University of Anbar Sport and Physical Education Science Journal

The aim of the study is to identify the level of the vocational enrichment, and the level of the effectiveness of the work team among the members of the administrative body of the basketball subsidiary unions, and to identify the rate of the conribution of the vocational enrichment in increasing the effectiveness of the work team among the members of the administrative body of the basketball subsidiary unions. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the method of relational relations of the rgression type on a sample of the members of the administrative body of the basketball subsidiary unions in twelve governorate (60) members, who were selected intentionaliy by (100%) of the original community. The two variables of the study and their mesearments were determined and the scientific foundations were established for them, and then the application of the exploratory experience and the main study of survey. After the findings were statistically treated with the System of the Social Statistical Pouch (SPSS) version (V24), the researchers concluded that the vocational enrichment and the effectiveness of the work team were not as high as the research sample, and that the vocational enrichment is related to the effectiveness of the work team and contributes to and affects it among the members of the administrative body of the basketball subsidiary unions.

The aim of the research was to identify the values of some
kinematic variable for the kinetic path of the barbell at any beginning of
the different beginnings of positions in the snatch, and to compare the
shape of the kinetic path of the barbell among the different positions of
the research sample. The researcher used the descriptive approach for its
convenience to the nature of solving the research problem. The sample of
the research was selected in a deliberate manner and the number was (6)
weightlifters within the team of Diyala governorate and they obtained
advanced positions in the young tournaments. The researcher used the
maximum intensity of the weight of the lifted barbell starting from the
weightlifter who lifts the least weight and then the gradation in increasing
the lifted weights. The researcher used the three methods of snatch lifting
and then he granted three attempts to the weightlifter in each method
from the beginning and according to the international weightlifting law.
The best successful attempt was analyzed, which represents (90%) from
the ability of the weightlifter. The findings were statistically obtained
through the application of the statistical bag (SPSS).
The researcher concluded that there is a difference in the values of
some kinematic variables for the three bodies of the snatch lifting. The
first rise achieved better rises than the second and third rises. There were
significant differences in the rise of the barbell at the lowest point of the
ground in the descent stage (H2), and the rise of the highest point of
barbell (H4). The researcher recommended the training on different rises
by increasing the kinetic range of the joints of the body, especially the
joints of the shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles to obtain a good balance as
well as conducting a similar study on different bodies in height looking at
the variables that take place in the corners of the body, as well as the use of a platform of measuring the strength of the reaction of the earth and
finding the relationship between the variables.

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على تمرينات حركية متوافقة على سرعة الأداء الحركي للاعبي كرة القدم الشباب.
أجري البحث على عينة من لاعبي نادي الصليخ الرياضي بكرة القدم للناشئين وهو أحد أندية الدرجة الأولى للعام 2015-2016.
استخدم الباحثان المنهج التجريبي لملاءمته لطبيعة البحث.
وتكونت العينة
من (24) لاعباً، وتم استبعاد (4) لاعبين،
وأصبحت عينة البحث الرئيسة
(20) لاعباً
مقسمين عشوائياً (دفعة) إلى مجموعتين تجريبية وضابطة.
وتضمنت إجراءات البحث إجراء الاختبار القبلي لسرعة الأداء الحركي، ومن ثم تطبيق المنهاج التدريبي
المعد من قبل الباحثين، والذي يتضمن تمرينات حركية متوافقة لمدة ثلاثة أشهر بواقع (36) وحدة تدريبية،
The aim of the research was to identify of kinetic compatible
exercises on the speed of motor performance of young football players.
The research was conducted on a sample of the players of the Suleikh
Sport Club in football for the young which is one of the clubs of the first
class for the year 2015-2016. The researchers used the experimental
method for its suitability to the nature of the research. The sample was
(24) players، (4) players were excluded، and the main research sample
became (20) players divided randomly(lot) into two experimental and
control groups.
The research procedures included conducting the pretest of the
speed of the motor performance، and then the application of the training
curriculum prepared by the researchers، which includes kinetic and
compatible exercises for a period of three months with (36) training units
and then the post-test was conducted. After the data collection، unloading
them and processing them statistically، the researchers concluded that the
proposed training curriculum، which includes kinetic and compatible
exercises with load (80-90)% and (90-100)%، is very successful
،according to their point of view، in changing the performance level of
the player in a positive direction. The speed of the motor performance
was affected to the degree of morale among the experimental sample
from the control. They recommended using other training loads in similar
studies with the use of other training methods and undulations for the
same age group، and identifying their impact on the levels of the players.

The aim of the research was to find out the extent to which the ball
possession exercises within specific areas affect the speed and accuracy
of the complex skillful performance of young football players (17-19)
years. The researchers used the experimental method on a sample of the
young of Ararat football club and their number (26) players, the
goalkeepers were excluded and their number was (3), and also (3) players
because of injury. Six(6) players were selected for the pilot experiment,
divided into two equal groups, the experimental group(10)players, and
the controlling group (10)players. The pretests were conducted, and then
the curriculum was applied for (12) weeks and (3) training units per
week. The curriculum was used during the specific preparation period by
using the two methods of the high-intensity periodic training and the
frequent training. The researchers took into account the principle of
gradation and undulation of load. At the end of the curriculum, the posttests
were conducted in the same way as the pretests.
After collecting and processing the data statistically by using
(SPSS),the researchers concluded that the ball possession exercises
within specific areas had a positive effect on the speed and accuracy of
the complex skillful performance of football players. They recommended
the need to conduct the periodic tests to determine the training status of
players.

The aim of this study was to uncover the impact of sports media
and violent sports in increasing violence "a field study on the northern
governorates of Jordan", where the viewpoint of a sample of (500)
academics and fans was taken into consideration. In order to achieve the
objective of the study, the questionnaire was constructed in its final form
of (20) items divided into two areas (the role of sports media, and the role
of violent sports). After confirming the validity and reliability of the
questionnaire, it was applied to the sample where the results of the
hypotheses test showed that there is a statistical impact of both the role of
sports media and the role of violent sports in increasing the intensity of
violence. The results did not show statistically significant differences in
the two areas of tool due to gender variables, academic level, and
respondent status.
The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most
important of which is the need to adopt a media policy based on the
principle of awareness of the importance of sportsmanship, revising the
legislation of violent sports so that the opponent is not harmed.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the concept maps
strategy in the guided discovery method at learning the skill of layup shooting
in basketball. The researchers used the experimental method of the two groups
for its convenience to the nature of the research. The experiment was
conducted on a sample of (107) students from the students of the scientific fifth
grade in the Al-Mansour Model School for Boys/Baghdad/Al-Karkh for the
academic year (2015-2016). 22 students were randomly selected for the
purpose of conducting the pilot experiment. They were excluded from the main
research sample, where it consisted of (74) students representing (33.33%)
from the original community. The sample was divided into two groups, each
consisting of (37) students. It was divided by lottery method, where the first
group represents the first experimental group which implements the concept
maps strategy in the guided discovery method, the second group is the
controlling group which implements the followed method.
The pretests were conducted and then the verification of the equivalence of
the two groups of research in the main variables of the research (layup
shooting), and then the educational curriculum was implemented, (24)
educational units for each curriculum, as well as conducting the post-tests, and
the statistical treatments of the research.
The researchers concluded that the use of the concept maps strategy in the
guided discovery method improves the skillful learning of the skill of layup
shooting in basketball among its learners and also it improves the skillful
learning of the skill of layup shooting in basketball by using the concept maps
strategy in the guided discovery method better than using the followed method
in the lesson. They also concluded that the integration and employment of the
concept maps strategy in the educational methods facilitates the tasks of
learners in their skillful learning in the stages of raw learning. They
recommended the need to adopt the results of this study, disseminating them,
and the emphasis on providing the basketball courts by the means required
because of their positive results in the skillful learning with taking into account
the scientific foundations and methods when applying the concept maps
strategy in the guided discovery method, and informing the teachers of physical
education of their natures.

The aim of the research was to design specific kinetic sports and to
know their effect on some basic complex kinetic skills, and also to design
four complex skill tests to measure these variables. The researcher used
the experimental design of the one group, as the sample of the research
was (18) children (male and female) from the children of kindergarten of
(Aween) in the centre of the Province of Erbil, as well as taking into
account several procedures such as pilot experiments, and the scientific
foundations of tests. After conducting the pretests, the proposed specific
kinetic sports were applied to the research group within educational units
(18) units in a period of (6) weeks, three units per week, and (30) minutes
for the educational unit, then the post-tests were conducted. The findings
were treated by using the appropriate statistical methods.
The researchers concluded that the proposed sports played an active
role in the development of the targeted skills (running and kicking,
running and throwing, snapping and throwing, running and jumping)
among children in different degrees, as well as the effectiveness of the
designed tests in giving the results and in scientific degrees characterized
by validity, reliability, and objectivity. They recommended that those
who are responsible for teaching the children the complex skills should
focus first on the process of motor connection then the improvement of
speed and accuracy of performance, as well as the adoption of the
designed tests to measure these variables.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of dynamic
flexibility exercises on raising the special physical abilities and the level
of achievement of the individual and varied (200m) swimmers. It also
aims at identifying the results of the differences between the pretests and
post-tests of the control and experimental groups in raising the physical
abilities and the achievement of individual and varied (200m) swimmers,
and the results of the differences in the post-tests between the the control
and experimental groups in raising the physical abilities and the
achievement of the individual and varied (200m) swimmers.
The researchers used the experimental method of the control and
experimental groups. They concluded that the selection of the appropriate
exercises based on the scientific foundations and their application with
the appropriate load affects the raising of the physical abilities and the
achievement of individual and varied (200m) swimmers. They
recommended the adoption of dynamic physical exercises in raising the
physical abilities and the achievement of the individual and varied
(200m) swimmers.

The aim of the research was to identify the degree of psychological
tension among students of physical education and sports sciences, and to
prepare an educational curriculum to learn some basic skills of volleyball
among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports
Sciences. It also aims at identifying the educational curriculum in
learning some basic skills in volleyball, and reducing the psychological
tension among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports
Sciences. The researchers used the experimental method for its
convenience to the nature of the research. The research community was
selected from the students of the second stage of the College of Physical
Education and Sports Sciences-University of Anbar for the academic year
(2015-2016) in a deliberate manner for they were in the learning stage,
and they were distributed to two divisions (A-B) with (32) students.
The researchers concluded that the proposed curriculum by the
helping educational means has an effective effect on developing some
basic skills in volleyball among students of the experimental group, and
that the lesson of sports education followed by the college achieved a
development in some basic skills of volleyball among the students of the
controlling group but less than the experimental group. The students of
the experimental group surpassed the students of the controlling group in
the post-test in some basic skills of volleyball. They also concluded that
the followed approach by using the educational means helped to reduce
the psychological tension of the experimental group.
The researchers recommended the need to use the educational
means in the lesson of sports education because of their positive effect on
learning and reducing the psychological tension with activating the use of
the proposed educational approach in teaching some basic skills of
volleyball for students of the second stage at the colleges of physical
education and sports science because of its positive impact.

The aim of the research was to design and implement the standard
of the educational leadership of the teachers of physical education in the
secondary schools of Baghdad education. The researchers used the
descriptive approach in the analytical style, where the sample included
(686) managers representing the secondary schools of Baghdad education.
The preparation of instructions of the questionnaire form design, the
exploratory experiment, the correcting of the questionnaire, the statistical
analysis of the items of the questionnaire and the main experiment were
conducted, and the statistical bag for social sciences (SPSS) was used.
The findings were presented and discussed, and the researchers
concluded the validity and suitability of the standards of the educational
leadership of the teachers of physical education in the general directorates
of Baghdad Education, while the members of the research sample were
characterized by their ability to educational leadership. The researchers
recommended the adoption of the standards of the educational leadership
on other samples, and paying attention to the educational leadership and
finding ways to develop it because of its important role of the teacher of
physical education and sports sciences in schools on the practice of
educational leadership through specialized courses and workshops
organized for this purpose. They also recommended the importance of
finding scientific criteria to choose the educational leaders in the schools
that have the educational leadership skills, and conducting similar studies
on other samples.

The aim of the research was to prepare complex exercises in the
training overlap method to match the abilities of the research sample from
the wrestlers of free styling, and to identify the effect of complex
exercises in the training overlap method in the development of some
thyroid hormones and the physical abilities of the wrestlers of free styling.
The researcher used the experimental method, and the sample of the
research was selected from the national team wrestlers of the free styling
for the young aged (18-20) years.
The researcher concluded that the effectiveness of reproductive
education has a positive impact in the development of the action of the
thyroid hormones and the physical abilities. He recommended that
trainers be encouraged and supported to use this modern method in the
training process.

The aim of the research was to prepare `physical and harmonious
exercises, and to identify the effect of some physical and harmonious
exercises on the accuracy of the performance of some offensive skills in
handball. The female researchers used the experimental method of the
experimental design for a single group of the pretest and post-test. The
research sample was represented by the specialized school players aged
(13-15) years, after which the most important tests were determined. The
exercises were then carried out within the training sessions of the school
curriculum which included (24) training sessions, and then conducting the
post-tests in the same pretest conditions. Then the extraction and
processing of data statistically using the statistical bag (SPSS).
The female researchers concluded that the prepared exercises have
a positive effect on the development of the physical abilities under
consideration, and that the prepared exercises have a positive effect on
the development of the harmonious abilities among players of the
research sample, and that the prepared exercises have a clear effect on the
development of the performance accuracy of some basic skills. The
female researchers recommended the need to use the prepared exercises
in the research for other events, and conducting similar researches on
samples of females instead of males with the need to pay attention to the
physical and harmonious preparation of the players.

The research aimed at using the reverse learning which is one of
the relatively modern teaching methods which can contribute to the
adjustment of skill technique and speed up the learning process. Although
this technique seems a bit strange, it involves starting to learn the last step
and then starting to reverse until we reach the first step in learning on the
basis that learning the last part of the skill leads the learner to know the
goal of skill and this in turn leads to satisfaction and impulse to learn the
rest of the parts and connect them with each other.
The researchers used the experimental approach as the best
curriculum to achieve the objectives of its study. The sample consisted of
(20) students divided into two groups (control and experimental), 10
students for each group. The researchers used the appropriate statistical
means to process the data statistically. The researchers concluded that
there are differences of statistical significance in the test of human wheel
movement and for the benefit of the post-test. They recommended
conducting a study dealing with other methods along with the method of
reverse learning and the method used to identify which method is more
effective in learning the skills of gymnastics.

The aim of the research is to develop some of the physical,
functional, and skillful abilities of the disabled(sitting position) of the
players of Heet Sports Club. The researcher hypothesized that there are
differences of statistical significance in the effect of the training program
to develop some physical, functional, and skillful abilities in the
volleyball for the disabled sitting. The research sample included (12)
disabled player, and the researcher used the experimental method of the
one group.
The researcher concluded that there is a positive effect of the
prepared curriculum on the development of some physical, functional,
and skillful abilities of the volleyball for the sitting disabled for players of
Heet Sports Club. He recommended the need to pay attention to this
important group and take care of them in other provinces.

The aim of the research was to identify the kinetic balance and some physical
abilities related to the balancing beam skills in the gymnastics, and to find out the
effect of using the kinetic balance exercises on some physical abilities among the
female students of the second stage at the College of Physical Education and Sports
Science-University of Diyala. The female researcher used the experimental approach
because it is one of the most suitable methods for the research. The research sample
was selected in a deliberate way, representing the female students of the second stage
whose number was (60) female students who did not attend the lecture, and (8) female
students for the pilot experiment. The female researcher concluded that the exercises
used by the researcher have a positive impact on learning of walking skill on the
balancing beam and the walking skill on the Swedish inverted chair for the
experimental group as a result of repetitions adopted by the researcher in the exercises.
Concerning the skills of cartwheel on the balancing beam and the walking skill
on the Swedish chair, the results did not reveal significant differences between the
pretest and post-test, and this may be a result to the difficulty of the skill itself and the
shortage of repetitions of the exercises. As with reference to the controlling group, the
results revealed a significant difference between the pretest and post-test in some tests
of the kinetic balance because of the followed program by the female teachers of the
subject. As with reference to the physical tests were not positive between the pretest
and post-test, and the reason for this may be because the sample does not have
physical abilities or the time of repetitions was not enough because of the pressed for
time of the lesson or as a result of adopting the balancing exercises in the main part.
The female researcher recommended the need to use the balancing exercises,
and using helpful means before starting to be applied to the equipment to ensure
safety for learners. She also recommended the development of performance level,
decreasing the faults as possible, conducting similar studies specialized in the kinetic
balancing for other skills on the balancing beam not tackled by the researcher. She
also recommended the need to lead the learner to the stage of good performance
through providing preparatory or helpful exercises with taking into account the
gradation to achieve good skillful performance and improving the level: the need to
use the gradation in learning the skills from the easy skill to the difficult one, and
from similar skills in stimulus and response in order to transfer the learner from one
skill to another.

The aim of the research was to highlight the extent to which the
teachers of physical education recognize the importance of diversification
in the methods of learning, methods of training, the physical attributes,
and to identify the potential relationship between the awareness of
teachers of physical education and their theoretical knowledge in addition
to the revelation of the physical education teachers in the field of physical
preparation. The researcher used the descriptive approach for its
convenience to the research requirements, while the sample included (42)
teachers.
The researcher concluded that most of the teachers of physical
education take into consideration the appropriate and scientific method to
learn skills and develop the abilities to train the physical character to be
developed, which affects the physical aspect of the students players. He
also concluded the teachers\' awareness of the importance of
diversification in the methods of learning and training as well as their
various effects on the motivation of athletic achievement.
He recommended to consider the teachers formation system in the
field of learning and training in general as well as the field of physical
preparation in particular with giving instructions to the teachers of
physical education for the intermediate stages in order to develop their
competence in this important area in the process of modern learning and
training.

The research aimed at identifying the effect of using the slope training
on the maximum speed and the digital achievement of the 100m running
event for the advanced, and identifying the effect of using the plyometric
training on the maximum speed and the digital achievement of the event
of 100m runners for the advanced. The researcher used the experimental
method while the sample of the research was (10) runners representing
the athletics team of Ramadi Club, category of the advanced, for the
event of (100m) and it was chosen by the intentional way divided into
two experimental groups. He concluded that the use of the plyometric
method and slope method develops speed, and that the slope training is
given in parallel with the plyometric training, and that the use of the slope
and plyometric methods and intensity of 95% lead to the development of
the maximum speed and thus the development of the achievement of
100m running.
The researcher recommended the need to use such a training method
to run the short distances, and the need to conduct similar studies through
the application of this method with some modifications to the training
works, and to know their impact on the achievement of 100m running. He
also recommended the integration of the slope and plyometric methods in
a training curriculum with maximum intensity to develop the maximum
speed and thus the development of the achievement of 100m running for
the advanced.

The research aimed at identifying the level of progress in the level of
achievement of the participants in the Beijing 2008 and London 2012 for
men and women، and the level of achievement of women in proportion to
men in Beijing 2008 and London 2012، and identifying the differences in
the level and proportion of achievement of women in proportion to the
men in Beijing and London in similar weights (48kg، 52kg، 56kg، 60kg،
67.5kg، 75kg، 82.5kg). The researcher used the survey method for its
suitability to the nature of the research problem.
The researcher concluded that the differences in the level of
achievement of men between Beijing and London did not rise to the
degree of moral، and the level of achievement of women between Beijing
and London did not rise to the moral kevel، and there are no differences in
the ratios of the level women\'s achievement in proportion to the men
between Beijing and London. He recommended to conduct similar studies
for women، as well as men separately، with the possibility of conducting
similar studies on all events of the disabled، especially athletics and
archery events.

The research aimed at identifying the level of emotional efficiency
and the accuracy of aiming, and identifying the proportion of the
contribution of emotional efficiency in the accuracy of aiming among
players of the Premier League clubs in handball. The researchers used
the descriptive approach in the form of associative relationships of the
regression type on a sample of players of the first class clubs, and the
applicants participated in the Premier League matches in handball for the
sports season (2015-2016) with the number of (58) after excluding the
goalkeepers according to the specificity of study in the province of
Baghdad (Al-Shurtah, Al-Karkh-Al-Jeish, and Al-Khaldoon). After the
selection of the psychometric scale and the skill test of handball, the
foundations and the scientific treatments were carried out on the
exploratory sample, conducting of the exploratory experiment, then the
main survey was carried out, and the findings were processed by the
(SPSS) version (V24).
The researchers found that the emotional efficiency of the Premier
League players in handball was not at the required level. This emotional
efficiency is closely linked to the accuracy of aiming of the players of the
Premier League in handball and it contributes and affects the accuracy of
this skill. They recommended the attention of how to diagnose the
emotional efficiency and the adoption of the scientific methods to
measure it among the players of the Premier League in handball, and
enhancing the positive emotions among the players of the Premier League
in handball.

The aim of the research was to apply the standard of the negative
behavioral phenomena to the players of the Premier League for some
team sports in Iraq in order to identify the most prominent behavioral
phenomena among players of the team sports of the Premier League in
Iraq. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the analytical style
for its convenience to the aims and nature of the problem of the research.
The research community included the players of football, basketball, and
handball of the Iraqi Premier League of the year 2016-2017. The sample
of the research constituted (23,12%) of the original community by (445)
of (1012) players distributed in the three games according to their
numbers in the original community. The researchers used the exploratory
experiment and then the experiment of application. The areas of the
standard were( sports violence, sports misconduct, sports intolerance,
stimulants and sedatives, and arrogance and disregard for others.
The researchers used the statistical bag (SPSS) to deal with the
findings statistically. They concluded that the phenomenon of misconduct
is the most prominent among players of the team sports in the Premier
League, and that the phenomenon of sports violence is the least
prominent among those phenomena of players of the research sample.
They recommended granting more space to the behavioral and moral
aspects during the process of psychological preparation of the players,
and working to increase the players\' understanding of the dangers of
doping and their negative consequences on the healthy and psychological
state of the players.

The research aimed at identifying the behaviors of violence among the
intermediate school students (males and females) and their educational
attainment, and finding out the correlation between the behaviors of
violence and educational attainment among the intermediate school
students (males and females). The researcher used the descriptive
approach in a random way. The research sample consisted of (400)
students divided into (200) male students and (200) female students who
represent the intermediate second class/General Directorate of Baghdad
Education/Rusafah 2 for the academic year 2015-2016.
The researcher adopted the two standards of violence behaviors for the
researcher (Mayesser Mohammed Fahad, 2012), and the standard of the
educational achievement for the female researcher (Lonas Hiddah, 2012).
After applying the main experiment and unloading data, the statistical
means (SPSS) were used. She concluded that there are no statistically
significant differences between the behaviors of violence and the
educational attainment of both genders. She recommended activating the
activities such as sports and recreational games to relieve the tension of
pent-up energies within the students and the development of their bodies
and minds so that they can feel comfort and tranquility inside the school.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of using the
vertical learning in learning some basic skills of football futsal, and to
identify the effect of using the vertical and reverse learning in learning
some basic skills of football futsal. The female researcher selected the
design of the two experimental groups of the pretest and post-test. The
research community was identified by the female students of the first
stage/College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of
Diyala for the academic year 2015-2016 and their number (80) students
representing two divisions by (20) female students successively. The
community was selected intentionally and the percentage of the sample
from the community was (25%).
The female researcher concluded that the effect of the reverse
vertical learning style is clear in learning some basic skills of football
futsal in addition to the effectiveness of the educational program, the
educational activities, and the educational means in learning some basic
skills of football futsal. She found a difference in learning some basic
skills of football futsal through the style of reverse vertical learning, and
the teaching styles(the style of reverse vertical learning) have a positive
effect in learning some basic skills of football futsal. She recommended
the adoption of the style of reverse vertical learning in teaching the other
basic of football futsal in addition to the use of modern strategies in
addition to the teaching samples in teaching the subject of physical
education.

The research aimed at identifying the wind and temperature
variables during the successive response by devising a device to measure
the successive response time for shooting the moving targets in the two
events of shooting mentioned above. Thus, the researchers subjected the
device to the procedures of standardization and quality control, then the
work of the device was applied to the shooters at the World Cup in
Azerbaijan for the period from 24to 29/ July/ 2016 with (65) shooters and
(28) female shooters for the event of towers and (30) shooters for the
double hole.
The researchers concluded that those who occupy the first positions
are the shooters whose abilities are compatible with the environmental
variables, and that the shooter who has a high speed and can control the
speed of performance according to the environmental conditions has the
advantage in achieving the achievement, and that the temperature and
wind speed and its direction have an effect (negatively or positively) on
the successive response time of the shooters, especially the wind coming
and the wind going. The researchers recommended training the shooters
under different environmental conditions (wind-temperature), and
training the shooters to shoot dishes with a speed of more than (80/km)
gradually with focusing on the accuracy of aiming.

The aim of the research was to determine the standard levels of the
transformational leaderships, and the level of empowerment of the deans
of the colleges of physical education and sports sciences. It also aims at
identifying the relationship between the transformational leadership and
the level of empowerment of the deans of the colleges of physical
education and sports science for girls in addition to the evaluation of the
transformational leadership and the level of empowerment of the deans of
colleges of physical education and sports science. The researchers used
the analytical descriptive approach. The research community included the
deans of the colleges of physical education and sports science/
Mustansiriya University, University of Baghdad, and University of
Diyala, and their number was (16) deans where only one dean was
excluded to the pilot experiment.
The researchers concluded that the transformational leadership has
a direct relationship with the level of empowerment of the deans which
has its effect on the work of the subordinates. The level of empowerment
makes the subordinates able to work effectively. The transformational
leadership gives independence in the work for both the leader and the
subordinate, and raising the awareness for the subordinate through the
joint work between the leader and the subordinate. They recommended
the need to work on the principle of participation in the work of both the
leader and the subordinate, and the practice of this type of leaderships and
encouraging it in the educational institutions of the Ministry of
Education, and the application of these measurements on the coaches of
the sports teams to get better results.

The aim of the research was to identify the importance of physical
education and the impact of some of its elements and the look of Islam to
it and the sports games played in Islam and its impact on the preparation
of Muslims physically and psychologically, and to identify the laws and
rules that Islam has developed for the exercise of the sports games and
the movements practiced by Muslims during the performance of worships
and religious rituals such as ablution, pray, fasting, pilgrimage,
wandering, and exercising the sports games like swimming, wrestling,
fencing, equestrian, shooting, and walking.
The researchers concluded that Islam directed towards the
development of physical strength and improving the level of fitness of
Muslim to be able to protect his religion and worldly affairs. Islam had a
jihad orientation in the sports that the leaders practiced and encouraged
Muslims to practice them, even though Islam had linked the
manifestations of worships and their ceremonies with the movement and
activity including ablution, pray, fasting, and pilgrimage. The Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) urged that the woman has the
right to practice sports. They recommended that the workers in the sports
field (researchers and trainers) must pay attention and give prominent role
to these games and helping to practice them and making them organized
games in accordance with the reality with the support and enrichment of
Arab and national libraries and the libraries of colleges of specialty with
references, sources, books, and other helping materials.