AL-Anbar University journal of Economic and Administration Sciences

The scientific importance of the research entitled The Role of Agile Leadership and Enhancing Organizational Creativity in the District of Fallujah. It seeks to identify the benefit of the agile leadership model in improving the performance of individuals working in this organization, so that this model can contribute to stimulating the energies of workers and enhancing their creativity. The researcher relied on the descriptive-analytical approach. A purposive sample of (72) people was chosen in the aforementioned district according to questionnaires coupled with the SPSS inference program.

This research aims to study the impact of adopting proactive work behaviors in its dimensions of seeking opportunities, assuming responsibility, continuous learning, and adapting to changes on achieving institutional excellence in its dimensions of innovation, operational efficiency, and competitive sustainability by analyzing the relationship between them. The research problem becomes clear through the fact that organizations, especially public universities, face accelerating environmental challenges that require effective adaptation to achieve institutional excellence. Despite the theoretical consensus on the role of proactive behaviors in promoting excellence, their relationship to it remains unclear in practical application, which raises questions about their role in achieving institutional excellence in Iraqi public colleges. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach. To analyze the data collected from a sample of employees in the researched organization, represented by the College of Administration and Economics / University of Maysan, a critical review of the academic literature specialized in management and organizational behavior was conducted. Statistical tools such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. The results indicate that adopting proactive behaviors contributes positively to improving institutional performance, enhancing quality, and achieving beneficiary satisfaction. Encouraging these behaviors also plays a pivotal role in

The current study aimed to focus on the most important dimensions of university governance and how it enhances the administrative performance of leadership. Another object was sought to examine the degree of governance implementation and the performance level of leadership at the researched university by investigating the correlational and influential relationships between the study variables. A descriptive analytical method was adopted to analyze the literature and statistical data of the study. Participants in the study sample consisted of (254) faculty members distributed across 7 colleges and 6 institutes affiliated with Erbil Technical University. Research Hypotheses were proposed and subjected to the necessary statistical tests and analyses. The results revealed a statistically significant influence between the variables.

This research examines the relationship between oil price fluctuations and unemployment rates in OPEC+ countries over the period 1991 to 2022. The analysis utilizes a panel data regression framework, applying a Fixed Effects (FE) model with robust standard errors to control country-specific heterogeneity and address issues of heteroscedasticity. Key macroeconomic variables, namely inflation and interest rates, are included as controls to isolate the direct effect of oil price movements on unemployment.
The empirical results reveal a statistically significant and negative relationship between oil prices and unemployment rates, indicating that rising oil prices are associated with reductions in unemployment. This pattern holds across most OPEC+ countries, regardless of their degree of oil dependence or economic structure. Diagnostic tests, including the Hausman test, Breusch-Pagan test, and a Durbin-Watson approximation, confirm the appropriateness and robustness of the model. These findings underscore the crucial role of oil market dynamics in shaping labor market outcomes and underscore the need for robust policy frameworks to mitigate the risks associated with oil price volatility.

This research aims to analyze the implications of digital leadership for sustainable development, through a field study that surveyed the opinions of a sample of administrators working in a number of food industry companies in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. To achieve this, the dimensions of digital leadership were adopted, represented by (digital competence, digital insight, digital strategy, learning culture in the digital age), while the dimensions of sustainable development were represented by the environment, economy, humanity, and technology. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted using a questionnaire according to the five-point Likert scale to collect data. The research sample included (226) managers and employees from department and branch managers in Erbil. In addition, after evaluating and testing the validity and reliability of the research measurement tools, the data were analyzed using the normal distribution and confirmatory factor analysis. The data were presented, analyzed, and hypotheses were tested using appropriate statistical tools such as (arithmetic mean and standard deviation to measure the level of variables and regression analysis using structural equation modeling) and the SPSS statistical program. Among the most important results reached by the research is that digital leadership contributes effectively to achieving sustainable development by accelerating processes, employing data in decision-making, and improving the efficiency of resource use, as well as enhancing environmental awareness and social responsibility. The study also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between digital leadership practices (such as digital strategic thinking, digital transformation, and innovation management) and sustainable development indicators.

This study investigates the drivers and barriers to technology adoption (TA) in Iraqi public universities, focusing on the effects of behavioral resistance (BR) and organizational readiness (OR). It further examines the mediating role of communication quality (CQ) to understand how higher education institutions can enhance adoption outcomes. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed, targeting academic staff members from five major Iraqi public universities (Al-Mustansiriya University, University of Anbar, University of Baghdad, University of Basrah, and University of Kufa). A stratified random sampling technique was adopted to ensure proportional representation across faculties and academic ranks. 311 valid responses were retained, representing a usable response rate of 62.2%. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM to test the hypothesized relationships. The results reveal that BR negatively affects TA, whereas OR has a significant positive impact. BR reduces CQ, while OR enhances it. Moreover, CQ positively affects TA and mediates the relationship between OR and TA, confirming that readiness alone is insufficient without effective communication. However, CQ did not significantly weaken the negative impact of BR on TA. This study contributes to the TA literature by integrating BR, OR, and CQ into a single framework, providing a holistic explanation of the drivers and barriers to TA in higher education. It empirically validates the mediating role of CQ and challenges the assumption that communication alone can mitigate resistance, suggesting the need for additional interventions to overcome resistance.

This study aims to determine the impact of lean marketing practices as an independent variable through its dimensions (reducing excessive marketing operations, reducing waiting time, reducing excessive processing operations, reducing unnecessary movements, activating untapped talents and creativity of employees) on organizational excellence as a dependent variable through its dimensions (leadership excellence, culture excellence, service excellence, organizational structure excellence) for a sample of (146) employees in private universities and colleges in Anbar Governorate, represented by (University of Knowledge, Al-Huda College, Al-Sarraj University), and the study is based on a set of basic hypotheses, including that lean marketing practices affect organizational excellence. The problem of the study lies in the importance of private universities in supporting the wheel of education and attracting a significant number of students. At the present time, they have begun to face some problems, including the inefficiency of lean marketing practices, which leads to a decrease in student recruitment and the use of unsystematic marketing methods that are not linked to the general strategy of universities. Therefore, it has become necessary to implement lean marketing practices on well-studied scientific foundations to achieve organizational excellence. Based on the above, a set of questions were raised, the most important of which was: What is the impact of lean marketing practices on organizational excellence in private universities? The importance of the study is evident in shedding light on the reality of lean marketing practices and their impact on organizational excellence in private universities in order to diagnose the problems and obstacles they face and present the necessary proposals and recommendations regarding them, as they are one of the most important sectors that provide educational services to society. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach, and a questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical methods were used (normal distribution test, Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, coefficient of variation, regression). (Simple and multiple linear), and relying on programs (SPSSV.28) (Smart PLS 4). The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is the existence of a correlation and influence between lean marketing practices on organizational excellence.

While the Iraq is witnessing a water crisis whose causes vary, which led to the decline of water levels of rivers and lakes in Anbar province at a large and dangerous at certain times, which leads to fluctuation and decrease the amount of supply of clean water cities in the province, the family sector represents the largest proportion of the consumption process, In fact, controlling the quantity and amount of consumption has become an imperative in light of the decrease in the amount of rain and water releases from Turkey and the amount consumed in Syria, in addition to increasing the use of water stored in the lakes to generate electricity.
Therefore, this research aims to analyze and measure the demand for clean water for the household sector and its influencing factors in Anbar governorate. The research was based on estimating the sample of the study on the method of estimating the monthly data and Using the Johansen cointegration test and the Error Correction Model (ECM), for the sample of the study. The first difference is the stability of the time series of the variables of the study. The results of the quantitative analysis show that they correspond to the theoretical equations of the economy. There is a positive correlation between the independent variables (population, temperature, electric power) on the required amount of water under study, the estimated model was adopted after it passed all standard tests.

This research aimed to measure the extent to which leadership skills are present among the managers of the Center for Basrah and Arabian Gulf Studies, and to analyze their impact in addressing manifestations of organizational collapse. The research population consisted of employees at the Center, from whom a simple random sample of 103 participants was selected. The study relied primarily on a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection, which included two main sections: the first addressed leadership skills as the independent variable, and the second focused on organizational collapse as the dependent variable.
The key findings revealed a significant relationship and impact between leadership skills and organizational collapse. This suggests that leadership skills are not merely administrative tools but serve as strategic defense mechanisms—forming the first line of resistance capable of reversing organizational collapse and transforming it into a state of stability.
Accordingly, the study recommends the development of an integrated leadership model that combines various leadership skills as a strategic means to mitigate organizational decline. It also emphasizes the importance of embedding human values such as justice, empathy, and respect into daily leadership behavior to ensure a stable work environment

This research aims to analyze the impact of the transition from a specific tax system to a unified tax system on tax revenue in Iraq. It highlights the fundamental differences between the two systems and assesses the effectiveness of the unified system in increasing tax collection efficiency and achieving tax justice. The research relied on a comparative analytical approach, examining tax data and revenues before and after the implementation of the unified system, and analyzing the impact of this transition on reducing tax evasion and simplifying administrative procedures. The research concluded that the implementation of the unified tax contributed to increasing tax revenue by increasing the efficiency of the tax system in terms of simplification and transparency. However, the weak infrastructure of tax institutions and the lack of awareness among taxpayers constituted obstacles to fully achieving the desired results. In light of this, the research presented a set of recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the implementation of the unified tax and developing legislative and regulatory frameworks to support this transition.

The current study aimed to measure the performance and efficiency of Iraqi commercial banks using the Modified DuPont model. The study sample consisted of (15) commercial banks operating in Iraq for the period 2014-2023. Secondary data included in the financial reports and Balance sheets issued by the Iraqi commercial banks included in the study sample were used. Net profit margin, asset turnover rate, and equity multiplier were employed to measure the return on equity according to the Modified DuPont model. The study used a robust multiple regression model to test the impact of the Modified DuPont model components on the return on equity. The study found that the return on equity is positively and significantly affected by three main indicators: net profit margin, asset turnover rate, and equity multiplier. This means that increasing these indicators directly contributes to increasing the profitability of Iraqi commercial banks. The study recommended the adoption of the Modified DuPont model and its basic components due to their importance in measuring the performance and efficiency of commercial banks and identifying strengths and weaknesses.