theoretical literature and previous studies on the impact of health spending on poorness. The study provides a detailed explanation about the standard methodology used, which is the cross-sectional analysis method for the averages of the values of the variables for the period 2000-2017, for a heterogeneous sample. The study relies on the least squares method in conducting poorness regression on spending on health and dependency ratio, the study presents the results of the standard analysis carried out on a sample of 93 developing countries. Which clearly show the importance of government health spending in alleviating poorness, and the study concludes with a set of conclusions and recommendations that focus on the importance of health expenditures, especially public expenditures, and calls for increased spending Government in the health sector.

Information and communication technology affects industrial activity in particular and economic activity in general, and the economy in today's world has become greatly influenced by information and communication technology. The research aims to identify the path of development of communications and information technology, and then determine the effect of that on industrial growth. Information and communication technology has an important role in the economy in general and the industrial sector in particular, but the extent of benefiting from this sector is limited and there is a clear vision of the extent of its contribution to industrial growth.
The results indicate the importance of providing access to the Internet and communications commensurate with improving services and maximizing the role of computers, communication networks and other infrastructure of the Internet due to its importance in all sectors and the industrial economy in particular. The engine for economic activities, and the benchmarks indicated that there was a positive and positive relationship for the impact of information and communication technology on the industrial growth of Finland, as the method of self-regression model for distributed time gaps (ARDL) was used.

This study aims to show the extent to which Iraq benefits from trade exchange between it and Turkey, and the study dealt with an analytical aspect about the nature of trade exchange in terms of Turkey's exports to Iraq and vice versa. As well as the rate of economic growth expressed in the gross domestic product, as well as identifying the degree of exposure of one of them to the other, and used the study on the standard side is the Autoregressive Distributed Deceleration (ARDL) model by the Eviwes12 program. The time-series stability was tested, the short and long-term relationship and the co-complementarity relationship tested between them, as well as the diagnostic tests for the standard model test. Turkey was limited to consumer goods that do not contribute to economic growth. As for Turkey’s imports from the Iraqi side, it was limited to one commodity, which is crude oil. The study recommended the necessity of rationalizing imports and directing them towards capital and intermediate goods that contribute to the development of commodity sectors and thus achieve the largest possible amount of Economic and social benefits.

In recent years the, world has witnessed tremendous changes on the economic, social and cultural levels. The development in the field of information and communication technology in the world has led to the emergence of the information economy in which information is a major and strategic resource. As the study aimed to measure the impact of information and communication technology on the service sector. This shows impact by changing the form and manner of providing services from its traditional form, which requires direct contact with the customer, to the electronic form this helped reduce costs and time in providing high-quality services and reaching a larger segment of customers in the sample country, Egypt. As the study used annual time-series data during the period (1990-2018). The availability of a favorable environment for the ICT sector and thus raising the added value of this sector and its impact on its increased contribution to the composition of GDP in Egypt , and to verify the validity of the hypothesis, the study relied on the analytical and descriptive approach in the theoretical side. As well as the method of quantitative analysis on the applied side, and building a standard model using Multiple linear regression. On the level of the sample countries, indicators that are closely related to the subject of the research indicated that there are distinct efforts by the sample countries to prepare the institutional frameworks for the information and communication technology sector such as information and communication technologies, the number of mobile phone subscribers, patents, and spending on research and development. The study reached a number of quantitative results, as it was found that there is a positive impact of information and communication technology on the service sector in Egypt. During the study period.

Commercial banks are the mainstay of the national economy through their role in financing various economic projects. They are the main engine of the economy, and commercial banks seek to follow a financial policy commensurate with the economic and political situation that the country is going through to achieve economic stability. The objectives of the research are embodied in the study and analysis of the most important financial indicators banking. As well as determining the appropriate model through the use of longitudinal data regression models, and the research demonstrated the existence of an inverse relationship between (liquidity) as an independent variable and (investment) as a dependent variable, and this reflects the negative impact of this variable on investments in commercial banks and their conformity with the economic theory. As well as the existence of a direct relationship between each from (profitability and safety) as independent variables and between investment The banking as a dependent variable. This reflects the positive impact of these indicators on investments in banks and thus their conformity with the economic theory. Among the most important recommendations made by the research is that banks conduct a feasibility study for all available investment areas and devise new investment methods with the aim of increasing revenues and reducing risks by diversifying the portfolio. Investment and move away from the traditional method of investment.

The issue of food security, with its economic, social and political dimensions, has become one of the most important issues that receive wide attention at all levels, and the issue of food security is considered one of the sensitive topics related to the agricultural sector, and it constitutes the most important goals of agricultural and food policy in all countries. The problem of the study is that all indicators point to the inability of Iraq to achieve food security and has become an importer of agricultural and food commodities despite its possession of all agricultural potentials and resources. From this standpoint, the current study aimed to study and diagnose Iraq's potentials in achieving food security and to indicate the size of the food gap in it by studying and analyzing its agricultural and food balance. The study stems from the hypothesis that the lack of interest in the agricultural sector exposes the Iraqi economy to the failure to achieve food security and the challenges facing agriculture and security food cannot be faced except through the adoption of sound economic and agricultural policies. The study used the descriptive approach to analyze the data provided to it for this purpose. One of the most important conclusions reached by the current study is that Iraq suffers from a food security problem, not because of the scarcity of resources, agricultural potential and the demographic factor, but rather because of poor planning, defects in agricultural policies, and misappropriation of resources and capabilities agricultural. Among the most important proposals of the study is that the government should provide serious and practical support to the agricultural sector with the various measures and means available to the state. And focus on supporting outputs instead of inputs, increasing the percentage of agricultural investment, and looking for factors leading to increasing its role as well as increasing its size.

The study aimed to estimate the optimal size of the company and its impact on the financial performance indicators of the companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, as the optimum size of the companies was measured using a production function, which is the Cob Douglas function, and the unbalanced data model was also used. Which combines cross sections and time series, based on annual data that included (57) companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period from 2010 to 2019.
The study found that there are companies that have achieved levels very close to the optimum size. As for the effect of the optimal size of the company on market indicators, the study found that there is a significant positive effect of the optimal size of the company on the market value and the number of shares traded.

Foreign trade is one of the most important pillars in the development process and its development role has multiple implications, including environmental. Based on the sustainable development goals, known as transforming our world (Sustainable Development Agenda: 2030), it includes the eighth goal of sustainable development (establishing a global partnership for development), Therefore, foreign trade should be viewed as goals within the eighth goal, to establish a global partnership for development. As for Goal (17), the set of objectives for foreign trade include the promotion of a global, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system within the framework of an organization. Global trade, the research aims to find out the effects of foreign trade on environmental development in developed countries for a selected sample (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, France, and Denmark) for the short and long term. Did foreign trade contribute to achieving environmental development as a goal from the sustainable development goals in these countries for the period (1990-2019). The research reached its standard aspect after studying the dormancy of the time series. Cointegration methodology using the self-regression model of lagging gaps (PANEL-ARDL-PMG) model. The results showed for the long-term relationship: that the relationship is positive between the dependent variable average per capita emissions of carbon dioxide (tons per capita) - Y) with each of the independent variables (total exports, commodity concentration of exports), and an increase in them by (1%), this leads to an increase of (1.290%) and (0.753%) respectively. The inverse relationship between the dependent variable with each of the independent variables (Total imports, trade openness), and an increase in them by (1%), this leads to a decrease in rates (-1.256%) and (-0.505%) respectively. As for the short-term relationship, the inverse relationship to the dependent variable showed the average per capita share of carbon dioxide emissions (tons per capita) in the current year (t) and the following year (t-1) in the short term. An increase in it by (1%) in this year, this leads to a decrease in the following year by (t) (-0.317%), meaning that the variable affects itself in the short term, and the relationship is inversely related to (total exports, trade openness). Re), but it is not moral, and the opposite and significant relationship with the commodity concentration of exports, and an increase in it by (1%), this leads to a decrease by (-0.411%), and the positive and moral relationship with the total imports, and the increase in total imports by (1%) This leads to an increase in the average per capita carbon emissions (tons per capita) by (0.558%). The research recommended: The need to increase spending on research, development, modern technology and innovation and exchange them with other countries in the field of sustainability and resource conservation, work to spread environmental awareness, exchange experiences and information among developing countries, monitor and follow up activities polluting the environment, and the need to work in developing countries to pursue an economic and trade policy that works on observing environmental conditions and monitoring increases in pollution rates.

The study aims for analyze the trends of both the public Budget and sustainable human development, and to measure the impact of the general budget on sustainable human development in Iraq during the study period by using the Self-Regression Model with Distributed Slowdown Periods (ARDL). The study found a positive and moral relationship between public expenditures and the human development index, between spending on health and the human development index, between spending on education and the human development index, and between the average per capita gross domestic product and the human development index in the short term. Either in the long term, so there is a positive and moral relationship between public expenditures and the human development index, and between spending on health and the human development index. While there is an inverse and moral relationship between spending on education and the human development index, and between average per capita gross domestic product and the human development index. The study suggested the necessity and increase government spending on the health and education sectors in Iraq, especially investment expenditures, and give spending on these sectors a priority in the ladder of public expenditures, and increase the average per capita gross domestic product in Iraq by increasing the domestic product the total. As well as through increased government interest in low-income people and those who have no income.

The importance of the subject in assessing the impact of sudden oil shocks over decades since the beginning of the seventies of the twentieth century until now was the motivation in choosing it. And it is natural that when oil prices are low, this will be reflected in the government's financial decisions, that the research problem revolves around dependence on oil revenues. Basically, to finance the government budget in Saudi Arabia, which raises the following question: The extent to which these countries can absorb these oil shocks and contain them through an appropriate fiscal policy. The research relied on the hypothesis that there is a tendency for the relationship between oil shocks in crude oil prices on the one hand and between government budget decisions and their financial conditions on the other hand, and this relationship is a direct relationship of influence. One of the main objectives of the research is to measure the impact of oil shocks on the government budget in Saudi Arabia for the period 1990-2019, and their role in creating financial conditions such as surpluses or deficits in these government budgets. The research relied on the analytical method in proving its hypothesis to show the trends of these shocks. The research found a set of results, including that oil prices have a direct and moral effect on public spending, which means that an increase in oil prices by one unit leads to an increase in public spending by (943.87) million dollars at a significant level (5%). Accordingly, the research recommended the necessity of choosing the appropriate methods. In order to properly and scientifically invest the oil revenues by directing them towards public and private investment.

The research aims to shed light on bank credit and measure its role in the gross domestic product. The importance of the study stems from what banks provide in terms of credit, whether in the form of loans or credit facilities to encourage and develop the agricultural sector through what those loans provide from the purchase of machinery, machinery, improved seeds and the establishment of infrastructure from for the development of the agricultural sector in Iraq. The standard analysis method was used for the study variables using the (ARDL) model, as it found that there is a positive and significant relationship in the short term between bank credit and gross domestic product, and a non-significant relationship in the long term between the two variables. The standard model is free from the problem of self-correlation according to the (LM) test, and the estimated model is devoid of the problem of heterogeneity according to the (ARCH) test. The results also showed that the loans granted to the agricultural sector by banks are characterized by their smallness and their inability to advance the reality of the agricultural sector. The percentage of the agricultural sector’s contribution to the formation of the gross domestic product should be increased loans and government support.

The study aimed to estimate the reality of production and production costs of the Barley crop and the demand for production suppliers and supply the product in Salah al-Din Governorate and what are the optimal quantities that should be used by farmers to reach the optimum production. As a random sample of (25) sprinklers were selected for the Barley crop in Salah El-Din Governorate, using the Cobb-Douglas function:
Y = A for Barley crops irrigated by Fixed sprinklers (50) dunums in Salah al-Din Governorate. The study concluded that the optimum volume of production for sprinklers of a category of (50) dunums reached (861.48) kg/dunum. While the offered quantities of Barley at the sale prices of the crop reached (450,420,390 thousand dinars/kg), The systems have 50 dunums (940.40, 799.32, and 671.26) kg/dunum, respectively. The percentage of demand for the labor component of the sprinklers was (50) dunums for the Barley crop (6.19) man/day. While the demand for the capital component of the systems is (50) dunums for the Barley crop (152.113) thousand dinars/dunum. In light of the results obtained, the study recommends directing farmers to use the optimal quantities of the labor resource (7.723) men. and capital (84345.9) in order to achieve optimal output. Providing the necessary production requirements of seeds with improved characteristics, high production, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, according to the optimal recommended quantities, at reasonable prices and on time.

The research aims to shed light on the most important sectors of the green economy and their role in the added value of agriculture, forests and fisheries in Australia by presenting some concepts about the green economy and agricultural sectors, and the importance and nature of the relationship between them. In presenting the problem of the study in light of the changes that the world is experiencing now from a depletion of resources Increasing the amount of emissions, increasing population rates, and the need to secure food. Agriculture is one of the most important entrances to the green economy. As sustainability in agriculture is achieved through three main pillars: The first is to consider achieving economic performance or profitability by considering agricultural activity as an investment. Second is to create and innovation of new social systems through agricultural projects, employment and development of people participating. Third in the environmental dimension through preserving the environment and biodiversity and reducing carbon emissions.

This research has examined the study of the output error model (OE) and knowledge of the difference in the daily consumption of electric energy in Baghdad Governorate for the month (May, June and July) for the year 2019 and its relationship to heat. And the prediction of electrical energy for the month of (August) and the extent of its conformity with the original values according to the studied data. Where the model was built using several traditional phases, which is the estimation using repeated linear least squares method and diagnosis. The model rank was determined using the Akaik's Final Prediction Error Criteria and predicting the average daily consumption of electric energy by fifteen (15) days forward, The data were obtained from the Ministry of Electricity/Department of Operation and Control .

The research aims to measure the impact of different variables on the youth unemployment rate in the Arab countries. Youth unemployment rates in the Arab countries are the highest in the world, and this requires serious consideration to address it, as it considered a major factor in political instability. The research used the multiple linear regression method and panel data for the period 1990-2019 for ten Arab countries for which the data required for the research were available: Iraq, Algeria, Libya, Sudan, Tunisia, Syria, Jordan, Morocco, Lebanon and Egypt. The analysis included measuring the impact of foreign direct investment FDI, inflation, government spending, population growth, GDP growth, degree of trade openness, and corruption risk index on the youth unemployment rate. It was found that FDI ratio, population growth, and trade openness were negatively affecting youth unemployment rate. While the impact of inflation rate, government spending ratio and corruption risks index (degree of low corruption risk) were positive. No significant effect of economic growth on the youth unemployment rate has been demonstrated in Arab countries.

The paper attempts to show the impact of public finance in on gross national savings in Iraq for the period 2004-2024, by using a regression analysis model in addition to adopting several statistical techniques in the purpose of testing the model validation. Unit root tests show that both gross national savings and public finance variables are stationary in levels. Regression analysis show that there are significant relationships between gross national savings and a couple public finance variables included in the model: current expenditure, capital expenditure, and Overall fiscal balance (including grants). The group of independent variables represented in this model are jointly significant. Cointegration test is established for gross national savings and public finance suggesting there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the series. Finally, LM test result reveal that the proposed model is valid as there is no serial correlation in the errors in the model. The research came to the conclusion that there are still significant challenges for Iraq's financial system to work effectively, from which the continued need for security must be reinforced first and foremost. The suggestions from this research stress on the importance of maintaining a stable macro-financial environment and enhance the business environment. In addition, many structural reforms also have to be completed, in particular in the areas of public financial administration and banking restructuring.

The style of leadership is important to organizational job performance. This study intends to investigate the leading style of leadership, which has a greater impacts on organizational job performance. It also studies the relationship between four common leadership styles including democratic, autocratic, charismatic, and transformational leadership on the organizational job performance in public sector organizations. The data was collected by using quantitative methods and the result was obtained upon 90 respondents. The findings indicate a significant relationship between charismatic leadership, transformational leadership, and organizational job performance. However, democratic leadership was found to have an insignificant but positive relationship with organizational performance. Autocratic leadership is also found to have a negative and insignificant relationship with organizational job performance as employees have the least saying and leaders using coercion and enforce their decision on employees without their participation. The study also indicated that charismatic leadership has the most effective effects on organizational job performance followed by the transformational leadership style. Democratic leadership has the least contribution to organizational job performance. This study helps public sector organizations in Kurdistan Region to enhance productivity, satisfaction, and commitment of the employees that together maintain organizational job performances.

Aims: Companies that should operate in competitive business environments must be able to sustain competitive responses over time. Making such responses, however, typically necessitates the firm's managerial capacity to constantly integrate its properties, ensuring that they are all matched with changing market needs. Based on the literature of Knowledge Management and Dynamic managerial capabilities, this paper contributes to our understanding by developing an Integrative Managerial Capabilities concept, which refers to “managers’ ability to orchestrate a firm resource base through the processes of search, selection, configuration and deployment to achieve and sustain a firm competitive response”. Integration mechanisms are described which provide a key managerial capability. According to the literature on strategic management, limited past studies research has focused on facets of the firm's integrative capabilities. In the current literature, there is a notable lack of comprehensive insight into how companies actually orchestrate "integrate" resources and principal to achieve sustained success in complex environments.
Method/Approach: To answer the research questions, the study employed two data collection strategies: qualitative interviews; “semi-structured interviews”, and an open-ended survey, “online questionnaire”.
Findings: The relationship among managerial integrative capabilities and various levels of a firm's systemic structure, in particular, has never been clearly explained. The research concludes that the incorporation process is highly relevant to the case study examples, and that middle management can be seen to have a substantial effect on company change as a result of top and lower-level management integration.
Originality: this study argued that better and faster integration between the three main integrative mechanisms “search and selection, configuration and deployment” should itself be a potential source of sustained competitive respond; and that usually that integration will need to traverse “high, middle, and low managerial levels” of management structure.
Implications: we recommend that future research into managerial integration processes, such as particular types of transition programs, be undertaken.

The study aimed to estimate the effects of prognostic factors on tuberculosis (TB) survival. Two models have been studied (Logistic model and Cox regression models) in survival analysis.
Kaplan Meier has been applied to estimate the hazard function. The Kaplan Meier curve has been used to show the risks of dyeing of the factors in this study of tuberculosis data set. The data was obtained from Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq /Ministry of health/General Directorate of Health, Hawler/Chest and Respiratory disease Center, in period 11th January 2015 through 23th November 2019 of all tuberculosis patients followed up by the hospital until 14th April 2020. Kaplan Meier estimator results indicates that in the factor X-ray result TB has the highest value of estimated mean time until death, the Kaplan Meier curves are clearly indicated that the risk of dying increased with the time especially after 15 months. The logistic regression model identifies that (Gender, Chest symptoms, Type of patient, Site of TB, Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT-outcome)) are the prognostic factors that influence in tuberculosis survival. Moreover, the Cox regression model identifies that (Age group, Gender, Site of TB, TTT-outcome) are the most common factors that have an impact on tuberculosis.
Logistic regression model was selected to be the best model for our study data of tuberculosis by using the criterions; Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to comparing two models. It's worth mentioning; the results obtained by utilizing the statistical packages in Mat-lab and SPSS V.25, which was used to analyze our study data.

One of the reasons that reduces the production of factories is the failure of these machines that are used for production. One of the reasons for these failures is due to failures of the components of the machines, which is due to all the stress that these components face while working. That is why trying to make the life of these machines longer we need to know the (Probability of Failure) and (Cycle of Failure) for the components of these machines.
The Researcher, to achieve and obtain the main goal of this study, after very hard work started to collect data on five components (time of failure and repair) of these components in a steel company, the company that is in Erbil City Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The Researcher reached a conclusion finding the probability of failure and cycle to failure for each component in these machines, also estimating the value of cycle to failure for nine specific values of the probability of failure. We also designed a model for predicting the probability of failure for each machine including all the components together through using Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis.
STAT Graphics, SPSS and Microsoft Excel have been used for all the calculations, graphics, and analysis.

In this research we study of one of the methods of regression using real data for applicants for the proficiency exam (IC3), where the basic applications exam is most important test for the certificate of computer basics and the internet which is conducted by the university of Tikrit in the center for computer and informatics. Therefor it was necessary to know and study the impact of some independent variable and the extent of their impact on the approved variable, the score of the exam and has been taken five independent variables, this is, college specialization x1, the gender of the examiner x2, specialization advanced the examiner x3, computer examiner experience x4, subscriber in turn or completed x5. and the degree of the examiner(dependent variable) The regression method and estimation of regression equations were used according to the gradual regression methods and the standard regression method (Multiple Regression) in order to select the best regression model that includes the variables that actually affect the result of the certification of basic applications and by using the average error boxes differential measurement Mean square error (MSE)(Dean et al.1998).