ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES JOURNAL (EASJ) (formerly AL-DANANEER JOURNAL)

The study aims to determine the effect of marketing vigilance in achieving the creative culture of the organization in the Abu Ghraib dairy factory in Baghdad, since the marketing vigilance is concerned with monitoring and controlling the markets in which the organization operates, where information is collected and the organization's position in the markets is known, and customer behavior is determined as well. New markets and introducing new products to customers, so two variables were addressed in this study: the independent variable (marketing vigilance), and the dependent variable (creative culture). Variables, then hypotheses were developed to be tested in the Abu Ghraib dairy factory for the purpose of the effect of marketing vigilance on the creative culture. In order to achieve this effect, the descriptive analytical approach mixed between the qualitative and quantitative approach was relied upon, as it was relied on personal interviews and a questionnaire in order to collect data, as it was distributed (100) questionnaires were distributed to a sample of workers in the factory, and they were tested through a group of statistical programs represented by (EXCEL), (SPSS) and (AMOS). The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a significant effect between marketing vigilance and creative culture, in addition to presenting recommendations, the most important of which is that the factory management should provide marketing procedures and conditions that contribute to enhancing the dimensions of marketing vigilance.

The study aims to manage banking risks (as a goal) theoretically and practically, identify the most important types of banking risks that the bank may be exposed to, and use models for each risk and the total risk to reach the risk value. The current study examines the relationship between banking risks and granting credit. The study was conducted on a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which included (13) banks, based on the financial data published in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2010) to (2022). In order to achieve the objectives of the study, financial analysis of the data represented by indicators of banking risk management and bank credit was used. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: The results of market risks showed that these banks were more cautious when it came to interest rate risks, which strengthened their banking operations, and that the continuous fluctuations in interest rates have a significant impact on interest rate risks, which may lead to gains or losses for the bank, despite the availability of some financial tools. The study recommended the need to enhance the comprehensive culture of risk management by providing instructions and training on dealing with data, predicting potential risks that the bank may be exposed to, and relying more on issuing loans to enhance profits so that banks can invest in opportunities that It allows them to change interest rates and take advantage of economic shifts. To do this, banks will need to study potential opportunities and threats and take various precautions, such as establishing and expanding risk management departments within the banks included in the study sample, hiring foreign consulting firms to help assemble the banks’ investment portfolio, and seeking to incorporate the provisions of the Basel III Committee, which provides basic guarantees to insulate banks from potential risks.

The research aims to form comprehensive intellectual visions and clear perceptions about the relationship between strategic renewal and organizational strength in light of the major changes in the business environment and the knowledge-based economy, in an attempt to generalize the model and the extent of its applicability in the Iraqi environment. The research started from an intellectual problem represented by the existing intellectual discrepancy due to the novelty of the topic and to bridge the knowledge gap between philosophical propositions and application, with the aim of identifying the impact of strategic renewal in enhancing organizational strength. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach by deriving hypotheses and testing them based on the model (Green, 1991), which indicated that calculating the minimum sample size is done through the following equation: + 8 (P) 50 < N, where (P) represents the number of dimensions of the research variables. The number of which in our current research is (8) dimensions, and therefore, according to the equation, the minimum required sample size is equal to (114) observations at the very least. In contrast, (Hair et al, 2010:175) emphasized that determining the sample size should take into account, in the case of using the simple regression model, the sample size of at least (20). However, in the case of using the multiple regression model, in order to maintain statistical power, this requires that it be the sample size was at least 50, so (140) questionnaires were distributed, with (20) questionnaires for each bank, of which (124) valid questionnaires were retrieved. Based on the above, the sample represents the population well because it has exceeded the minimum (114) according to the equation (Green, 1991), in addition to exceeding the barrier of (50), which is considered a condition in using multiple regression. It was distributed to senior management, employees and directors of departments and divisions in a sample of private commercial banks in Baghdad (Al-Mansour Investment Bank, Al-Khaleej Commercial Bank, National Bank of Iraq, Assyria International Bank, Middle East Bank, Iraqi Credit Bank, Sumer Commercial Bank). To analyze the data, methods and tools were used. Statistic to analyze the data through statistical programs (SPSS) and (AMOS 23). The results showed the validity of all the main and subsidiary hypotheses of the research, and based on that, a set of conclusions were formulated that recommend the need for private commercial banks to increase investment in strategic renewal and focus on renewing ideas and developing banking services provided to customers. And keeping pace with developments in banking services provided in developed countries

This study aims to determine the impact of high containment management and strategic awareness on organizational excellence and to know the extent of adoption of the concepts of high containment management and strategic awareness by the two universities (Baghdad - Technological) at various administrative levels by identifying the extent of the impact of the dimensions of high containment management represented by (incentives, information sharing, teamwork, participation in decision-making). And the dimensions of strategic awareness represented by (competitive awareness, awareness of strategic goals, awareness of service provision). On the dimensions of organizational excellence represented by (excellence in human resources, excellence in service provision, excellence in organizational culture). The opinions of the study sample were taken from employees in the presidency of the two universities at various administrative levels, where the total sample size reached (246). The problem of the study lies in the fact that the environment in which universities operate is exposed to a set of ongoing challenges, whether cognitive, technological, technical or administrative. In order for universities to maintain an important competitive position, it is necessary to work with new concepts that distinguish them from competing universities. The current study identifies the experience of the two universities and the extent of their work with the study variables and their dimensions. The research was based on the descriptive analytical approach. The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data. For the purpose of analysis and statistical processing, a set of programs were used, including (SMART Pls4, Amos. 26, SPSS V.28). The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is the presence of an impact of high containment management and strategic awareness on organizational excellence. The results of the statistical analysis proved that the two universities have a level of interest in the study variables, which confirms the distinction of the two universities for their entry into the global classifications.

This research aims to explore and analyze the role that Sukuk issued by Islamic financial institutions can play in avoiding financial crises, focusing on the global subprime mortgage crisis (2008) as a case study. The researcher used the descriptive approach in that (Analytical), as this approach is based on describing the process of issuing Instruments in Islamic financial institutions as well as analyzing all the different aspects related to this process. We have concluded that the Islamic securitization process is the best alternative to the traditional securitization process that causes the mortgage crisis, and it also provides an effective treatment to avoid the occurrence of global financial crises or limit their effects if they occur through several mechanisms, the most important of which are: transparency and financial disclosure - Sharia supervision and compliance with Islamic rulings - hedging against risks - prohibiting all forms of selling debt - prohibiting the derivatives system - prohibiting usurious interest - sharing profits and losses - encouraging real investments - moral and ethical commitment. As for its most important recommendations, countries should develop their financial markets in a manner that is consistent with Islamic law due to its effective role in avoiding the occurrence of financial crises as well as addressing the resulting effects if they occur.

The statistical method known as cluster analysis was used to classify a group of observations according to the types of disciplinary behaviors provided by parents and educational caregivers practiced on children according to the economic, social and demographic characteristics of the family. Data were collected for more than 100 questionnaires for different segments of society. The results of the analysis revealed that violent practices were the most prevalent, accounting for 51% of the observations. The analysis reduced 5 types of disciplinary practices to two types of violent and non-violent disciplinary practices. The economic determinants were the most important determinants according to the F value calculated using the K-means method, followed by social determinants in importance, while demographic determinants were the least important.

This research aims to explore the impact of organizational justice on achieving competitive advantage in the Department of Health of Salah al-Din Governorate. The research seeks to clarify how the dimensions of organizational justice, such as distributive justice and participatory procedural justice, affect the organization's ability to compete in the work environment. A research methodology was applied based on collecting data from a sample of (385) employees in the Department of Health of Salah al-Din Governorate using a questionnaire, and analyzing it using a set of statistical methods that included calculating averages and standard deviations, in addition to using the multiple linear regression test to analyze the impact of organizational justice on competitive advantage. The research concluded that enhancing organizational justice contributes significantly to improving the organization's performance and increasing its ability to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, which enhances the level of job satisfaction and institutional commitment among employees. The research recommended enhancing employee skills and providing continuous training programs that help improve their performance and contribute to achieving more justice and discrimination at work, which enhances the organization's competitive advantage.

The study deals with the statement of the importance of indirect foreign investment in the Iraqi Stock Exchange and the analysis of the impact of non-Iraqi investments on the indicators of the Iraqi Stock Exchange, and the presentation of proposals for developing the reality of the work of the Iraqi Stock Exchange to attract foreign investors. The study hypothesis is based on the fact that indirect foreign investment contributed to a limited extent to the indicators of the Iraqi Stock Exchange due to the instability conditions that Iraq experienced during the study period. The study used the method of collecting data from Arab and foreign sources and references and data from the Iraq Securities Commission and used the data analysis method and the standard method. The study concluded that indirect foreign investment is one of the important elements in the economy, but the Iraqi economy is an unattractive environment for investment due to the conditions of security and economic instability, which negatively affects the desire of foreign investors to invest in the market. This was demonstrated by the market indicators during the study period, whether in terms of foreign trading or net foreign investment and the impact of these variables on the general market index, trading volume and executed contracts. The study recommended the need for diligent work by officials in the Iraqi Stock Exchange to attract and expand foreign investment by reducing the challenges and obstacles facing foreign investors. Keywords: Investment, foreign, indirect, securities

The current research aims to identify and understand the role of corporate ownership structure in reducing aggressive tax practices in non-financial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. Therefore, the inductive approach was adopted to present and analyze the research variables theoretically while employing the experimental approach for quantitative evaluation using approved mathematical models. Inferential statistical analysis tools were also used to test the hypotheses. The financial reports these companies and the Securities Commission issued were used to prepare the initial data to evaluate the research variables (2013-2022). The research community consists of 52 non-financial companies intentionally taking samples that resulted in 10 non-financial companies after excluding those that did not have sufficient data, which covers (19.2%) of the study community. The results indicate that the different forms of ownership structure have a distinct impact on companies adopting aggressive tax practices due to the other goals and desire of controlling shareholders to bear risks. The recommendations include the need to increase the awareness of shareholders with the highest share of the dangers of following aggressive tax practices on the company's reputation and long-term goals.

This research aims to analyze the relationship between the exchange rate and certain macroeconomic variables in Iraq, in a comparative study between Iraq and Nigeria for the period (2006-2022), with a focus on the impact of macroeconomic variables on the exchange rate when monetary authorities in both Iraq and Nigeria devalue their currencies during the period from 2006 to 2022. Four key variables were selected to assess their impact: public debt, the general budget, the consumer price index, and gross domestic product (GDP). The study aims to determine whether these effects were positive or negative, using modern econometric methods, with a particular focus on the ARDL methodology, which is considered appropriate for measuring this impact. The research problem focuses on the economic crises these countries face, characterized by increasing public expenditures on one hand and declining public revenues on the other, leading to budget deficits. Moreover, the primary resource that funds their budgets is oil. Consequently, these countries must strive to diversify their income sources, especially given their large agricultural areas and geographical wealth, which can help them diversify their revenue streams and mitigate the volatility of global oil prices. To achieve the study's objective, several conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that devaluing the national currency as a policy rather than an exchange rate regime will have more negative than positive effects. The transition from a fixed multiple-rate system to a managed floating system will lead to another change in a short period, ultimately resulting in the full floating of the local currency. This creates disruptions in local markets and immense pressure on vulnerable segments of society. The primary cause of rising inflation rates is the devaluation of the currency, pursued by governments for various reasons. As a result, the price of exchange rate stability is the disruption of all markets.

This research dealt with the timeline of the development of the narrow money supply M1 in Iraq (2010-2023) in terms of size, components, and factors affecting it. The research relied on the descriptive analytical method in its methodology in reviewing the developments of the money supply during that period. The research concluded that the structure of the money supply in Iraq tends in favor of the currency in circulation during the research period and that the development of the money supply is mainly linked to the changes in the oil revenues achieved as the main financier of the state's general budget. The research recommended the necessity of adopting appropriate monetary and financial policies aimed at controlling the size of the money supply in the Iraqi economy.

The research aims to find out how self-marketing can improve the chance of getting a suitable job opportunity among the age groups coming to the labor market, and the main question to reach the goal was how the applicant's academic achievement can improve the quality of work that the applicant can get and this enhances the employers' knowledge of the orientation of the youth group and their views about the quality of work and its good classification, which allows them to reduce the time and effort in attracting the right human resource for work, and in order to collect data the researcher used the questionnaire method that was distributed to a random sample of working age groups to test the hypotheses of which the main one was “Self-marketing has a significant effect on good work”, The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, revealing that individuals place greater emphasis on their academic achievements when anticipating good job opportunities, rather than on the skills and experience they possess.

The research aims to study the impact of financial technology on financial management in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, where financial technology was adopted as an independent variable with its dimensions: (lending, financing, financial control). The importance of the research stems from the fact that it addresses a modern concept that needs further study, and highlights the role of financial technology in enhancing the efficiency of the Iraqi Stock Exchange, which contributes to developing the financial work environment and increasing the attractiveness of the market for local and international investments. The research reached a main conclusion, which is the existence of a positive correlation between the use of financial technology and the improvement of financial management indicators in the market, as it was shown that financial technology enhances the speed and accuracy of trading, which increases the efficiency of financial operations. The research recommended the necessity of investing in developing the digital infrastructure of the market, intensifying training for human cadres on the use of financial technology, in addition to formulating legislation that supports technological innovation and ensures the regulation of financial work in line with global developments. The research community is represented by three banks with shares in the market, where a sample of 200 employees was selected, and the research reached a set of results, including: There is a good correlation between financial technology and the financial management index in the Iraq Stock Exchange, as financial technology contributes to the speed and accuracy of trading in the market.

The research aims to examine the impact of digital strategy on enhancing strategic behavior within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, focusing on how digital technology and artificial intelligence can improve the strategic decision-making process and organizational work behaviors. The study highlights the concept of digital strategy as a modern tool that enhances the capacity of governmental institutions to adapt to digital transformations and achieve their strategic objectives. It also establishes a connection between the use of advanced digital tools and the elevation of strategic behavior levels among leadership. The research adopted a theoretical framework that defines the concepts of digital strategy and strategic behavior, analyzing their key dimensions. On the practical side, a field study was conducted involving a purposive sample of 173 strategic leaders within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, selected based on their expertise and use of digital technology in their work. Data were collected through a specially designed questionnaire, supplemented by personal interviews, and analyzed using modern statistical tools (SPSS V.24). The findings reveal that the digital strategy has a positive and significant impact on enhancing strategic behavior within the ministry. The results indicate that the use of digital tools and modern technology contributes to improving leadership capabilities in data analysis, risk prediction, informed decision-making, and effective strategic planning. Furthermore, the digital strategy enhances the ministry's flexibility and its ability to adapt and grow in the face of international challenges.

Fuzzy reliability in statistics is one of the important methods used in various aspects of life that are used in the event of questionable data accuracy, which leads to dealing with ambiguous observations expressed in ambiguous numbers. The use of classical estimation methods to estimate the parameters of the statistical model is not suitable for such observations, and the research problem is represented by the presence of fuzzy numbers known as the operating times of the magnetic resonance device until failure at Al-Rifai Hospital. The research aims to estimate the fuzzy reliability function for the first type of censored data for the Top Lion distribution of the magnetic resonance device at Al-Rifai Hospital for the period (1-3-2022, until 1-3-2024) through some estimation methods maximum likelihood function, partial estimates, Proposed method for estimating the frequency rate and choosing the best reliability based on the least Std. Deviation, and it was found that the fuzzy reliability of the sonar device is (79%) for every (42) days

This article aims to identify how Human Resources interventions (HRI) and other practices of Jordanian companies affect the company's innovating capability in public and private working Jordanian community firms, in both services and industrial sectors. The current research utilized a quantitative approach and deductive methodology with a cross-sectional layout to gather data from various instances at a sole moment. The primary goal was to analyse the influence of interventions in human resources on performance in innovation, with innovative work behaviours functioning as a mediator in corporations in Jordan. Details were obtained via a structured survey distributed to 1000 workers in these organizations from June 2023 to August 2023.The study conducts the survey to investigate the relationship between human resources interventions, innovative work and innovation performance through modelling using the sample of 384 employees. According to the current settings, out of 1,245,243 individuals representing the Jordanian workforce in 2023, the sample size required to provide a clear reading to the current situation in Jordan (employees) was given at 384 samples. The results confirm that HR practices are a major contributor to the business innovation performance. This study has the main point that the approach of the HR department (like training and supportive work environment) in the right way could give even more effective innovation behaviour in Jordanian companies and eventually the improvement of the innovation results of Jordanian firms. This article reiterates the important role of The Human Resource Interventions (HRIs) in changing the traditional ways of working. The first and foremost, HRIs construct an environment that facilitates employees' participation in the inventive activities. Furthermore, inventiveness highlighted as a critical employee's contribution factor to innovation productivity within companies. Those creative approaches can be understood as a connection between the employees' innovative behaviour and their organizations' innovative capacities, revealing that those innovative acts are significant for improving an organization's overall innovative capabilities. Promoting innovation in employee behaviour leads to a notable increase in the effectiveness of HR policies on innovation outcomes. This observation underscores the significance of HR interventions in fostering a workplace environment that nurtures innovation. Such interventions can empower Jordanian companies to enhance their innovation performance by fostering a culture of innovative behaviour among their employees. The research could have explored longitudinal studies, larger sample sizes, and different geographical settings to enhance the reliability and relevance of the results.

The current study aims to identify the role played by business intelligence as an independent variable through its dimensions (analytical capabilities, user access, information technology, knowledge, data reliability) in reducing black swan events as a dependent variable through its dimensions (environmental uncertainty, infrastructure fragility, algorithmic readiness). The current study was conducted using a random sample of employees of government and private banks, which amounted to (115) employees through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The problem of the study shows that the banking sector is exposed to a set of economic, political and security challenges that make it more vulnerable to unexpected events. The problem was embodied through the main question of the study: To what extent is business intelligence employed in reducing black swan events in the banks studied? The importance of the study lies in shedding light on the adoption of the concept of business intelligence in the banks studied and enhancing
Awareness of the use of technology in the banking sector with the aim of continuously predicting what is known as (black swan events). The researcher followed the descriptive analysis approach for the study variables using the following statistical methods: (testing the normal distribution using the skewness coefficients Flattening, multicollinearity problem using (Stepwise) method, apparent validity, reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman's coefficient, half-split of the study sample, adequacy of the study sample, KMO and Bartlett's tests, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation coefficient) based on (SMART PLUS 4, AMOS V.26, SPSS V.28) programs. The most prominent results of the thesis were embodied in the superiority and distinction of private banks over government banks in keeping pace with and facing the renewed challenges that arise in the banking sector environment by adopting the concept of business intelligence.

The research aims to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investment and its relationship to the level of unemployment in the Iraqi economy. The research relied on the use of the descriptive analytical approach to show the relationship between macroeconomic variables to reach results that help us in developing policies and recommendations that would create an attractive environment for foreign investment and reduce the challenges and obstacles that prevent the encouragement of capital allocated for investment in Iraq, which helps in improving the economic situation and raising economic growth rates, especially in the basic economic sectors that suffer from deterioration, which led to an increase and spread of unemployment rates, especially among young people. The research concluded that the most prominent factors attracting foreign investment in Iraq are political stability, the stability of the security situation, and combating cases of financial and administrative corruption that the Iraqi economy suffers from, which negatively affected the state of capital flow for investment in the Iraqi economy.

The purpose of this study is to present the indicators of the green economy, which is a new operating strategy that the goals of the United Nations Environment Organization are currently working on in the economic field, as sustainable green growth is viewed as a practical tool to achieve the goals of the green economy, so the idea of the research came in asking the following question: How do green economy indicators contribute to achieving sustainable green growth? The research analyzes the purpose of measuring and analyzing the simultaneous indicators of the two \"green\" ideas, the green economy and sustainable green growth, the economic measurement of the similarity of the two indicators in the Iraqi economy for the period (2004-2023), by following the deductive approach, using the quantitative method and relying on the (ARDL) model in the analysis, the research concluded that Iraq needs a comprehensive economic, social and environmental development plan, especially in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, considering that these sectors are important in achieving sustainable economic growth. The research also concluded that the energies used in Iraq as a percentage of total energies, the added value in the agricultural sector and the percentage of cultivated land as a percentage of total land showed positive results in Increased pollution in Iraq while the indicator of natural resource revenues as a percentage of GDP, poverty and unemployment rates had negative results, i.e. they work to increase the average per capita share of gas emissions and contribute to reducing sustainable growth, while the dependent indicator, which is sustainable green growth, was expressed by the environmental dimension of sustainable development dimensions represented by the per capita share of carbon dioxide emissions.

The study aimed to identify the impact of human resource management governance on achieving organizational happiness in public sector institutions in Jordan. The study population consisted of government sector employees classified in the first and second categories subject to the civil service bylaw, numbering (181,989) employees, and the sample size of the study was (279) employees. The study followed the descriptive-analytical approach, and concluded that there is a statistically significant impact for human resource management governance on achieving organizational happiness in the researched sector. The study recommended that public sector institutions in Jordan convert the principles of human resource governance into strategies that are implemented, with the aim of supporting employee satisfaction and enhancing institutional performance, instead of those principles being a mere organizational process.