magazine aldhakwat albedh

This research will explore the life of the esteemed scholar Al-Jashmi, examining his name, title, birth, and death. It will also delve into his book, Al-Tahdhib, considered among his finest works on Quranic exegesis. This comprehensive and voluminous work, comprising ten volumes, has significantly enriched Islamic and Quranic scholarship. It features a novel approach to organization, aligning the topics of Quranic sciences such as grammar, recitation, linguistics, reasons for revelation, structure, meaning, and rulings.

The research aims to determine: «The effect of the miniature cases strategy on developing reading skills among first-year intermediate students.» To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted the experimental research method and the experimental design of two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The research sample consisted of first-year intermediate students at () School, affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Al-Rusafa, Baghdad/1. Class (C) represented the experimental group, comprising( 35) students who studied according to the steps of the miniature cases strategy, while Class (B) represented the control group, also comprising( 35) students who studied according to the traditional method. After selecting the subjects, which amounted to( 8) topics from the prescribed textbook for the first-year intermediate students for the academic year 2024-2025, behavioral objectives totaling (80) were prepared, along with teaching plans suitable for the selected topics for the experiment. After performing equivalence procedures and using appropriate statistical tools, and to determine the effect of the miniature cases strategy, a pre-test and post-test were prepared, comprising three axes of reading skills: (reading comprehension – reading speed – reading accuracy). The researcher verified the validity of the objectives and the test, and personally taught both groups for an entire academic semester. Afterwards, the test was conducted to reveal the results. It was found that the students in the experimental group, who were taught using the micro-case strategy, achieved significantly higher results compared to the students in the control group, who were taught using the traditional method in the three reading skills.

In Al-Shirazi’s philosophy, we find a mixture of the four intellectual schools (Peripateticism, Illuminationism, Sufism, and theology), all of which meet in one school, which is called transcendental wisdom. This name was officially given to his philosophy by Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi .

This article provides an extensive overview of Al-Yousef’s vision of “value and criterion” in poetry, as presented in his book of the same name. Al-Yousef identifies three essential elements for a successful poem: feeling, emotion, and imagination, emphasizing that imagination is the highest standard. He also highlights the role of the recipient in interpreting the text, asserting that standards are relative and shaped by time and place.
In the section on “taste,” Al-Yousef connects aesthetic appreciation to pleasure, stating that genuine appreciation involves merging with the text and that shared human experiences—such as pain and loss—are key to emotional impact. In “The Function of Poetry,” he views poetry as a means of liberating emotions and spiritual energies through language, elevating it to its utmost aesthetic potential. Finally, in “Poetry and Sensitivity,” he considers sensitivity the most vital creative element, noting that themes like ambiguity, alienation, nature, and war deepen poetry’s emotional resonance.

Abstract:
Testimonials have a significant impact on determining the validity of conflicting reports. In all the sciences of hadith, scholars of hadith examine the chain of transmission and text of the narrations transmitted from the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his pure family (peace be upon them). If a conflict is found between two or more narrations, they seek to resolve the conflict by investigating the causes of the conflict, such as: (reasons related to the critical approach in terms of strictness and leniency, or reasons related to the narrator himself who carries the narration, or reasons related to the apparent meaning of the statement). Each has its own treatment, through examining the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Messenger (peace be upon him), or by examining the circumstances of the men who transmitted the noble hadith.
Through this research, which aims to demonstrate the impact of hadith authentications on determining the validity of conflicting reports, the researcher seeks to clarify the concept of conflict, then the types and categories of conflict, and the methods scholars use to address conflict. Afterwards, he discusses some applications of conflicting reports and explains the optimal method for resolving conflicts by determining the validity of narrations, based on the characteristics of the narrators and other factors.

This article attempts to discuss the importance of the good role model in Islamic culture, the means adopted by the Islamic religion to create the image of the good role model, and the factors that determined the details of this topic and its impact on Islamic social reality. The methods Islam adopted to ensure its permanence, and how it can utilize historical mechanisms to establish standards for building a viable model in contemporary reality. The methods Islam adopted to ensure its permanence, and how it can utilize historical mechanisms to establish standards for building a viable model in contemporary reality. Therefore, this article seeks to adopt the principle of good role models in moral education and to promote moral values in the hearts of the children of society, so that education is through imitation and emulation of the moral values embodied in the personality of some good role models in our Islamic society in its ancient history and in its contemporary life. And with the validity of this principle, as proven by modern educational curricula, we find it acknowledged in Islamic culture, which directed Muslims to emulate their greatest Prophet, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, and his family, peace be upon them. Islamic legal sources have acknowledged this matter in more than one place due to its importance, as following the example of the Prophet and his family is the closest path to God and to attaining His pleasure. The good role model and positive example are an educational approach that has proven its effectiveness throughout the ages. We find it essential to make it a method for Islamic outreach and a mechanism for education and upbringing in our societies due to its importance and effectiveness in education and in establishing an Islamic society governed by noble moral values.

The present study aims to investigate the development of Persuasive Intelligence among adolescents and to examine the statistical significance of differences according to the variables of age and gender (male–female). The sample of the study was limited to secondary school and university students from the morning classes during the academic year (2024/2025). To achieve the objectives of the research, the Persuasive Intelligence Scale developed by Ahmed (2018), based on the scale of Harry Mills (2011), was adopted after ensuring its validity, reliability, and suitability for the study sample. The scale was administered to a randomly selected cluster sample of (200) male and female students. The researcher verified the face validity of the instrument by presenting it to a group of experts in educational and psychological sciences, and its psychometric properties were also established.
After collecting and statistically analyzing the data using the SPSS package, the study reached the following results:
1-There are statistically significant differences in persuasive intelligence according to age (13, 15, 17, 19 years), in favor of the older ages, indicating that persuasive intelligence follows a developmental trajectory with age.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in persuasive intelligence according to gender (male–female).

The research deals with the subject of repetition and its consolidation in the poetic memory in the poem (History of Tears) by the poet Mahdi Al-Nahri, as one of the subjects that combines rhetoric and criticism. The research is based on understanding repetition as a tool that is not limited to achieving rhythm only, but rather contributes to building an effective and influential poetic discourse that consolidates the experience in the mind of the recipient. The research was divided into applied topics that dealt with the basic types of repetition (verbal, structural, phonetic, The effect of these repetitions on enhancing poetic memory was analyzed by emphasizing meaning, redirecting attention to central images, and generating an interactive rhythm that enhances the recipient’s emotion and emotional response. The results showed that the repetition in the poem was conscious and deliberate, and represents one of the most important artistic foundations that enabled the poet to transform the individual experience into a collective text), The audience shares sadness, nostalgia, rejection, and resistance, through recurring linguistic structures that anchor the content deep within the auditory and emotional memory.

The research aims to identify the most important challenges facing women›s volunteer work in rural areas, to understand the importance of community awareness in promoting community participation and social solidarity among community members, and to determine the economic and social impact of volunteer work in rural areas. The researcher used a descriptive social survey methodology by sampling method, selecting a sample that accurately represented the original community, consisting of 370 female volunteers working in ministries, non-ministerial bodies, and the Supreme Council for Youth. The research tools used were questionnaires, interviews, and observation.

This study aims to identify:
1. The level of psychological immunity among university students.
2. The significance of differences in the level of psychological immunity among university students according to the gender variable (male–female).
3. The significance of differences in the level of psychological immunity among university students according to the specialization variable (scientific–humanities).
4. The level of psychological well-being among university students.
5. The significance of differences in the level of psychological well-being among university students according to the gender variable (male–female).
6. The significance of differences in the level of psychological well-being among university students according to the specialization variable (scientific–humanities).
7.The correlational relationship between psychological immunity and psychological well-being among university students.
The researchers selected a sample of (300) students from University of Kirkuk, chosen by proportional stratified random sampling, from the morning study program for the academic year (2024–2025). The researchers developed a Psychological Immunity Scale based on Olah’s (2005) theory and his definition of psychological immunity. After extracting the psychometric properties of the scale (validity and reliability), the final version consisted of (38) items. They also adopted Farhan’s (2018) Psychological Well-being Scale, with the final version consisting of (46) items. The following statistical tools were used: one-sample and independent-samples t-tests, Cronbach’s Alpha, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
The findings of the study can be summarized as follows:
1. University students have a high level of psychological immunity.
2. No statistically significant differences in psychological immunity according to the gender variable (male–female).
3. No statistically significant differences in psychological immunity according to the specialization variable (scientific–humanities).
4. University students have a high level of psychological well-being.
5. There are statistically significant differences in psychological well-being according to the gender variable, in favor of females.
6. No statistically significant differences in psychological well-being according to the specialization variable (scientific–humanities).
7. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between psychological immunity and psychological well-being among university students.
Based on the results of the current study, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The idea behind this research, entitled (The exchange between noun formula structures in the Arabic language), stems from an attempt to observe examples of some aspects of the interaction between the linguistic levels of Arabic, investigate their instances, and demonstrate the extent to which some of these levels influence one another. This is particularly evident at the levels of sounds and structures, as the aversion to certain sequences of phonemes and their like leads to a shift at the structural level from one nominal form to another, as a means of avoiding these undesirable sequences. This idea has found clear echoes in the efforts of ancient linguists, especially in Sibawayh’s book, where it is mentioned several times in the chapters on the verbal noun and broken plurals in particular. As far as I have seen, modern scholars have not devoted a special study to it within their phonological or morphological research.The study has shown that this shift takes two distinct directions. The first direction leads to the transformation of defective forms into structures that do not exist in nouns with sound roots. In contrast, the second direction involves the language changing from a defective structure to another structure present in sound roots, carrying the same or nearly the same morphological meaning. Consequently, the research was divided according to the outcomes resulting from these two directional shifts.

The status of the sentence occupies in speech is not hidden, it is its basis and root on which it leans and performs, and it is what distinguishes it and achieves its effect, and among the sentences that are characterized by achieving the effect in question is objection, as with its daughter, meaning and purpose, this description is believed, so it covers it with a dress that can only be distinguished by it; Therefore, the research came in the place to stand on this distinction in one of its aspects and dimensions, and I mean after the persuasion arising from the objectionary sentence, which takes the language and its multiple methods as a way to appear and show its static shadows, whether by the word in the context of the sentence or in the composition, according to which the units of the language into a persuasion techniques and mechanisms of atting mechanisms In its various varieties. Its composition is the Qur›anic discourse, which is in essence the subject of directing souls and minds and subjecting them to purposes; then the sentence and its code agree to manifest in them the eloquence of persuasion based on language, when analyzed in context, as proven by this study.

Among God’s blessings upon humankind is that He did not create them in a state of constant activity or continuous work, but rather created sleep for their bodies to rest and recover, preventing harm from constant movement. He also created the night so that bodies may find rest and souls may find respite from the toil of labor. And He made the day bright and radiant so that bodies may be refreshed after their rest and move about to earn a living and cultivate the earth.
In all these cases, the obligation to worship remains firmly established, albeit in different forms. Daytime worship differs from nighttime worship; for example, fasting and daytime prayers differ from nighttime prayers and vigils. God made the daytime the time for our livelihood, so that we may obtain sustenance and benefits. He—exalted is He—described the night as a garment and the daytime as the time for livelihood, because this is the nature of each , ‘iidh allayl hu waqt alraahat walsukun waliakhtila’ .. waqad lahazna fi alawnat alakhirat an alnaas wafi mujtamaeina khasatan yaemalun khilaf dhalik wakulu dhalik yaeud li’asbab hu fi ghinan eanha fallah subhanah taealaa wadae lana mawazin fi hadhih alhayaat hataa nasead fi hayaatina wanaeish bisihat wasalamat , wanaemal bialeibadat ealaa alwajh alasih wabitamam sihatina , min khilal Nighttime is a time for rest, tranquility, and solitude. We have recently observed that people, especially in our society, are acting contrary to this, and all of this stems from reasons they could easily do without. God Almighty has established guidelines for us in this life so that we may find happiness, live in health and peace, and perform our religious duties in the most correct way and with complete well-being.
A review of the verses about night and day, and an interpretation of each as solutions for humankind to avoid sleeplessness and its negative impact on health, enabling them to carry out their lives as God intended.

Electricity was introduced late to the Ottoman Empire. The reason for this delay was Sultan Abdul Hamid II›s fear that spies in these companies might be working to destabilize the country›s internal affairs. Therefore, the state relied on gas and oil to light its palaces and streets. The Ottoman Empire could not remain isolated from global technological developments, so it sought to establish a hydropower station in Tarsus between 1902 and 1910. Despite the success of this step, it was limited. The next step, which brought the Ottoman Empire into the ranks of advanced countries, was the construction of the Silataraga Power Plant between 1910 and 1914. The plant succeeded in meeting the needs of the capital, Istanbul.
The research consists of an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter addresses the historical development of lighting and electricity in the Ottoman Empire until 1900. The second chapter focuses on the establishment of the Tarsus Power Plant (1902-1910). The third chapter covers the establishment of the Silah Tar Ağa Power Plant (1910-1914).

This research addresses the topic of “The Role of Party Autonomy in Determining the Applicable Law in International Contracts,” which is one of the central issues in private international law. With the increase in cross-border commercial transactions and the diversity of legal systems, the question arises as to whether parties, by their free will, can determine the law governing their contractual relationship.
The study highlights party autonomy as a key tool for resolving conflicts of laws. It examines the doctrinal and legal foundations of the autonomy principle, tracing its evolution from an absolute concept to a limited one aimed at protecting contractual balance. The research further analyzes major international conventions, such as the 1980 Rome Convention, which recognizes the parties’ right to choose the applicable law—subject to public policy limitations—and the 1980 Vienna Convention (CISG), which allows parties to exclude its application.
A comparative approach is adopted to examine the positions of selected national legislations, including Iraqi, Iranian, French, and Egyptian laws, focusing on the extent to which they recognize or restrict party autonomy due to religious, political, or sovereignty concerns. The study also explores the limitations imposed on this freedom, such as public policy constraints, the protection of the weaker party, and the challenges posed by electronic contracts in the digital age.
Using an analytical and comparative methodology, the research concludes that party autonomy plays a vital role in international contracting, but its exercise must remain within fair legal limits that protect public interest and prevent contractual abuse.

Educational supervision is the primary source that nourishes the teaching profession and helps bring about the necessary change to meet the demands of the modern era in this field. Teachers, especially beginners and those lacking competence, have a pressing need for someone to monitor their work, guide and support them continuously, and provide them with the necessary expertise. This does not mean that the supervisory process is disregarded.
The educational perspective is that of a good teacher; On the contrary, educational supervision is a collaborative process that requires working with each teacher to benefit from their abilities and provide them with the necessary educational expertise.

Economic expenditure in the Fatimid state was well-organized and diverse، relying on various sources such as land taxes، tribute، zakat، and trade revenues. The state spent these funds on the military، administration، and major construction projects including mosques، cities، and aqueducts، as well as on education and scholarship through institutions like Al-Azhar and the Dar al-Hikma.
Fatimid spending reflected a balance between development and luxury، though in the later period it became marked by extravagance and financial excess، which weakened the economy. Overall، Fatimid economic expenditure represents a model of advanced fiscal and administrative organization in Islamic history.

This study investigates the impact of digital game-based learning strategies on enhancing arithmetic fluency among middle school students. The importance of the research stems from the challenges of traditional curricula in developing computational skills, compared to the growing interest in using educational technologies-particularly digital games-as interactive tools that stimulate learners. The research employed a quasi-experimental design, dividing a sample of middle school students into two groups: an experimental group taught through digital game-based strategies and a control group taught using conventional methods. Data were collected using multiple instruments, including a pre–post arithmetic fluency test and a questionnaire to assess students’ attitudes toward digital games, The findings revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups in favor of the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of digital games in improving the speed and accuracy of arithmetic performance, as well as in fostering motivation and positive attitudes toward learning mathematics. The study highlighted that digital game-based learning provides an educational environment enriched with repetition, immediate feedback, and positive competition-factors that reinforce arithmetic skills more quickly and enjoyably. Based on the results, the study recommends integrating digital games into mathematics curricula, training teachers on their effective use, and developing local educational platforms tailored to the Iraqi context.

This research came to show that conflict is a consistent law between truth and falsehood, and if it were not for this conflict, the earth would have been corrupted. This has been proven through the texts in the Holy Quran and the noble prophetic Sunnah, and through human history, and the Prophet›s (peace be upon him) dealings with those laws, and the laws of Allah in defeating the disbelievers, then His law in supporting the believers.

This research aims to clarify the terms for withholding and giving in the Holy Quran by reviewing the Quran to identify these terms and their possible meanings. The Holy Quran expresses withholding and giving using purely abstract terms, which occupy a considerable portion of the Quran. This research has identified (17) terms for withholding.
Under its linguistic root, the (14) words related to giving are also under its linguistic root.

The literary reading of the Qur›an is one of the cognitive responses by which the Arab Muslim mind responded to the logic and challenges of the era. Despite the deep roots of the literary approach in heritage, particularly in the efforts of scholars, However, there are fundamental differences between the two reading styles in ancient and modern times. These differences are evident in the literary readings of the Qur’anic text in contemporary Arab culture. Before entering into this field, we must stop at explaining the concept of literariness, or literary images.Examining the origins of linguistic concepts is considered a fundamental pillar in understanding their dimensions and mastering their connotations. This is what prompted us to return to Arabic dictionaries to examine this concept in depth.

Jizyah: Jizyah is a financial obligation imposed on non-Muslim Ahl al-Dhimmah in exchange for protection and security provided by the Islamic state, without compelling them to embrace Islam. According to Imami jurists, jizyah is not considered a punishment or a form of humiliation; rather, it is a system aimed at achieving justice and peaceful coexistence, taking into account the financial ability and personal circumstances of those on whom it is levied.
Contract of Aman (Security): The Aman contract is an agreement granted to a non-Muslim—whether from among combatants or others—allowing them to enter or reside in the Islamic realm in safety and security. In Imami jurisprudence, Aman reflects the noble Islamic values of tolerance, compassion, and respect for covenants. It is strictly forbidden to harm or violate the rights of anyone under such a contract as long as it remains in effect.

Aramco has gained great and unique importance in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as its basic mission related to extracting and producing oil does not stop there only, Rather, it extended to other areas, as the company paid special attention to the social and economic sectors. through its active and serious contribution to establishing and modernizing the social and economic structure of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was truly the sponsor of modernization and vision in the joints and institutions of the Saudi state, and the only responsible body for that, until no more. The extension of its arms and influence within the Kingdom is like one state within another state.
Accordingly, what this research can aim to do is track the efforts of Aramco in the process of construction and modernization, especially in the social and economic fields. In addition to the positive repercussions resulting from it throughout Saudi society. In addition to the good and positive effects that accompanied this matter after it erected a state of development and urbanization in an illiterate and Bedouin society, which lacked the most basic elements of modern life.

Abstract: Islam, as is well known, is both a religion and a state. Indeed, establishing a state in Islam is a religious obligation that every Muslim must strive to fulfill. This is a fundamental tenet of the faith. Based on this, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), from the moment he established the first Islamic state in Medina immediately after the Hijra, At the head of the Muslim community is a political ruler who possesses legislative authority; as a messenger to humanity, he is responsible for establishing its rulings and principles.

The novel is considered one of the most prominent literary genres that monitor the transformations and changes within society, delving into its psychological and intellectual realms. When a writer sets out to present a novelistic work, the central element that occupies their thought is the character, as it serves as the foundation and most crucial pillar for the success of the narrative. The nature of the novel varies from one writer to another, depending on the characters and the conditions surrounding their portrayal.
In this study, we aim to examine the types of characters crafted by Amr Abdel Hamid in his novel Land of Zikola, a work that is not only marked by unusual events but also paints a vivid image of a human being confronting both society and the self.
The research seeks to address a set of questions: What is a character? How did Amr Abdel Hamid depict it in his novel? What are the psychological, social, political, and intellectual dimensions involved in shaping it? And how do these characters differ from others?

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) or close to it, Natural Language Processing (NLP), is literally transforming how a human being interacts with technology and information. This dissertation will spell out the profound implications of this technological revolution to the linguistic diversity in the world. On the one hand, the potential of AI to offer unequaled prospects to communication and information access is indisputable, on the other it gives rise to the dystopia of unequal proportions, and to a great part that of uneven language. This paper explores the dual nature of AI as both a very real danger to low-resource languages and as a possible solution to saving and promoting the latter. This work, developed on an analysis of the prevailing situation in the language technology sector, explores structural bias favouring a few rich and strong languages. It further identifies the inherent obstacles, such as the absence of data and the biased nature of algorithms, to the development of fair AI systems in the thousands of languages in the world. The study reveals that commercial and geopolitical forces of AI development are inclined to marginalize linguistically diverse societies. However, it also mentions new projects and technological plans that involve the use of AI to record, teach, and preserve dying languages. Given the study, it is concluded with a set of recommendations that may be applied by technologists, policymakers, and linguistic communities to create a more open and linguistically diverse digital future. The main idea here is that it requires a proactive, intentional process of guiding the development of AI, so that it is beneficial and not detrimental to the divergent world of human languages.