Psychological Science

Abstract
Education in general and higher education in particular in many countries over the last two decades have undergone a radical reform movement, introducing new concepts such as real assessment and quality. To achieve excellence for the university graduate to allow him to meet the challenges in the labor market and in life in general. The evaluation process in general and evaluation of students in particular is one of the key elements in the concept of quality as it provides the opportunity to follow the progress towards the goals and identify the opportunities for development and compare performance to the criteria set for continuous development. Therefore, the current research aims to answer the following questions:

- What is the real calendar of students, and objectives and the most important strategies?
What is Quality in Higher Education?
- What is the relationship between real calendar and quality assurance?
- What is the proposed model for the real evaluation of students in light of ensuring the quality of higher education?

A proposed model for the real evaluation of students in light of the quality assurance of higher education is based on four elements (educational goals, calendar tasks, evaluation strategies, assessment tools). The feedback was played a major role in the development of this model, with the data provided for each element of the model. The evaluation strategies and the activities included in each strategy were explained, as well as the use of this model in proposing models for the assessment tasks of the Educational and Psychological Sciences Department at the College of Education for Girls Baghdad University. A number of recommendations have been made, including a recommendation to the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research to take advantage of the proposed model for the real evaluation of students in light of ensuring the quality of higher education to improve the performance of students and educational institutions at the same time. Competencies of students in the educational and psychological departments.

Abstract :
The research aims to identify : Decentralization of middle school students.
Differences in Moral Decomposition by Sex Variant (Males, Females)
The research is determined by students of the fourth grade preparatory class (morning study) in the center of Diwaniyah for the academic year 2017-2018. The research society is represented by the students of the fourth stage in the center of Diwaniyah city (4496) students and students (1589) (12) schools for boys, (19) girls' schools, the total number of students in junior high schools for males (567) students, while the number of female students in secondary schools (899) female students. The sample was chosen in a random stratified manner with equal distribution, Pulled a sample of 400 students divided between the fourth stage only for both sexes (males and females) and by (9%) were pulled at random from eight schools,
مركز البحوث النفسية
27
المجلد
30
2019
العدد
2
including four schools for males and 4 schools for females by 200 students and 200 female students. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher was required to create two measures to measure the variables of the research. Therefore, the researcher adopted a foreign measure to measure the moral decoupling of Labandora (2001) and from (Zeldman, 2014). For the purpose of measuring the moral disengagement, the researcher presented it to a group of arbitrators, (32) divided between (4) fields, and three alternatives (I agree, reluctant, reject) weights (3, 2, 1) Respectively . The statistical characteristics of the two measurements of the truth were verified by the methods of honesty, honesty, and stability in the following ways: test and retest, and the method of Vaccronbach. The statistical data were processed using the statistical bag of social sciences.
1- The students of the preparatory stage have a moral disconnection.
2 - There are no differences in the relationship in the variable moral disengagement in the sample of males and females.
The researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract
This research aims at identifying (the effect of Bayer\'s strategy on the achievement of geography in second grade students). In order to achieve the research objective, the following zero hypothesis was developed:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average score of students (experimental group) who study the geography of the Arab world according to the Bayer strategy and the average score of students (control group). Who study the same material according to the traditional method.
The researcher adopted a experimental design of the type of designs with partial control, which is the design of the control group with the test. The random sample of the Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Karkh III randomly selected the two populations (A and B) in a random way to represent the sample of the research. The experimental group and the control group (B) ) With 38 students in the experimental group and 38 students in the control group. The researcher was rewarded between the two research groups in a number of variables, which have an effect on the results of the experiment (age, previous knowledge, level of intelligence).
The researcher also identified the four levels of Bloom\'s classification (knowledge, understanding, application, analysis), and in light of this, the researcher identified the educational material that included the third and fourth chapters and the second part of the geography book of the Arab world to be taught for the academic year 2017-2018. The researcher prepared behavioral goals, reaching (155) goals. He also prepared daily model plans to teach the adult group (15) a plan for each group.
The researcher prepared the achievement test in the geography of the Arab world for the second intermediate grade, which included (40) multiple choice types, and verified its validity, stability, coefficient of difficulty and the discriminatory power of its paragraphs, and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives, then applied it to the two groups after the completion of the experiment, For two independent samples, the study yielded the following results:
- There is a statistically significant difference between the average score of the students of the experimental group who study the geography of the Arab world according to the Bayer strategy and the average score of the control group students who study the same material in the traditional way of achievement and for the experimental group.
In the light of the results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals

The objective of the current research was to identify the Parents Treatment styles and its relation to aggressive behavior among middle school students, the sample included (100) students in the middle stage , the researcher used the descriptive approach ,the research results resulted in the following.,1. the most prominent Parents Treatment styles came as follows, Over-Protection ,cruelty , oscillation ,neglect. 2.There are statistically differences between males and females in Parents Treatment styles followed by parents,3.There are no statistically significant differences between males and females in the problem of aggressive behavior where they do not have aggressive behavior ,4. There is a correlation between parents treatment styles and aggressive behavior ,the research concluded with a set of recommendations in view of the results of the research.
Key words: Parents Treatment Styles Aggressive Behavior

The goal of current research to the study of the intellectual level of security to the Iraqi armed forces and the level of affiliation to the homeland and the relationship between the two variables intellectual security and national belonging, use the measurements of national belonging, security and intellectual reach and achieve the goals of search dish scales on a sample of 100 individual members of the Iraqi armed forces and the ranks of military following (captain / lieutenant / lieutenant first / deputy officer), search found the following results:
- There is a high level of security with the intellectual level of the armed forces and there is no any deviations ideological or sectarian despite what passed our country from the dissolution of the security and the wave of ferocious aggression against our homeland and despite the electronic campaigns Wahhabi complex intellectual and interested in the demolition of Iraqi thought.
- There is a high level of national responsibility and national belonging to the level of our armed forces.
- There is a high positive correlation between the two variables intellectual security and national belonging.

The mental motivation is one of the most important subjects in the psychology as it is intimately associated with the perceptive, remembering, imaginative and educational process which are the subjective and motivated power of human behavior and guide it to reach the needful ends of human. Therefore, human became needy to use his mental process according to the development and problem of society.De Bono indicated that the mental motivation is the basic element in generating creativity or what so called lateral thinking as it leads to generate new perception, conception and thoughts. The sample of research concluded students from high school in Kirkuk (2017-2018).
The aim of the study is to know:
1-The level of the mental motivation of high school students.
2- The level of the mental motivation according to gender.
To reach these aims, the searcher has used the scale of the mental motivation which prepared by (Al –Farraji,2011). This scale has four scopes which represent the aspects of the mental motivation. Credibility of this scale has been offered to a group of experts and its stability rate was0. 83. Then the scale has been used on a sample of 120 students, the results were
1-High school student has a good mental motivation.
2-There is no difference among male and female in mental motivation which means that male and female have a convergent mental motivation and this belongs to the convergence in the perceptive, mental and intellective level of both genders.
The searcher has given recommendations

The aims of study:
1 - Identify the level of self- efficiency among university students.
2- Identify the significance of the difference in self - efficiency according to the gender variable (male - female) among university students.
3- Identify the level of university combination among the students.
4- Identify the significance of the difference in university integration according to the gender variable (male - female) among university students.
5- Identify the correlation between the two research variables (self-efficacy and university integration) in the sample of the research as a whole.
The sample of 125 students was selected from four faculties in the University of Baghdad (College of Engineering, Science, Media, Political Science). The study reached the following results:
1 - The research sample of university students have self-efficacy.
There is no difference between males and females in self-efficacy.
3 - that the sample of research from university students have a university integration.
4 - There is a difference between male and female in university integration and in favor of males.
5. There is no correlation between self-efficacy and university integration of the sample as a whole.

Emotional Confidence and its relationship with the Productive habits of mind
of the educational supervisors
The aims of the search are the following :
1- Measuring Emotional Confidence of the educational supervisors sample of the research .
2 – Recognizing the difference in Emotional Confidence according to the gender variable of the educational supervisors sample of the research .
3 - Measuring The Productive habits of mind of the educational supervisors sample of the research .
4 - Recognizing the differences in Productive habits of mind according to the gender variable of the educational supervisors sample of the research .
5 – Measuring relationship between Emotional Confidence and the Productive habits of mind according to the gender variable of the educational supervisors sample of the research 6 – Measuring the contribution of Emotional Confidence on the Productive habits of mind of the educational supervisors sample of the research .
To achieve the aims of the research , the researcher did the below:
Constructed a scale of Emotional Confidence and a scale of the Productive habits of mind which consisted of (20 ) items , after finishing conditions of validity reliability and distinguishing the items , The search limits to the educational supervisors at educational directions in Baghdad governorate for the academic year 2018 – 2019 , the community of the search consists of (1149 ) educational supervisors , ( 628 ) males and (521 ) females , on six directorates in Baghdad governorate the sample is selected randomly as ( %20 ) from the original community , the selected sample consists of ( 230 ) educational supervisors as ( 126 ) males and (104 ) females ,the search depends on descriptive method ,to achieve the objectives of the search , the researcher has applied the 2 scales on the search sample , using the bag statistical (SPSS ) the data has analyzed .
The researcher comes up to the following :
1 - Educational supervisors the sample of the research has Emotional Confidence .
2 – There are individuals differences in Emotional Confidence for the females of the educational supervisors sample of the research .
3 - Educational supervisors the sample of the research has The Productive habits of mind
4 – There are no individuals differences in the Productive habits of mind between males and females of the educational supervisors sample of the research .
5 - There is correlation between Emotional Confidence and the Productive habits of mind of the educational supervisors sample of the research .
6 - Emotional Confidence contributes at ( .211 ) to Productive habits of mind of the educational supervisors sample of the research .
According to the results that the search has come out with some recommends and suggestions .

The kindergarten stage is one of the most important stages in which a child plays a major role in his / her health, psychological and social development, and in view of the growing interest in the need to enable children to enjoy their different rights, kindergartens can play a major role in achieving this empowerment. Because the Riyadh teacher is the basis of kindergartens, the study aimed to identify the awareness of kindergarten teachers about the rights of the child, whether at the cognitive level or the level of practice and empowerment of these rights. The study was applied to a sample of 100 kindergartens working in 50 public and private kindergartens in Baghdad governorate. A scale of awareness of children\'s rights was distributed to identify their demographic and discriminatory characteristics and to measure their responses to various child rights indicators. The study found that kindergarten teachers are aware of the different rights of the child to varying degrees. They also exercise these rights and the children are able to varying degrees. The variables of the number of years of experience and academic qualification have no effect on the teachers\' awareness of these rights at the level of knowledge, level of practice and empowerment.

Aims of the research and Hypotheses:
1.Identifying the self- Admiration of the Intermediate students stage.
2.Establishinga Counseling program(Cognitive behavioral Therapy Style)on Reducing the Self-Admiration of in termed stage students.
3. .Identifying the Counseling Training program in accordance with (Cognitive behavioral Therapy Style) on recording the self- Admiration of Intermediate stage students by choosing the following(Hypotheses research):
a. There are no statistically significant differences between the rinks of the degree of the control group in the par and post test on the Self-Admiration in the scale.
b. There are no statistically significant differences between the rinks of the degree of experimental group in the par and post test on the Self-Admiration scale of after the application of the counseling Training program in accordance with (Cognitive behavioral Therapy Style).
c. There are no statistically significant differences between the rinks of the degree of experimental group and control group in the par test on self-Admiration scale after the application of the counseling Training program in accordance with (Cognitive behavioral Therapy Style).
the Study Procedures:
1.Sample: the study sample consists of (24) students of Scand and third Intermediate class and randomly divided in two groups(control and experimental),(12) students for each group.
2. Study Instruments:
a. -Establishing self-Admiration scale which consist of (27) Items.
b. Identifying the Counseling program(Cognitive behavioral Therapy Style) on recording the self- Admiration of Intermediate stage students which consist of (11) session.
The results of the study are:
The study proved the aims and proved the authenticity of its hypotheses and proved the effect of the counseling Training program(proposed )in accordance with (Cognitive behavioral Therapy Style) on students Intermediate stage, of the experimental group , It helped improve the students on Reducing the (self- Admiration) In the light of the results a number of recommendations and Suggestions have been made to Reducing the (self- Admiration).

The study aims at recognizing the following :
1. Meta-emotion among carers working in elderly homes.
2. Self-efficiency among carers working in elderly homes.
3. Significance Differences of Meta-emotion among carers working in elderly homes according to gender (male- female). And experiences years.
4. Significance Differences of Self-efficiency among carers working in elderly homes according to gender (male- female). And experiences years.
5. The correlation between Meta-emotion scale and Self-efficiency one among carers working in elderly homes

To achieve that, the researchers selected random sample consisting of (100) males and females carers working at elderly homes in Baghdad where data processed by Spss.

the results of this research are,
1. the Sample is characterized by the feeling of Meta-emotion.
2. the Sample is characterized by the feeling of Self-efficiency.
3. There are significant differences in Meta-emotion according to gender variable in favor of females.
4. There are significant differences in Meta-emotion according to experiences years variable.
5. There are significant differences in Self-efficiency according to gender variable in favor of females.
6. There are significant differences in Self-efficiency according to experiences years variable in favor of more experiences years.
7. There is strong correlation between Meta-emotion and Self-efficiency variables.
Finally, the researchers concludes their study with some of recommendations and suggestions

Learning disorders are one of the problems of the world, with their different cognitive and behavioral influences.
The current research objective was to detect learning disorders and to identify the relationship between learning disorders and achievement.
After the questionnaire was prepared by the researcher and applied it on students and the statistical analysis of the data, were made the research came out with a conclusions, recommendations and proposals as follow:,
Preparing research study with students in the academic stages at the level of Iraq to study learning disorders and problems.
The role of the first grade teacher in the detection of learning disorders and the discovery of the pupils mental abilities..
Establishment of a scientific institution dealing with disorders of learning.
- Preparation of programs to educate people in the media about the seriousness of learning disorders
Key Words :Learning Disorders, Academic Achievement, Students

The study is aimed to identify the life satisfaction and the existential anxiety for elderly persons, according to the variables of gender (male and female) and profession (retired, employee). In addition, the study aimed to investigate the strength and the direction of the correlation between life satisfaction and existential anxiety.
Furthermore, the study aimed to identify the extent of the contribution of the life satisfaction factors (accept life and achievements, accept self, accept others).
Two hundred and fifty elderly were selected randomly to participate in this study. Many statistics methods were used such as (one sample t-test, two ways Anova, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis).
The results showed that the elderly had a level of life satisfaction, while no existential anxiety was found.
In terms of the difference in life satisfaction and existential anxiety according to the profession and gender, the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in life satisfaction according to profession.
However, the results have found that there is a significant difference in life satisfaction according to the gender; male showed a higher level of life satisfaction than female.
Whereas, no significant difference was found in existential anxiety according to gender.
Finally, the results found that there is a statistically significant inverse correlation between life satisfaction and existential anxiety among the elderly.

The present study aims at finding out:,Over excitability of the university students.,The differences in overexcitability according to the variables of gender (male-female) and specialty (scientific- humanity) of the university students.,The more obvious over excitability type of university students,.The researcher constructs the over excitability scale according to five types The sample of the present study is (500) students. They are selected stratified randomly method from university of Baghdad, fourth grader (250) male (scientific and humanity) and (250) female (scientific and humanity). ,. After gathering the data and analyzing them statistically, the results show that:,The university students have overexcitability.,There are no statistically significant differences in overexcitability according to the variables of gender (male-female) and specialty (scientific- humanity) of the university students and there is not interaction between the variables (gender and specialty)., The more obvious over excitability type of university students are: (emotional, sensual, imaginational, psychomotor and intellectual).

The current study aims to identify the domestic violence of adolescents according to the variables of gender and grade, as well as the identification of impulsivity in adolescents according to the two variables of gender and grade, in addition to the relationship between family violence and adolescent violence according to the two variables of gender and grade.
In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher adopts the scale of family violence prepared by Rand Rahim Abd 2010, which was built in the light of Pandora's theory, consists of (39) items divided into three fields (physical violence, verbal violence, symbolic violence), The researcher also adopts the barometer of (Barrett,1995) which consists of( 21) items on three dimensions (the motor impulse, the motion of the movement, the lack of planning, and the cognitive rush),The researcher investigates the psychometric properties of the two research tools and she applies the scale to a sample of (400) male and female students who were selected
The results obtained from the present study show that the samples of present study have suffered from family violence to a moderate extent, and that the sample of the present study is characterized by impulsivity. Moreover, there is also a positive relationship and statistical function between family violence and impulsivity in adolescents.
In light of the results, the researcher comes up with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.
Keywords : Domestic Violence , impulsivity

The current research aims mainly at measuring the quality of life of academic women in universities and their sources of quality of life as well as other objectives related to the nature of the difference in quality of life according to a number of demographic variables such as specialization (scientific, humane), scientific title (Professor, Teacher, assistant teacher). The current research has been determined by a sample of (190) Baghdad university teaching women which were chosen according to the above variables.
In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a scale to measure the quality of life and then verified its psychometric properties and settled on (28) items with a scale of (5) points. After analyzing the data using a single sample and two independent samples and Anova , the research reached the following results;
1. There is a high level of quality of life in the research sample.
2. Quality of life sources for university academiec women are as follows: social relations, physical health, psychological health, spiritual aspects, independence and environmental aspects.
3. There is no statistically significant difference in the quality of life among the scientific and humanities of the teaching staff in the current research sample.
4. There is no statistically significant difference in the quality of life according to the variable scientific title (assistant teacher, teacher, assistant professor, professor) in the current research sample.
In the light of the results achieved, a number of recommendations and proposals were made.

Children are a human resource full of abilities, talents, energies and desires and full of exploration and curiosity , so they may be exposed to many situations where they are more vulnerable than others to be affected by the surrounding environmental influences And therefore are more sensitive to the interaction with those effects and may result in this case the destruction of their internal presence as they may have negative personalities because of watching some satellite channels that broadcast the cartoons in an unthought, for the purposes of profitability only and achieve high viewing rates. The films of the cartoon works to provide children with many behaviors and concepts that may be deposited in them and thus may be part of their personalities and thus determine the problem of the current research that these films may lead to the acquisition of children based on myths and therefore may be shaped the child's personality accordingly or may Lead to concepts full of violence and aggression. 

The importance of this research is derived from the importance of the sample in the research and the variables
The aim of this research is to know the following :
1. The emotional experience of the students of the Fine Art colleges.
2. The crystallized intelligence at the students of the Fine Art colleges.

To achieve the targets of the research , the researcher performed the following:
1. The Adopting of " Stanford- Bieneh"(The fourth image) and it was comprised from seven fields and 137 items. It was in according the theory of(Cattel).
The researcher concluded the psychometric characters for the three measures and applied them on the sample which was(600) students from the universities : Baghdad , Babil and Diyala / the colleges of Fine Art / The morning study. The researcher used the statistical bag(SPSS) in analyzing the data and she reached the following results :
1. The students have the emotional experience.
2. The students have the crystallized intelligence.
At the light of the results of this research , the researcher has reached for a group of the suggestions and the recommend-dations.

The study a imed at knowing the effictiveness of Jigsaw strategy on the achievement of ( Fourth – Stage Femal ) Students in the history of Islamic Arab civilization as compared with the tradilional method . To a chieve this aim, the researcher Put the Followins hypo thesis.
There is no difference of statistical Significance between the mean of the Students achievement of the experimental group who Study History according to Jigsaw Strategy and the mean of the Students achievement of the control group who Study History according to the traditional method on( 0,05 level) . The researcher has chosen Al – Iraqia preparatory school for girls in Al- Khalis District in Diyala Governorate randomly . The rescarcher has chosen two Sections , the First one (A)which represented the control group contained (43)Students who has being tauyht according to the traditional method while the second section ( B) which represented the experimental group andit contained (42) Students who has being taught according to Jigsaw strategy teaching , the researcher has matched the Students of the two groups in som of the variables Statistically. Among these the age of Students accounted by months , the scores of Students on History .
The researcher has Srecified the Subjects matters which will be taught in the experiment , the researcher has Formel (103) behaviouval objective which have been exposed to a jury of experts and Specialists , then , the resecarcher has Compiled lesson plans in teaching the Subjects of the experiment For the two groups , the experimental and the control group. The researcher has exposeal two models of these plans to a jury of experts and specialists . The researcher herself taught the two groups. The researcher has contructed achievement test in the Subject of History which consists of (50 ) item of multiple choice test and with Four allernative. The researcher has assured of the Validity and reliability of the test and its objectivity . The test has been Conducted to the Students of the twoyroups at the end of the experiment which lasted .
After analyzing the data by using t-test independent Samples , the rescarcher has Concluded that there is a difference of Statistical Signifcance between the means of the Students achievement of the two groups at the Signifcance level (0,05 ) For the experimental group who has being taught according to Jigsaw Strategy .

The study aims to identify the post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) among a sample of displaced students who moved from three different universities namely (university of Mosul, university of Tikrit, and university of Al-Anbar) to the University of Baghdad. 78 male and 72 female students were chosen randomly from four different colleges at the University of Baghdad namely (college of art, college of languages, college of Ibn Rushd College, and college of politics sciences) for the academic year (2015-2016). To measure the disorders among the study sample, the researcher adopted Al-kubaisy scale (1999) for the post-traumatic stress disorders which consists of (17) items distributed over four criteria. The results revealed a significant difference between male and female in post-traumatic stress disorders in favour of females as well as the criteria (b) showed more contribution than (c) and (d).