IRAQ JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

The experiment was conducted in latifia date station which belong to Horticulture department l ministry of Agriculture during growth season 2016- 2017 on two varieties sukary (V1) Ashrasy (V2) three years old to study the effect of organic fertilization (Tickamin max) with three conc (0,50 and100) ml.l-1 and nutrient solution sargoon with three conc. Also (0,2.5 and 5) ml.l-1 in offshoot growth, leaves length lea length and numbers, Root number and length, leaves content a chlorophyll. 54 offshoot were choose similar in growth planted as square met with distances 4*4. first spraying treatment of a were done at 1.4.2016 and the second in 1.7.2016 the third in 1.10.2016 for the nutrient solution were done at 4.4.2016 for the first time, second in 4.7.2016 and the third 4.10.2016. The experiment was design as split block design where the variety represent principle block and the fertilization and nutrition solution represent second important replication. The results were compared between mea as multiple Duncan multiples borders. The result showed. Variety had significant effect is some vegetative parameter where Ashrasy had leaves number, chlorophyll contend, higher to second variety while sukary had highest value in root length, the percentage were 36.05%, 58.00 spad, 48.29 cm succively for the tar varieties, while three were no effect on other characters. fertilization (Tecamin max) effect referred to to superiority of third level (T2) in studied character which had superiority in leave length, member, leaflet, root number, chlorophyll content which were (36.03, 7.66, 17.83)%, 24.29 root, 60.76 spad unit succiverlty, while the second level (T1) had superiority in leaflet number, root length which were 5.84%, 46.34cm succirely. Sargoon nutrition effect, results referred to superiority of third level (S2) in most vegetative character in leaves number and length, leaflet numbers, root number, chlorophyll content which were 35.87%, 8.12%, 6.61%, 25 root, 59.27 spad unit succiverlty, while the second level had superiority is leaflet length, root length which wore (17.42, 49.92) cm. The bi - interaction and tri-interaction had significant effect in vegetative of sukry and Ashrasy character.

Field experiment was carried out at directorate Agricultural Research- Ministry of science and Technology. During the season 2015. To study the effect of some of bacterial fertilizers on germination, growth and yield of two cultivars. The design was RCBD factorial (2×6) with three replicates. The study included two factors the first factor were bacterial fertilizer (control, Azospirillium barsilense(B1), Azotobacter chrococum (B2), Azospirillium barsilens + fluorescens Pseudomona (B3), Azotobacter chrococum + fluorescens Pseudomona (B4) and B1 + B2 Pseudomona fluorescens + ((B5). The results showed significant increase in treatment B1 in germination rate 78.95% and chlorophyll content of leaves 75.88 mg g1-. The treatment B5 in leaf area (84.50 cm3) and yield plant (6.92 kg plant-1). The cultivar Top yield moral superiority as Charleston Gray on germination rate (74.40%) and yield plant (7.11 kg plant-1). While Charleston Gray had been increased significant in the content of the leaves of chlorophyll is (68.14 mg g-1) and leaf area (72.06 cm 2). The interaction treatment B5+ top yield were moral superiority in the percentage of germination (83.89%) and plant yield (8.70 kg plant-1).

An experiment was carried out under plastic house in Horticulture Dept.- Agric. Coll.-Baghdad Uni. In fill season 2016, to investigate the integrated fertilization effect on the productivity four eggplant verities, 24 research treatment was adopted as split plot as Random Complete Block Design, Bead Alagel (W), Black Beauty (B), Long Red (R) and Yashel (G) local verities adopted as main factor while Fertilizer treatment (sub factor) as control (0% orgnic-bio+0%mineral) T1, (0%orgnic-bio+100%mineral) T2, (25% orgnic-bio+75 %mineral) T3, (50%orgnic-bio+50%mineral) T4, (75% orgnic-bio+25%mineral) T5, (100% orgnic-bio+0% mineral) T6, NPK mineral fertilizer and Biohealth as organic –Bio fertilizer was used, results showed that long red gave higher plant height and increased plant fruits, Bead Alagel increased vegetative plant dry weight, chlorophyll, N%, plant yield and decreased NO3 of Fruits, (75% orgnic-bio+25%mineral) increased plant height and vegetative dry weight, (100% orgnic-bio+0%mineral) decreased fruits NO3.

An experiment was undertaken in spring season at Agric. Coll.-Baghdad Uni., to study the effect of neem leaf extract added in different methods in the quantitative productivity of two varieties of potatoes, RCBD design with three replication as split plot experiment was adopted, varieties (bureen and rivera) the main factor nutrient treatment (sub factor), The experiment contain 12 treatments, treatment was add as cow manure (5% of soil volume) (T3), irrigation with cow manure (T4), cow manure (5% of soil volume) with recommended treatment (T5), neem leaves extract spraying (2.5 g L-1) + cow manure (5%) (T6), neem leaves extract spraying (5 g L-1) + cow manure (5%) (T7), neem leaves extract spraying (7.5 g L-1) + cow manure (5%) (T8), neem leaves extract irrigation (25%) + cow manure (5%) (T9), neem leaves extract irrigation (50%) + cow manure (5%) (T10), neem leaves extract irrigation (75%) + cow manure (5%) (T11), neem leaves extract irrigation (100%) + cow manure (5%) (T9), further more recommended treatment (T2) and control (T1), all treatment replicated three times, The Results shown that bureen variety increased plant height, leaf number, plant yield, plant tuber number, Plant marketable tuber number, while rivera increase TSS, T7 increased plant height, T12 increased leaf number and tuber number, T11 increased plant yield and marketable plant yield, T9 increase marketable tuber number, T4 increase tuber hardness and T11increase TSS, T12 increase leaf number and T9 increased marketable tuber number and T4 increased tuber hardness in Burren Variety, T11 increased plant yield and marketable yield and T11 increased Tuber TSS in rivera Variety.

The effect of Gama rays on morphological characterizes of vegetative growth and microtuberization for two genotypes of Potato (Riviera and Bureen) were studied after planting at different levels of salt (6,8, 10 and 12 dS m-1), Microtuberization ability also studied under greenhouse condition. Results showed the inverse relation between increasing salt levels with number of shoots, roots length and plant height. The positive effect of radiation dose was also observed in improving tuber forming under saline levels compared with salt-free medium for all studied traits. The results of green house indicated the differences in the behavior of cultivated plants, the plants of non- irradiated Riviera and irradiated Riviera genotypes (in vitro cultivated at 6 dS m-1) were superior in % tuberization and mean weight of tubers reached 100% and 0.88 gm respectively, While plants of irradiated and non irradiated Bureen genotypes (in vitro cultivated at 6 dS m-1) were Superior in mean number and diameter of tubers reached 2.00 tuber/plant and 0.99 cm respectively as compared with other plants

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect a mixture of three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum, G. leptotichum and Rhizophagus intraradices) double and triple mixture and organic matter by using plastic pots in the greenhouse at some mycorrhiza and physiological limitations characteristics in tomato plant after four and eight weeks of cultivation. The results of the determinants mycorrhiza significant increase the percentage of mycorrhizal frequency F% dry weight of roots mycorrhiza (g.plant-1) and organic matter in all mycorrhiza single, double and triple mixture after four and eight weeks cultivation treatments. The highest percentage of mycorrhizal frequency and increase the dry weight of the root in the treatment of the mixture mycorrhiza triple and organic matter compared with the other treatments as well as the results after eight weeks cultivation higher than four weeks. The study showed that the total shoot and root dry weight and organic matter presence a significant increase in the total dry weight of shoot and root in single treatments and double and triple mixture and organic matter after four and eight weeks cultivation compared with the control treatment, and appeared the higher total dry weight of shoot of the plant in the treatment of the triple mycorrhiza mixture compared with other treatments and eight weeks after planting higher than four weeks Agriculture. Also caused all single, double and triple treatments mycorrhiza mixture and organic matter after eight weeks of Agriculture is also a significant increase in the elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as protein in the roots of tomato plants were treated triple mixture of all the elements and protein is higher than other treatments.

An experiment was carried out in one the a plastic house of the research station faculty of Agriculture, university of Baghdad in Jadiriyah for the autumn season 2016, to know the respone to the growth and productivity of the matrices of organic and mineral nutrients if sprayed plants and Folair leafy organic nutrients Disper humifer GS with three concentration that was (450-300-150-0 g/L) and three Mineral nutrient concentrates Disper Ca B sinergy (150-100-0 g/L). The results showed that both organic and mineral spraying was given an increase in plant height he reported 279.4 cm² and leaf area 291.2 dcm². plant-¹ vitality of pollen 79.4% number of fruits 93.0 (fruit /plant) and plant yield 8.02kg and 8.10kg in treatmeant A1B2 It has sprayed parameters interference with nutrients of the Increase qualities compared to water only control parameters .

ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out in one the plastic houses of the research station faculty of Agriculture, university of Baghdad in Jadiriyah for the autumn season 2016, to know the respone to the growth and productivity of the matrices of organic and mineral nutrients if sprayed plants and Foilar leafy organic nutrients Disper humifer GS with three concentration that was (450-300-150-0 g/L) and three Mineral nutrient concentrates Disper Ca B sinergy (150-100-0 g/L). The results showed that both organic and mineral spraying was given an increase in contract ratio, T.S.S, lycopene in fruits and average weight of fruit and total yield plant. Nutrient qualities compared to water only control parameters.

A field experiment was carried out in Horticulture Department farms of Agriculture College, Baghdad University, during the spring seasons of 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of wavelength which transmitted from tunnel cover on quality of tomato fruit under organic system. Split plot experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replicates was adapted under low tunnels conditions. The means were compared according to L.S.D. test at 5% significant level. Two factors were studied, the first was fertilizer type (main plots) which contained of control T0, cow manure 20% of soil volume T2, poultry manure 10% of soil volume T3, mix of half level of previous manure T4, mineral fertilizer T1, the second factor was tunnels cover color (sub plots) which contained Clear C, yellow Y, red R and blue B. Results showed that TSS, Acidity, Vit C. in first season, Beta caroten increased in T2 treatment, Y treatment increased acidity, TSS and vit. C increased R cover treatment, T2R increased TSS while acidity increased T1C and T4Y, T2B and T3Y increased fruit Vit. C for two seasons, T4Y and T2Y increased beta caroten for two season, From the results can be concluded that growing tomato plants under yellow cover enhanced most characters study with cow manure under organic system.

The study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014 to study the genetic distance of selected mutants (M2) designated (9A و 2SA+6A و 2SA و 4SA+3A) under salt stress using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The analysis of the genetic distance of these selected mutants in addition to control plants was carried out. The results showed the similarities and differences between the selected mutants. The highest rate of similarity corresponds to less genetic distance (0.02) between select 9A و2SA+6A and the distance 0.50 selected between 2SA and 4SA+3A. The results also showed that the highest genetic distance was among the Red Stone and among the other lines was (1) there was also a similar genetic distance (1.00) between 9A and 2SA and between 9A and 4A + 3A, also between 2SA and 2SA + 6A, as well as between SA + 6A and 4SA + 6A.

Factorial experiment (3×3) was carried out on two pure strain with their hybrid of cucumber plant to study the efficiency of bio-fertilizers in same nutrient element concentration, IAA concentration and fruit quality parameters.
the experiment design according to the randomize complete block design (RCBD)in three replication included two factors, the first factor was contain three genotype P1, P2 and H whereas P1 ,P2 are the pure strain parent for their hybrid H, while the second facto included three bio-fertilizer B0,B1 and B2, as B1was the control treatment, B1and B2 included two combination of bio-fertilizer As the combination B1=Azotobacter chroococcum (Az.1) + Pseudomonas.florescens (Ps.1) and combination B2= T. harzianum (T.26) + A. chroococcum (Az.1) + P. florescens (Ps.1).
The results showed a significant superior in the tri mixture of B1 , B2 and the hybrid H compared with P1+ P2 treatment's, as B2+H treatment the best value N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn, IAA in shoot, fruit length, fruit diameter, their weight, the percentage of proteins and carbohydrates of fruits, as it (4.41 and 4.16), (0.58 and 0.45), (2.64 and 1.68)% and (263.0, 233.0), (140.0 and 134.0), (76.9 and 61.0)mg.kg-1 for spring and autumn respectably and 0. 024mg.gm dry tissue -1 during spring growing seasons and (26.2 and 26.1) cm, (32.4 and 31.6)ml, (107.2 and 106.0)gm, (14.87 and 14.06)% protein and (31.0 and 29.5)% carbohydrate for spring and autumn respectably, Which the less value for those indicators in the P1+Bo treatment as registered ((3.72 and 3.48), (0.47 and 0.32), 2.13 and 1.57))%, ((237.0 and 212.0), (125.0 and 114.0), (62.0 and 54.0)) mg.kg-1 during the two growing seasons and 0.0115024mg.gm dry tissue -1 and (20.1 and 20.0)Cm , (28.0 and 27.7)ml, (95.5 and 92.5) gm , (13.93 and 13.18)% and (26.3 and 25.4)% during the two seasons.

The current study included two experiments. The first experiment was conducted during spring season (2013) to produce cucumber hybrids, Five pure cucumber lines were used as females and three pure lines as males. The second experiment was conducted during autumn season (2013), the parents and the hybrids from the first experiment and the control hybrid (Ghazer) were used to study hybrid vigor, gene action and other genetic parametars. The genetic and statistical analysis showed significant differences among the parents and the resulting hybrids in most studied traits. It was found that the best hybrid was (P5xT6) in plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, number of fruits and yield plant as averages (171.86 cm, 29.00, 4.60,28.66 , 1.971) respectively. Most of the studied traits were over dominance type. The proportion of the broad sense heritability was high in all the studied traits 0.714 in yield of plant, while the proportion of the narrow sense heritability was low in most attributes 0.002 in number of branches and the number of fruits.

A field experiment was conducted in lath house, Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Collage of Agriculture, University of Tikrit during season 2015-2016, to know effect of the planting depth and spray with seaweed extract in vegetative and flowering growth. design of (RCBD) tow planting depths 8 and 12 cm and spray with seaweed extract with three concentrations (0, 1.5 and 3 ml. L-1). Result show that depth of 12 cm caused a significant increase in plant height 44.55 cm and did not have any effect on the number of leaves and their content of chlorophyll, treatment of seaweed spray with a concentration of 3 ml. L -1 caused significant increase in period of survival of the flower on the plant 10.36 days. The highest weight and diameter of the onion was 21.04 g and 2.97 cm respectively for the treatment of the interaction between the depth of 8 cm and the spray with seaweed extract at a concentration of 3 ml. L-1.

The experiment was carried out in the green houses research station (B) in the College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad / Aljadrya campus during the spring season of 2016 to study the effect of bacterial biofertilizers (N2) fixes Rhizobium phaseoli, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Azospirillum brasilense and molybdenum on growth and yield of green beans in the plastic house . the experiment was conducted according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications each included 11 treatments represent the interactions between nitrogen fixing bacteria isolates, molybdenum application, molybdenum and bacteria isolates interactions, in addition to the recommended nitrogen application and control treatment. Results were analyzed using the least significant differences (LSD) test at 5% level of significance. Results showed treatment (T6) gave the highest P % in leaves (0.25 (%. Treatment included all bacteria isolates and Mo (T11) gave the most significant potassium in leaves (3.31%) and increased the number of root nodules per plant 51.83 nod.plant -1 , solo Mo treatment (T3) gave the highest concentration of Mo in leaves (1.45 ml.kg-1(, T7 gave the most significant proteins percentage in pods (17.08 %). As for the T10 results showed significant less percentage of fibers (1.32%). As for T2 treatment was gave significantly increase N% in leaves (4.67(%, Fe concentration in leaves (236.38 ml.kg-1), the main root length, root surface area that reached 41.67 cm , 208.63 cm2 respectirely , plant height, number of leaves in plant , shoot dry weight per plant of 238.67 cm , 32.80 leaf .plant -1, 70.56 g.plant -1 respectirely , pod’s length, number of pods per plant and plant yield of 16.37 cm , 43.97 pod. plant -1 and 427.33 g. plant-1 respectirely.

The experiment was design as factorial according to the Random Complete Block statistical design (RCBD) conducted in the open field of a research station (A) in the college of Agriculture, University of Baghdad al-jadriyah complex to examine the effect of nitrogen (urea) and cytokinin (KT-30) foliar application on growth, production and yield quality of Okra cv.Betera during the season of 2016, at three replications which included two factors: the first was adding urea directly to the soil at 182 kg N ha-1 (universally recommended) as control treatment in addition to spraying with three levels of nitrogen at 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg.L-1. The second factor was spraying with three levels of cytokinin at 0, 10 and 20 mg.L-1. Means were compared following the least significant differences (LSD) at 5% level of significance. The results were as follow:-A significant effect was noticed regarding the different levels of nitrogen and cytokinins in most growth traits under investigation where the 3000 mg.L-1 nitrogen foliar application significantly increased the number of secondary branches, the content of the leaves of chlorophyll, shoot dry and weight N percentage in leaves which reflected positively on the amount of the result of the number of pods (68.50 pod.plant-1) and yield.plant-1 (373.0 g.plant-1) when compared with other treatments. Nevertheless, the highest plant height was recorded at 5000 mg.L-1 nitrogen. In addition, recorded where plants sprayed with 20 mg.L-1 KT-30 significantly increased the number of secondary branches, shoot dry weight and yield.plant-1 (370.5 g.plant-1) compared with other treatments while the control treatment gave the highest plant height, the content of the leaves of chlorophyll and N percentage in leaves when compared with the other treatments, while the 10 mg.L-1 of KT-30 gave the highest the number of pods (66.17 pod.plant-1) when compared with the control treatment. and As for the interaction, a significant effect was also observed in term of tested when the 3000 mg.L-1 N and 20 mg.l-1 cytokinin treatment scored the highest in the number of secondary branches and shoot dry weight when compared with the other treatments. However 5000 mg.l-1 with 0 mg.l-1 cytokinin gave the highest plant height and N percentage in leaves compared with the control treatment, while recorded where plants sprayed with 3000 mg.L-1 N and 10 mg.L-1 cytokinin gave the highest pod’s number (77.64 pod.plant-1) and yield.plant-1 (424.2 g.plant-1) when compared with the control treatment.

In the current study, the concentration of contamination of some medicinal plants (Trigonella, Carum petroselinum and Piper nigrum(, were measured of heavy metals for dry weight of plants planted in polluted areas in Adhamiya, taken which after one month of cultivation in green house, and compared with plants grown in non polluted areas )Department of Biology-AL-Mustansiriyah University(. The concentrations of toxic heavy metals were measured by XRF (X-ray fluorescence).
The results showed that the concentration of cadmium(Cd) differed according to the plants used in the experiment, The highest concentration was in Carum petroselinum where it reached (118±0.6 mg / kg), while Cd in Piper nigrum samples recorded the lowest concentration (18±1.2 mg / kg). The concentration of copper (Cu) in the Piper nigrum was the highest(6.1± 0.82 mg / kg), and in Trigonella decreased by (3 ± 0.95 mg / kg ), while the lead component (Pb) recorded (150 ± 5 mg / kg) in the Trigonella and (98± 5.5 mg / kg ) in Carum petroselinum. Manganese(Mn) recorded (257±3.8 mg / kg) in Trigonella ,followed by (126± 4.9 mg / kg) in Carum petroselinum and the lowest percentage was recorded in Piper nigrum (5 ± 0.25 mg / kg). It was noticed that the concentration of the toxic heavy metals were different within the plant parts of the same plant, where the highest values were recorded in the leaves compared to other parts .By comparing the concentration of elements in the various plants used in the experiment with the minimum and upper safe limits of the heavy metals approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and agriculture organization (FAO) in food and vegetables, It was noted that the pollution is very high and that plants cultivated in Adhamiya is unsafe for human consumption.