journal of Basic Sciences

The study showed that the problem of desertification has become prominent.and through the map matching procedure. It was found that the southern and southwestern regions and even the central regions are devoid of vegetation cover.as they are regions characterized by receiving large amounts of solar radiation.in addition to being characterized by fast winds compared to the rest of the regions. and they also recorded the highest temperatures compared to the rest of the regions. as in the Diwaniyah. Najaf and samawah stations. As for the amount of evaporation. The Najaf station recorded higher than the rest of the stations. And it completely matched the amount of solar radiation for the study area. lt was also shown through the distribution of the amount of rainfall that the northeastern stations represented by the hillah station recorded the highest amount of rainfall than the rest of the stations. and its branches. All of the above shows that using the simple matching method to find a relationship between two maps. When the relationship between the phenomena of those maps is strong. The results derived from this matching method will have a high degree of accuracy. And the degree of accuracy derived from that matching method for those phenomena in the maps decreases when the degree of the relationship is of low or medium accuracy. and thus lies its need for effort. Time and experience when using the matching method. and perhaps the personal factor has a large role in determining the results between the elements.

The aim of the search is to answer the following questions:
1. What is the level of organizational strength of the heads of the faculties of Mosul University from a general teaching point of view?
2. What is the level of organizational strength of the heads of the faculties of Mosul University from the teaching point of view depending on the following variables:
A. Sex (male, female).
B. Specialization (scientific, humanitarian).
C. Duration of administrative service of the head of the scientific department (2 years and more - less than 2 years).
D. Scientific title (Professor - Assistant Professor - Teacher - Assistant Teacher).
The researchers relied on the analytical descriptive curriculum ,Research was limited to a sample of teachers at Mosul University colleges for the academic year (2024M-2025M) Selected in a caste random manner, it has a teaching and teaching strength (470) of scientific and humanitarian specialization and for all scientific titles. With regard to the research tool, the two researchers have prepared the organizational strength gauge tool of the heads of departments which is finalized from (33) A paragraph. The psychometric characteristics of the research tools were confirmed by verifying the apparent honesty, sincerity of the construction and stability of the test and retest methods and the alpha cronbach coefficient. After applying the tool to the search sample, it was corrected and converted into the digital version and then statistically processed using appropriate statistical means such as: The T test of two in depended samples, and the analysis of mono-variation, through the programme of statistical packages of social sciences (spss), the results showed the following:
1. Heads of departments of Mosul University colleges possess a higher level of organizational strength from the teaching point of view.
2.The level of organizational strength of the heads of the faculties of Mosul University is similar from the teaching point of view according to the sex variable (male-female).
3.The level of organizational strength of the heads of the faculties of Mosul University from the teaching point of view was in favour of humanitarian specialization.
4.The level of organizational strength of the heads of the faculties of Mosul University from the teaching point of view was in favour of the administrative service of the head of the scientific department (two years and more).
5. The level of organizational strength of the heads of the faculties of Mosul University is similar from the teaching point of view according to the scientific title variable (assistant teacher-teacher-assistant professor-professor).
In the light of those findings, the two researchers developed a number of recommendations, including strengthening and developing the mechanisms for the use of organizational force by section heads through specialized workshops and training courses. Drawing on the expertise of heads of departments in humanitarian disciplines in organizational power and transferring their experiences to scientific disciplines and suggested future studies based on outstanding performance, including the relationship between organizational power patterns and managerial creativity among heads of departments at Iraqi universities.

In many of its cases, poetry is nothing but an image of the self that believes in the sacred unseen and that carries bright values, so the person seeks to represent them in the best possible way. Since the poet’s goal is to send his message about what he believes, we find his poems overflowing with what he believes, especially those who take a sacred approach. Or ideologically, the poet Al-Ward is one of the poets who headed in a religious direction. He is a professor and educator, which made his poetry overflow with human values that were enshrined by religions for human beings to follow. Perhaps the study revealed to us what the poet’s mind overflowed with adoptions at the level of people, places, times, and qualities in which angelic values were revealed that represent an objective equivalent to his doctrinal experience or emotional relationship. With God, the poet showed us several manifestations of the angel who represents purity, serenity, and purity. Through it, the study examined the poet’s poetry, including multiple and diverse characters, times, places, and qualities that represented the poet’s tendency and purpose toward serving humanity.

The current research aims to identify the effect of a proposed strategy based on the standards of mathematical practice ( CCS SM ) on the achievement of fourth-grade science students in mathematics and the development of their skilled thinking . The research sample consisted of fourth-grade science students in Al-Rashidiya Girls’ Intermediate School . The researchers adopted the quasi-experimental approach. The experimental group consisted of ( 33 ) students and the control group consisted of ( 32 ) students who were randomly selected. To achieve the research goal, an achievement test consisting skillful thinking test consisting of ( 18 ) paragraphs were prepared and applied to the research sample. After that, the data were statistically analyzed. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the average scores of skillful thinking in favor of the experimental group. In light of the results, the necessary recommendations and proposals were presented.

The current research aims to reveal the effect of the Biggs and Feldman models on acquiring Islamic concepts among second-year middle school students and developing their religious awareness. I Followed the experimental approach and The researcher chose middle and secondary schools in the city of Mosul for the academic year (2023-2024). The research sample consisted of (109) female students, with (37) female students in the first experimental group, which studied according to the Biggs model, and (35) female students in the second experimental group, which studied according to the Feldman Silverman model,(37)Students for the control group Studied in the regular way, The researcher prepared
The first research tool is the Islamic concepts test, which consists of (30) paragraphs. The validity and reliability of the tool were verified, which was extracted using the Kuder Richardson-20 method, and it reached (0.81). The second tool is the religious awareness scale, which consists of (25) paragraphs. The validity and reliability of the tool were verified, which was extracted using the Kuder Richardson-20 method, and it reached (0.82). After processing the data statistically using the (SPSS) system, the results showed the existence of statistically significant differences between the three research groups in favor of the first experimental group,Which was studied according to Biggs' model for acquiring Islamic concepts and the religious awareness scale. The researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The penalty of exile is one of the penalties that has been used in many legal and legislative systems throughout history, and it has constituted an important tool in controlling security and stability within societies. In the Kingdom of Granada (635-805 AH), exile was one of the punitive methods that the political authorities resorted to to address internal challenges, whether on the political, religious, or social levels.
This study, entitled “The Punishment of Exile in the Kingdom of Granada (635-805 AH)” aims to demonstrate the important role played by the Banu al-Ahmar through their establishment of the Kingdom of Granada, and to clarify the main reasons behind the penalty of exile outside the country, in addition to addressing the political coups that were taking place at that time, and the operations of exile against the deposed Sultan, as well as talking about the ministers and scholars who were subjected to exile and what was their fate after that.
The study relied on the historical method and the descriptive, analytical and narrative method. At the end of the study, a set of results were reached, including that the Banu al-Ahmar were able to establish their state in the Kingdom of Granada after eliminating the Almohad state there in the Battle of Al-Uqab. The prevailing rule in the Beni Al-Ahmar state was based on tyranny and monopolization of power.

In the poetry of Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari, the symbol of wine transforms into an open gateway to the realm of the spirit, where the cup becomes a vessel for esoteric knowledge, and the wine turns into a divine drink that intoxicates the heart, not the mind. Al-Shushtari does not speak of the wine of the earth but rather the wine of heaven, which dissolves ephemeral existence into the ocean of eternal being. Drinking wine here is not a physical act but an ecstatic state that lifts the Sufi from the constraints of the body into the expanses of the soul, where intoxication becomes a path to spiritual awakening, and wine becomes a means of annihilation in the Divine Essence. Al-Shushtari sees in wine a symbol of divine love that liberates the soul from the shackles of the worldly and elevates it to the realm of divinity, where drinking becomes worship, intoxication becomes prayer, and wine becomes the language of dialogue between the servant and his Lord. In every cup that al-Shushtari sips, the ephemeral self vanishes, and the eternal self emerges in a poetic tableau that blends spiritual beauty with philosophical depth, where wine transforms into an eternal symbol of absolute truth.

The Quranic system is a meticulously structured and cohesive system, wherein its supreme eloquence begins from the smallest structural units in its compositions. Pronouns, as a linguistic element, play a significant role in constructing these compositions and linking their parts in a manner that enhances their coherence and meaning.
The use of pronouns in Quranic expression represents one aspect of linguistic inimitability (Iʿjaz), where every pronoun is placed with precision according to the thematic and contextual requirements. This meticulous arrangement aligns with the principle articulated by Al-Jurjani, who emphasized that the effectiveness of speech is derived from its syntactic composition rather than the mere selection of words.
This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the role of pronouns in the linguistic structure of Surah Al-Kahf. The analysis highlights how the Quranic expression employs pronouns to achieve textual cohesion and semantic depth, contributing to the overall artistic and rhetorical imagery of the Quranic discourse.

The current research aims to identify the skill of empathy and mindfulness among educational counselors, and what is the correlation between them. The research sample consisted of educational counselors working in the schools of Baghdad Governorate / First Rusafa Education Directorate, numbering (200) male and female counselors. In order to achieve the research objective, a scale of empathy skill was built, which may have consisted of (28) paragraphs, while the scale of mindfulness of (Al-Hashlamoun, 2019) was adopted, which consisted of (32) paragraphs. The research results showed that educational counselors have a high degree of empathy and mindfulness skill, and that there is a positive correlation between them, as the more mindfulness increases, the more empathy skill increases and vice versa.The research extracted a number of recommendations and suggestions.

This text deals with the topic of the intersection between literary and non-literary genres, highlighting the importance of studying this intersection in understanding and analyzing literary works. It covers three main aspects: the relationship between literature and life, between literature and history, and between literature and other arts. The text highlights some key points such as the mutual influences between these genres, their ability to create new artistic experiences, as well as the role of literature in enhancing communication and understanding different cultures and histories. The text also explains the need to address these differences and intersections in a way that enhances and enriches the understanding of texts. This text represents an important resource for those interested in literary studies and wishing to understand and analyze the intersection between literary and non-literary genres.

Slopes are promising lands characterized by their great importance in global development, which has been known to be the concern of geomorphologists with their studies because they have exceeded more than that the ground is widespread on the surface of the earth and they are from the geomorphological electrons because they are a very sensitive system that does not vary in a distinctive way and they are continuous in movement and the special movement related to it externally, interested in studying a group of classifications related to regional variation Saif Saad and the geomorphological analysis appeared with geomorphological information systems in the results of the class classifications, which led to the change that occurred in refining the slope according to each classification It is affected by a set of factors and geomorphological processes, especially natural harvest represented by marine formations, the height of the earth's surface and climatic factors in the study area. The area of steep slopes (25-90°) in the Zuidam classification reached 20 km2, in the Zink classification (30-38.2°) the area was (2.4 km2), in the Ercanoğlu classification (33-38.2°) it was 0.02 km2, while in the Eğim classification (30.1-38.2°) it was 2.4 km2.

In the research the properties of gas sensors ( WO3:Cuo2) were studies Copper oxide was deposited on N-type quartz substrates , where samples were deposited using the vacuum evaporation technique. Regular ,thin,flat films were formed without agglomerations. The samples were oxidized in an electric furnace at a temperature of (500,550 and 600 oC) for one hour, then left to cool for (24h) . After that ,a layer of (WO3) was deposited as thin films on top of layer of (CuO2) using the pulsed laser ablation method after the material (WO3) was shaped like tablets under load (5Tan). After that ,the prepared samples were oxidized in an electric furnace at temperatures of (700,750 and 800 oC) for an hour, then left to cool for (24 hr). The regular distribution of the nano spherical grains appeared compressed and homogeneous with some granular agglomeration that appeared in the form of clusters . We obtained the best crystal regularity according to the cross-section of the examination . The examination (XRD) showed , and through x-ray diffraction examination cross-sectional x-rays showed a slight increase in the size of the nano particles , which led to a decrease in the crystal size, as calculated by the Scherer's equation. The results of the atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that when deposition of Tungsten trioxide, the surface roughness rate decreased with the decrease in the crystal size of the material. The results of the scanning electron microscope(FESEM) showed that the pure material was in the form of spherical particles, and all the films were homogeneous in terms of the surface appearance, and the atoms were almost spherical. With an increase in the annealing temperature, the surface shape became lumpy and the average grain size increased.

This research is an attempt to shed light on the evidence of commentary and its impact on Al-Hutay'ah's poem (SOME B0DY WAS HUNGRI SINCE THREE DAUS AGO) And the Three Folds), by focusing on the influences that left their effects on the functions of sentences and vocabulary. This theory was based on morphological, phonetic, performative, textual, linguistic and situational structures, the sum of which constitutes the functional effect of vocabulary, which gives the impression that it will be an efficient alternative to the factor theory. But the reality is that it will not be a substitute for it, but rather an assistant in showing those functional effects, and we have tried to sense these functional effects of the theory of the evidence of suspension and apply it to the poem of Al-Hutay’ah and (SOME B0DY WAS HUNGRI SINCE THREE DAUS AGO) so it was exposed to the basic evidence of suspension - the moral, with which the multiple verbal evidences combine, supporting and strengthening it and helping it to show its effect, function and relationships, so the study was in the evidence of attribution and specialization and its branches, and the proportion, to which is implicitly added the auxiliary evidence that cooperates with it in its work and strengthens its meaning, which is the functional meaning.

The female expatriate workforce in Al-Zubair District is a phenomenon that accompanies the political and economic transformations that the governorate went through in general and Al-Zubair District in particular after 2003 and the accompanying phase of opening doors to foreign investments and allowing the use of foreign workers. Therefore, the study aimed to show the size of female workers coming to Al-Zubair district, identify their demographic, social and economic characteristics, explain the reasons that called for their use, and diagnose the effects resulting from that use.

The research aims to study the geographical distribution of garages in Abu Al-Khasib district through research into their planning characteristics and their impact on the construction and operation of garages, analyzing their structure and the possibility of their expansion, determining appropriate locations for them, and studying the reality of transportation movement and the extent to which it accommodates the numbers of vehicles operating in it, since Abu Al-Khasib district includes two types of garages. For cars, it is represented by actual garages and public squares distributed and spread throughout the Abu Al-Khasib district.

The study aimed to identify the dimensions of educational service quality in improving academic achievement through a sample of final-year secondary and vocational education students in the city of Essaouira. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach as it was appropriate for the purposes and objectives of the research. The research community consisted of final-year secondary and vocational education students in the city of Essaouira, numbering (5,950) male and female students, comprising (3,080) male students and (2,870) female students. The research tool consisted of two main variables: the independent variable, represented by the dimensions of educational service quality, and the dependent variable, represented by academic achievement. Their psychometric properties were verified, and after collecting the data, it was statistically analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS). The results yielded the following:
1. There is a statistically significant effect of the quality of educational services on improving the level of academic achievement.
2. It was also found that the dimensions of educational service quality, represented by the quality of teaching performance, school infrastructure, and school administration, had a statistically significant impact on improving students' academic achievement.
This study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which are:
1. Activating the role of counselors or social researchers in identifying the social problems students face that could impact their academic achievement and developing effective solutions.
2. Holding training courses for teachers to enhance their teaching skills and properly qualify them to use innovative and interactive teaching methods with an entertaining nature that makes education more engaging and enjoyable.
3. Providing spacious classrooms equipped with comfortable and appropriate furniture, well-equipped science laboratories, and libraries stocked with resources supporting school curricula.

Archaeological monuments are important historical properties because they reflect the culture of nations. However, archaeological monuments are exposed to a group of environmental hazards, such as wind erosion and salinization, that threaten their survival and safety in the long term. Studying environmental hazards is essential and important to demonstrate the extent of their impact on archaeological monuments, especially in the studied area. Hence,The archaeological monuments in the studied area are affected by the hazards of wind erosion and salinization, which are among the biggest environmental challenges facing properties in the studied area at the present time due to their occurrence and direct contact with the climatic environment of the land. According to the Chepil equation, the studied area is exposed to very high wind erosion with an area of (5512.9) km2. As a result, its archaeological properties are exposed to the risks of wind erosion due to its direct impact on the landmarks. Consequently, the walls of the archaeological buildings are damaged, some of which contain inscriptions and statues, disappearing part of them. During the field visit, we noticed the appearance of small spots of salt on some of the building walls, peeling of the walls, affecting the landmarks in the archaeological building. To reduce these risks, the responsible authorities must pay attention to and preserve the archaeological buildings and their properties from wind erosion and reduce its impact by creating green belts around them. It is necessary to prevent salt weathering on the archaeological landmarks by coating their walls with materials that prevent and insulate moisture that causes the appearance of salt spots on the walls of archaeological properties and decorations.

In 1981, Morocco witnessed major mass unrest known as the “Bread Uprising,” which was referred to locally as “Comira.” The unrest was sparked by a sudden Expand in the price of bread, which was the staple food of Morocco's population. The rising prices were a result of economic policies aimed at reducing government support and addressing the budget deficit. However, the move greatly affected low-income groups struggling to afford necessities. the basic.
The riots began in January 1981, and quickly spread across various cities. The demonstrators expressed their frustration not only over rising bread prices but also over broader economic difficulties and apparent government neglect. The protests were characterized by violence and clashes with security forces, leading to arrests and numerous casualties, including... The government's response was a mixture of repression and concessions. In the short term, the authorities deployed security forces to quell the unrest, while also temporarily canceling some price increases to calm the population. The fallout from the riots highlighted the urgent need for economic reforms and social support systems to address disparities and improve the living conditions of the Moroccan people.

In the research entitled (The Aesthetics of Description in the Two Novels, The Pomegranate Tree Alone, Oh Maryam, by the Novelist Sinan Antoan), we addressed (Sinan Antoon) in his novels, where his novelistic production came to explain the forms of torment and pain that the characters represented in terms of the suffering of the individual in his society, most of which appears in images of violence and colonialism, all of this from a descriptive point of view. This led us to address the manifestations of description as it appeared in the features of description of the events that affected the region at that time. If the aesthetic description informs us of the form of writing, then investigating that came in the sequence of the narration process in a way that shows consistency through the techniques of textual employment, making the dominant feature of the novelistic text its own form.

This research examines human factors and their impact on the development of agricultural development in the Al-Mada'in district, Al-Jisr sub-district, located southeast of Baghdad. It aims to analyze the relationship between these factors, agricultural expertise, and labor availability, on the one hand, and the extent of development of agricultural activities, on the other. The research focused on the importance of the human factor as a key element in supporting and developing agriculture. A descriptive and analytical approach was used, collecting data from field sources (such as questionnaires) and office sources (such as government statistics). The research reached several conclusions, including that to achieve agricultural development, agricultural policies must be reformed, agricultural associations must be supported, and marketing and transportation infrastructure must be improved. It also concluded that the agricultural cycle has the greatest impact on agricultural development in the research area.

This study tackles the deceased Iraqi poet Abdul Karim Radhi Jaafar, specifically the phenomenon of intertextuality in his poetry. This phenomenon means that a certain under study text evokes a phrase, image, or meaning from another previous text, whether it can be a traditional or contemporary with the new text.
The phenomenon of intertextuality is one of the phenomena that nourishes the language of a poem and provides it with its poetic energy through this interplay. It is not a created phenomenon in contemporary criticism; rather, it has been known in our traditional criticism under other titles, perhaps the most dominent of which is poetic thefts.
Moreover, the poet in this regard was also able to employ intertextuality through an important structural technique, namely (Maraya) or (mirrors) which was able to organize the mechanism for the emergence of this large number of intertextualities within the linguistic fabric of the poem.

The dialectic of self and place is an eternal dialectic that cannot be separated in any way. It will remain in place as long as human existence exists on this planet. Place is one of the components that connects people and accompanies them throughout their lives, due to the various transitions they undergo. Each stage of life has its own characteristics, and each place has its own characteristics. People are affected by place and affect it also. As a result, places have diversified between familiar and hostile, sacred and heavenly. All of this leaves its mark on the formation of the individual and the poet's self, just like human beings. Place is reflected in their production, and the self (the poet) appears in place. This is clearly evident in the collection (Khaima Khams Nijoom), in which the relationship of the self to place appears directly and indirectly. Although the title carries a major paradox, the poet was able to subjugate place to his creativity, and in some instances, he falls captive to place, creating for each place a different specificity between places: there is the world and there is the private, and between them there are different transitions.
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Since the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in 2011, Syria has witnessed a gradual collapse of state institutions and sovereign functions, leading to a strategic vacuum in the regional security architecture of the Middle East, and creating challenges and opportunities for regional and international actors. In this context, Turkey has emerged as a pivotal actor seeking to reshape geopolitical balances in the Arab world, basing its actions on the logic of political realism, which focuses on maximizing national power and protecting national interests.
This research deals with the Turkish response to the collapse of the Syrian state through the framework of classical realism theory, through a strategic analysis that combines qualitative analysis tools and quantitative indicators. The research focuses on three main axes: Turkey's military interventions in northern Syria, its policies towards the Syrian refugee file, and the diplomatic and security tracks adopted by Ankara to strengthen its regional influence and contain threats. The results indicate that Turkey has pursued a multidimensional foreign policy that combines military deterrence, diplomatic action, and geographic repositioning, in line with its strategic priorities.
The analysis also shows that Turkish behavior has been clearly influenced by the principles of realpolitik, by focusing on maintaining regional balance, containing transnational armed organizations, and dealing with challenges arising from adverse regional expansions. In doing so, Turkey seems to have used the Syrian crisis as an opportunity to re-engineer its regional role in accordance with its supreme national interests.

The Shatt al-Arab River, where the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers meet (often thought of as one of the most vital waterways in southern Iraq), has changed often unrecognizably in terms of its ecosystem over the last several decades. Although the water quality and ecological condition of the river naturally varies over time, human activity has intensified these variations, resulting in serious decline in both the quality of water and the ecological health of the river. This study uses multispectral remote sensing methods to evaluate the changes in the river over its long developmental history. The results suggest that urban sprawl, agricultural runoff, and the inflow of untreated wastewater have caused habitat loss, wetland destruction, and biodiversity loss. While the quality of water has worsened terribly over the last three decades, mainly because of the discharges of untreated effluents and changing climate. These ecological challenges highlight the need for monitoring and management strategies, the authors said. The objective is to quality data with remote sensing to support policy decisions and increase public awareness of the importance of the Shatt al-Arab River. The original study highlights the importance of the sustainable management of water resources to protect the health of the river and the communities that depend on it. Shatt al-Arab River requires a multispectral remote sensing approach to comprehensive assessment, and this study is one of the few studies to provide such assessment between 1988 and 2022. Ultimately, this requires urgently addressing the deteriorating water quality and ecosystem of the river, as the findings have significant consequences on the region's water security and biodiversity conservation.

The reason for this inquiry is to discover how well the Kagan Agreeable Learning Demonstrate works in progressing the scholarly execution of fourth-grade understudies in Nineveh, Iraq's logical auxiliary school. A carefully chosen test of sixty (60) understudies took part in the ponder. They were separated into two breaks even with bunches at irregular, one for the exploratory gather and one for the control bunch, each of which had thirty understudies. Both bunches were factually affirmed to be break-even. Recently, the guidelines mediation began in some imperative ranges, such as chronological age, IQ scores, and execution on pre-tests, aiming to gauge standard scientific information and capacities. The Kagan demonstration, which stresses agreeable learning, dynamic inclusion, and arranged team-based exercises that advance communication, collaboration, and basic considering, served as the establishment for the test group's directions methodology. The control bunch, on the other hand, was teaching utilizing customary instructing methods, which are ordinarily teacher-centered and generally depend on personal work and lecture-based conveyance. Over the semester, a careful accomplishment test was made with 25 objective multiple-choice questions that were mindfully made to assess an assortment of cognitive capacities, from application and examination to data review. To ensure its legitimacy and unwavering quality, the test experienced some rigid forms, such as master assessments and pilot testing. Both bunches were given the accomplishment test beneath standardized circumstances after the course hour. To find out on the off chance that the execution of the exploratory and control bunches contrasted factually altogether, the assembled information was inspected utilizing an autonomous tests t-test. At the alpha level of 0.05 (α ≥ 0.05), the investigation appeared a critical contrast in favor of the exploratory gather that was instructed utilizing the Kagan demonstration. The results offer solid confirmation of the Kagan model's useful impacts on pupils' scholastic execution in science. In addition to doing superior, to their partners within the control gather, understudies within the test bunch also appeared a more noteworthy comprehension and review of numerical thoughts. Concurring to this, the agreeable learning procedures included in Kagan's model think-pair-share, numbered heads together, and organized group roles enhance interpersonal communication aptitudes, empower a positive learning air, and energize more viable engagement with the fabric. These discoveries demonstrate how inventive, student-centered pedagogies can alter the elements of classroom instruction and raise scholarly guidelines within the setting of auxiliary instruction in Iraq. In arrange to advance more profound learning, basic considering, and scholarly execution among understudies, the think recommends a more extensive execution of the Kagan agreeable learning show in science preparation and maybe other logical themes.

Research around silymarin is blossoming towards a hopeful future. Silymarin is expected to play a key role in hepatoprotection, anti-cancer, and anti-neurodegenerative disease applications, as ongoing promising improvements in bio-microencapsulation and delivery systems (nanoparticle formulations, liposomal encapsulation, etc.) are expected to dramatically increase bioavailability and thus the efficacy of silymarin as a therapeutic compound. Its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are used and researched for a range of purposes including, skin, wound healing, and gut health. Additionally, there is interest surrounding the potential synergistic effects of silymarin in combination with other treatment modalities, including chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Studies of its role in personalized medicine will enable treatments to be more tailored to an individual’s genetic profile, making silymarin an even more effective choice for conditions like metabolic syndrome or liver disease. Innovations in eco-friendly methods of growing and extracting silymarin will contribute to the increased demand in a way that protects our planet as the world shifts toward sustainability. If silymarin continues to deliver on its promise of broad-ranging potential applications, it may one day become a critical therapeutic weapon in modern medicine.

This study examines the dual role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education, exploring the potential for enhancing the effectiveness of teaching while mitigating concerns that AI will replace human teachers. The problem surrounds the growing debate about whether AI augments or displaces teacher roles, particularly with AI technology like adaptive learning programs and automated grading systems gaining a deeper foothold in classrooms. The study aims to examine the current uses of AI in education and their effects on teachers' roles, investigate stakeholders' views of the advantages and challenges of AI, and determine the ethical and practical considerations of integrating AI, such as, data privacy and fairness of access. Based on mixed-methods research involving surveys and interviews among teachers, students, and administrators, the study identifies that 68% of the teachers and 75% of the administrators see AI as a facilitator for increasing personalized learning and administrative efficiency. However, twenty-two percent of the teachers are concerned with job displacement and de-skilling of human knowledge. Thematic analysis of the interview data prioritizes balancing the integration of AI with preserving pedagogy centered on humans, highlighting the essential contribution of teachers to social and emotional relationships. Ethical considerations of data privacy and unequal access to AI technology are also identified as critical challenges to implementation. Ultimately, this research advocates for an equilibrium approach to AI integration that maximizes its benefit while safeguarding human education's essence.

Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern, affecting 31% of pregnant women in Iraq and nearly half a billion women worldwide, which leads to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to quantify the frequency of anemia in pregnant women and identify potential demographic factors contributing to this condition. Materials and Methods: This study involved 213 pregnant women aged 16-43 in Al-Aziziyah City, Iraq, who underwent a complete blood count test from July to October 2024. Results revealed that pregnant women had average hemoglobin levels and packed cell volume values of (10.729 ± 0.8176 g/dL and 33.295 ± 2.446), respectively, among the participants, 74 were first-time mothers, with mean Hb levels and PCV values of (11.217 ± 0.771) g/dL and (34.959 ± 2.424), respectively. Interestingly, 139 women with a history of previous pregnancies had lower mean Hb levels and PCV values. Anemia prevalence was 30% among women under 20 and significantly higher among those over 20. Anemia was also more common among women with previous pregnancies (69.34%, 95/139) compared to first-time pregnancies (27%, 20/74). Conclusions: Pregnant women over 20 years with a history of previous pregnancies have a higher risk of anemia compared to younger women without such history.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the largest cause of mortality from cancer across the globe, and the burden of this disease has more than doubled over the course of the last quarter century. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to evaluate the level of Pyrin, Kelch-like Ech-associated Protein 1(KEAP1), and syntenin, in pancreatic patients and control. Materials and methods: This study took place in the northern Iraqi governorates between January and June 2024. A total of 60 patients, both men and women aged 40 to 80 years, were included in the study after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer by specialized physicians. The participants were categorized based on factors such as gender, age, BMI, and the type of treatment they received. For comparison, control groups were carefully matched to these patient groups. Result: Regarding, pyrin, and Keap1 levels which is decreased in the patient group were 316.96 ± 57.91, 247.11 ± 42.13 ng/L, compared to 625.25 ± 49.50, 454.89 ± 30.01 ng/L in controls (p<0.001). Regarding, Syntenin showed a slight but statistically significant increase in the patient group (1.997±0.178, 160.06±10.08 ng/L) compared to controls (1.119±0.100, 97.98±11.67ng/L, p<0.001), at p<0.001. Conclusion: The present study concluded decrease pyrin, Keap1 levels in the patient group, while an increase Syntenin in pancreatic patients.