Ivy Lee Journal for Public Relations

The study seeks to trigger implications regarding the variance in the use of the methods and propaganda strategies adopted for anti-propaganda based on the contents of the news bulletins on the Al-Iraqiya News and iNews channels when dealing with the news about the Israeli threats to Iraq, the research problem was reflected in a major question: What were the considerations and bases which Al-Iraqiya News and iNews channels pursued in the use of anti-propaganda in their bulletins through dealing with the news of Israeli threats against Iraq? Included in that was then which form and content the Israeli threat bulletins had on the two research channels.
This study is descriptive research using survey methods in its descriptive and analytical forms. The sample covered 244 news bulletins of both channels during the time in question. The researcher uses Only (37) of them, However, the news bulletins chosen from Al-Iraqiya and 37 News bulletin broadcasts at 8:00 pm in time, as well as gaining other (37) news bulletins on iNEWS at 10:00 pm.
Observation and a content analysis form were the main tool of the researcher which validity and reliability tests were operated, the researcher then reviewed news articles about Israeli threat to Iraq, drawing the following conclusions:
1. Al-Iraqiya News directed its counter-propaganda activities toward the need to agitate national feelings of Iraqis in its response to Israeli threats, while Irag REPORTING demonstrated the popular support for the combatants in Iraq, statistically significant differences were found in the table of general objectives of anti-propaganda at a level of significance of 0.05 (Chi-square test).
2. The counter-propaganda approaches differed between the two channels. Al-Iraqiya News relied mainly on illustrating the power of the Iraqi army and the PMF among which, iNEWS tried to attack the legitimacy and discredit the objective existence of the threats of Israel to Iraq, the differences were also significant in the chart of counter-propaganda strategies at p=0.05 using Chi-square tests.
3. On both channels they resorted to counter-propaganda methods to confront threats by the Israelis, the most widely employed approach on Al-Iraqiya News was defending from opponent’s propaganda whereas iNEWS favored attacking the opponent, statistical analysis Words Mediabase compared the strategies adopted by the two channels, and significant differences were found at 0.05 by means of the Chi-square test.

The present research addresses the contribution of public relations practices to the development of factors that shape job satisfaction among employees of Iraqi Airways. Beyond its organizational scope, the study considers how digital media applications can be employed to disseminate a culture of satisfaction and support the continuous growth of human resources. In doing so, it also seeks to connect institutional outcomes with the broader framework of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
The findings point to several significant variables. Foremost among them are the fairness demonstrated by direct supervisors (24.5%), the willingness of senior management to engage with employees’ proposals for improving work processes (21%), and efforts to strengthen staff competencies and encourage innovative performance (15.7%).
In addition, the analysis highlights the impact of administrative conditions such as salary level, academic qualification, and working hours (33.75%); technical considerations, particularly the availability of modern engineering equipment (43.75%); and job-related elements including task variety, the substance of work, and the assumption of additional responsibilities (48.75%).

The research problem is defined by determining the extent to which media college students' use of digital media contributes to the development of their media skills. In this study, the researcher employed a quantitative survey method, using an online questionnaire as a data collection tool. The sample consisted of 400 purposively selected students from media colleges across the Republic of Iraq who use or rely on digital media, representing various social, cultural, and economic backgrounds. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the "Uses and Effects" approach.
The study reached several key findings, most notably: the vast majority of media college students (93.5% of the sample) always use digital media. Furthermore, a significant proportion of the students (60.2%) heavily rely on digital media. The smartphone ranked highest among the digital devices preferred by students for browsing digital media, with a usage rate of 99%. Additionally, a large percentage of students (67.3%) reported having strong motivations for using digital media. A high proportion (76%) regularly interact with their peers through digital media, and 66% of them have a moderate level of trust in the information published on these platforms.

Research Title: Frameworks for News Coverage of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Iraqi Satellite Channels - An Analytical Study.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease spread in our country, Iraq, at the end of 2024 and continued until the beginning of 2025. It was a media topic worthy of analytical study. This research aims to uncover the frameworks for news coverage of foot-and-mouth disease in Iraqi satellite channels, most importantly the frameworks of the causes of the disease spreading, the consequences that resulted from it, and the proposed solutions for dealing with it. It is considered descriptive research based on the method of content analysis using an analysis form. A comprehensive inventory of (20) reports was conducted On some of Iraqi channels, the most significant findings were: The focus was on the causes of the disease, with the primary cause being (mixing of livestock with imported infected livestock), followed by the consequences of the disease, including (large numbers of animals dying), and finally, the focus on solutions to the disease, with the highest being (banning the movement of animals in infected areas and between governorates)

is research examining the impact of electronic media in addressing the phenomenon of extremism among university youth by analyzing the role of digital platforms and social media in raising awareness and promoting moderate thinking. The study highlights how electronic media can be utilized to provide educational content that limits the spread of extremist ideas, as well as its role in fostering dialogue and tolerance among different age groups of young people.
The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach by studying a sample of university students and analyzing the media content directed at them via the internet. The findings indicate that electronic media can be an effective tool in combating extremism by delivering balanced content, promoting human values, and countering rumors and misinformation. The study also recommends the necessity of enhancing media awareness among youth and encouraging the positive use of digital platforms to spread a culture of tolerance, dialogue, and rejection of extremism.

The present research intends to explore how artificial intelligence tools are being employed to fabricate and disseminate information within audiovisual media, It further investigates the techniques that contribute to such falsification, alongside the most prominent methods of addressing or limiting it from the perspective of Iraqi journalists, The research also aims to identify the underlying motives behind the use of fabricated content and to assess the audience’s ability to distinguish between authentic and AI-generated information.
This research adopts a descriptive approach and, within this framework, the researcher employed the survey method in its field dimension. A questionnaire was administered to an “available” sample of Iraqi journalists, totaling 132 respondents, working in radio and satellite television channels, The study was guided by the theory of technological determinism, from which five hypotheses were derived to measure the relationship among the research variables.
The findings revealed several key results, the most notable of which are:
1. The majority of those using AI tools in audiovisual media employ them mainly to collect information from diverse sources, draft news, and write news stories—rather than to fabricate content.
2. A broad consensus emerged among respondents rejecting the notion that information falsification is widespread in audiovisual media.
3. Deep fake-generated videos and voices were identified as posing a serious risk to news credibility within media outlets.
4. Political motives were found to be the primary driver behind the fabrication and dissemination of information within society.
5. The dissemination of false information plays a major role in eroding public trust in the media, reducing its reliability as a primary and continuous source of information.

This study aims to investigate the level of exposure of the Iraqi audience to television social programs and its relationship to their level of knowledge regarding societal issues. The researcher employed a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection, comprising three axes: demographic variables, exposure level, and a knowledge scale. The study was conducted on a purposive sample of 120 individuals from the audience in Baghdad City, using the survey methodology.
The significance of this research lies in the scarcity of studies addressing social television programs, thereby providing a new source for scholars in this field. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of measuring the cognitive impact of audience exposure to such programs.
The research yielded several findings, the most significant of which are:
1. 88% of the sample reported increased awareness of certain societal issues after watching social television programs.
2. 85% indicated that social programs clarify societal issues by hosting experts and specialists in social fields.
3. 84% of the participants stated that these programs inform them about the field details of societal issues.

In light of the massive technological revolution that is transforming the concepts of marketing and product promotion, global companies, such as Samsung, are employing the latest technologies to reach and engage their target audience effectively.
This research aims to explore Samsung's utilization of modern technologies in its advertisements, with a focus on the effectiveness of these technologies in attracting customers and achieving its marketing objectives.
A qualitative and quantitative "content analysis" approach was employed, along with a survey method, as it is most suitable for achieving the research objectives and understanding the meaning and impact of texts, images, or other forms of communication. By analyzing a simple random sample of Samsung advertisements from a wide range of Samsung ads and subjecting them to study due to their diversity in terms of content and media, using the AIDA model (attention, interest, desire, action), we were able to evaluate the effectiveness of Samsung ads in attracting customers and achieving their marketing goals. This was conducted on a random sample of 152 individuals from Samsung's advertising audience, distributed between genders. A questionnaire and scale were used.
The research problem was the lack of Arabic studies that analyze the use of modern technologies by global companies in their advertisements, focusing on the effectiveness of these technologies in achieving their marketing goals.
We have reached a number of research results that contribute to:
1) A better understanding of the effectiveness of Samsung's use of modern technologies in its advertisements.
2) Providing recommendations to improve Samsung's marketing strategies in the future.
3) A valuable contribution to developing a better understanding of consumer behavior in the digital age.
4) It is expected that this research will encourage Arab researchers to conduct more studies on this topic and inspire Arab researchers to explore the uses of modern technologies in promoting products.

The research aims to study the extent to which media professionals in Iraqi satellite channels use Telegram news applications in preparing television bulletins, and to reveal the nature of this use, its professional purposes, and the level of reliance on it as a source of news and information. The research relied on the descriptive survey approach using a questionnaire tool that was distributed to a sample of (50) media professionals working in the news departments of Iraqi satellite channels. The results showed that media professionals use Telegram intensively and effectively in the news work environment, and that the application has clearly contributed to accelerating news gathering and preparing bulletins with an increased level of reliance on official channels and well-known media institutions within the application as reliable sources of information. The results also showed that the most prominent challenges facing media professionals are the difficulty of verifying the news spread in Telegram, the spread of rumors, and the multiplicity of unreliable sources by media professionals, which requires the establishment of more precise professional controls for the use of the application within newsrooms. The study concludes that the Telegram application is no longer just a means of social communication, but has become a central professional tool in producing and editing news in satellite channels.

This study represents a scientific attempt to understand and analyze a complex and highly influential phenomenon in society — the spread of rumors on social media platforms and their impact on political decision-making. The research was conducted through a field study targeting a sample of social media users in the city of Al-Nasiriyah. The researcher adopted the quantitative survey method, using a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The study sample consisted of 400 respondents from the public in Al-Nasiriyah.
The findings revealed a widespread reliance on social media platforms as a primary source of information, particularly for news, with 68% of respondents indicating such dependence. This confirms the significant influence of digital platforms on political decision-making and the formation of political awareness. The results also indicated that rumors circulating on social media affect individuals’ political behavior, as 52% of respondents stated that shared news influences their decisions regarding political participation, while 63% believed that rumors may sometimes lead to extreme or irrational attitudes.
Moreover, the study found that Facebook is the most prominent platform for spreading rumors, cited by 49% of respondents, highlighting its active presence in the digital landscape of Al-Nasiriyah. The results further showed that rumors not only alter opinions but also contribute to political confusion, reduce individuals’ trust in the political process and electoral participation, and create instability in attitudes toward certain political figures or parties.

This research aims to Titled (Contents of A For the photo of the journalist in Pages First for Al-Zaman newspaper Iraqi "study“ Analytical study of the press photo on the front page of the local edition of Al-Zaman newspaper”), which belongs to the descriptive studies based on the analytical survey method to know and define the concept of the press photo in its general form, and its concept in terms of form and content, as well as to identify the contents of the press photo on the front page of Al-Zaman newspaper in its local edition, and to know its topics and types, in addition to revealing the news values that the press photo carries, the subject of the study research, and revealing the sources of the image and its functions, in which the researcher used the content analysis tool to collect and analyze data, and the research reached the most important results: The types of press photos published in Al-Zaman newspaper on its front page ranged between personal photos and photos of the topic Advertising photos, news photos, and photos of humanitarian topics were ranked in succession, while the content of personal photos topped the categories of press photos, which are for media and literary figures, while the content of Iraq’s sovereignty and regional status topped the political content. In the economic aspect, the content of salary disbursement and oil affairs was the highest ranked, and in the reconstruction and building aspect, the photos were indicative of public services. The search results also revealed the functions of the press photo, which were topped by the function of documenting the event and the function of enhancing credibility. As for the values carried by the press photo, the value of novelty, modernity, and the interest of the largest number of readers was the highest among these values.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced journalistic practices، particularly in verifying and documenting information sources. This study aims to explore the extent to which AI applications are utilized by communication professionals and employees in Iraqi media institutions for documenting journalistic sources. The research focuses on the tools and algorithms used to verify the authenticity of news، trace original sources، and detect digital manipulation in images and videos. The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach، distributing a questionnaire to a sample of journalists، editors، and technical staff in various Iraqi media organizations. Preliminary findings indicate a growing awareness of the importance of AI in journalistic work; however، the actual implementation remains limited due to technical، human، and institutional challenges. The study recommends the adoption of professional training programs، the modernization of digital infrastructure، and the strengthening of partnerships with media technology organizations to promote a culture of digital verification and enhance the credibility of journalistic content.
Keywords:

The current study aims to present a model for strategic success, encompassing its dimensions of growth, commitment, adaptation, and continuous learning, within the Iraqi Ministry of Interior. The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to present, analyze, and interpret the information. Data was collected primarily through a questionnaire, which was designed based on international standards after some modifications. The study, which comprised 24 paragraphs containing the research variables, was reviewed by experts and referees to ensure its suitability to the Iraqi context and underwent necessary validity and reliability tests. Additional data was collected through personal interviews and the researcher's field experience. The questionnaire was distributed to the entire research population (a comprehensive list), comprising 85 forms from employees at the manager and department head levels. The researcher used statistical methods including the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, relative importance, and multiple linear regression. The research concluded that the most prominent result indicates the presentation of an optimal model for success. The strategist in the office of the Iraqi Ministry of Interior.

Developing administrative health is one of the basic approaches to reforming state institutions and enhancing their efficiency in facing organizational, economic and social challenges, as administrative health is not limited to organizational procedures only, but represents a state of institutional balance between values, behaviors, administrative systems and human capabilities that ensure consistent and sustainable performance. This study aims to build a strategic model for developing administrative health within the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, as a sovereign institution facing complex challenges in its organizational environment. The research stems from a philosophical and theoretical perspective that links modern management concepts with a strategic approach to developing institutional performance, based on an analytical methodology. My description is based on an analysis of relevant literature and academic sources. The study seeks to reveal the relationship between organizational maturity and administrative health, and to show how a strategic model can be adopted that balances centralization and organizational openness, and promotes fairness, transparency, and accountability in administrative work structures.
The paper concluded that developing administrative health requires re-engineering institutional values and aligning them with the philosophy of administrative change, along with the necessity of building a knowledge-based strategic model, leadership empowerment, and the integration of information systems.

Security is one of the most important pillars upon which states rely for their stability and survival. In the 21st century, it has acquired new dimensions that extend beyond the military framework to include political, institutional, legal, and social aspects. In the West Asia region, where geopolitical interests and cross-border threats are intertwined, security relations have become The relationship between the Republic of Iraq and the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the most sensitive and strategic issues (Al-Amiri, 2017).
Since 2003, Iraq has faced complex security challenges, including the collapse of its institutional structure, the proliferation of security agencies, and overlapping jurisdictions, in addition to the threats of terrorism, organized smuggling, and the growing role of non-state actors (Abdulaziz, 2022). In contrast, Iran has sought to expand its security cooperation with Iraq, leveraging its capabilities. Despite its institutional capacity and experience in combating terrorism, this cooperation has lacked an organized legal and institutional framework, and has often been characterized by temporary reactions (Rasoul, 2022). This study aims to develop a strategic plan for developing security relations between Iraq and Iran for the period 2003–2030, based on the principles of security governance, institutional convergence, and respect for institutional sovereignty. It adopted the descriptive analytical approach to analyze the security and legal structure in the two countries and to study successful regional experiences. The findings concluded that weak institutional coordination and the absence of a legal framework are among the most prominent obstacles to security cooperation, and that future strategic success requires the establishment of a bilateral security coordination council and the development of a binding security agreement concerned with the exchange of information and confronting common threats such as terrorism and cybersecurity.

The Middle East is undergoing profound geopolitical transformations reflecting complex interactions between regional and international powers. Iran and Iraq have emerged as key players in reshaping the balance of power, capitalizing on political, economic, and security developments in the region. This study focuses on analyzing the nature of the roles of Iran and Iraq and ways to enhance their influence. This role within the regional strategy, along with studying the implications of these shifts in US and Israeli policies, is the focus of the research.
The research employs a descriptive-analytical approach based on an analysis of regional policies and a comparison of security and military transformations. The findings demonstrate the growing Iranian role. The Iraqi situation is reshaping regional security priorities and necessitating a review of US and Israeli strategies. In conclusion, a set of strategic recommendations is presented, aimed at enhancing regional stability and managing geopolitical shifts effectively and sustainably.

This research aims to study the effectiveness of environmental media in spreading community awareness of climate change, by revealing the level of public exposure to climate topics through environmental media. The study adopted the analytical survey method, based on a questionnaire applied to a sample of (120) individuals from the audience of Diyala province. The results showed a high level of exposure to climate change topics, with a relative weight of (91.33%), reflecting a clear interest among the public in environmental issues. Social media sites have also been found to be the main source for monitoring climate change issues compared to other media. The results of the assumptions confirmed the existence of a significant statistical relationship between the level of exposure to interactive environmental media and the three dimensions of environmental awareness: cognitive, behavioral and emotional. The study concludes that it is necessary to enhance interactive environmental content to raise community awareness and support conscious climate response.

Sports media plays a major role in spreading sports ethics, and bringing the sports community back to educational lessons by ensuring the dissemination of purposeful sports messages and constructive criticism, discussing sports problems and finding solutions, and emphasizing the complete belief that sports win and lose, possessing sportsmanship, and accepting results. Therefore, it continues to improve it in accordance with the regulations and laws, where sports system, in addition to its mission to correct wrong behaviors such as fanaticism, in educational way.
The researcher noted the change that has occurred in Iraqi society in the recent period, the occurrence of many violent incidents as a result of sports fanaticism that has spread today, and the dangerous role that the sports media emphasizes in particular through sports television programs on satellite channels and the progress and variety of attacks it provides, and conversations between presenter of the programs and their guests, so the researcher decided to conduct this study to explore “what is the relationship of sports programs on Iraqi satellite channels in reducing the phenomenon of sports violence in football, The researcher concluded:
1.It became clear from the promotional advertisements of the researchers that the contents and issues that are presented in the sports programs to some extent are the contents that interest them, and what is common from this is that these programs need good follow-up in preparation, in addition to a basic study of what is explained in them and what increases their interest.

2. the analogy that the researcher came up with, shows that sports programs did not contribute significantly to reducing the phenomenon of sports violence in football, and did not succeed in changing the audience’s actions to offend some parties, and it did not detract from that these programs did not leave enough space to clarify positive behaviors in the stadiums, and did not explain what the solutions and treatments are that prevent the behaviors of the desired athletes, it was necessary to create dialogue channels of communication between the public targeting and adopting sports activities to enhance participation in creating the appropriate athlete and finding solutions that use violence on the football fields.

4. Side by side research revealed that some patients improved well, as sports programs in the field of specialized research and general communities combined to prevent those causing violence from entering sports stadiums, and also contributed significantly by rejecting personal disputes inside football fields and their will in addition, we rely on sports programs that intensify their coverage towards activating the laws, and there will be various laws adopted by the plants to combat sports violence, because we wanted to eliminate a particular culture, so we must intensify the media presentation of cultures that are against it.
The researchers used the analytical model, and also used a four-scale composed of grades (very influential, influential, not very influential, and not very influential), in addition to the scale including a questionnaire about the characteristics of the sample and the nature of its exposure to these programs.
The researchers adopted statistical methods:
1.Duplicates
2. Ratio
The research contained (12) tables.

The research problem can be summarized in the following main question:
To what extent do artificial intelligence technologies contribute to enhancing the performance of Iraqi satellite channels and improving the quality of the media content presented to the audience?
This study falls within descriptive research and adopts the media survey method, which involves analyzing the programs that employed artificial intelligence in Iraqi television channels, specifically Al-Taghyeer Satellite Channel and One News Channel, during the period from 1/5/2025 to 1/10/2025.
Key Findings:
 The results indicate that the most widely used technique in Iraqi satellite channels is the integration of artificial intelligence in media content production, particularly in data analysis and information gathering.
 The findings also show that the most prominent impact of artificial intelligence on content quality is the enhancement of the accuracy of the information presented.