The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
This study is an attempt to reveal the effect of sounds on the meaning of the form (word) that they formulate. A phonosemantic study is done of ten romantic movies’ titles to show how sounds can reflect meaning and associate with feelings, emotions and attitudes. The Universal Theory that Agrawal suggested is used as a model in this study. The results show that sounds are meaning-bearing elements. Furthermore; it reveals that the titles reflect the events of their movies.

Abstract:-
This paper attempts to investigate personification as a kind of cognitive ontological metaphor in the Glorious Qur\\\\'an from a rhetorical pragmatic perspective. It aimed to analyze the rhetorical features and cognitive pragmatic aspects of personification as well as its types in selected holy verses (ayahs) Glorious Qur\\\\'an. This study has adopted a qualitative descriptive and analytical method of the illustrative verses depending on the four types of personification: mental, natural, psychological and social. The findings of analysis revealed that personification is a kind of cognitive ontological metaphors in English and cognitive implicit trope in Arabic, used in the Glorious Qur\\\\'an in many contexts to foster meaning and achieve effective persuasion. They reflected that personification is a highly effective device in which imagination and metaphor are integrated to give life to nonhuman images and intellectualize inanimate things and entities. In the Glorious Qur\\\\'an, inanimate entities and animals have been given rational, intellectual, living and cultural aspects and traits via integration with other pragma-rhetorical devices such as explicit metaphors, parables and comparisons (simile).

Abstract:-
The ideology of racism involves beliefs about racial inequalities that are based on superficial differences in physical appearance as well as artificially constructed differences. In recent years, movies have been considered as a means of individual and social transformation. Therefore, the current study investigates the two core tools of Jeffries’ (2022) model of critical stylistics, namely, Naming and Describing and Representing Processes, in African-American movies, i.e., The Help (2011) and Hidden Figures (2015). The study is significant for all ordinary readers to be aware of the tools used to show racism. In addition, sociologists, critical stylistics, critical discourse studies, and any other academic interested in the language of racism may find it useful. The present study tries to answer the following questions: (1) What are the most and least employed categories of the Naming and Describing tool? and (2) What are the most and least employed categories of the Representing Processes tool? The study aims to figure out the most and least used categories of Naming and Describing and Representing Processes tools. The study concludes that: (1) in both movies, modification of nouns is higher in appearance, while nominalization records the least frequency, and (2) material action process is the most used category whereas, existential process is the least used.

Abstract:-
This study is a pragmatic study of positive politeness strategies of claiming common ground in Biden's speeches on Russia's attack on Ukraine. In fact, there is a lack of studies tackling claiming common ground strategies in political speeches, especially in Biden's speeches. The study tries to bridge the gap in this concern by focusing on claiming common ground strategies in Biden's speeches on Russia's attack on Ukraine. Furthermore, the questions of the study are: What are the positive politeness strategies for claiming common ground in Biden's speeches on Russia's attack on Ukraine? What are the most and least frequently used ones of those strategies?
To achieve its aims, the study employs Brown and Levinson's (1987) model of claiming common ground in positive politeness strategies. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are employed to analyze the data. The study concludes that Biden's speech on Russia's attack on Ukraine employs the most frequently used strategies, which are "assert common ground" and "exaggerate (approval, etc.) with the hearer." The study finds that "avoid disagreement" and "intensify interest to hearer" are the least frequent strategies.

Abstract:-
This study focuses on the interrelationship between Arabic language and Traditional Environmental Knowledge (TEK), discussing how linguistic practices reflect and eternalise ecological understanding within Arabic-speaking communities. This research emphasises the role of language in improving and imparting environmental knowledge utilising a methodology based on the review of online materials, textbooks, journals and library resources. Arabic with its vast lexicon and dialectical variations, epitomises a rich matrix of ecological concepts and practices. This study discovers that Traditional Environmental Knowledge (TEK) in Arabic-speaking cultures is deeply planted in the language affecting agricultural practice, water management and navigation across arid landscapes. As an example, many Arabic terms are reserved for describing subtle variations in soil quality, stages of plant growth and types of winds, influence on a profound environmental literacy. As a result of the examination of traditional proverbs, indigenous narratives and poetic expressions, the study highlights how Arabic language codifies environmental knowledge and as a means of promoting community identity and in the face of ecological difficulties. The study recommends that preserving and revatilising the linguistic heritage of Arabic-speaking communities is essential for sustaining their Traditional Environmental Knowledge. The interconnection between environmental knowledge and language emphasise the need for culturally informed conservation strategies that venerate and incorporate indigenous linguistic and ecological knowledge systems. Hence, Arabic language is not just a medium of communication but a significant repository of Traditional Environmental Knowledge (TEK) that is indispensable for understanding and managing the environment in culturally vibrant ways.

Abstract:-
A prerequisite for a better understanding of any discourse is performing a correct and accurate analysis of its structure. Also, such an analysis is needed for assembling the meaning of not only the simple straightforward discourse structures but also the ones that are fragmented such as in a story or an elaborate description based on the meanings of the utterances constituting that fragment. Making such analysis a must is also justified by the need for assigning a correct semantic interpretation to clauses constituting a discourse.
Therefore, this paper attempts to tackle one of the methods for analyzing a discourse structure. Following Erteschik-shir and Lappin (1979), this work tackles the issue of topic and dominance assignment in complicated discourse structures such as narratives. In this kind of genre, discourse occurs as a chain of structures leading to a complicated structure that needs a clear syntactic model for an accurate analysis. The model presented by Danes (1974) regarding the assignment of the type of theme and rheme chaining in a discourse is adopted as those two concepts are quite similar to the concepts under investigation in this work, topic and dominance. The researcher concludes that in storytelling different techniques of chaining are used with different frequencies based on the function underlying each text leading to different information distribution.

Abstract:-
In this article, a brief overview is given of how the Greek word "logos" appears, and in this case Greek, Jewish, Christian, and contemporary views are examined.
The Greeks, by them originates the Logos, used this term for many meanings, including: word, speech, intellect etc. By the Jewish theologians and especially Philo, Logos is equivalent to the Prophet, and in terms of Christian theologians, the Logos is the same as the "Word of God" or Christ and the second person of the Holy Trinity or "Son", which is divine, and substantial like God the father". In contemporary times, Logos has found many meanings as, for example, Hegel's "Spirit", and Derrida's "writing", and Tillich’s "manifestation of God", are some interpretations of it.

Abstract:-
This study analyzes the narrative techniques in the novel "Baghdad Clock" by Shahd Al Rawi, focusing on three main axes: the scenic description, the scenic dialogue, and the movement and scenic shots, as well as the audio-visual effects. Description is considered an essential artistic tool in shaping the literary image, as it works to embody scenes through precise details that highlight places, characters, and events, which gives a realistic and aesthetic character to the text. Al Rawi employed description in a way that creates vivid mental images, whether through the external description of characters and places or the internal description of psyches and feelings, based on a rhetorical and narrative vision that reflects artistic and intellectual depth. Dialogue, on the other hand, represented another pillar in constructing the novelistic scene, whether external between characters or internal (monologue) that reveals psychological and existential conflicts. External dialogue conveyed situations and ideas in a lively manner, while internal dialogue revealed the characters' concerns and contradictions, as in the scenes in which the narrator expressed her rejection of war and her fear of death. Dialogue contributed to strengthening the narrative plot and highlighting the novel's intellectual vision. In the axis of movement and visual shots, the novel invested cinematic techniques to enhance the illusion of realism, through partial shots that compose complete scenes based on visual and auditory details. Describing movement, colors, and sounds transformed the text into imaginary scenes resembling cinematic presentations, such as the approaching car scene or the symbolic travel shot. These techniques enhanced the interaction between the reader and the text, making the narrative more dynamic and impactful. The study reveals how these narrative techniques interacted in "Baghdad Clock" to construct a rich narrative world that combines psychological depth and artistic aesthetics, relying on precise description, expressive dialogue, and moving visual shots. This makes the novel a model of literature that combines traditional narrative with contemporary techniques for depicting reality and shaping meanings.

Abstract:-
The strong dependence of man in the age of communication and technology on material things and physiological needs has led him to a crisis called the crisis of spirituality or spiritual poverty, and has undoubtedly prepared the ground for many mental and psychological harms, stress, depression, etc. Despite the great achievements of mankind today, under the shadow of his efforts and rationalism in the levels of knowledge and technology, due to the inappropriate enjoyment of spirituality, his humanity and human identity are at risk, and it is not unlikely that the results of his efforts and findings will be used against his human identity. On the other hand, one of the most important needs of man is to achieve peace; one of the paths to achieving peace that arises from the natural nature of man is to adhere to religion, and since Islam is the most complete of religions, it will be the main source of achieving peace. The foundation of Islam and the manual of life and the healing prescription for peace of mind is the Holy Quran. Knowing a way of life with peace and health of body and mind is one of the basic needs of humans. On the other hand, one of the most important concerns of the religion of Islam is to pay attention to the physical and mental health of humans. Given that the health and illness of individuals are also among the most important issues for the individual and society, the only way for humans to be free from worries and stresses that disrupt the peace and mental health of a person is to believe in God Almighty and worship Him sincerely. The results show that people with stress are always afraid, have low self-confidence, anxiety, and emotional instability. Therefore, having a purposeful life and the strength of one's religious beliefs can play a significant role in an individual's coping with stressful situations in life and increasing the level of mental health of individuals. Also, providing strategies for dealing with stress such as: faith, trust, good faith, patience, and... is important in helping people achieve peace. This article was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources.

Abstract:-
There is no doubt that there is a clear connection between the word and the meaning, making them as one. When the word is present, the meaning is present. Despite the clear distinction between the two, there is also no doubt that there is a reason for this connection. Therefore, discussing the nature of this connection has become a subject of research in the sciences of language and principles in the Arab heritage. While some have refrained from ruling on the causality of this relationship, others have expressed their opinions on how languages originated. It can be said that these schools are represented by three: the first is the subjective school, which holds that there is a real relationship between the word and the meaning; the technical school, which denies it; and the tawqifi school, which attributes this relationship to God Almighty.
Each of these three schools has its supporters and the evidence it relies on. However, it can be said that considering the real evidence, indications, and supporting evidence, each of these schools can contribute to explaining the origin of language, but in a partial, not a universal, positive manner, as will become clear in the following discussions, if God Almighty wills.

Abstract:-
Historical studies abound with a vast amount of information and facts that may be known to us, or that history and historians may ignore or overlook. However, the reality that no reasonable and fair-minded person can overlook is that what the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) provided to Muslims and humanity as a whole was remarkable on all levels and in all fields—spiritual and material. It was a period of advancement and progress in terms of social justice and its realization, as well as in terms of the advancement of various sciences. Despite the shortness of that period and the many upheavals, events, and challenges, the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) continued to implement his humanitarian Islamic approach and to realize what the Messenger of God (May God pray on him and his family) brought, as his legitimate successor and true extension. In this research, we have sought to recall and highlight some of the flourishing cultural and civilizational renaissance that the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) achieved during this period, his short government period in all aspects, including the judiciary, so our research included an introduction and two chapters. The chapters included discussions and demands, in which we addressed the nature of the research, concepts, generalities, and a part of the life of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), his intellectual and human personality, and his justice through the application of his governmental approach and the application of Islamic law in a realistic way. We mentioned examples of his judiciary and his approach to the judiciary, as well as his role in establishing the foundations and prosperity of Islamic culture and civilization.

Abstract:-
This topic is considered one of the newly developed medical topics, and there has been talk about it among the jurists and the legitimacy of its implications, and I have discussed this in two sections:
First topic: Artificial insemination between spouses: Artificial insemination between spouses is permissible according to Islamic law, but the prohibition relates to a stranger extracting the egg to fertilize it and then returning it to the wife’s womb, which leads to seeing the private parts, which is a forbidden matter, whether the one performing it is a man or a woman. The child is their legitimate child even if the insemination took place in the wife’s womb after the death of her husband, because she was not a foreigner after his death, contrary to those who ruled that it was forbidden based on her being a foreigner after death.
Section Two: Artificial insemination between non-married couples: Artificial insemination between non-married couples is not permissible according to Islamic law, but the child is not considered the child of fornication, and the legal consequences of fornication do not apply to him, nor is the perpetrator subject to the prescribed punishment for adultery. The father is the owner of the sperm, and the mother is the woman in whose womb the fertilized egg was implanted. The child born from them is subject to all the rules of lineage.

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Abstract:-
Homosexuality is a very reprehensible act. It is considered a departure from sound nature and a challenge to reason. Therefore, Sharia law prohibits it, and even considers it a hudud crime, with a prescribed punishment prescribed by Sharia. Homosexuality has numerous social harms and risks, and the spread of this obscenity in any society indicates a very serious state of social and moral decline. Perhaps one of the most dangerous and influential causes and factors in the spread of the obscenity of homosexuality in our societies is the Western media and cultural promotion, as well as the Western political and legal support for this obscenity. To treat those involved in this heinous crime and this ugly and shameful behavior, there are two approaches:
The first is the punishment prescribed by Islamic law, but in the present era, this approach is impossible to implement due to numerous obstacles. The second approach is repentance on the part of homosexuals.

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Abstract:-
This study examines the formation and interconnection of accounts (Akhbar) regarding the poet Al-Farazdaq in the book Kitab al-Aghani, as well as their structural methodology. The research is conducted through two primary axes:
The First Axis: Focuses on the "Major Narrative Connectors," "Minor Internal Connectors," and the Isnad (Chain of Transmission) as a means of authenticating the narrative.
The Second Axis: Explores the significance and implications of the accounts mentioned in the book.
The research aims to analyze this interconnection through these two axes, highlighting Al-Farazdaq's status and exploring the reasons behind the extensive coverage his persona received in Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani’s Kitab al-Aghani."

Abstract:-
Solar energy is one of the largest renewable energy sources on the planet. The Earth receives 10 times the energy stored in all non-renewable energy reserves. It is a major strategic option for meeting future local and global energy needs. Therefore, it is available in most countries around the world. Furthermore, it is a clean, non-polluting, and noise-free energy source. It can also be manufactured locally to suit the realities and development needs of many fields. Solar energy is renewable and eternal, meaning it is a safe and non-monopolistic source. Global experience has confirmed the close relationship between the success of development and the energy provided to drive and manage it. Solar energy has dominated global investment in new energy generation to an unprecedented extent. This study shows that the natural and human conditions of the study area greatly help in exploiting the available renewable energy in establishing many sustainable development projects. The study area has a long period of sunshine, exceeding 10 hours on average, which increases the possibility of producing high levels of energy. The use of renewable energy is one of the most prominent trends in sustainable development.

Abstract:-
This study aims to analyze the Zero Interest Rate Policy (ZIRP) from a monetary and economic perspective, focusing on its effectiveness in achieving financial stability and economic growth in developing economies. The research assumes that ZIRP, under certain conditions, may serve as a transitional step toward a financing model closer to the Islamic economic system, which emphasizes justice and risk-sharing. Using a comparative analytical approach, the study explores real-world applications of ZIRP in countries such as Japan, Egypt, Pakistan, Iran, and Iraq, and evaluates its macroeconomic and financial impacts. The findings suggest that while ZIRP can be an effective temporary instrument when applied within a broader reform framework, it cannot substitute for the Islamic model unless accompanied by deep institutional transformations.

Abstract:-
Population variables (births, deaths, migration) have a significant impact on guiding government policies to develop future plans by knowing the population growth in Iraq for the year 2030. Knowing these variables had a significant impact on comparing population growth in Iraqi governorates and showing the spatial differences and disparities between the population size of each governorate according to estimates issued by the Ministry of Planning. One of the most important proposals included in the research is the importance of family planning. Internal and external migration in Iraq also reflected the volatile reality, as several governorates such as Nineveh, Baghdad were affected by the entry of the terrorist organization ISIS, which led to major changes in the population structure, making it necessary to study the economic and social dimensions of this growth. The study explained the analysis of population trends in Iraq during this period, and examined the factors affecting population growth, as well as the importance of studying the effects of this growth on the level of the economy and public services.

Abstract:-
The research aims to measure the effect of the Interactive Relationship Between Leaders and Followers to adopt the Attributes of Dialogue Leadership in Promoting Job Engagement applied in for Mobile Communications Company in Holy Karbala. In order to achieve this goal, the attributes of the dialogue leadership (listening, Respecting, Suspending, Voicing) were adopted based on (Isaacs,1999), while the dimensions of Job Engagement (activity, devotion, preoccupation(adopted based on (Schaufeli&Bakker,2003).
Zain Iraq Mobile Telecommunications Company branches in the Middle Euphrates region were selected for the survey by (38) respondents from the branch managers and heads of departments of the research sample as well as the authorized managers of the local companies contracted with them as the distributor of the company's products. The correlation coefficient (Person), and the F-test was used to determine the significance of the regression equation, and R2 was used to interpret the effect of the independent variable in the dependent variable. One of the most important conclusions reached is that the adoption of the Attributes of the dialogue leadership of the company's senior management research sample generate positive interactive relationships that effectively affect the promotion of Job Engagement in the growing competition in the Iraqi telecommunications sector.
The research concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need for the company's management to build all the Attributes of the dialogue leadership and establish it as a successful business culture that enhances the Job Engagement of its employees, thereby contributing to the generation of innovative new services that continuously add value to the company, thus supporting the sustainability of its success at the local level. As well as the possibility of detecting the unrecognized opportunities in the newly targeted sectors based on the interactive relationship between the leaders and Followers that enhance their competitiveness in a positive way as a result of the tempting race of services provided within their centers of service, especially in the modern ones in some districts and districts of the sample..

Abstract:-
This research addresses the topic of kindergarten children’s exposure patterns to television programs and their relationship to social behavior within the kindergarten, within the framework of a descriptive correlational study based on the opinions of mothers and kindergarten teachers, as they are the ones who have the most contact with the child in his home and educational environments.
The research focuses on analyzing exposure patterns in terms of viewing time, content type (educational, entertainment, violent), viewing style (individual or accompanied by family), and the extent of the child's interaction with the programs. It also seeks to monitor aspects of social behavior within the kindergarten, such as cooperation, participation, respect for rules, and friendship formation, or conversely, aggressive behavior, isolation, and poor adherence to instructions.
The research relies on the quantitative descriptive approach to data collection, and to determine whether different exposure patterns are associated with a higher level of positive social behavior or with the emergence of negative behavior patterns. The research is theoretically based on contemporary interpretations in developmental psychology, especially social learning theory, which confirms that the child acquires behavior through observation and imitation of the content presented in the media, specifically television programs.
The researcher concluded that mothers with higher education often have greater awareness of content selection, guiding the child, and discussing what they watch. He recommended guiding families towards regulating children's viewing of television programs and choosing appropriate content that supports the development of positive social behavior within the kindergarten.

Abstract:-
Among the reasons for acquiring ownership in the Iraqi civil law under discussion is the right of pre-emption, which is an inception of the general rules that stipulate the freedom of contracting parties in accordance with the principle of the sovereignty of will and freedom of ownership. This right came to be a restriction on that freedom, as it restricts the owner's freedom to dispose of his property for the benefit of the other party who is a partner in the ownership of the sold item. This allows a partner to intervene in the sale contract concluded between his partner and a third party to replace the third party who is the buyer in this contract by virtue of the right of pre-emption granted to him by law. The purpose of establishing the right of pre-emption is to eliminate a widespread social phenomenon in jointly owned properties, and to reduce the number of partners owning the jointly owned property. In view of the above statement of the importance of the right of pre-emption and its impact on the right of ownership in common transactions, this research came to study and analyze the legal texts that govern and regulate this right in the Iraqi Civil Law No. (40) of 1951 AD as amended, arriving at a statement of the importance and results of the recognition of this right as well as to stand on what is stipulated in Article (1129) of the Iraqi Civil Law No. (40) of 1951 AD as amended, which limited the owners of the right of pre-emption to the partner in the residence or residential apartment and the extent of the suitability of this change with the rest of the texts regulating the right of pre-emption, and this is what we will find the details in the folds of this research...

Abstract:-
One of the ways to promote the advancement and development of the field of human studies and knowledge in general, and the field of historical studies in particular, is to follow and monitor the methodological revolutions taking place in the Western world in this regard, and to try to benefit from their data and employ them constructively by digesting and absorbing them, and to try to benefit from their positive aspects that serve the process of developing the reality of academic studies in the fields of human sciences and knowledge in the Arab world.
From this perspective, the research, using a descriptive and analytical approach, attempted to highlight and define one of the pivotal transformations that occurred in the history of Western thought - specifically in France - represented by the emergence of the New History School, and the profound theses and visions presented by the leading figures of this school, which brought about a transformation in the paths and directions of historical writing and knowledge in the West.
On this basis, the nature of the treatment in the research proceeded through two main axes. The first was to reveal the beginnings of the factors of emergence and formation of the New History School, its most important figures, and the characteristics and features that distinguished it, as well as the nature of the goals that it sought to achieve. The second axis was to stop at revealing the nature of the methodological foundations and starting points through which the New History School built its patterns of work and approaches to historical topics and phenomena.

Abstract:-
The commercial function represents one of the most prominent urban functions and serves as the main driver of economic life in the city of Al-Qaim. Owing to its geographical location at the confluence of the Euphrates River and the desert plateau, as well as its border extension with Syria, the city has assumed a pivotal role in stimulating economic activity and trade exchange. The city has passed through three morphological stages in which its commercial function evolved from a small, limited market into a diversified commercial center serving both the city and the Upper Euphrates region. The area devoted to commercial uses increased from 0.7 hectares in the first stage to 52.6 hectares in 2023, accounting for 3.7% of the developed land, with a clear diversification in activities between wholesale, retail, and commercial services. The findings revealed that the main market constitutes the core of the city’s economy, supported by the spread of establishments along the central arterial street and the international road, where the number of commercial establishments reached 2,007 employing 2,247 individuals. The study also identified several challenges, including rising commodity prices, weak organization and cleanliness, and spatial imbalance in the distribution of establishments. Therefore, it can be concluded that the commercial function of Al-Qaim is not limited to serving its local population, but extends to meet the needs of the surrounding region, making it a vital economic center that requires strengthened spatial planning and improved services to ensure the sustainability of its commercial role.

Abstract:-
This article aims to examine the Quranic foundation for human rights, through an analysis of Quranic texts that establish the principles of human dignity and fundamental rights, in light of the contemporary challenges facing the implementation of these rights. The article begins by defining human rights from a philosophical and international perspective, then moves on to review the Islamic foundation, which affirms that the Holy Quran is the primary reference for defining rights and duties. It emphasizes human dignity and the right to life, liberty, and justice. The article addresses the most prominent rights stipulated in the Quran, whether personal rights such as freedom of belief and dignity, or social and economic rights such as justice and equality. In the final section of the study, the article discusses the contemporary challenges that hinder the implementation of human rights in light of the Quranic text. These challenges include cultural and political challenges such as Westernization and the use of human rights for political purposes, in addition to the legal and executive challenges related to reconciling Islamic law with international conventions. The article concludes that the Quranic foundation for human rights constitutes a solid foundation based on universal legal principles, which calls for the necessity of developing a contemporary Islamic discourse capable of confronting challenges and guaranteeing human rights in a balanced manner that is consistent with the specificities of Islamic societies.

Abstract:-
The study aimed to investigate:
1- The level of availability of 21st-century skills among students of the Science Department.
2- The differences in the level of availability of 21st-century skills according to the variables of gender and academic stage.
The adopted research method was the descriptive-analytical approach. A tool consisting of (69) items was developed, distributed across (8) main skills representing the current century’s skills. For purposes of validity and reliability, the tool was presented to a panel of specialized experts. A statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square (χ²) test, which resulted in the deletion of (5) items, making the final number (64) items distributed across (8) core skills. The reliability of the instrument was verified by calculating the internal consistency index, which reached (0.87), indicating a high level of cohesion among the items.
The study population included students at the Open Educational College - Ministry of Education in Iraq. The Najaf Al-Ashraf study center was intentionally selected, and the tool was applied during the academic year (2024-2025) to a sample of (238) students, of whom (100) were randomly selected.

Abstract:-
The research seeks to clarify the civilizational aspect of the Marinid state in the various sectors of the state to include the political and administrative sector, the economic, social, cultural, intellectual and religious sector. The research included an introduction, two chapters, results and a list of sources and references. The first chapter covered an introductory overview of the history of the Marinid state, while the second chapter included the civilizational aspects of the Marinid state. Among the results reached by the research was that the civilizational factor added a new luster to the Marinid state that contributed to its development and prosperity during the years of their rule, causing a great change in their conditions that they were in before entering the country of the Far Maghreb. This is due to the efforts they made to facilitate the affairs of the state.

Abstract:-
The Holy Quran has taken root in the hearts of a nation that embraced it after disbelief, followed its path after straying, and adopted its teachings and prohibitions after arrogance. However, this adoption was fraught with difficulties, as the Holy Quran is a comprehensive book of laws and rulings, containing numerous clear and ambiguous verses, abrogating and abrogated verses. This prompted Muslims to seek its features and meanings from the infallible Imams, the source of the message, the wellspring of faith, and its authority. They learned from them, followed their paths, and adhered to what they had written. They also learned from them after the occultation of the Imam of the Age, the paths of speech and methods of interpretation, one of which was thematic interpretation.

Abstract:-
The Holy Quran presents a unique vision of the concepts of victory and defeat, radically different from materialistic concepts. True victory is not merely a military victory; rather, it is the empowerment of truth and justice, linked to faith, piety, and patience in the face of trials. True defeat, on the other hand, is a deviation from the divine path, whether manifested in the form of physical defeat or moral weakness.
The Quran links victory to responding to God's command, as God Almighty says: "If you support God, He will support you." It also makes defeat a natural consequence of straying from Islamic law, as in the verse: "Or when a disaster befell you, though you had inflicted twice as much, you said, 'From where is this?' Say, 'It is from yourselves.'"
One of the most important features of the Quranic perspective is that it links this world with the afterlife, making victory in the afterlife the ultimate goal, even if a temporary defeat is achieved in this world. It also presents different criteria for evaluating victory and defeat. It also provides different criteria for evaluating victory and defeat, whereby a material victory may be a real defeat if it comes at the expense of values, and vice versa.

Abstract:-
Among the practical issues of the principles of jurisprudence is the conflict of evidence, which is used to infer religious rulings and interpret the Quran and the science of law. Conflict of evidence is unstable and can be resolved through customary summation. One of the customary summation methods is called government. There is a difference of opinion among scholars on the nature of government, and this difference is due to their difference of opinion regarding the criterion for presenting the ruling evidence to the condemned. As a result, the opinions of the fundamentalists have proposed eight different criteria for presenting the ruling, the best of which is to provide evidence for the ruling from the side of the theologian. For government, the rules, such as not considering the relationship between two reasons, are common to all opinions, and given the differences in the opinions of the scholars on the nature and criteria for presenting the government, it is accepted by a group of scholars. And the fundamental scholars divided the government into real, apparent, customary, and expressive, which is analyzed in the article..

Abstract:-
In my research I dealt with this (the rule of destruction between heritage, jurisprudence and renewal) and divided the research into three sections, so the first topic was the definitions of terms and the fruits of the study of jurisprudence, the second research on the rules of jurisprudence in my heritage and its role in renewal, and the third research on the rule of destruction (meaning and perception) with some applications Al Qaeda's own, and I finished this search.

Abstract:-
In the presence of a philosophical human being, it is necessary to establish such a type as “Omanism”, “Esistancelism and Islam” in the middle of the offices of philosophical and Islamic scholarly Islam, Erziyabi Shud and Shanakht Human Azahmit. What is Barkhodar Est? The results are as follows: “Existentialism” in the creation of a human being, denial and human beings, and the selection and originality of “the specific existence of a human being” and the view of the “commandable existence” in the first place, in the face of the Qur’an, the existences of a unique person and such things in view, this is a final decision. The basis of humanism; And the state of Madar is broken, and the state of Madar falls and descends inevitably. We are watching you.

Abstract:-
According to religious teachings, at the beginning of the Day of Judgment, great events will occur, which have been interpreted in the language of the Quran and narrations as "the signs of the Hour." The issue of blowing the trumpet and the events related to it on the eve of the Day of Judgment is one of the central topics in the subject of the Resurrection. "Blowing the trumpet" is the blowing of a heavenly trumpet or trumpet by Israfil, which has wide-ranging consequences. The aim of this research is to examine the interpretative narratives of the Day of Judgment using a descriptive-analytical method. There are several categories of narratives: some refer to the nature and quality of the trumpet and its blowing, which is somewhat ambiguous. Another category of narratives states that two blowings will occur: once when all beings die and the second time when people will appear for an accounting. Some narrations have referred to the events before the blowing of the first trumpet. And some refer to the characteristics of the angel in charge of blowing (Israfil)

Abstract:-
The aim of this research is to identify the de-sanctification of the Holy Quran and its intimacy with modernity, and to respond to it from the books of Imami commentators. The importance of this research stems from the fact that the Quranic text is sacred to Muslims in all times and places, and it is constantly being renewed in its meaning and derivation of Sharia rulings for every situation and event that the Islamic nation experiences. This research aims to identify these modernists and the slander they have launched against them The Qur’anic text, and the research problem lies in answering the question: How did modernists begin to strip the Qur’anic text of its sanctity and humanization? The researcher used the descriptive analytical research method because it is appropriate to the nature of the research, so that the researcher can reach the desired results in his article

Abstract:-
The Quran is the eternal miracle of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and is considered one of the greatest miracles of Allah. Its words are from Allah and it is not permissible to quote its content. The related and similar words that refer to revelation indicate that the revelation of the words and meanings of the Quran is a confirmed matter. Islamic scholars have considered the revelation of the text of the Quran to be self-evident. As for the Orientalists, they have three opinions regarding the words and meanings of revelation. Some believe that both the word and the meaning are from Allah, and some believe that Gabriel revealed the meaning to the Prophet, and that the sanctity of the Quran and its sublimity, and the blood of the Prophet’s intervention in the text of the revelation and his being illiterate, and the verses of challenge indicate the revelation of the text, and the verses and historical evidence indicate that the “Prophet” is subject to revelation and not “revelation” to him, and revelation is not an experience, but rather the words and meaning are from Allah. This research was conducted using the descriptive analysis and library method.

Abstract:-
Argumentative implication is one of the most prominent pragmatic mechanisms that contributes to constructing a text and revealing implicit meaning within discourse. It relies on a set of assumptions presupposed by the speaker and inferred by the listener from the context. These assumptions then transform into argumentative premises that lead the listener to persuasive conclusions.
Modern linguistic studies have focused on implicit meanings that cannot be understood from literal meaning alone, but rather can be discerned from the context of the sentence and the requirements of the pragmatic situation. Pragmatic scholars have given considerable attention to implication as a fundamental element in the communication process because it contains unstated meanings that play a significant role in guiding the listener's understanding.
Hence the importance of studying the topic of argumentative implication in the blessed Surah An-Naba, as it reveals how the Quranic text employs implicit meanings in constructing the argument and persuading the listener. The blessed Surah An-Naba' is one of the surahs whose rhetorical structure is based on proving the resurrection, recompense, and Day of Judgment, and refuting those who deny this truth. Therefore, it employs various forms of argumentative implication that contribute to building a coherent Qur'anic argument, beginning with a question about the great news, then moving to presenting evidence of divine power, and finally establishing the reality of the resurrection, recompense, and Day of Judgment.

Abstract:-
Kurt Vonnegut portrayed his work as a significant literary achievement in his novel "Slaughterhouse-Five," where he employed his innovative style in crafting traditional narratives for metaphysical fiction and non-linear storytelling. This research paper focuses on Vonnegut's narrative techniques and how he utilizes time and space to depict the traumatic psychological effects of war. The study aims to highlight Vonnegut's unique and distinctive narrative style and its impact on the reader's perception and response of reality and fiction.