Journal of Alsalam University

Research Abstract
This research examines the significance and impact of the phrase used by Imam Malik ibn Anas (d. 179 AH): "The matter is with us" (الأمر عندنا) in deriving rulings specifically concerning prayer (Salat), as documented in his book "Al-Mudawwana" narrated by his student Ibn Al-Qasim, which forms the basis of the Maliki school of thought.
The phrase "The matter is with us" is considered one of the most important technical terms and strongest pieces of evidence used by Imam Malik. It refers to the inherited practice ('Amal) of the people of Medina, passed down from generation to generation. It does not merely signify the opinion of the jurists of Medina, but rather the practical Sunnah (Prophetic tradition) established in the city where the revelation descended and where the Prophet ($\text{PBUH}$) resided, which lends it a strength approaching practical continuous narration (Tawātur 'Amalī).
As for the legal authority (Hujjiyya) of this term according to the Malikis, they consider this practice to be a strong jurisprudential proof. It is sometimes given precedence over an isolated single-chain report (Khabar al-Āhā d) when they contradict, because it represents the continuous application of what was established by the Companions and their successors (Tābi'īn).
The strength of this term is evident in issues related to prayer where there is much disagreement or where a clear, strong textual proof is not available, as Malik relies on this inherited practice.

Research Summary
The research addressed the most important issue in life, which is knowing the truth about existence and the role of man in it, a matter that has puzzled scientists and philosophers throughout history, and is represented by the questions: Where did we come from? Who brought us? Why? And where is our destiny? They never reached a satisfactory answer, except in the periods when people connected with their Creator, the Most High, since these serious facts are known only from the Creator of creatures, including man. He, the Most High, is the Creator, the Originator, the Owner, the Manager. Therefore, He alone decides: Why was He created? And what is the destiny?
This serious truth is the basis of life. In order for it to proceed in the right direction and for a person to live in harmony with himself, with people and all creatures, and to live a good life, the answer must be correct, otherwise a person will live a miserable life.
Because of the importance of faith and belief in human life, God Almighty made it easy for people to understand both instinct and reason. Out of mercy for humankind, He did not leave them to their own reason or instinct, as these might go astray. Therefore, He sent messengers (peace be upon them) and revealed books and curricula to them to guide people to their Creator and to make them know their purpose in life and their fate after death.
Therefore, the Holy Qur’an presented the creed in an easy way that the scholar and the common man could understand and be convinced of, and enough to turn it into certainty in the heart, a statement on the tongue, and an action in the limbs, thus creating a righteous individual and a noble society. We say that this method of the Holy Qur’an is far from the complexities and riddles of many philosophers, logicians, and some theologians.

Abstract
There are various contemporary trends in understanding the sacred Quranic text. It is evident that new trends are currently sweeping the world in general، and the Islamic world in particular. This research addresses one of these trends، the deconstructive approach، and its application to the Quranic text in our Islamic world. This research explores the deconstructive approach، how it emerged، and its historical roots. It then examines how it reached the Arab world. It then analyzes the statements of those who advocate applying the deconstructive approach to the Quran، and explains the dangerous consequences of their statements. It then critiques these statements and ideas according to scientific criteria. The researcher concludes that the deconstructive approach is merely a repetition of the sophistry in a different form. The Quranic discourse is sacred and not subject to human theories and philosophies. It can only be understood through fixed scientific facts and criteria that do not change، regardless of time or location. Any claim to concepts that do not stem from the correct path to understanding the Holy Quran is false and rejected by its proponents. It has no connection to the Quranic discourse. The goal of those who advocate applying the deconstructive methodology to the Holy Quran is to empty it of its content and meanings، transforming it from a book of guidance and instruction for all of humanity into a literary text that anyone can manipulate to resemble previous distorted books، thus destroying Islam.

Research Summary
Islam has shown great concern for women، making them equal to men in most rulings، such as reward for work، recompense and punishment، civil rights، and others. However، they differ in some rulings، so I wanted to clarify some of these rulings in which Muslim women differ from men، and I chose the topic of prayer because it is one of the best and highest acts. Because it is one of the best and highest deeds، and I did not choose all the issues related to prayer، because that would take the research from brevity to length، and these issues would need volumes to be researched، as our teacher Dr. Abdul Karim Zaidan، may God have mercy on him، did. Therefore، I chose four important issues related to the woman’s private parts، her call to prayer، her leading the prayer، and the Muslim woman opening up to the imam. Because these issues have been the subject of much controversy among modernists and intellectuals of this era، the study was made a comparison between the doctrines، and success comes from God.

Summary
"Usury is a forbidden act and economic behavior in Islamic Sharia law، and it is a reprehensible financial crime against individuals and society punishable by positive law and prohibited by public order in the history of Islamic civilization، because it leads to economic backwardness، which leads to forgetting usury to enter into contemporary financial applications and transactions. "
"The importance of the study: Explanation of the prohibition of usury as a mercy to our economy and to preserve the interests of everyone in our societies and to protect us and them from the causes of corruption and economic backwardness. "
"The reason for choosing this topic: Dealing with usury and interest-based bank loans is an unjust way to invest and invest money، because usury is profitable from rights that prove debts in the patrimony".
"This study aims to: Dealing with interest in different forms of dealing is a contract in which it is not necessary to create a real movement of goods and services in the economy unlike selling، because it is permissible based on creating a real exchange based on real money in the form of a real good or service. The economy، and usury dries up its sources and disrupts its popularity and movement، as well as its classification and production. "
"Study methodology: answering the problems raised and testing the validity of their hypotheses، then following the descriptive، inductive and analytical approach to familiarize themselves with the concepts and basic elements related to usurious bank loans in the modern era".
"In this context، we put forward the following hypothesis: The origin of usurious borrowing from banks and others is represented in (the satisfaction of the financial deficit) at the customer، which leads to injustice and the occurrence of a deficit in the economic process in the economic sector".
"The study has been summarized into a set of results: All forms and applications of usurious loans in our modern age are prohibited in Islam، because they have been verified by the prohibition of usury in Islamic Sharia، which is (the conditional addition to the original loan or debt in return for the term)".
"The structure of the study came as follows: I divided the research into seven demands، the first: a statement of the nomenclature of the transaction in the modern era، the second: the concept of interest-based banking transaction، the third: the economic aspect of the transaction، the fourth: the sections of usurious loans، the fifth: the face of realizing usury in interest-based banks Sixth: Correcting the usurious banking transaction. Seventh: Applications of usurious loans".

Abstract
This study addresses the thematic Interpretation of the Qur’anic text and its role in consolidating ethical values in the era of globalization. It aims to highlight the mechanisms by which the Qur’an guides ethical behavior, analyze the challenges facing Qur’anic discourse under the influence of globalization’s cultural and intellectual pressures, and explore ways to activate Qur’anic values within the family, school, and society.
The study is organized into four main sections: The conceptual framework of the Qur’anic text and ethical values: It examines the concept of the Qur’anic text and Its educational and directive dimensions, the notion of ethical values and their sources in Islam, and the relationship between the Qur’anic text and human behavior، Mechanisms of Qur’anic guidance for ethical values: The study reviews the linguistic and rhetorical methods, legislative mechanisms, and affective and educational strategies used by the Qur’an to instill virtuous behavior, Challenges of globalization: The study outlines the intellectual and media manifestations of globalization, their impact on religious and ethical values in Muslim societies, and the challenges facing Qur’anic discourse in confronting cultural and material encroachment, The role of the Qur’anic text In consolidating ethical values In the modern era: The study discusses the Qur’an’s method In resisting moral and educational deviation, the renewal of Qur’anic discourse through modern media, and the activation of Qur’anic values at the family, school, and societal levels.
The study concludes that the Qur’anic text serves as a comprehensive reference for ethical education, and that renewing and applying Qur’anic discourse through modern media enhances the Muslim community’s ability to confront the challenges of globalization. The study recommends intensifying applied research in Qur’anic moral education.

Abstract:
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of command engineering in enhancing the accuracy of knowledge retrieval for Islamic texts using artificial intelligence techniques. The research employs a descriptive-analytical approach to analyze current search mechanisms and test new models based on command engineering. The study is divided into three main sections: the general framework of the research, the theoretical framework of the role of command engineering, and an analysis of the applications of artificial intelligence in Islamic Jurisprudence. The findings indicate that command engineering significantly improves the accuracy of search results, enhances search efficiency, and reduces biases, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between Islamic scholars and artificial intelligence experts to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. It is recommended to develop more advanced algorithms and refine accuracy evaluation tools to further promote the use of artificial intelligence in the service of Islamic Jurisprudence.

Abstract
The phenomenon of juvenile delinquency is a persistent social challenge throughout history, demanding a profound understanding of its roots and causes. Islamic civilization, in particular, has demonstrated a profound interest in the care and upbringing of youth, establishing a comprehensive framework for their protection and society's responsibility towards them. This research, from a historical and civilizational standpoint, aims to analyze the social and economic factors contributing to juvenile delinquency in contemporary society, while drawing lessons from the educational and social principles embedded in Islamic heritage regarding prevention and treatment. The study analytically examines the role of the family, poverty, the surrounding environment, and the erosion of civilizational values in exacerbating this phenomenon. The research concludes that effective solutions to confront juvenile delinquency lie not only in security or legal measures, but in formulating preventive and therapeutic strategies that integrate historical wisdom with contemporary effectiveness, necessitating the activation of the roles of civil society institutions, the family, and the school based on an integrated civilizational vision.

Abstract
This research aims to study and investigate the manuscript "The Pilgrim's Sufficiency in Performing the Rites of Hajj" by Sheikh Mustafa al-Badri al-Dumyati al-Shafi'i (D.1298 AH). It is a concise work on the rulings of Hajj and Umrah according to the Shafi'i school of thought. The author compiles the pillars, obligations, recommended acts, and prohibitions, along with the expiations and compensations for neglecting them, in a concise and clear style. The first part of the research introduces the author, his scholarly standing, and his other works. It also describes the book, its methodology, and its significance, along with a description of the manuscripts used. The second part was dedicated to the investigation of the manuscript according to the scientific method, including collating copies, verifying the text, documenting Quranic verses and hadiths, tracing legal rulings, and explaining unfamiliar terms. This investigation contributes to reviving an important body of Islamic jurisprudence and making it more accessible to students, researchers, and pilgrims.

Abstract
The war between the Zionist entity and the Islamic Republic of Iran has led to a complete paralysis of airports in the Middle East region، disrupting air navigation and halting the operation of most airports. Travelers have become hostages due to the cancellation of hundreds of flights، continuous changes in flight schedules for takeoff and landing، and route alterations—especially in airports of countries that used the airspace of Tel Aviv and Tehran as corridors for warplanes، missiles، and drones. Thousands of travelers were forced to replace air travel with land or sea transportation between countries to avoid risks or remain waiting for hours or even days until flights to their destinations were provided.
The study aimed to examine the effects of the war on international tourist airports in Iraq. The research followed both the deductive and inductive methodologies and relied on personal interviews to collect data from airport managers، totaling twelve interviews. The study concluded that there is a weakness in Iraqi air sovereignty and a complete halt in air tourism، characterized by:
Tourist and religious flights arriving in Baghdad، Najaf، Basra، Erbil، and Sulaymaniyah were severely affected due to airspace closures.
Postponement or cancellation of hundreds of flights caused immediate financial losses for airlines and airports.
The study recommended the following:
First: Recommendations at the state and Iraqi government level:
1. Enhancing the security infrastructure of airports:
Installing early warning systems and defensive radars around airports (especially in Najaf، Baghdad، and Erbil).
Coordinating with the Iraqi Air Force to provide permanent protection of the airspace above airports.
2. Planning strategic alternative airports:
Developing alternative airports in safer areas (such as Nasiriyah Airport or Mosul Airport).
Connecting these airports with modern road and rail networks to quickly transport tourists in emergencies.
3. Establishing an emergency fund to support the aviation and tourism sectors:
Allocating resources to compensate for financial losses incurred by airports during airspace closures.
Supporting local airlines to reduce the impact of cancellations or rerouting.

Research Summary
The research, entitled “Deduction and its Types in the Holy Qur’an,” addresses the importance of deduction in the Holy Qur’an, its connection to the noblest of sciences, which is the word of God Almighty, and an explanation of the correct methods for obtaining deductions from the Book of God Almighty, and caution against false methods in deduction, and an explanation of its conditions, and knowledge of the correct methods for this science.

Abstract
This study examines the concept of Muruwwa (chivalry/magnanimity) in Islam through an analytical study of the hadiths of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), demonstrating its impact on building Islamic society. The study aims to explore the ethical and social dimensions of Muruwwa as presented in Shia hadith tradition, with comparisons to Sunni sources where applicable. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology in studying hadith texts, the research concludes that Muruwwa represents an integrated ethical system encompassing justice, generosity, forgiveness, humility, and good character, having a profound impact on social cohesion and mutual solidarity. The study found that the hadiths of Ahl al-Bayt present a comprehensive vision of Muruwwa that combines individual and collective dimensions, bridging ethical idealism with practical application, thus providing a viable ethical framework for addressing contemporary challenges and building a cohesive, cooperative society.

Research Abstract
This research explores poets' cognitive perceptions of poetic creativity. The primary research problem lies in the fact that discussions often center on critics' cognitive perceptions of the creative process. Therefore، this study aims to diverge from that trend by uncovering the poets' own cognitive perceptions and elucidating their visions derived from their actual practice of poetic creation. The research is categorized into a set of cognitive perceptions shared by poets based on their authentic experiences in producing poetic discourse.
The research findings reveal that each poet possesses specific cognitive mechanisms suited to their natural disposition، serving as active catalysts for their poetic output. These include specific creative spaces and times، recitation، scholarly reflection (Muthakara)، practice، and other cognitive perceptions involved in poetic creation.

Research Summary
This research demonstrates that consultation (shura) is a fundamental principle in Islamic law for achieving justice and stability in society، and it promotes participation and responsibility. The Holy Quran and the Sunnah (Prophetic traditions) emphasize the importance of consultation in decision-making and achieving the public good.
This research aims to establish consultation based on clear jurisprudential principles and objectives within Islamic law. The research's significance lies in its application of consultation in various fields، such as social، political، and economic spheres، to achieve the interests of society. The research problem stems from the contemporary challenges facing consultation in its practical application within modern Islamic societies due to societal changes. These challenges can be addressed through a sound، legally grounded understanding of consultation and by learning from the experiences of other nations. The research concludes by promoting a deeper understanding of consultation and its applications in contemporary Islamic life.

Research summary
Because the Prophet or Messenger is human, he experiences the feelings that occur to the rest of his species, and he becomes afflicted with despair, frustration, fear, fear, love, nostalgia, humility, anger, and other things that afflict the sons of Adam. Then God, Blessed and Most High, brings signs, miracles, and blessings that afflict the righteous, so God Almighty strengthens the heart of that Messenger, With a message from Him, the Almighty, so His resolve is strengthened and tranquility enters his heart, so he will triumph, with the permission of the One, Only, the Eternal, the Messenger, over the misguided, polytheist, unbelieving people, and their plot will go unheeded, and his victory will be either by guiding them by the command of God Almighty, or by destroying the misguided people.

English summary
The Azerbaijani political model is a source of concern for Iranians، particularly given that both countries are predominantly Shia. The success of the secular Azerbaijani model، which is similar to the Turkish model but differs significantly ideologically and politically from the Iranian "Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist" (Velayat-e Faqih) model، may inspire Shia Muslims in the near or distant future، potentially at the expense of the Iranian model established after the 1979 Islamic Revolution. This is especially true considering the political problems، sectarian conflicts، and instability that the Iranian model has caused in Iraq and the wider region. Furthermore، the significant overlap between the Iranian model and most countries in the region and the world makes the Azerbaijani model more likely to be an inspiration than the Iranian one.

Abstract
The Holy Quran is the miraculous book of Allah, whose wonders never cease. Every word mentioned in it has a reason, every word is presented first for a reason, and every word is delayed for a reason. The more the researcher researches the Holy Quran, the more he adheres to it, is guided by its guidance, glorifies and reveres it, ponders its meanings, and discovers its secrets and implications. There is no doubt that the context of presenting and delaying words has an important impact on interpreting texts and clarifying their meanings, as presenting words before others is linked to taking into consideration the requirements of the situation and the context of the statement. Therefore, whatever is given greater attention and clearer meaning has priority in presentation.
Through this study, we addressed the topic of non-conventional presentation in some verses of the Holy Quran, which means: violating the natural or original order of the parts of the sentence, i.e. presenting one element before another in the sentence for a rhetorical purpose that is not achieved in the original order. Sometimes, there is no grammatical reason for presenting one word before another, but rather it is a purely rhetorical reason that aims to achieve a special meaning that the text lacks in the original order. It differs from conventional presentation, which has a known rank in the structure, such as presenting the predicate before the subject or the direct object before the verb and the agent.
This research relied on the inductive and analytical approach, in order to reveal the secrets of the Quranic language in its use of this style to enrich understanding and contemplation of the Quranic text. The most important results of the study were: This type of presentation contributes to the aesthetics of Quranic expression and demonstrates its rhetorical richness, which reflects its linguistic miraculousness. The study also made important recommendations, including: conducting more in-depth research and studies on non-conventional presentation in the Holy Quran to understand the secrets of its great language.

Abstract
The events that Libya has witnessed since 2011 from the continuing escalation of violence as a result of the armed conflict between the conflicting political forces through armed groups and militias affiliated to the parties to the conflict, have received wide attention from regional and international powers, and prompted many regional and international parties to call on the conflicting forces in Libya to resolve the conflict through among the international powers, there were organizations or countries that were active and interested in the Libyan issue.

Abstract
The discourse surrounding Tawhid (the Oneness of God) among the Mutakallimun (Islamic scholastic theologians) and Ahl al-Hadith (adherents of Prophetic tradition) encompasses profound theological implications، notwithstanding their divergent methodologies in its substantiation and elaboration. Ahl al-Hadith primarily emphasize absolute submission to the literal interpretation of sacred texts for the affirmation of God's attributes and appellations. They contend that sound belief is predicated upon an unwavering acceptance of divine revelation and Prophetic tradition، without recourse to allegorical interpretation (ta'wil) or anthropomorphic conceptualization (takyeef)، Their understanding of Tawhid encompasses the unicity of divine Lordship (Rububiyyah)، Divinity (Uluhiyyah)، and Names and Attributes (Asma wa Sifat)، Furthermore، they caution against speculative inquiry into the nuanced nature of divine attributes beyond the scope of human intellect، viewing such endeavors as theological innovations (bid'ah) potentially leading to divine negation (ta'til) or anthropomorphism (tashbih).
Conversely، the Mutakallimun employ a rationalistic framework for the elucidation of Tawhid، leveraging logical and philosophical argumentation to establish God's existence، singularity، and attributes. Their objective is to systematically address and refute intellectual ambiguities pertaining to religious doctrine. Consequently، they may engage in the allegorical interpretation of certain apparent textual meanings if these appear to contradict what they deem as conclusive rational demonstration، while meticulously avoiding divine negation. The shared theological essence of both schools lies in their collective endeavor to assert God's transcendent majesty and absolute perfection، alongside affirming His uniqueness and sole entitlement to worship، even as their epistemological tools and interpretive paradigms diverge in realizing this supreme theological objective.

Research summary
God Almighty created wealth and legislated laws in accordance with preserving it from all that harms it, and set punishments for anyone who wants to destroy it or attack it. Scholars of the objectives of Sharia have made the objective of preserving wealth one of the five essentials. In this research, I have dealt with the study of the objective of preserving wealth in terms of definition and evidence, Then I explained the levels of preserving money, and then I developed an application of the verses of rulings for each level of preserving money. It was an inductive study of the verses of rulings to extract the purpose of preserving money.

Abstract
The research aimed to demonstrate the Quran's unique ability to shape religious memory، particularly through the lens of argumentation as seen in the contexts of past nations and their debates with their prophets. It linked this to interpretive intertextuality، which serves as a key to understanding the intertextuality between different texts. The research revealed that the dialectic of the Quranic discourse, as a revealing text، shifted from engaging with past nations to employing symbolism to address our own people and reshape religious memory.
The findings indicated that: - the presence of explicit intertextuality in the Quranic text، specifically in discussions of narratives from past nations، as seen in the prophets' calls to their people; - the mechanism of symbolic analysis، linked to a state of debate that reveals action and motivation، uncovering what lies hidden behind the text; and - the analytical interpretation mechanism، which is prominent in the Quran in numerous instances where the Quranic context reveals biases and conflicts through critical analysis. Intertextuality، drawing from previous texts، is present in traditional exegesis، as seen in the inclusion of sayings of narrators from the People of the Book in books of exegesis.
These sayings relate the stories of the prophets and their people، which are included in these books. The shift from intertextuality to dialectical intertextuality indicates a move from simply citing narrations in exegesis to critiquing and scrutinizing them، and ultimately determining the most accurate interpretation.

Abstract
This study examines the issue of human actions (Afʿāl al-ʿIbād) as a central theme in Islamic theological construction, due to its close connection with the doctrines of monotheism, divine decree (Qadar), divine justice, and moral responsibility. The research aims to provide a foundational analysis of human actions based on revealed texts and established theological principles, highlighting the balanced approach of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah in reconciling God’s all-encompassing will with human acquired capacity, while avoiding both determinism and absolute free will. The study also analyzes the theological perspectives of major Islamic sects on this issue and evaluates their doctrinal and ethical implications. Employing an inductive and analytical methodology with a comparative theological approach.

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

Abstract
This study aims to uncover the rhetorical characteristics of the interrogative particle Hal in Qur’anic expression through an analytical approach that examines its occurrences in the Holy Text and highlights the subtle distinctions between it and other interrogative particles—particularly the hamzah (a)—in light of their rhetorical contexts.
The research seeks to enrich the Arabic and Qur’anic library with a new specialized study that focuses exclusively on a single interrogative particle، combining linguistic and rhetorical analysis—an aspect that has not been previously treated in a detailed، independent manner by earlier scholars.
The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology based on tracing all occurrences of Hal in the Qur’an and relating them to their rhetorical purposes، such as denial، affirmation، reproach، exhortation، and arousal of interest. It draws upon the insights of classical and modern rhetoricians and exegetes.
The findings reveal the precision of the Qur’anic choice of Hal in contexts requiring affirmation، confirmation، or persuasion of the addressee to believe، in contrast to the use of the hamzah in contexts implying genuine inquiry or intense reproach. Thus، the research presents a refined rhetorical perspective that highlights the miraculous eloquence of Qur’anic expression in its deliberate and meaningful use of interrogative particles to convey the depth of divine rhetoric.

Summary
This research examines "Poetic Images in the Poetry of Kashajim in the Abbasid Era" through an analytical study focused on the mechanisms of image formation and its semantic functions within a specific discourse. The study relied on a sample of Kashajim's poetry that dealt with the cup and drink, the slave girl and singing, the flock and the garden, stones and jewelry, and social scenes. It applied to these poems a precise textual reading method that combines rhetoric and functionality, supported by classifying the imagery elements according to the element or subject, the rhetorical device, the sensory channel, the syntactic structure, and the semantic function.
On the level of meaning, material things in Kashajim’s poetry are transformed into symbolic currency, from the cup and drink to a symbol of luxury, feasting, and identity. Likewise, falcons, stones, and jewelry become symbols of status and taste, and gardens and ponds are signs of privilege. Thus, the image becomes a practical tool that performs dual functions of emotional gratification, clarification of the social and political situation, and sometimes an existential contemplation that hints at the fragility of extravagance and time.
These findings contribute to narrowing the methodological gap between textual rhetoric and studies related to textual imagery. They also present a framework applicable to other Abbasid poets. Furthermore, the study offers practical suggestions, such as the necessity of compiling a more comprehensive collection of Kushajim's poetry, as well as comparisons with poets of his era to understand poetic imagery during this period and identify points of similarity and difference among these poets who shared a common atmosphere and socio-political context. In conclusion, the research demonstrates that Kushajim is not merely a narrator describing the Abbasid era or scenes from the Abbasid court, but a skilled poetic imager who crafted from the raw material of life a comprehensive system of meaningful images that serve artistic, rhetorical, and semantic sensibilities, documenting their symbolic presence within the Abbasid era, an era charged with symbolism and imagery.

Abstract
The judicial authority is one of the most important pillars of governance، for it is the function of the prophets and messengers، and the means by which justice is upheld and the law of Allah Almighty is implemented. A judge must possess knowledge of the Qur’an and Sunnah، sound reasoning، and familiarity with judicial matters، for the judge is the one who settles disputes، resolves conflicts، and grants each individual their rightful due.
In this research، I dedicated my study to examining two jurisprudential issues from the chapter on judiciary in Bahr al-Madhhab by the eminent Shafi‘i scholar، Judge al-Ruyani (d. 502 AH). I presented al-Ruyani’s legal preferences alongside the opinions of other Islamic legal schools، clarifying the strongest view among them.

Abstract
This research examines poetic images of the title in Arabic prose poetry, focusing on the artistic and semantic dimensions of the poetic image. The study highlights the evolution of the image concept in both Arabic and Western criticism, and the importance of the image in generating meaning and enhancing textual aesthetics. It discusses various types of poetic images such as suggestive, symbolic, and ironic images and analyses their functions in modern poetic texts. The research explores the relationship between the title, the poetic image, and textual context, as well as the role of imagination and reception in producing meaning. The study concludes that the diversity and intermingling of images give prose poetry greater depth and aesthetic richness, making it a fertile ground for innovation and interpretation, with the reader playing an essential role as a co-creator of meaning.

Abstract
Principles of Jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) play a significant role in identifying the sources of Sharia rulings governing human actions. Without this field of knowledge, an individual remains ignorant of the origins of rulings, the methodology of deducing them, and the linguistic study of legislative sources. Accordingly, I have chosen the topic: "Dislike (Karahah) and Prohibition (Tahrim) according to Jurists and their Jurisprudential Applications on Social Media Content." This study focuses specifically on the rulings of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid al-Sistani regarding various issues where he expressed opinions based on dislike or prohibition concerning social media, the internet, forums, and communication programs such as Messenger, WhatsApp, Viber, and others. These platforms are a double-edged sword; they may offer beneficial traits for disseminating religious or practical information or for educational purposes, yet their use may also lead to prohibited acts (Haram) or dubious matters (Shubuhat), which is the focus of this study.
The research is divided into three sections:
The First Section: Discusses the mandatory rulings (Al-Ahkam al-Taklifiyya), including their definitions and categories, followed by a brief overview of the life of Sayyid al-Sistani.
The Second Section: Explores Dislike (Karahah), its definition, and how jurists of the major schools of thought categorize it. It also examines the applications of dislike in specific issues ruled upon by Sayyid al-Sistani, drawing evidence from Quranic verses, the Prophetic Sunnah, the sayings of the Ahl al-Bayt, and certain fundamental jurisprudential rules.
The Third Section: Addresses Prohibition (Tahrim), its definition, wisdom, and categorization among the major schools of thought. It reviews several issues that Sayyid al-Sistani ruled as prohibited, substantiated by the Quran, the Sunnah, the sayings of the Ahl al-Bayt, and fundamental legal principles.

Abstract
The German occupation of Greece and the flight of the government and the king from the country created a political power vacuum that prompted political parties to compete to form a government, especially the Greek Communist Party, which succeeded in mobilizing the people against the German occupation and forming a military wing, which caused a struggle between the parties for power.
Britain and the United States intervened to stop the communist tide and the Soviet Union’s control over the country, and war began between the Greek national army, supported by Britain and the United States, and the communist democratic army, supported by the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia.

Abstract
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the Master of Messengers. The research entitled “Permissible Addiction” includes five sections: The first section deals with the meaning of addiction and its types, the second section deals with the evidence for the permissibility of addiction to obedience, the third section mentions the ruling on perseverance in obedience, and it contains three points, and the fourth section discusses some forms of permissible addiction in obedience, It contains four points, and the fifth section is about some means that help with permissible addiction, and it contains four points. The research also includes a conclusion and a list of sources.

Research Abstract
This research aims to identify the effect of the (Triple Intelligence Theory) strategy on the achievement of Arabic grammar among second-year intermediate school students.
To verify the research objective، the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis:
- There is no statistically significant difference at the (0.05) level between the average achievement scores of the experimental group students who study Arabic grammar using the (Triple Intelligence Theory) strategy، and the average achievement scores of the control group students who study Arabic grammar using the traditional method.

Abstract

This research aims to examine the reality of human security amid internal conflicts in Syria, by analyzing the impact of these conflicts on the main dimensions of human security: the economic, social, political, and environmental aspects. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical method and employed a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection from a sample of individuals within Syrian society.
Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between internal conflicts and the economic dimension of human security, while the other dimensions showed no clear significant effects. Furthermore, it was found that economic deterioration, represented by rising poverty and unemployment rates and declining income levels, is a major factor contributing to the escalation of internal conflicts and their negative consequences on the Syrian people.
The research concluded that enhancing human security requires focusing on reforming economic and social policies, achieving equitable distribution of resources, and supporting efforts toward reconstruction and sustainable development. The study also recommended the coordination of local and international efforts to rebuild state institutions and strengthen human stability in Syria.

Abstract
The Iraqi–Egyptian relations represent one of the most significant inter-Arab relations that have experienced various phases of convergence and divergence according to political, regional, and international circumstances. Both countries share common interests in political, economic, and security fields, in addition to deep historical and cultural ties. Following the regional transformations after 2003, mutual efforts have emerged to rebuild cooperation through economic, investment, and security projects within the trilateral framework between Iraq, Egypt, and Jordan.

Research summary
The political engineering (the science of state-building) sets out a general plan for the image of the state it aims to establish, defining its goals, foundations, institutions, structure, and operating rules, etc. This image must gain the acceptance of the people or the majority of them, so that it gains legitimacy and acceptance from the outset. The effort to establish it is an expression of the people's will, realizing their aspirations and hopes without imposition or guardianship The goal of the state proposed by our political engineering for crisis. management is to improve the quality and level of people's lives This goal is derived from observing human endeavors since the emergence of Homo sapiens until now. Humans have sought to improve their quality of life since ancient times, leading to the emergence of the first civilizations in Mesopotamia, and guiding humans to discover the code of life and go to the moon.

Abstract
The current study aims to analyze the ministerial examination questions for the Arabic language subject in vocational education in Iraq from 2019 to 2024، based on Bloom's Taxonomy. The research problem lies in determining whether these questions achieve an appropriate balance across the different levels of thinking identified in Bloom’s Taxonomy، such as knowledge، comprehension، application، analysis، synthesis، and evaluation. It also examines the extent to which these questions align with the educational objectives outlined in the curriculum.
The importance of this research is highlighted in improving the quality of ministerial examination questions and ensuring their diversity across various cognitive and intellectual levels. By analyzing and classifying the questions according to Bloom's levels، the study provides a precise insight into the effectiveness of these questions in assessing students’ skills in knowledge، comprehension، application، analysis، synthesis، and evaluation.
The researcher reached the following conclusions and recommendations:
1. The analysis of ministerial examination questions for the sixth-grade vocational level revealed results aligned with the objectives of teaching Arabic grammar in terms of knowledge، comprehension، and application within the cognitive domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy.
2. The examination question designers only partially addressed the behavioral objectives when formulating the questions، and this was to a limited extent.
3. It is essential for the question-setting committee to consider the objectives of teaching Arabic grammar when formulating the examination questions.
4. A similar study should be conducted on ministerial examination questions for the intermediate level in other branches of the Arabic language and other grade levels.