Damo Journal of Sports Sciences

One of the objectives of the study is to prepare and apply educational units according to the McCarthy model and to identify its effectiveness for developing mental motivation and learning the accuracy of the skills of the tennis serve and the center-reel smash (4). An airplane for students and knowing which is the best model, the McCarthy model or the teacher model, to be followed in the research variables. The two research hypotheses included the existence of differences Statistically significant between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the two research groups on developing mental motivation and learning the accuracy of the tennis serve skills and the smash hit from the 4th center of the volleyball, and there were statistically significant differences between the two groups The results of the post-tests on developing mental motivation and learning the accuracy of the tennis serve and center smash skills (4) First off, an experimental approach was used because it was appropriate to the nature of the research. The sample included fifth-grade biology students in (Aana for Boys) for the academic year (2022-2023). Their number reached (40) students, who were divided into two groups, a control group represented by Division (B) and an experimental group (c Each group consisted of (20) students, who were given pre-tests on the mental motivation scale and the skills of the tennis serve and the center smash (4). The control group implemented the subject teacher’s model and the experimental group implemented the Enmo This is McGarthy model. The educational curriculum was implemented in (10) weeks and as an educational lesson per week and the time of each lesson (40 minutes), The researcher processed the results of his study through the use of statistical methods, and concluded that the McGarthy model and the subject teacher model are two models with positive effectiveness in developing mental motivation and learning the accuracy of the two skills investigated, with varying proportions, and that the McGarthy model is more effective There was no clear development of the variables of the study, and the researcher recommended the need to pay attention to the educational curriculum in accordance with this model and games. Another band.

The problem of the research was that the swimming teacher must be familiar with all aspects of administrative competencies and organizational effectiveness in order to enable him to develop the students’ abilities and create active educational situations that arouse their interests, participation, and interaction within the lesson. The two researchers decided to delve into studying this problem to find out the extent of the impact of the teacher’s administrative competencies and their relationship to effectiveness. Organizational study of swimming lessons for students in colleges of physical education and sports sciences. The objectives of the research were to identify reality and the relationship between administrative competencies and organizational effectiveness among teachers of swimming lessons in colleges of physical education and sports sciences from the students’ point of view. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships to suit the nature of the problem. And the objectives of the research. The research community was identified from students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences (first stage) in the universities of the Middle Euphrates region (Kufa, Babylon, Al-Qadisiyah, Karbala, Al-Muthanna) for the academic year (2023-2024), amounting to (922) students. Selecting a sample consisting of (250) students in a proportional stratified random manner from the research community. The researchers concluded that the swimming subject teachers in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the Middle Euphrates enjoyed a high level of administrative competencies and organizational effectiveness, and there is a significant correlation between both administrative competencies and effectiveness. Organizational work among swimming subject teachers in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in the Middle Euphrates.

The importance of the study was evident in the extent of strategic planning and its relationship to the administrative excellence of the sports and scouting activity departments to achieve success and the desired goals. The problem of the research was that the researchers noticed that there was a lack of interest in the strategic planning of the sports and scouting activity departments. Therefore, the research in this study decided to find out the strategic planning and its relationship to the administrative excellence of the sports and scouting activity departments. Sports and scouting activity. The objectives of the research were to identify the reality of strategic planning and administrative excellence for the sports and scouting activity departments in the general directorates of education for the central and southern regions and the relationship between them. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships to suit the nature of the problem and the objectives of the research. The research community was determined from (technical supervisors) There are (185) technical supervisors in the sports and scouting activity departments for the central and southern regions, in (9) education directorates for the year (2023-2024), and the total study sample was selected from them by a comprehensive enumeration method of (100%) because they are an available sample. The researchers concluded that workers in the departments of sports and scouting activities in the governorates of central and southern Iraq are well aware of the nature of strategic planning and administrative excellence in their departments in a good and precise manner through positive relations between workers and their colleagues, built on frankness, accuracy and clarity. This is what was confirmed by the answers of the technical supervisors to the standards, and that the reality of planning Strategic and administrative excellence among the sample studied is high in various fields, and there is a significant correlation between the two study measures for workers in the sports and scouting activity departments for the central and southern region of Iraq.

This research aims to develop a scale of deductive reasoning capabilities for teaching techniques for Al-Qadisiyah University\'s College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences students. The research challenge is in the following question: What is the degree of deductive reasoning among students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the field of teaching methods?
The researcher identified the community and sample of his research, which are students of the second stage / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Al-Qadisiyah University for the academic year 2023-2024. Their number is (150) male and female students distributed over (5) departments.
Conclusions the researcher reached a good level of deductive thinking for the subject of teaching methods for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Males have a higher predilection for logical reasoning than females.
Recommendations: Students\' logical reasoning and cognitive performance should be prioritized since they assist them in progressing on an academic level. The importance of paying attention to pupils through programs, seminars, and workshops that help them strengthen their deductive reasoning for teaching techniques and other fields.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of handball in some biochemical variables (LA, LDH, PH) in advanced handball players. The researcher assumed that to load of the game effect in the concentrations of these variables. The researcher used descriptive method in solving the problem of research. The research community included the team Najaf Sports Club handball - the category of applicants for the sports (14) player, and then the sample was chosen in a comprehensive manner after the exclusion of goalkeepers and the number (2) to become the total number of the search sample (12). The main experiment was to measure the concentration of biochemical variables (lactic acid, lactic dehydrogenase enzyme and pH) for the players, before the game. They were in complete rest and immediately after the game (LDH, PH). While the (LA) had been measured after Five minutes of the match. The researcher concluded, through his findings, that there were clear changes in the concentrations of variables (under study) after the handball game. The researcher recommended relying on the results achieved in the construction and standardization of training loads in proportion withe load in the handball match.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of the role of fathers in motivating their children, young players, to practice sports in the football academies in Nineveh Governorate.
The descriptive approach was used in a survey method, and the study sample included (320) players representing (47) teams playing in the youth football academies in Nineveh Governorate. Parental orientation and sports culture, the quality of the relationship of the father with the sports coach, and the father’s motivating children to practice sports) and it was applied after the availability of scientific conditions in it in terms of sincerity and stability. Spearman Brown, Gittmann's equation, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
The researcher concluded several conclusions, including:
1- Parents enjoy a high level of motivating their children, young players, to practice sports in the football academies in Nineveh Governorate.
2- Parents, in motivating their children, young players, to practice sports, show a very high interest in the following situations.

The study aimed to identify the effect of different scoreboard heights on learning the art of artistic performance of peaceful scoring in basketball, as well as to identify the differences of different scoreboard heights in the results of learning the art of artistic performance of peaceful scoring in basketball between the experimental and control groups.
The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in learning the art of performing the skills of peaceful scoring, and that there are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests, and in favor of the experimental group.
The research sample included students of the first stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Kirkuk University. The researcher concluded that the educational program had a positive effect for both the control and experimental groups in the art of performing peaceful scoring, and the results were preferable to the experimental group.

Standards are a characteristic of modernity, which necessitated studying the important factors in advancement in this lesson in order to reach the ranks of developed countries. The problem of the research was: Is there a relationship between the objectives of the physical education lesson and the comprehensive quality standards in middle schools in the Babylon Governorate Center from the point of view of the physical education teachers in the Babylon Governorate Center, and what is the contribution rate of the comprehensive quality standards to those objectives? The most important objectives of the research are to identify the percentage of contribution of comprehensive quality standards to achieving the objectives of the physical education lesson for the preparatory stage from the perspective of physical education teachers in Babylon. Comprehensive quality standards contribute to achieving the objectives of the physical education lesson for the preparatory stage in Babylon. . The research population was representative of the sample and amounted to 104 teachers. After confirming the scientific foundations of the exploratory experiment, conducting the main experiment, and analyzing the data for correlation and contribution rates, the researcher reached the most important conclusions. There were contribution rates for each of the following: Comprehensive quality standards based on the objectives of the physical education lesson for the preparatory stage. The most important recommendations are adopting comprehensive quality and sustainable development standards in achieving the objectives of the physical education lesson.

The importance of the research lies in a scientific attempt to benefit from the use of the Deans model as a teaching model in the field of physical education and how to find effective means and methods that lead to stimulating the mind of the student and learner and activating their critical thinking faculty, which helps facilitate the acquisition of information and thus facilitates learning the sports skills related to the game of volleyball. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of using the Deans model in learning the accuracy of serving in volleyball.
The researchers assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the two research groups. The researchers used the experimental method as it is the most appropriate method for the nature of the research problem. The researchers chose the community of origin in a deliberate manner, represented by the students of the third stage. By drawing lots, the students of the hall (1-3) were chosen to represent the research sample, as the number of its members reached (30) students who were divided into two groups. Experimental and controlled. The researchers chose the handstand skill. After discussing the results, the researchers concluded that using the Deans model in critical thinking skills helped students think and research through critical thinking and learning. The researchers recommended that the Deans model of critical thinking skills is more effective and influential than the method used in learning some volleyball skills.

The research aims to prepare exercises similar to playing handball for second-year female students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / College of Education for Girls / University of Kufa to develop the skills of deception and aiming by jumping high. As for the problem of the research, it crystallized through the researchers’ observation of the lack of suspense and excitement in the exercises. Used in teaching handball among female students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The population and sample of the research were female students for the second stage / Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kufa for the academic year 2023-2024, numbering (26) students. As for the most important conclusions, the two researchers reached that similar exercises prepared It helped to raise the level of skill performance for the skills of deception and aiming from the ball to a high level, and there are significant differences between the two research groups and in favor of the experimental group in developing performance for the skills of deception and aiming with handball. The researchers recommend the necessity of directing teachers of physical education and sports sciences to use exercises similar to performance in developing the various skills.

The study aimed to prepare an educational curriculum using the sequential method in accordance with the theory of (procedural learning) to learn the skills of suppression and scoring in football and to identify the effect of educational exercises. The researcher assumed that there were significant statistical differences between the arithmetic averages of the experimental and control groups in the post-tests and in favor of the post-test. The researcher used the method the two experimental groups were equal with pre- and post-tests to achieve the objectives of the study and contribute to solving the research problem. The research population was determined intentionally, while the research sample was chosen randomly using a lottery and was represented by the students of the first stage in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University, which numbered in number. (50) Students were divided into two groups (experimental and control), each group having (25) students. The researcher concluded that the educational curriculum had a positive impact on learning the skills (suppression and scoring) in football. The researcher recommended the need to benefit from the special method of study to learn football skills in particular and sports skills in particular.

Through the experience of the two researchers and their knowledge of the literature and studies. The researcher decided to delve into this topic to identify the effect of learning and thinking patterns in developing the skills of receiving the serve and sending for female students. The objectives of the research were to prepare an educational curriculum for learning the skills of receiving the serve and sending for volleyball for female students. To identify the effect of the educational curriculum in learning the skills of receiving the serve and sending for volleyball for female students. The two researchers identified the research community as second-stage female students in the College of Education for Girls, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kufa for the academic year (2022-2024). Their number is (25) female students, and the steps of the field research procedures were to choose the skills used in the research. They are the front facing serve from above and receiving the serve. The research included presenting, analyzing and discussing the results. The results of the post-tests of the skills of receiving the serve and serving in volleyball for the experimental and control groups were presented and analyzed, and the results of the post-tests of the skills of receiving the serve and serving in volleyball for the experimental and control groups were presented and analyzed. The researchers concluded that the educational curriculum had a clear and effective impact in developing the skills of receiving the serve and serving for the research sample, and that the educational curriculum had a clear and effective impact in developing the skills studied. The researchers recommended the necessity of intervention and combination of theoretical and motor aspects in building educational curricula for female students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and the necessity of building curricula in developing other basic skills, and the necessity of applying the educational curriculum to other samples.

The current study aims to identify the values of executive functions and problem solving among boxers under 22 years of age, through the researcher’s vision and after reviewing many previous studies, he did not find an evaluative method for executive functions and problem solving in the sports field, especially in the game of boxing. Executive functions and problem solving are considered among the most important Things that help the boxer adapt to new situations and surprise through a group of functions such as monitoring and braking, planning and implementation, and through the researcher’s follow-up and his knowledge of the game of boxing, as well as through the personal interviews he conducted with some experts, it was revealed that there is difficulty in responding quickly to performing and applying tactical tasks. Due to the difficulty in making the decision that results in a decline in earning points, the researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method to suit it with the research problem, such as the research community of boxing players in Kirkuk Governorate under (22 years old) for the 2023-2024 season, which numbered (107) players, and after conducting the experiment . The researcher reached the most important conclusions: The evidence that the researcher created is of great benefit to coaches in the process of choosing and selecting players and directing them in the right direction in the training process. The most important recommendations were: The researcher recommends taking into account the tables and standard levels that were reached in selecting or selecting boxing players at an early stage.

The load that a volleyball player performs during physical and skill performance during competitions falls within the first energy system (ATP-PC), whose performance time ranges from less than (5 seconds) from peak power to (30 seconds). This system in the training process also has a specificity in the type of exercises used within this system, which has an impact on all the skill elements and a number of physical and functional characteristics. Therefore, the use of complex exercises similar to playing with a hypoxia mask is one of the modern methods and exercises that develops the qualities and brings the players to the highest levels and enter them in a better manner. Suitable for competitions. The research aims to prepare exercises (physical and skill) using the hypoxia mask in some functional variables in volleyball.
The researcher used the experimental method for two equal groups (experimental and control) with a pre- and post-test. The thesis included Bastamli Sports Club players for applicants and participation in the Premier League, where the sample number was (16). The training program was applied using a hypoxia mask for the experimental group, which consisted of (6) players. The program extended For a period of one and a half months (18), and in light of the results, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is:
- The exercises developed by the researcher using the experimental program led to an improvement in the basic skills of serving, smashing, and blocking among members of the research sample of the experimental group.
- Exercises that use oxygen supply develop the circulatory and respiratory systems and special endurance.

The current study aimed to present a program based on scouting skills to improve the academic resilience of students at Al-Qasim Green University in Babil Governorate, Iraq. The study sample consisted of (12) students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences with an average age of (18,158) years. They were divided into It was divided into two groups, one experimental and the other a control group, each consisting of (6) students. The study tools were applied, namely: the Stanford-Binet Scale, translated by Mahmoud Abu El-Nil, 2011, the Academic Resilience Scale (translation: Enas Mahmoud, Muhammad Issa, 2021), and The program is based on the use of scouting skills (prepared by the researcher), and the results of the study resulted in the following: The presence of statistically significant differences between the average ranks of the experimental group members’ scores in the pre- and post-measurements of the Academic Resilience Scale in favor of the post-measurement, and the presence of statistically significant differences Between the average ranks of the scores of the members of the experimental group and the control group in the post-measurement of the Academic Resilience Scale in favor of the experimental group, and the absence of statistically significant differences between the average ranks of the scores of the members of the experimental group in the post- and follow-up measurements of the Academic Resilience Scale, a month after the end of the program sessions. .

The importance of research is evident in raising the level of education in the subject of free swimming and raising the level of motor performance according to the use of the appropriate method of teaching and according to the specificity and difficulty of the movements. Perhaps some movements and skills require the total method of teaching and some require the partial method of teaching, and in this way we may contribute to raising the level of learning and correct performance. The research problem was: The basic skills at the beginning of learning freestyle swimming are important and essential, and their success takes us to the second stage in learning the level of performance and racing. Therefore, there must be basic teaching and learning methods at the beginning of these first stages of learning freestyle swimming.
The most important objectives of the research were: identifying the effect of the total and partial teaching methods on learning freestyle swimming skills among students of the Private Education Institute in Kalar district.
Accordingly, the conclusions were made: The total and partial teaching methods are of varying importance in learning the basic skills in free swimming among students of the Private Education Institute in Kalar district.
It was recommended: Adopting the partial teaching method in learning the basic skills in freestyle swimming among students of the Institute of Private Education in Kalar district.

High-pressure exercises are the most important training methods that contribute effectively to developing the (physical and tactical) levels of players because they contain fast and powerful performances similar to playing in competition, which work to develop performance endurance and some defensive positions significantly on players, and their positive impact is reflected during competition, including Defensive skills are considered the cornerstone of the game of football. Research has paid attention to developing these skills through high-pressure exercises that serve defensive skill work. The more the team is distinguished by their possession of high physical and skill capabilities, the more this leads to raising the level of the team for the better, which calls for the need for attention. The physical and skill capabilities of football players under the age of (23) years. This research aimed to identify the effect of high-pressure training on developing performance endurance and the contribution of defensive positions in the development of football players under the age of (23) years. The research suggests that there is a similar effect. Statistical significance between the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group in the endurance and defensive positions of football players under the age of (23) years, and in favor of the post-test. The researchers used the experimental method, designing one group with two pre- and post-tests, to suit the nature of the research. The study concluded that high-pressure training has a positive effect on Performance endurance and defensive stances among football players. The study recommended using the method of high-pressure exercises to develop performance endurance and defensive stances, which have a positive impact on developing the level of play among football players.

The research aims to identify the effect of visual vision training on the cognitive organization and performance of floor movements among young gymnastics players and between the control and experimental groups. Hypothetically, there are statistically significant differences in cognitive organization and performance of ground movements between the pre- and post-measurement in the experimental group and in favor of the post-measurement, and there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurement in cognitive organization and performance of ground movements in the experimental group and in favor of the measurement. Afterward, the researcher used the experimental method and the research sample included young players (10) for each group. The conclusions are that visual vision exercises have great importance in gymnastics and have had a significant positive impact on the development of cognitive organization and the performance of ground movements, and that visual vision exercises have an effective impact on the development of cognitive organization. For the research sample (the experimental group) through comparison at the level of the two groups.

The importance of studying the universal design of physical education learning, and the Epistemic Autonomy of students lies in its contribution to demonstrating the extent to which comprehensive instructional design affects the effectiveness of learning and the independence of thinking of students, as well as providing the opportunity to improve the teaching process and improve the learning experience of students comprehensively. The research aimed to identify the extent to which the teaching plans developed by physical education teachers possess the vocabulary of the comprehensive design of learning, and to identify the extent to which students possess during physical education lessons the characteristics of independence in learning, as well as to identify the role that comprehensive design of learning can play in physical education lessons in supporting Epistemic Autonomy among students, and to answer the research questions and achieve its objectives, the researcher used the descriptive approach in the two methods of survey and correlational relationships, and the researcher chose the research sample From physical education teachers in middle, preparatory and secondary schools in the Directorate of Education of Musayyib District and administratively affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Babylon Governorate in the academic year (2023-2024), and the number of members of the research sample is (298) physical education teachers, and the researcher divided this sample into three sub-samples, The researcher prepared two questionnaires, the first questionnaire to measure the level of comprehensive design for learning in physical education lessons with a number of phrases amounting to (16) phrases, and the second questionnaire to measure the level of Epistemic Autonomy of students in physical education and the number of phrases amounted to (15) phrases, and after completing their preparation according to scientific specifications, they were applied to the final application sample to extract the results that indicate the levels of research variables, and after extracting the results and analyzing them statistically processed, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are:
- The planning of physical education lessons by teachers is characterized by being of an average level in terms of its comprehensive design of learning.
- Students are characterized by being of an average level in terms of their Epistemic Autonomy in physical education lessons.
- The Universal design of learning for physical education lessons plays an active role in supporting students' Epistemic Autonomy.

Through the experience of the researchers in the field of tennis and due to the difficulty of tennis skills in performing and learning the skills because tennis skills are open skills that require motor programs and thinking about performing the shot, how to perform the shot and where to perform the shot, and retrieving previous information and benefiting from it at the appropriate time.
Therefore, the researchers decided to use one of the educational models to solve this problem by preparing a learning curriculum according to the (Stofflatt & Stoddart) model for learning the tennis serve for students.
The researchers used the experimental method in the style of two equal groups (control and experimental) with a pre- and post-test to suit the research requirements.
The research community was determined by the students of the third stage - College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Karbala for the academic year (2023-2024 AD), who numbered (90) students.
The aim of the research is to: prepare a learning curriculum according to the (Stofflett & Stoddart) model in learning the tennis serve for students and know its effect.
As for the most important conclusions:
The use of the educational approach based on the Stoffett & Stoddart model has achieved a clear improvement in learning the tennis serve for students. This approach has helped increase educational situations similar to the playing situation, which has helped students provide real responses. Using the stages and steps of the Stoffett & Stoddart model has made the student active throughout the lesson, which is a positive role. What he performs while thinking for himself gives him greater opportunities to focus and remember what he learned and understood. The students’ application of the skills they learned using the Stoffett & Stoddart model helped enhance their self-confidence and gain positive attitudes towards learning and the educational process. The exercises prepared by the researcher were characterized by steps and stages of progression in an organized manner in accordance with With the five stages of the model, it helped students learn to serve in a way that achieves the goal and purpose of the educational process.